Item 1. Financial Statements
Item 1. Financial Statements.
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
July 31,
October 31,
2025
2024
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash
$
31,984
$
20,255
Accounts receivable
—
—
Total Current Assets
31,984
20,255
Non-Current Assets
Property and equipment, net
1,399,793
994,898
Long term asset, net
—
112,026
Right-of-use asset
79,141
121,805
Total Non-Current Assets
1,478,934
1,228,729
TOTAL ASSETS
$
1,510,918
$
1,248,984
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable
$
407,737
$
138,029
Accrued payroll
—
17,762
Accrued interest payable
49,414
28,845
Lease liability
59,966
57,062
Payroll tax
2,838
2,838
Advances, related party
1,091,585
960,585
Convertible note payable, at fair value
60,000
—
Customer deposits
99
99
Notes payable, related party
785,000
785,000
Total Current Liabilities
2,456,639
1,990,220
Non-Current Liability
Lease liability
20,702
66,155
Long term notes payable, related party
590,000
590,000
Total Non-Current Liability
610,702
656,155
Total Liabilities
3,067,341
2,646,375
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively
—
—
Series A, par value $ 0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 5,000,000 and 5,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively
5,000
5,000
Series B, par value $ 0.001 per share; 500,000 shares authorized; 360,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively
360
—
Common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; 985,000,000 shares authorized; 95,920,491 and 419,437,865 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively
95,920
419,438
Common stock payable
15,250
15,250
Common stock subscription receivable
( 13,750
)
( 13,750
)
Additional paid-in capital
50,204,960
43,611,365
Accumulated deficit
( 51,864,163
)
( 45,434,694
)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit
( 1,556,423
)
( 1,397,391
)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
$
1,510,918
$
1,248,984
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
5
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended
July 31,
For the Nine Months Ended
July 31,
2025
2024
2025
2024
(As Restated)
(As Restated)
Revenue
$
—
$
4,241
$
43,708
$
4,241
Cost of goods sold
—
( 3,688
)
—
( 3,688
)
Gross Profit
—
553
43,708
553
Operating expenses
Advertising and marketing
2,610
9,593
22,770
9,593
General and administrative expenses
421,940
430,693
6,130,926
1,421,333
Depreciation and amortization
66,742
48,927
178,730
127,994
Total Operating Expenses
491,292
489,213
6,332,426
1,558,920
Other Income (Expenses)
Interest income
2
7
8
5,499
Interest expense
( 6,705
)
( 6,931
)
( 20,569
)
( 20,644
)
Loss on fair value of convertible note
( 15
)
—
( 15,000
)
—
Loss on write-off of intangible asset
—
—
( 105,190
)
—
Total Other (Expenses)
( 6,718
)
( 6,924
)
( 140,751
)
( 15,145
)
Loss from Operations
$
( 498,010
)
$
( 495,584
)
$
( 6,429,469
)
$
( 1,573,512
)
Net Loss
$
( 498,010
)
$
( 495,584
)
$
( 6,429,469
)
$
( 1,573,512
)
PER SHARE AMOUNTS
Basic and diluted net loss
per share
$
( 0.01
)
$
( 0.00
)
$
( 0.04
)
$
( 0.00
)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
85,983,969
410,591,730
171,019,802
416,515,952
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
6
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
For the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)
(Unaudited)
Series A Preferred Stock
Series B Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Stock
Share Subscription
Additional Paid-in
Accumulated
Total Stockholders'
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Payable
Receivable
Capital
Deficit
Deficit
Balance at October 31, 2023 (Restated)
5,000,000
$
5,000
—
$
—
419,341,584
$
419,341
$
32,251
$
( 23,750
)
$
41,470,177
$
( 42,096,104
)
$
( 193,085
)
Regulation A stock issuances
—
—
—
—
91,501
92
33,999
—
91,409
—
125,500
Net loss for the three months ended January 31, 2024
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 507,073
)
( 507,073
)
Balance at January 31, 2024 (Restated)
5,000,000
$
5,000
—
$
—
419,433,085
$
419,433
$
66,250
$
( 23,750
)
$
41,561,586
$
( 42,603,177
)
$
( 574,658
)
Regulation A stock issuances
—
—
—
—
120,400
120
13,250
—
120,280
—
133,650
Net loss for the three months ended April 30, 2024
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 570,855
)
( 570,855
)
Balance at April 30, 2024 (Restated)
5,000,000
$
5,000
—
$
—
419,553,485
$
419,553
$
79,500
$
( 23,750
)
$
41,681,866
$
( 43,174,032
)
$
( 1,011,863
)
Regulation A stock issuances
—
—
—
—
219,028
219
( 61,750
)
—
218,809
—
157,278
Regulation D stock issuances
—
—
—
—
966,879
967
—
—
274,533
—
275,500
Shares cancelled as per settlement agreement - Vivaris Capital
—
—
—
—
( 10,000,000
)
( 10,000
)
—
10,000
—
—
—
Net loss for the three months ended July 31, 2024
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 495,584
)
( 495,584
)
Balance at July 31, 2024
5,000,000
5,000
—
—
410,739,392
410,739
17,750
( 13,750
)
42,175,208
( 43,669,616
)
( 1,074,669
)
7
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT (CONTINUED)
For the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)
(Unaudited)
Series A Preferred Stock
Series B Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Stock
Share Subscription
Additional Paid-in
Accumulated
Total Stockholders'
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Payable
Receivable
Capital
Deficit
Deficit
Balance at October 31, 2024
5,000,000
$
5,000
—
$
—
419,437,865
$
419,438
$
15,250
$
( 13,750
)
$
43,611,365
$
( 45,434,694
)
$
( 1,397,391
)
Regulation D stock issuances
—
—
—
—
29,293
29
—
—
14,971
—
15,000
Shares cancelled as per exchange agreement
—
—
—
—
( 360,000,000
)
( 360,000
)
—
—
—
—
( 360,000
)
Series B preferred stock issuances
—
—
360,000
$
360
—
—
—
—
359,640
—
360,000
Stock-based compensation
—
—
—
—
16,125,000
16,125
—
—
5,076,432
—
5,092,557
Net loss for the three months ended January 31, 2025
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 5,461,393
)
( 5,461,393
)
Balance at January 31, 2025
5,000,000
$
5,000
360,000
$
360
75,592,158
$
75,592
$
15,250
$
( 13,750
)
$
49,062,408
$
( 50,896,087
)
$
( 1,751,227
)
Regulation D stock issuances
—
—
—
—
4,558,333
4,558
—
—
522,942
—
527,500
Net loss for the three months ended April 30, 2025
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 470,066
)
( 470,066
)
Balance at April 30, 2025
5,000,000
$
5,000
360,000
$
360
80,150,491
$
80,150
$
15,250
$
( 13,750
)
$
49,585,350
$
( 51,366,153
)
$
( 1,693,793
)
Regulation D stock issuances
—
—
—
—
13,190,000
13,190
—
—
380,810
—
394,000
Stock-based compensation
—
—
—
—
2,580,000
2,580
—
—
238,800
—
241,380
Net loss for the three months ended July 31, 2025
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 498,010
)
( 498,010
)
Balance at July 31, 2025
5,000,000
5,000
360,000
360
95,920,491
95,920
15,250
( 13,750
)
50,204,960
( 51,864,163
)
( 1,556,423
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
8
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
For the Nine Months Ended
July 31,
2025
2024
(As Restated)
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Net loss
$
( 6,429,469
)
$
( 1,573,512
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
178,730
127,994
Legal services provided in exchange for convertible note
45,000
—
Loss on fair value of convertible note
15,000
—
Loss on write-off of intangible asset
105,190
—
Stock-based compensation
5,333,937
—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in due from related party
—
56,392
Decrease in accounts payable
( 129,137
)
( 433
)
Decrease in accrued payroll
( 17,762
)
—
Decrease in accrued interest payable
20,569
20,643
Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities, net
115
990
Decrease payroll taxes
—
( 14,802
)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
( 877,827
)
( 1,382,728
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from related party advances
509,000
800,585
Repayment of related party advances
( 378,000
)
—
Proceeds from security deposits
—
100,000
Proceeds from customer deposits
—
99
Proceeds from sale of common stock subscription payable
—
( 14,501
)
Proceeds from sale of common stock
936,500
706,429
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
1,067,500
1,592,612
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of property and equipment
( 177,944
)
( 30,354
)
Purchase of long term asset
—
( 335,772
)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
( 177,944
)
( 366,126
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash
11,729
( 156,242
)
Cash at beginning of period
20,255
235,159
Cash at end of period
$
31,984
$
78,917
Supplemental Disclosure of Interest and Income Taxes Paid:
Interest paid during the period
$
—
$
—
Income taxes paid during the period
$
—
$
—
Supplemental Disclosure for Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Property and equipment acquired through accounts payable
$
398,845
$
—
Common stock cancellation per share exchange agreement
$
( 360,000
)
$
( 10,000
)
Series B preferred stock issuance per exchange agreement
$
360,000
$
—
Record right-to-use asset and lease liability per ASC 842
$
—
$
167,749
Convertible note issued in exchange for legal services, recorded at fair value
$
60,000
$
—
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
9
HNO INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JULY 31, 2025
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
Organization
HNO International, Inc. (the “Company”)
was incorporated in the State of Nevada on May 2, 2005.
The Company specializes in the design, integration,
and development of green hydrogen-based clean energy technologies. The Company is committed to providing scalable products that help businesses
and communities decarbonize, reduce emissions, and cut operational costs. HNO stands for Hydrogen and Oxygen. The Company is at the forefront
of developing innovative solutions, such as the Compact Hydrogen Refueling System (CHRS) and the Compact Hydrogen Production System (CHPS),
which can be used to produce hydrogen for various applications including fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen internal combustion engines,
heating and cooking applications. A CHPS is highly scalable, capable of producing 100-2,000 (or more) kilograms of hydrogen per day for
commercial use in various applications. In addition, the Company develops energy systems that complement the zero-emissions EV infrastructure,
reduce harmful emissions, and cut maintenance costs of commercial diesel fleets. By integrating components from leading industry partners,
the Company aims to transition fossil fuels to cleaner alternatives and promote lower emissions.
NOTE 2 – FINANCIAL STATEMENT RESTATEMENT
In connection with the Company’s re-audit
of its financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2023, the Company’s management, in consultation with its independent
registered public accounting firm, identified corrections to the valuation of service stock issued during the year ended October 31, 2023,
and the termination of the patent agreement entered into on January 24, 2023. The corrections made that impact the condensed financial
statements for the quarter ended July 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:
Stock Price Valuation Adjustment: The valuation of the stock price was adjusted
from $ 0.001 to $ 0.23 and there was an increase in stock-based compensation reflecting the revised valuation of stock.
Equity Adjustments: There was a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital and
an adjustment in the accumulated deficit to reflect the revised stock valuation and related stock-based compensation.
Termination of Patent Purchase Agreement: On March 13, 2025, the Company and
Donald Owens mutually agreed to terminate the Patent Purchase Agreement as of January 24, 2023. As part of the termination, the patents
were returned to Mr. Owens, and the 5,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were canceled. The $ 82,500 value previously reported
in intangible assets and additional paid-in capital was reversed, resulting in a reduction in intangible assets. Additionally, the related
amortization expense of $ 3,176 and the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock were removed from the financial statements.
Reclassification of Expenses: Expenses incurred during the fiscal year ended October 31,
2023, and paid subsequently, have been reclassified to accounts payable as of October 31, 2023. This adjustment ensures that financial
obligations are accurately reported in the period in which they were incurred.
The restatement includes the initial recognition of right-of-use assets and corresponding
lease liabilities on the balance sheet to properly reflect lease accounting in accordance with ASC 842.
These adjustments have been reflected in the restated financial
statements for the quarter ended July 31, 2024.
Impact of the Restatement
The impact of the restatement on the financial statements for the
affected period is presented below. In addition to the below, the related notes to the financial statements have also been adjusted as
appropriate to reflect the impact of the restatement.
10
The impact of the restatement on the relevant line items within the previously
reported Condensed Unaudited Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, previously filed is as follows:
Schedule of statement of operations
Statement of Operations for the three months ended July 31, 2024
As Previously Reported
Adjustment
As Restated
Depreciation and amortization
$
49,964
$
( 1,037
)
$
48,927
Total Operating Expenses
$
490,250
$
( 1,037
)
$
489,213
Loss from Operations
$
( 496,621
)
$
1,037
$
( 495,584
)
Net Loss
$
( 496,621
)
$
1,037
$
( 495,584
)
PER SHARE AMOUNTS
Basic and diluted net loss
per share
$
( 0.00
)
$
—
$
( 0.00
)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
410,591,730
—
410,591,730
Statement of Operations for the nine months ended July 31, 2024
As Previously Reported
Adjustment
As Restated
Operating expenses
General and administrative expenses
$
1,440,197
$
( 18,864
)
$
1,421,333
Depreciation and amortization
$
120,056
$
7,938
$
127,994
Total Operating Expenses
$
1,569,846
$
( 10,926
)
$
1,558,920
Loss from Operations
$
( 1,584,438
)
$
10,926
$
( 1,573,512
)
Net Loss
$
( 1,584,438
)
$
10,926
$
( 1,573,512
)
PER SHARE AMOUNTS
Basic and diluted net loss
per share
$
( 0.00
)
$
—
$
( 0.00
)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
416,515,952
—
416,515,952
The impact of the restatement on the relevant line items within the previously
reported Condensed Unaudited Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, previously
filed is as follows:
Schedule of statement of changes in stockholders deficit
Changes in Statement of Stockholders' Deficit for the three months ended July 31, 2024
As Previously Reported
Adjustment
As Restated
Beginning Additional Paid-in Capital - Balance at April 30, 2024
$
41,291,591
$
390,275
$
41,681,866
Beginning Accumulated Deficit - Balance at April 30, 2024
$
( 42,697,762
)
$
( 476,270
)
$
( 43,174,032
)
Beginning Total Stockholders' Deficit - Balance at April 30, 2024
$
( 920,868
)
$
( 90,995
)
$
( 1,011,863
)
Series A preferred issued pursuant to patent agreement, shares
10,000,000
( 5,000,000
)
5,000,000
Series A preferred issued pursuant to patent agreement, amount
$
10,000
$
( 5,000
)
$
5,000
Net loss for the three months ended July 31, 2024
$
( 496,621
)
$
1,037
$
( 495,584
)
Ending Additional paid in capital - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
41,784,933
$
390,275
$
42,175,208
Ending Accumulated Deficit - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
( 43,194,383
)
$
( 475,233
)
$
( 43,669,616
)
Ending Total Stockholders' Deficit - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
( 984,711
)
$
( 89,958
)
$
( 1,074,669
)
11
Changes in Statement of Stockholders' Deficit for the nine months ended July 31, 2024
As Previously Reported
Adjustment
As Restated
Beginning Additional Paid-in Capital - Balance at October 31, 2023
$
41,079,902
$
390,275
$
41,470,177
Beginning Accumulated Deficit - Balance at October 31, 2023
$
( 41,609,945
)
$
( 486,159
)
$
( 42,096,104
)
Beginning Total Stockholders' Deficit - Balance at October 31, 2023
$
( 92,201
)
( 100,884
)
( 193,085
)
Series A preferred issued pursuant to patent agreement, shares
10,000,000
( 5,000,000
)
5,000,000
Series A preferred issued pursuant to patent agreement, amount
$
10,000
$
( 5,000
)
$
5,000
Net loss for the nine months ended July 31, 2024
$
1,584,438
$
( 10,926
)
$
1,573,512
Ending Additional paid in capital - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
41,784,933
$
390,275
$
42,175,208
Ending Accumulated Deficit - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
( 43,194,383
)
$
( 475,233
)
$
( 43,669,616
)
Ending Total Stockholders' Deficit - Balance at July 31, 2024
$
( 984,711
)
$
( 89,958
)
$
( 1,074,669
)
The impact of the restatement relevant on the
line items within the previously reported Condensed Unaudited Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended July 31, 2024, previously
filed is as follows:
Schedule of statement of cash flows
Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended July 31, 2024
As Previously Reported
Adjustment
As Restated
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Net loss
$
( 1,584,438
)
$
10,926
$
( 1,573,512
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
$
120,056
$
7,938
$
127,994
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase/(Decrease) in accounts payable
$
21,127
$
( 21,560
)
$
( 433
)
Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities, net
$
844
$
146
$
990
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
$
( 1,380,178
)
$
( 2,550
)
$
( 1,382,728
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of property and equipment
$
( 32,904
)
$
2,550
$
( 30,354
)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
$
( 368,676
)
$
2,550
$
( 366,126
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash
$
( 156,242
)
$
—
$
( 156,242
)
Cash at beginning of period
$
235,159
$
—
$
235,159
Cash at end of period
$
78,917
$
—
$
78,917
Supplemental Disclosure for Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Record right-to-use asset and lease liability per ASC 842
$
( 135,875
)
$
( 31,874 )
$
( 167,749
)
12
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed financial statements have
been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), and
pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and reflect all adjustments, consisting
of normal recurring adjustments, which management believes are necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations
and cash flows of the Company for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2025.
Out-of-Period Adjustment
During the nine months ended July
31, 2025, the Company recorded an out-of-period adjustment to write off the full gross amount of a previously capitalized intangible asset
related to the prototype Compact Hydrogen Refueling Station (“CHRS”). The asset was originally recorded at $ 136,725 following
the conversion of a SAFE investment into intellectual property. Upon further evaluation, management determined that the asset did not
meet the criteria for capitalization.
Management evaluated the error,
both qualitatively and quantitatively, and concluded that the adjustment was not material to any prior interim or annual period. The Company
recorded an expense of $ 105,190 , presented as “Loss on write-off of intangible asset” within other expenses for the nine months
ended July 31, 2025. The remaining balance of the gross asset and related accumulated amortization were removed from the balance sheet
as part of the adjustment. The previously recorded amortization from earlier periods was not reversed and remains reported in those respective
periods.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The management makes its best estimate of the outcome for these items based on information
available when the financial statements are prepared.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments
with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of July 31, 2025, and October 31, 2024, the Company did not
hold any investments that qualify as cash equivalents. Therefore, the cash and cash equivalents line item in the balance sheet solely
comprises cash.
The Company maintains its cash balances at financial
institutions, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. While the Company monitors the credit quality of its banking institutions,
cash balances in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits expose the Company to a certain degree of credit
risk in the event of the financial institutions' failure.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based
compensation in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation
(“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires that the cost of equity awards, issued in exchange for services, including those issued to
employees and predominantly to consultants, be measured at the grant-date fair value. The Company does not adhere to a formal
stock-based compensation plan; rather, it issues stock awards on a discretionary basis as part of compensation agreements with
selected employees and consultants. Compensation for stock-based awards is recognized as a non-cash expense on the statement of
operations. The fair value of restricted stock grants is determined using the closing market price on the grant date, adjusted for
an appropriate discount to reflect the restrictions on transferability and marketability of the shares. The discount is calculated
using a weighted average of comparable restricted stock transactions, which better reflects the economic impact of larger issuances
and provides a more accurate representation of fair value under ASC 718. The expense associated with these awards is recorded based
on the fair value on the date of grant, as determined using a pricing model commensurate with the terms of the award. This cost is
recognized over the period during which the award recipient is required to perform services, typically known as the vesting period.
The total compensation cost related to vested stock-based awards is recognized after adjusting for estimated forfeitures at the time
of vesting. The expense related to stock-based compensation is included within the same income statement lines as cash compensation
for the consultants and employees who receive the awards, currently included in general and administrative expenses on the statement
of operations as the Company does not allocate compensation costs to Costs of Goods Sold. As of the report date, the Company has not
established any plans to issue dividends on stock-based awards. Any tax benefits arising from deductions for these awards are
recorded in additional paid-in capital, provided they exceed the cumulative compensation cost recognized.
13
Employee Benefits
During the three months ended July 31, 2025,
the Company paid $ 743 in employer retirement contributions, representing 3 % of semi-monthly payroll for one employee over three pay
periods. These contributions are made in accordance with the terms of the Company’s state-mandated retirement plan for eligible
employees and are recorded as employee benefits expense in the period incurred.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability
method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between
the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws. A valuation
allowance is provided for the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
The Company follows the provisions of
ASC 740, Income Taxes , related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement
process for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects
of a tax position when it is more likely than not that, based on technical merits, the position will be sustained upon examination by
the relevant taxing authorities. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, and does not anticipate
any significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue
from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The standard’s stated core principle is that an entity should recognize
revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity
expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, ASC 606 includes provisions within a five-step
model that includes identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the
transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when, or as, an entity satisfies
a performance obligation.
In certain arrangements where the Company facilitates
the provision of goods or services provided by a third party, and does not take control of those goods or services, revenue is recognized
on a net basis, limited to the margin or fee earned, consistent with the Company’s role as an agent under ASC 606-10-55-36 through
55-40.
During the nine months ended July 31,
2025, the Company recognized $ 43,708 in revenue related to the facilitation of delivery of hydrogen refueling equipment and related services.
Based on its evaluation of the arrangement, the Company determined that it acted as an agent with respect to the facilitation of delivery
of equipment, as it did not obtain control of the goods and the third-party vendor delivered directly to the customer. As a result, revenue
was recognized on a net basis, excluding gross billings and associated third-party costs, in accordance with ASC 606.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per
Common Share
Basic loss per common share is computed by
dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted loss per share is
computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the dilutive effect of shares
issuable as common stock equivalents. As the Company is currently presenting net losses the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
excludes potential common stock equivalents because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
14
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are carried at cost and,
less accumulated depreciation. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are
capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any
resulting gains or losses are included in the statement of operations in the year of disposal. The Company examines the possibility
of decreases in the value of property and equipment when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded
value may not be recoverable.
The Company’s property and equipment consists
of specialized hydrogen equipment, related processing systems, and vehicles. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets. Small equipment is depreciated over 3 years, vehicles are depreciated over 4 years, and large
equipment is depreciated over 7 years.
Schedule of estimated useful lives
Useful life
Small equipment
3 Years
Large equipment
7 Years
Vehicles
4 Years
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine
recoverability of a long-lived asset, management evaluates whether the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from the asset are
less than its carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the long-lived asset would be written down to fair value. Fair value is determined
by an evaluation of available price information at which assets could be bought or sold, including quoted market prices, if available,
or the present value of the estimated future cash flows based on reasonable and supportable assumptions.
Leases
The Company accounts for leases in accordance
with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). At contract inception, the Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease.
Where the Company is the lessee, for each lease with a term greater than twelve months, the Company records a right-of-use asset and lease
liability. A right-of-use asset represents the economic benefit conveyed to the Company by the right to use the underlying asset over
the lease term. A lease liability represents the obligation to make lease payments arising from the use of the asset over the lease term.
As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the lease liability is calculated at lease commencement
as the present value of unpaid lease payments using the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing
rate represents the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized
basis over a similar term and is determined using a portfolio approach based on information available at the commencement date of the
lease. Leases with an initial expected term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the Balance Sheet and the related lease expense is
recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Fair value of financial instruments
The Company’s financial instruments, including
cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates their
fair value, due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments.
The Company’s convertible promissory note issued
on April 7, 2025, is classified as a liability and measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing
Liabilities from Equity , as the instrument requires settlement in a variable number of shares for a fixed monetary amount. The fair
value of the convertible note was determined based on the conversion terms and observable market price of the Company’s common stock.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic
820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the
highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest
priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
·
Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;
·
Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and
·
Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
15
Assets and liabilities measured at fair
value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2025 were as follows:
Schedule of fair value of assets and liabilities
Total
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Liabilities
Convertible note payable
60,000
—
—
60,000
Total liabilities
$
60,000
$
—
$
—
$
60,000
The fair value of the convertible note increased by $ 15
during the three months ended July 31, 2025. This change was recognized as a loss on fair value of convertible note in the condensed statements
of operations.
NOTE 4 – GOING CONCERN
On
July 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $ 51,864,163 . We have not been able to generate sufficient cash from operating activities
to fund our ongoing operations. We will be required to raise additional funds through public or private financing, additional collaborative
relationships, or other arrangements until we are able to raise revenues to a point of positive cash flow. We are evaluating various options
to further reduce our cash requirements to operate at a reduced rate, as well as options to raise additional funds, including obtaining
loans and selling common stock. There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate enough revenue and/or raise capital to support
operations.
Based on the above factors, substantial doubt exists
about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.
The financial statements do not include any adjustments
relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might
be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE
5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and
equipment consisted of the following:
Schedule of property and
equipment
July 31,
2025
October 31,
2024
Vehicles
$ 60,702
$ 60,702
Small equipment
32,943
32,943
Large equipment
1,669,954
1,093,166
Property and Equipment, Gross
$ 1,763,599
$ 1,186,811
Less: Accumulated depreciation
( 363,806 )
( 191,913 )
Property and Equipment, Net
$ 1,399,793
$ 994,898
Depreciation
expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 were $ 171,893 and $ 110,132 respectively.
NOTE 6 – LEASES
Operating leases
The Company has an operating lease agreement for office space in Murrieta,
California, expiring on November 30, 2026.
On November 18, 2020, the Company entered
into a lease commencing on December 1, 2020, and ending on November 30, 2023, for the office spaces located at 41558 Eastman Drive, Suites
B and C, Murrieta, California 92562. The monthly rent was $4,183. Both suites are approximately 2,088 square feet of space. The Company’s
principal executive office is located at 41558 Eastman Drive, Suite B, Murrieta, California 92562. Suite C is utilized for testing and
research equipment.
16
On November 14, 2023, the lease for Suite
B was extended for 36 months to November 30, 2026. The monthly rental amount for Suite B was $2,501 for the period from December 1, 2023,
to November 30, 2024, with an increase to $2,573 for the period from December 1, 2024, to November 30, 2025, and an increase to $2,647
for the period from December 1, 2025, to November 30, 2026.
On January 4, 2024, the lease for Suite
C was extended for 34 months to November 30, 2026. The monthly rental amount for Suite C is $2,434 for the period from February 1, 2024,
to November 30, 2024, with an increase to $2,506 for the period from December 1, 2024, to November 30, 2025, and an increase to $2,555
for the period from December 1, 2025, to November 30, 2026.
The Company determined the above office space leases
and related extensions are classified as operating leases under ASC 842. Therefore, the Company recognized operating lease liabilities with corresponding
Right-Of-Use ("ROU") assets based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such leases .
As the Company’s leases do
not provide an implicit interest rate, the lease liability is calculated at lease commencement as the present value of unpaid lease payments
using the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that the
Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term and is determined
using a portfolio approach based on information available at the commencement date of the lease. As of July 31, 2025, the ROU asset was
$ 79,141 and operating lease liabilities were $ 80,668 . The operating lease liabilities consist of a current portion of $ 59,966 and a non-current
portion of $ 20,702 . The weighted average remaining lease term was 1.33 years and the weighted average discount rate was 4.14 %.
Remaining lease term as of July 31, 2025:
Schedule of remaining lease term
Year
Operating Lease Payment
2025
$ 15,227
2026 and above
65,986
Total Payments
$ 81,213
NOTE 7 – COMMON STOCK
Stock Issued
During the quarter ended January 31, 2024,
the Company issued 74,500 shares of common stock for $ 74,500 in cash under its Regulation A offering, qualified by the SEC on May 3, 2023.
The Company also issued 17,001 Regulation A shares previously classified as common stock payable and sold 51,000 Regulation A shares,
classified as $ 51,000 common stock payable.
During the quarter ended April 30, 2024,
the Company issued 69,400 shares of common stock for $ 69,400 in cash under its Regulation A offering, qualified by the SEC on May 3, 2023.
The Company also issued 51,000 Regulation A shares previously classified as common stock payable and sold 64,250 Regulation A shares,
classified as $ 64,250 common stock payable.
During the quarter
ended January 31, 2025, the Company entered into a Stock Subscription Agreement with accredited investors (under Rule 506 (b) of Regulation
D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). Whereby the Company privately sold a total of 29,293 shares of its common stock for an
aggregate cash purchase price of $ 15,000 . The proceeds from the sale of common stock will be used for operating capital. The shares were
issued as ‘restricted securities’ under Rule 144 of the Securities Act.
During
the quarter ended January 31, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors granted approval for the issuance of 16,125,000 shares of our common
stock valued at $ 5,092,557 , in exchange for services rendered to the Company. These shares were considered "restricted securities"
under Rule 144 and were issued under the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The issuance of these shares resulted
in the recognition of stock-based compensation expense in the accompanying statement of operations.
17
During the quarter ended
April 30, 2025, the Company entered into Stock Subscription Agreements with accredited investors (under Rule 506(b) of Regulation D under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). Whereby the Company privately sold a total of 4,558,333 shares of its common stock, for a cash
purchase price of $ 527,500 . The proceeds from the sale of common stock will be used for operating capital.
During the quarter ended
July 31, 2025, the Company entered into Stock Subscription Agreements with accredited investors (under Rule 506(b) of Regulation D under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). Whereby the Company privately sold a total of 13,190,000 shares of its common stock, for a cash
purchase price of $ 394,000 . The proceeds from the sale of common stock will be used for operating capital.
During
the quarter ended July 31, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors granted approval for the issuance of 2,580,000 shares of our common
stock valued at $ 241,380 , in exchange for services rendered to the Company. These shares were considered "restricted securities"
under Rule 144 and were issued under the exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The issuance of these shares resulted
in the recognition of stock-based compensation expense in the accompanying statement of operations.
Stock
Receivable
As of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024,
the Company issued 13,750 shares of common stock under Regulation A offering to various shareholders that have not yet paid for shares;
therefore, $ 13,750 has been classified as common stock receivable.
Stock Payable
As of July 31, 2025, the Company sold
15,250 shares of common stock under its Regulation A offering to various shareholders that have not yet been issued by the transfer agent;
therefore, $ 15,250 has been classified as common stock payable.
NOTE 8 – PREFERRED STOCK
Series A Preferred Stock
On January 24,
2023, the Company issued 5,000,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock to Donald Owens, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) and Chairman, valued at $ 82,500 for patents. On March 13, 2025, the Company and Mr. Owens mutually agreed to terminate the Patent
Purchase Agreement as of January 24, 2023. As part of the termination, the 5,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were canceled
(see Note 11).
Series B Preferred Stock
On January 2, 2025, the Company entered
into a Share Exchange Agreement with the CEO. Pursuant to the agreement, the CEO exchanged 245,000,000 shares of the Company’s
common stock for 245,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. On January 9, 2025, 245,000,000 shares of common stock
held by Donald Owens were cancelled, and 245,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were issued to Donald Owens.
On January 2, 2025, the Company entered
into a Share Exchange Agreement with HNO Green Fuels, Inc. (“HNO Green Fuels), a related party. Pursuant to the agreement, HNO Green
Fuels exchanged 115,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for 115,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.
On January 9, 2025, 115,000,000 shares of common stock held by HNO Green Fuels, Inc. were cancelled, and 115,000 shares
of Series B Preferred Stock were issued to HNO Green Fuels, Inc.
18
NOTE 9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Notes Payable, Related Party
On December 1, 2021, the Company issued a note
payable in the amount of $ 500,000 to HNO Green Fuels, Inc. (HNO Green Fuels) of which the CEO of the Company is also the Chief
Executive Officer of HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity date of January
1, 2023. During the year ended October 31, 2023, $ 65,000 of principal was repaid. On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into an
extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19,
2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the maturity date to December 31,
2025 , and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 435,000 of principal and $ 6,507 of accrued interest due on this
note.
On May 31, 2022, the Company issued a
note payable in the amount of $ 590,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and has a maturity date of
May 31, 2030. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 590,000 of principal and $ 37,404 of accrued interest due on this note.
On
September 29, 2022, the Company issued a note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of
2 % per annum and had an original maturity date of October 31, 2023 . On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the
promissory note, extending the maturity date to December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed
another extension, further extending the maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is
$ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued interest due on this note.
On October 20, 2022, the Company issued
a note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of November 20, 2023 . On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date
to December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending
the maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On March 1, 2023, the Company issued a
note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of March 1, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to
December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the
maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On March 8, 2023, the Company issued a
note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of March 8, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to
December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the
maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On March 23, 2023, the Company issued
a note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of March 23, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date
to December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending
the maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On April 3, 2023, the Company issued a
note payable in the amount of $ 50,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of April 3, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to
December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the
maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 50,000 of principal and $ 748 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On April 13, 2023, the Company issued
a note payable in the amount of $ 20,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of April 13, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to
December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the
maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 20,000 of principal and $ 299 of accrued
interest due on this note.
On April 17, 2023, the Company issued
a note payable in the amount of $ 30,000 to HNO Green Fuels. This note bears an interest rate of 2 % per annum and had an original maturity
date of April 17, 2024 . On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an extension to the promissory note, extending the maturity date to
December 31, 2024, and waiving all prior defaults. On December 19, 2024, the Company executed another extension, further extending the
maturity date to December 31, 2025, and waiving all prior defaults. At July 31, 2025, there is $ 30,000 of principal and $ 588 of accrued
interest due on this note.
19
As of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024,
these current and long-term notes payable had an aggregate outstanding balance of $ 1,375,000 .
As of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024,
the Company has recorded $ 49,286 and $ 28,718 , respectively in accrued interest in connection with these notes in the accompanying condensed
unaudited financial statements.
Advances from Related Party
During the year ended October 31, 2024,
the Company’s CEO, advanced $ 950,585 to the Company to cover operating expenses.
During the year ended October 31, 2024,
HNO Green Fuels advanced $ 10,000 to the Company to cover operating expenses.
During the nine months ended July 31,
2025, the Company repaid $ 52,000 to Donald Owens as partial repayment of previously advanced funds.
During
the nine months ended July 31, 2025, HNO Green Fuels, advanced $ 183,000 to the Company to cover operating expenses.
These advances are non-interest bearing and due on
demand.
As of July 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024,
related party advances had an outstanding balance of $ 1,091,585 and $ 960,585 , respectively.
NOTE
10 – CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE
On
April 7, 2025, the Company entered into a Legal Services Agreement with Newlan Law Firm, PLLC, pursuant to which the Company issued a
$ 45,000 principal amount convertible promissory note in payment of legal services. This convertible promissory note is convertible any
time beginning 180 days from its issue date, bears interest at 8 % per annum and is due in April 2026. The conversion price under this
convertible promissory note is equal to 75% of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading day immediately preceding
the date of conversion. The convertible note is classified as a liability and measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 480, with
changes in fair value recognized in the condensed statements of operations.
On
the issuance date, April 7, 2025, the Company determined the fair value of the note to be $ 59,985 and recorded the full amount as a liability.
The excess of $ 14,985 over the $ 45,000 principal amount was recognized as a loss on fair value of convertible note in the condensed statements
of operations for the quarter ended April 30, 2025.
As of July
31, 2025, the fair value of the note was remeasured using the closing share price on that date. The resulting increase in fair value of
$ 15 was recognized as a loss on fair value of convertible note in the condensed statements of operations for the three months ended July
31, 2025.
As of July 31, 2025, the
Company would have accrued $ 1,134 in interest based on the 8 % per annum rate applied to the $ 45,000 principal balance. This amount was
not required to be recorded separately due to the fair value measurement of the convertible promissory note.
Following is the maturity schedule for
the Company’s convertible notes payable as of July 31, 2025:
Schedule of maturity convertible notes payable
Fiscal year ended October 31,
Amount Due
2025
$
—
2026
$
45,000
20
NOTE 11 – TERMINATION OF PATENT AGREEMENT
Patent Purchase Agreement
On January 24,
2023, the Company entered into a Patent Purchase Agreement with the Company’s CEO, to acquire several patents related to hydrogen
supplemental systems for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines and a method and apparatus for increasing combustion
efficiency and reducing particulate matter emissions in jet engines. In exchange for these patents, the Company issued 5,000,000 shares
of its Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Owens, valued at $ 82,500 .
Termination of Patent Purchase Agreement
On March 13, 2025, the Company
and Donald Owens mutually agreed to terminate the Patent Purchase Agreement as of January 24, 2023. As part of the termination, the patents
were returned to Mr. Owens, and the 5,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were canceled. See Note 2 – Correction of Previously
Issued Financial Statements. A copy of the Termination Agreement was attached to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit
10.27.
NOTE 12 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent events have been
evaluated through September 12, 2025, which represents the date the financial statements were issued, and no events, other than discussed
below have occurred through that date that would impact the financial statements.
Common
Stock Issued
The Company entered into a Stock Subscription Agreement
with an accredited investors (under Rule 506(b) of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), whereby the Company privately
sold a total of 1,625,000 shares of its common stock, $ 0.001 par value per share (“common stock”), for a cash purchase price
of $ 50,000 . The Company issued 1,000,000 shares on August 13, 2025 and 625,000 on September 5, 2025 as "restricted securities"
under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. The Company intends to use the proceeds for general working capital purposes.
21
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.