Greenwich LifeSciences, Inc. 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-Q (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39555 GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. (Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20-5473709 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 3992 Bluebonnet Dr. , Building 14 , Stafford , Texas 77477 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (832) 819-3232 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Title of each class: Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered: Common Stock GLSI Nasdaq Capital Market Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of August 15, 2023, the issuer had 12,848,165 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. Table of Contents Page PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3 Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 3 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) 3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) 6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 7 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 9 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 11 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 12 PART II OTHER INFORMATION 12 Item 1. Legal Proceedings 12 Item 1A. Risk Factors 12 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 12 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 12 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 12 Item 5. Other Information 12 Item 6: Exhibits 13 SIGNATURES 14 - 2 - PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022 (UNAUDITED) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets Current assets Cash $ 10,944,242 $ 13,468,026 Non-current assets Acquired patents, net 7,197 9,003 Total assets $ 10,951,439 $ 13,477,029 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable & accrued interest $ 300,463 $ 220,845 Unreimbursed expenses 1,083 42,060 Total current liabilities 301,546 262,905 Total liabilities 301,546 262,905 Stockholders’ equity Common stock, $ 0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 12,848,165 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 12,848 12,848 Additional paid-in capital 55,863,086 54,674,042 Accumulated deficit ( 45,226,041 ) ( 41,472,766 ) Total stockholders’ equity 10,649,893 13,214,124 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 10,951,439 $ 13,477,029 See accompanying notes to unaudited financial statements. - 3 - GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenue $ — $ — $ — $ — Operating expenses Research and development 1,379,567 633,250 3,207,474 2,294,071 General and administrative 368,259 140,057 781,434 468,439 Total operating expenses 1,747,826 773,307 3,988,908 2,762,510 Loss from operations ( 1,747,826 ) ( 773,307 ) ( 3,988,908 ) ( 2,762,510 ) Interest Income 119,453 27,234 235,633 46,809 Net loss $ ( 1,628,373 ) $ ( 746,073 ) $ ( 3,753,275 ) $ ( 2,715,701 ) Per share information: Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ ( 0.13 ) $ ( 0.06 ) $ ( 0.29 ) $ ( 0.21 ) Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 12,848,165 12,923,434 12,848,165 13,091,915 See accompanying notes to unaudited financial statements. - 4 - GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED) Shares Par Amount Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock Additional Total Shares Par Amount Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Stockholders’ Equity Balances, December 31, 2021 13,147,829 $ 13,148 $ 60,466,093 $ ( 33,647,529 ) $ 26,831,712 Stock-based compensation 73,452 74 165,193 — 165,267 Repurchase of common stock via stock buy back program, net of costs ( 269,828 ) ( 270 ) ( 5,513,441 ) — ( 5,513,711 ) Net loss — — — ( 1,969,628 ) ( 1,969,628 ) Balances, March 31, 2022 12,951,453 $ 12,952 $ 55,117,845 $ ( 35,617,157 ) $ 19,513,640 Stock-based compensation 73,356 73 224,430 — 224,503 Repurchase of common stock via stock buy back program, net of costs ( 250,000 ) ( 250 ) ( 2,022,255 ) — ( 2,022,505 ) Net loss — — — ( 746,073 ) ( 746,073 ) Balances, June 30, 2022 12,774,809 $ 12,775 $ 53,320,020 $ ( 36,363,230 ) $ 16,969,565 Balances, December 31, 2022 12,848,165 $ 12,848 $ 54,674,042 $ ( 41,472,766 ) $ 13,214,124 Stock-based compensation — — 594,522 — 594,522 Net loss — — — ( 2,124,902 ) ( 2,124,902 ) Balances, March 31, 2023 12,848,165 $ 12,848 $ 55,268,564 $ ( 43,597,668 ) $ 11,683,744 Balances 12,848,165 $ 12,848 $ 55,268,564 $ ( 43,597,668 ) $ 11,683,744 Stock-based compensation — — 594,522 — 594,522 Net loss — — — ( 1,628,373 ) ( 1,628,373 ) Balances, June 30, 2023 12,848,165 $ 12,848 $ 55,863,086 $ ( 45,226,041 ) $ 10,649,893 Balances 12,848,165 $ 12,848 $ 55,863,086 $ ( 45,226,041 ) $ 10,649,893 See accompanying notes to unaudited financial statements. - 5 - GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED) 2023 2022 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 Operating activities: Net loss $ ( 3,753,275 ) $ ( 2,715,701 ) Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Amortization 1,806 1,806 Stock-based compensation 1,189,044 389,770 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts Payable 79,618 — Unreimbursed expenses (accrued) ( 40,977 ) ( 156,038 ) Net cash used in operating activities ( 2,523,784 ) ( 2,480,163 ) Financing activities: Repurchase of common stock via stock buy back program, net of costs — ( 7,536,216 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities — ( 7,536,216 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash ( 2,523,784 ) ( 10,016,379 ) Cash, beginning of period 13,468,026 27,204,269 Cash, end of period $ 10,944,242 $ 17,187,890 See accompanying notes to unaudited financial statements. - 6 - GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 1. Organization and Description of the Business Greenwich LifeSciences, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2006 under the name Norwell, Inc. In March 2018, Norwell, Inc. changed its name to Greenwich LifeSciences, Inc. In February 2023, Greenwich LifeSciences Europe Limited was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary in Ireland. The Company is developing a breast cancer immunotherapy focused on preventing the recurrence of breast cancer following surgery. 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto of the Company contained elsewhere herein. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Notes to the financial statements that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 as reported in the Company’s Form 10-K have been omitted. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02-Leases (Topic 842), which significantly amends the way companies are required to account for leases. Under the updated leasing guidance, some leases that did not have to be reported previously are now required to be presented as an asset and liability on the balance sheet. In addition, for certain leases, what was previously classified as an operating expense must now be allocated between amortization expense and interest expense. The Company elected to adopt this update using the modified retrospective transition method and prior periods have not been restated. The current monthly rent is approximately $ 2,555 . The month-to-month sub-lease is from a related party and the underlying lease expires in May of 2024. Any right of use asset and liability is deemed to be nominal as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Basic and Diluted Loss per Share Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is antidilutive. During periods of net loss, all common stock equivalents related to options and warrants outstanding of 20,174 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 are excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because they are antidilutive. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. The Company determined that the update applied to trade receivables, but that there was no material impact to the consolidated financial statements from the adoption of ASU 2016-13. - 7 - 3. Related Party Transactions Unreimbursed expenses have been accrued and incurred by management, which total $ 1,083 as of June 30, 2023 and $ 42,060 as of December 31, 2022. 4. Commitments and Contingencies License Obligation, Legal Expenses, and Manufacturing Agreements The Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with The Henry M. Jackson Foundation (“HJF”) in April 2009, as amended, pursuant to which it acquired exclusive marketing rights to GP2, the Company’s product candidate. In consideration for such licensed rights, the Company issued HJF 202,619 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $ 0.267 per share, which is amortized over 15 years at $ 3,607 per year. Pursuant to the exclusive license agreement, the Company is required to pay an annual maintenance fee, milestone payments and royalty payments based on sales of GP2 and to reimburse HJF for patent expenses related to GP2. The Company currently depends on third-party contract manufacturers for all required raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and finished product candidate for the Company’s clinical trials. Accounts payable includes accrued interest obligations to HJF which total $ 220,845 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Legal Proceedings From time to time, the Company may be involved in disputes, including litigation, relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business. Any of these claims could subject the Company to costly legal expenses and, while management generally believes that there will be adequate insurance to cover different liabilities at such time the Company becomes a public company and commences clinical trials, the Company’s future insurance carriers may deny coverage or policy limits may be inadequate to fully satisfy any damage awards or settlements. If this were to happen, the payment of any such awards could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial position. Additionally, any such claims, whether or not successful, could damage the Company’s reputation and business. The Company is currently not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position. 5. Stockholders’ Equity As of June 30, 2023, 893,181 shares of the 908,362 shares of the common stock grant, which includes an additional grant of 120 shares issued during the vesting period due to rounding up of fractional shares, had vested at approximately $ 2,009,657 value and 15,181 shares remain unvested and unrecognized at approximately $ 34,157 value. There were no shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023. On January 23, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized the Company’s management to implement a stock repurchase program for up to $ 10 million of the Company’s common stock at any time. The term of the Board of Directors authorization of the repurchase program ended on March 31, 2023. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and will be funded using the Company’s working capital. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately 519,828 shares of the Company’s common stock has been repurchased and cancelled at an aggregate purchase price, including all transactions costs, of approximately $ 7,536,216 . There were no shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2023 . On January 23, 2022, the Board of Directors extended the lock-up of the shares owned by the Company’s directors, officers, and existing pre-IPO investors to March 24, 2023 (30 months from date of the Company’s IPO) from March 24, 2022 (18 months from date of the Company’s IPO). On November 30, 2022, the Board of Directors further extended the lock-up of the shares owned by the Company’s directors, officers, and existing pre-IPO investors to December 31, 2023 (approximately 39 months from date of the Company’s IPO) from March 24, 2023 (30 months from date of the Company’s IPO). During this period, current officers, directors and certain shareholders will not be able to sell their shares of the Company’s common stock unless otherwise modified by the Board of Directors . Warrants At June 30, 2023, outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock were as follows with an aggregate intrinsic value as of June 30, 2023 of $ 49,678 based on the June 30, 2023 closing share price of $ 9.65 : Schedule of Outstanding Warrants Shares Underlying Outstanding Exercise Expiration Warrants Price (1) Date (1) 20,174 $ 7.1875 September 24, 2025 20,174 (1) The warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during a period commencing March 24, 2021 and expiring September 24, 2025 . The exercise price of the warrants is $ 7.1875 per share or $ 6.9718 per share if the warrants are exercised for cash within the first six months of the period in which they are exercisable. Options On June 22, 2022, prior to the close of the Nasdaq market, 1,498,128 shares of common stock were granted to employees, consultants, and directors issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan at an exercise price of $ 7.63 per share, which was the most recent prior closing share price on June 21, 2022. The options had a fair value on the grant date of $ 9,512,356 , based on a risk-free rate of 3.2 % and an annualized volatility of 106 %, of which $ 2,437,540 was expensed through June 30, 2023 and $ 7,074,816 will be expensed in the future if and as vesting occurs. Vesting will be based on time of service over a four year period and certain additional performance milestones for senior management, primarily related to the Phase III clinical trial. - 8 - ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Forward-Looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. In addition, our business and financial performance may be affected by the factors that are discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 31, 2023. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The following discussion and analysis is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management. Overview We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of GP2, an immunotherapy to prevent breast cancer recurrences in patients who have previously undergone surgery. GP2 is a 9 amino acid transmembrane peptide of the HER2/ neu protein, a cell surface receptor protein that is expressed in a variety of common cancers, including expression in 75% of breast cancers at low (1+), intermediate (2+), and high (3+ or over-expressor) levels. The combination of GP2 + GM-CSF is called GLSI-100. In a completed randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-center Phase IIb clinical trial led by MD Anderson Cancer Center, no recurrences were observed in patients treated with GLSI-100 in the HER2/ neu 3+ adjuvant setting after median 5 years of follow-up, if the patients were treated, followed, and remained disease free over the first 6 months, which is the time required to reach peak immunity and thus maximum efficacy and protection (p = 0.0338). For the 146 patients who have been treated with GLSI-100 to date over 4 clinical trials, treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed related to the immunotherapy. We have commenced Flamingo-01, a Phase III clinical trial with Baylor College of Medicine as the global primary investigator site. Flamingo-01 is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLSI-100 in HER2 /neu positive patients with residual disease or high-risk pathologic complete response at surgery and who have completed both neoadjuvant and postoperative adjuvant trastuzumab based treatment. To date, we have not generated any revenue and we have incurred net losses. Our net losses were approximately $7.8 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $3.8 million and $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our net losses have resulted from costs incurred in developing the drug in our pipeline, planning and preparing for clinical trials and general and administrative activities associated with our operations. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and corresponding increased operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to develop our pipeline. Our costs may further increase as we conduct clinical trials and seek regulatory approval for and prepare to commercialize our product candidate. We expect to incur significant expenses to continue to build the infrastructure necessary to support our expanded operations, clinical trials, commercialization, including manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution functions. We will also experience increased costs associated with operating as a public company. - 9 - Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $746,317 or 118%, to $1,379,567 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $633,250 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in compensation, clinical, and manufacturing expenses. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses in creased by $228,202, or 163%, to $368,259 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $140,057 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of an in crease in compensation, financing, and corporate expenses. Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $913,403, or 40%, to $3,207,474 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $2,294,071 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in compensation, clinical, and manufacturing expenses. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $312,995, or 67%, to $781,434 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $468,439 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in compensation, financing, and corporate expenses. Liquidity and Capital Resources Since our inception in 2006, we have devoted most of our cash resources to research and development and general and administrative activities. We have not yet achieved commercialization of our product and have a cumulative net loss from our operations. We will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. Our financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. We will require additional capital to meet our long-term operating requirements. We expect to raise additional capital through the sale of equity and/or debt securities; however, there is no assurance that we will be successful at raising additional capital in the future. If our plans are not achieved and/or if significant unanticipated events occur, we may have to further modify our business plan, which may require us to raise additional capital. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our principal source of liquidity was our cash, which totaled $10,944,242 and $13,468,026, respectively, and additional loans and accrued unreimbursed expenses from related parties. Historically, our principal sources of cash have included proceeds from the sale of common stock and preferred stock and related party loans. Our principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations. We expect that the principal uses of cash in the future will be for continuing operations, funding of research and development, including our clinical trials, and general working capital requirements. The Company’s existing cash resources are expected to provide sufficient funds to carry the Company’s planned operations over the next 12 months from the date these financial statements were issued. Cash Flow Activities for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 We incurred net losses of $3,753,275 and $2,715,701 during the six month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in compensation, clinical, manufacturing, financing, and corporate expenses. Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities was $2,523,784 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and $2,480,163 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Investing Activities We did not use or generate cash from investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022. - 10 - Financing Activities We used a total of $0 and $7,536,216 cash for the stock buy back program, net of costs, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Contractual Obligations and Commitments As of June 30, 2023, we did not have any material contractual obligations, other than employment and shareholder agreements, license for GP2 from HJF, and manufacturing and clinical trial obligations related to the planned Phase III clinical trial. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of June 30, 2023, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as described by Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which require the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses in the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and the COVID-19 control responses. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023. The Company determined that the update applied to trade receivables, but that there was no material impact to the consolidated financial statements from the adoption of ASU 2016-13. From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Board or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption. JOBS Act On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have chosen to take advantage of the extended transition periods available to emerging growth companies under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies provided under the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions, including, without limitation, (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of our initial public offering; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are not required to provide the information required under this Item 3. - 11 - ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer has concluded that as of June 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date as a result of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting due to inadequate segregation of duties within account processes due to limited personnel and insufficient written policies and procedures for accounting, IT and financial reporting and record keeping. Under the direction of our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we are developing a plan to remediate the material weaknesses. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. PART II. OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS From time to time, we may be subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS None . ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES None. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of GLSI securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.” - 12 - ITEM 6. EXHIBITS Exhibit Number Description of Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act. 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 is formatted in Inline XBRL - 13 - SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. GREENWICH LIFESCIENCES, INC. August 21, 2023 By: /s/ Snehal Patel Snehal Patel Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) - 14 -