Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Certain of our operations are conducted in foreign currencies. Consequently, a portion of our revenues and expenses may be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have not historically hedged our translation risk on foreign currency exposure, but we may do so in the future. For the year ended December 31, 2021, currency exchange rate fluctuations increased our consolidated revenues by approximately $90.7 million and increased our operating income by approximately $38.5 million compared to the prior year, calculated by converting revenues and operating income, respectively, for the current year, excluding revenues and operating income from current year acquisitions, in local currencies using exchange rates for the prior year.
Generally, the functional currency of our various subsidiaries is their local currency. We are exposed to currency fluctuations on transactions that are not denominated in the functional currency. Gains and losses on such transactions are included in determining net income for the period. We seek to mitigate our foreign currency risk through timely settlement of transactions and cash flow matching, when possible. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our transaction gains and losses were insignificant.
Additionally, we are affected by currency fluctuations in our funds settlement process on merchant payment, chargeback and card network settlement transactions that are not denominated in the currency of the underlying credit or debit card transaction. Gains and losses on these transactions are included in revenues for the period.
We are also affected by fluctuations in exchange rates on our investments in foreign operations. Relative to our net investment in foreign operations, the assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is a foreign currency are translated at the period-end rate of exchange. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income and is included in shareholders' equity. Transaction gains and losses on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature are also recorded as a component of other comprehensive income.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates on certain of our long-term borrowings and cash investments. We invest our excess cash in securities that we believe are highly liquid and marketable in the short term. These investments earn a floating rate of interest and are not held for trading or other speculative purposes.
We have a senior unsecured $2.0 billion term loan facility and a senior unsecured $3.0 billion revolving credit facility, as well as various lines of credit that we use to fund settlement in certain of our markets, each of which bears interest at rates that are based on market rates and fluctuate accordingly. As of December 31, 2021, the amount outstanding under these variable-rate debt arrangements and settlement lines of credit was $2.5 billion.
The interest earned on our invested cash and the interest paid on a portion of our debt are based on variable interest rates; therefore, the exposure of our net income to a change in interest rates is partially mitigated as an increase in rates would increase both interest income and interest expense, and a reduction in rates would decrease both interest income and interest expense. Under our current policies, we may selectively use derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps or forward rate agreements, to manage all or a portion of our exposure to interest rate changes. We have entered into interest rate swaps that reduce a portion of our exposure to market interest rate risk on certain of our variable-rate debt as discussed in "Note 8—Long-Term Debt and Lines of Credit" in the notes to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Based on balances outstanding under variable-rate debt agreements and invested cash balances at December 31, 2021, a hypothetical increase of 50 basis points in applicable interest rates as of December 31, 2021 would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $5.6 million and increase our annual interest income by approximately $1.5 million.
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A portion of our indebtedness bears interest at a variable rate based on the USD London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Furthermore, we have entered into hedging instruments to manage our exposure to fluctuations in the USD LIBOR benchmark interest rate. To facilitate an orderly transition from USD LIBOR to alternative benchmark rates, the Company established an initiative led by internal subject matter experts to assess and mitigate risks associated with the discontinuance of USD LIBOR. We continue to monitor developments related to the anticipated transition from USD LIBOR to an alternative benchmark reference rate and evaluate the related risks in connection with transitioning contracts to a new alternative rate, which primarily include loan interest payments and amounts received and paid on interest rate swaps. Additionally, we maintain contact with our lenders and other stakeholders to evaluate the potential effects of these changes on any future financing activities. While we currently expect certain USD LIBOR benchmark rates to be available until June 30, 2023, it is possible that USD LIBOR will become unavailable prior to that time. This could result, for example, if sufficient banks decline to make submissions to the LIBOR administrator. In that case, the risks associated with the transition to an alternative reference rate will be accelerated.
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