Item 1. Business
Item 1. Business
Overview
Evercore is the leading independent investment banking advisory firm in the world based on the dollar volume of announced worldwide merger and acquisition ("M&A") transactions on which we have advised in the last five years (1) . When we use the term "independent investment banking advisory firm," we mean an investment banking firm that directly, or through its affiliates, does not engage in commercial banking or significant proprietary trading activities. We were founded on the belief that there is an opportunity within the investment banking industry for a firm free of the potential conflicts of interest created within large, multi-product capital intensive financial institutions. We believe that maintaining standards of excellence and integrity in our core businesses demands a spirit of cooperation and hands-on participation more commonly found in smaller organizations. Since our inception, we have set out to build—in the employees we choose and in the projects we undertake—an organization dedicated to the highest caliber of professionalism and integrity.
We operate globally through our two business segments: (i) Investment Banking & Equities, and (ii) Investment Management. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we renamed our "Investment Banking" segment to "Investment Banking & Equities." The renaming of this segment did not result from changes to the overall business structure or reporting.
Investment Banking & Equities
Our Investment Banking & Equities segment includes our investment banking business and our equities business. In 2022, our Investment Banking & Equities segment generated $2.722 billion, or 98% of our revenues, excluding Other Revenue, net, ($3.205 billion, or 98%, in 2021 and $2.238 billion, or 98%, in 2020) and earned 651 fees from clients for advisory and underwriting transactions.
As we begin the year in 2023, our Investment Banking & Equities segment has 130 (2) Advisory Senior Managing Directors and 39 Equities Senior Managing Directors with expertise and client relationships in a wide variety of industry sectors and a broad geographic reach.
Investment Banking
Our investment banking business provides strategic advisory, private capital advisory and fundraising, private capital markets and debt advisory and equity capital markets services. Through this business, we provide clients with differentiated strategic and tactical advice, as well as execution to financial sponsors and both public and private companies across a broad range of industry sectors and geographies. We help our clients identify and pursue strategic priorities, devise strategies to enhance shareholder value, and develop new ideas and deeper perspective to achieve their goals. We also serve as a leading advisor to clients on many of the largest and most complex capital transactions in the global capital markets. Our flexible and integrated teams develop trust with clients by focusing on their objectives. Functionally, we can act as an independent advisor, capital placement agent, or underwriter based on each client's circumstances and preferences.
• Strategic Advisory . We provide advisory services on a full range of matters, including mergers, sales, acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, joint ventures, strategic, defense and shareholder advisory, divestitures, liability management and other restructurings.
• Mergers and Acquisitions . In advising companies on mergers, sales, or acquisitions, we evaluate potential targets and acquirers, provide valuation analyses, and evaluate and propose financial and strategic alternatives. We provide boards and management teams with independent judgment and deep expertise as they navigate their most important transactions and strategic decisions. We also advise as to the timing, structure, financing and pricing of a proposed transaction, as well as assist in negotiating and closing the deal.
• Strategic, Defense and Shareholder Advisory . Our extensive experience, insights into activist tactics, expertise in assisting companies with shareholder engagement and innovative defense strategies are instrumental in helping clients prepare for, avoid, and, if required, defend against activist investors and hostile takeover attempts. In public company situations, our strategic shareholder advice is an integral part of our practice and is a decisive edge for clients seeking to obtain shareholder support for their transactions.
(1) Based on Refinitiv data
(2) Senior Managing Director headcount as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to include one additional Advisory Senior Managing Director committed to join in the first quarter of 2023.
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• Special Committee Assignments . We have a leading special committee practice, which is driven by, and exemplifies, our overall commitment to independence, discretion, objectivity, and the delivery of unconflicted advice. Our team has a long history of providing impartial advice to special committees and assisting them to meet fiduciary duties and obligations in significant situations.
• Transaction Structuring . We provide integrated advice in connection with the structuring of public and private transactions - including mergers, spin-offs, sales, joint ventures, and capital markets offerings - intended to optimize tax, accounting, and other objectives of the deal.
• Restructuring . We provide independent financial restructuring advice to companies, creditors, shareholders, and other stakeholders, both in-and out-of-court. We specialize in providing critical and unbiased advice to clients on complex, balance sheet issues and transformational situations.
• Private Capital Advisory and Fundraising . Through our Private Capital Advisory ("PCA"), Private Funds Group ("PFG") and Real Estate Capital Advisory ("RECA") teams, we advise managers of private assets – private equity, private debt, real estate, infrastructure and others – seeking to recapitalize or liquidate their assets through a privately negotiated transaction (e.g. fund sales, asset refinancing and fund recapitalizations or continuation funds). We also provide comprehensive global advisory and distribution services on capital raising for these managers and/or select private fund sponsors, advising and executing on the fundraising process, including competitive positioning and market assessment, preparation of marketing materials, investor development and documentation.
• Private Capital Markets and Debt Advisory . We provide corporate finance advisory services, including advisory services relating to private credit, growth equity and structured equity. This includes structuring and executing private market transactions for public and private corporate clients who require direct private equity, credit, or hybrid financing solutions. We also provide independent advice to corporate clients on debt capital markets products globally and, in conjunction with our Market Risk Management and Hedging team, on associated market-related risks and hedging.
• Equity Capital Markets . We provide equity capital markets execution and advisory services. Our team provides its clients with execution expertise, independent advice, experienced judgment and key insights on capital formation and capital markets transactions. Our Equity Capital Markets team has the flexibility to engage with our corporate and financial sponsor clients in an underwriting or advisory capacity.
Equities
In our Equities business, our experienced research, sales and trading professionals deliver superior client service on a content-led platform, striving to be the best independent resource for equity and macroeconomic research to support our institutional investor clients.
• Research . Evercore ISI was recognized as the top ranked independent firm by Institutional Investor in 2022. We also ranked #1 for analysts among all firms on a weighted basis.
• Sales . Our sales team delivers research-centric service to more than 1,300 institutional clients in the U.S. and abroad. The team provides access to our macro and fundamental research products and our dedicated sales specialists provide unique sector insights.
• Trading . Our equities trading professionals engage primarily in agency-only transactions, free of the potential conflicts of interest created by proprietary trading. Our team provides seamless execution, placing our clients’ interests first and executing transactions with efficiency, objectivity and discretion.
• Corporate Access . Our corporate access team develops strategic connectivity between company management and investors to maximize the impact of roadshows, field trips, sector and macro strategy conferences.
Other
Our Investment Banking & Equities segment also includes interests in Luminis Partners ("Luminis") and Seneca Advisors LTDA ("Seneca Evercore"), which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Luminis is an independent corporate advisory firm based in Australia and Seneca Evercore is an independent corporate advisory firm based in Brazil.
We maintain a strategic alliance relationship with an independent strategic advisory firm in Mexico founded by certain former employees. We also maintain strategic alliances in India and South Korea.
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Investment Management
Our Investment Management segment includes wealth management and trust services through Evercore Wealth Management L.L.C. ("EWM"), as well as private equity through investments in entities that manage private equity funds. In 2022, our Investment Management segment generated revenue of $64.5 million, or 2% of our revenues, excluding Other Revenue, net ($65.8 million, or 2%, in 2021 and $54.4 million, or 2%, in 2020).
• Evercore Wealth Management and Evercore Trust Company. Our U.S.-based Evercore Wealth Management serves high-net-worth individuals, foundations and endowments. Clients at EWM and our affiliated trust company, Evercore Trust Company, N.A. ("ETC"), work directly with dedicated teams of independent thinkers to manage complex wealth and focus on delivering tangible results. As of December 31, 2022, EWM had $10.5 billion of assets under management ("AUM").
• Investments in Affiliates. We also hold interests in ABS Investment Management Holdings LP and ABS Investment Management GP LLC (collectively, "ABS") and Atalanta Sosnoff Capital, LLC ("Atalanta Sosnoff") that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. ABS is an institutionally focused hedge fund-of-funds manager and Atalanta Sosnoff manages large-capitalization U.S. equity and balanced products. We also hold certain interests in entities that manage private equity funds and in the funds they manage. On March 28, 2022, we sold a portion of our interests in ABS, resulting in a reduction of our ownership percentage from 46% to 26%.
• The Investment Management segment also includes the historical results of Evercore Casa de Bolsa, S.A. de C.V. ("ECB"), which was sold in 2020.
Our Strategies for Growth
We intend to continue to grow and diversify our businesses, and to further enhance our profile and competitive position, through the following strategies:
• Add and Promote Highly Qualified Professionals in our Investment Banking & Equities segment . We intend to continue to promote our most talented professionals in the future, as well as to recruit and promote high-caliber strategic corporate, strategic and capital markets advisory and equity research professionals to add depth in industry sectors and products and services in areas that we believe we already have strength, to extend our reach to sectors or new business lines, product capabilities and geographies that we have identified as particularly attractive and to expand and enhance our client base and coverage model. We hired seven new Senior Managing Directors in 2022, strengthening our capabilities in Equity Capital Markets, Private Capital Markets and Debt Advisory and Placement, as well as strengthening our coverage in the Technology sector and expanding our geographic reach. We also hired one new Advisory Senior Managing Director in January 2023 committed to join in the first quarter of 2023. Of equal importance, following our long-term strategy of developing internal talent, we also promoted 17 Advisory Managing Directors to Senior Managing Director and one Equities Managing Director to Senior Managing Director in 2022. Additionally, in January 2023, we announced the promotion of seven Advisory Managing Directors to Senior Managing Director, one Equities Managing Director to Senior Managing Director and three Managing Directors to Partner in our EWM business. On occasion, additions of professionals may result from the acquisition of boutique independent advisory firms with leading professionals in a market or sector.
• Achieve Organic Growth and Improved Profitability in our Investment Management segment . We are focused on managing our current Investment Management business effectively. We also continue to selectively evaluate opportunities to expand Wealth Management.
Human Capital Management
We are a human capital intensive business and our long-term success is dependent on the number, quality and performance of our people. Our key human capital management objectives are to attract, develop, mentor, promote and retain the most talented professionals in our industry. To support these objectives, we invest substantial time and resources toward the recruitment and retention of people who will adhere to our Core Values (Client Focus, Integrity, Excellence, Respect, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, Investment in People, Partnership) and improve our business. We also reward and support employees through competitive pay and benefits programs; facilitate the professional development of our employees through our talent development programs; and promote a strong culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion throughout our organization.
With these guiding principles, our Human Capital Group leads our efforts on employment-related matters, including recruiting and hiring, onboarding and training, benefits management, compensation planning, performance management and
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professional development. Our Board of Directors and its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee provide oversight on certain human capital matters as well, including our Diversity, Equity and Inclusion ("DE&I") initiatives.
Some examples of our programs, initiatives and efforts to attract, develop, mentor, promote and retain the most talented professionals in our industry include:
• Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: DE&I is a major focus of our senior management and Board of Directors. Promoting diversity, equity and inclusion throughout the organization is not only the right thing to do, but it improves our culture and performance, allowing us to better serve our clients and grow our business over the long term. We believe in empowering our people to thrive by maintaining a culture of inclusion that embraces diversity and creates opportunity for all employees. We continue to make progress in accomplishing our DE&I objectives, and are committed to working diligently and transparently with our key stakeholders, including our employees, as we continue to execute on our objectives. We are focused on the following DE&I objectives:
◦ KNOWLEDGE
▪ Building DE&I knowledge and understanding of key DE&I issues across the organization
◦ REPRESENTATION
▪ Increasing representation and promoting greater diversity of backgrounds within Evercore across all levels
◦ BELONGING AND ALLYSHIP
▪ Cultivating an inclusive environment where active allyship prevails and all professionals feel supported and fully integrated into the firm
◦ MERITOCRACY
▪ Strengthening our meritocracy to be experienced similarly among all employees, with equitable access to career and development opportunities
◦ ACCOUNTABILITY
▪ Cultivating broad accountability for driving DE&I progress and ensuring behaviors support DE&I goals
We execute on these objectives through a variety of initiatives, including:
◦ Recruiting and Representation
▪ We maintain an internal diversity recruiting team, which has supplemented our campus recruiting strategy to increase diversity in our talent pipeline, through outreach at HBCUs/HSIs and diversity-specific recruiting events.
▪ We have partnerships with external diversity organizations.
▪ We offer scholarships to select diversity candidates.
▪ We have added four new independent directors to our Board since 2018 – three of whom are women, and one of whom is also a person of color. Currently, 44% of our independent directors are women.
◦ Education and Training
▪ We provide formal training and mentorship programs for underrepresented employees and conduct trainings for our employees on DE&I issues.
▪ Our diversity networks have hosted events and programs for their members and allies, including several events with prominent leaders outside of and within our own organization.
◦ Building an Inclusive Culture
▪ We maintain a Global Diversity Council, whose membership includes the heads of each of the firm’s employee-led diversity networks, to help build connectivity, create community and advance the firm’s culture of inclusion:
◦ U.S. Women’s Network
◦ EMEA Women's Network
◦ U.S. Traditionally Underrepresented Minorities Network
◦ U.S. EverProud Network
◦ EMEA LGBTQIA+ Network
◦ U.S. Evercore Veterans Network
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◦ Accountability
▪ Diversity recruiting efforts are regularly reviewed by senior management.
◦ We analyze pay equity information throughout the organization.
◦ We continue to regularly share progress on DE&I initiatives and results, including at firm-wide town-halls and with the Board of Directors.
• Talent Development: We are committed to the professional development of our employees.
◦ Our training framework involves ongoing development at multiple stages of our employees’ career, including on-the-job training and mentorship.
◦ Our senior professionals play a central role in presenting our training and development programs, including our M&A Black Belt program, and other sector and business appropriate training programs.
◦ We also engage in a comprehensive evaluation process designed to provide our employees with the feedback necessary for their professional development.
◦ We conduct employee surveys and implement feedback into our policies and procedures.
• Health, Safety, Wellness and Benefits: The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our people. Accordingly, we are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees.
◦ We provide our employees and their families with access to a variety of innovative, flexible and convenient health and wellness programs, as described below. These programs support our employees’ physical, mental and financial health by providing tools and resources to help improve or maintain their health status and offer choice, where possible, so that our employees can customize their benefits to meet their needs.
◦ To advance our diversity, equity and inclusion objectives, we have expanded our benefits package to include additional women’s, LBGTQ+ and family support benefits.
◦ In our major offices, our benefits for eligible employees include the following:
▪ Medical, prescription drug, dental and vision insurance
▪ Life and disability insurance
▪ Enhanced healthcare navigation and claims advocacy services
▪ Women’s and family healthcare services
▪ Fertility, adoption and surrogacy assistance
▪ Flexible work arrangements
▪ Back-up child, adult, elder and pet care
▪ Caregiver support services
▪ Employee assistance program
▪ Retirement benefits
▪ Commuter benefits
▪ Health club membership discounts
▪ Identity theft protection
▪ Paid holidays, vacation days, personal days and sick days
▪ Paid parental, marriage, caregiver and bereavement leave
▪ Other corporate benefits
◦ We promote wellness education and encourage our employees to take a mindful and active approach to their overall well-being, including through our EverWELL program. We offer various resources and seminars related to different aspects of healthy living, including a focus on employees’ health, welfare, nutrition, stress management and financial wellness.
• Compensation Structure: Our compensation structure, including our comprehensive benefit package, is designed to attract, motivate and retain highly talented employees.
◦ We have consistently sought to closely align pay with performance. Through our broad-based equity program, we have used equity compensation to create a close alignment of interests between our shareholders and employees.
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• Community: We have also encouraged, supported and assisted our employees in having a positive impact on the communities in which we operate and serve.
◦ Through our Evercore Volunteers program, we have continued our firm-wide community service initiatives, which connect our employees with our community partners in order to address immediate needs, support education and improve public spaces.
◦ During 2022, the Evercore Foundation contributed to organizations that align with its goal of supporting education, healthcare, mental health and critical social services for children and underrepresented groups in the communities in which we live and work.
As of December 31, 2022, we employed approximately 2,120 people (of which approximately 1,700 were employed in Investment Banking & Equities), working in 29 cities around the world. Our global workforce is comprised of approximately 99% full-time and 1% part-time employees. Nearly 1,600 of our employees were employed in the United States (of which approximately 1,200 were employed in Investment Banking & Equities); the remainder were employed outside the United States, primarily in our Investment Banking & Equities segment. We believe our efforts in managing our workforce have been effective, evidenced by our strong culture, talent development and employee retention.
Competition
The financial services industry is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so. Our competitors are other investment banking, financial advisory and investment management firms. We compete both globally and on a regional, product or niche basis. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including transaction execution skills, investment performance, quality of equity research, our range of products and services, innovation, reputation and price.
Our investment banking competitors can be categorized into two main groups: (1) large universal banks and bulge bracket firms such as Bank of America, Barclays, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and UBS and (2) independent advisory firms such as Centerview, Greenhill, Houlihan Lokey, Lazard, Moelis, Perella Weinberg, PJT Partners and Rothschild, among others. We believe, and our clients have informed us, that advisory firms that also provide acquisition financing, and engage in significant proprietary trading in clients' securities and the management of large private equity funds that often compete with clients can cause such firms to develop interests that may be in conflict with the interests of advisory clients. Since we are able to avoid potential conflicts associated with these types of activities, we believe that we are better able to develop trusted and long-term relationships with our clients than competitors that provide such services. In addition, we have a broader global presence, deeper sector expertise and more diverse capabilities than many of the independent firms. Our equities business is also subject to competition from investment banks and other large and small financial institutions who offer similar services.
We believe that we face a range of competitors in our Investment Management business, with numerous other firms providing competitive services. Evercore Wealth Management competes with domestic and global private banks, regional broker-dealers, independent broker-dealers, registered investment advisors, commercial banks, trust companies and other financial services firms offering wealth management services to clients, many of which have substantially greater resources and offer a broader range of services.
Competition is also intense for the attraction and retention of qualified employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.
Regulation
United States
Our business, as well as the financial services industry generally, is subject to extensive regulation in the United States and in the other jurisdictions where we operate. As a matter of public policy, regulatory bodies in the United States and the rest of the world are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of customers participating in those markets. In the United States, the SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. Evercore Group L.L.C. ("EGL"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours through which we conduct our U.S. Investment Banking & Equities business, is registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") and is registered as a broker-dealer in various states and the District of Columbia. EGL is subject to regulation and oversight by the SEC. FINRA, a self-regulatory organization that is subject to oversight by the SEC, adopts and enforces rules governing the conduct, and examines the activities, of its member firms,
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including EGL. The SEC, FINRA, and other regulators in various jurisdictions impose both conduct-based and disclosure-based requirements with respect to our business. State securities regulators and securities exchanges to which EGL is a member also have regulatory or oversight authority over EGL. Our Private Funds business is also impacted by various state and local regulations that restrict or prohibit the use of placement agents in connection with investments by public pension funds.
Broker-dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices, use and safekeeping of customers' funds and securities, capital structure, record-keeping, the financing of customers' purchases and the conduct and qualifications of directors, officers and employees. For example, as a registered broker-dealer and member of a self-regulatory organization, we are subject to the SEC's uniform net capital rule, Rule 15c3-1. Rule 15c3-1 specifies the minimum level of net capital a broker-dealer must maintain and also requires that a significant part of a broker-dealer's assets be kept in relatively liquid form. The SEC and various self-regulatory organizations impose rules that require notification when net capital falls below certain predefined criteria, limit the ratio of subordinated debt to equity in the regulatory capital composition of a broker-dealer and constrain the ability of a broker-dealer to expand its business under certain circumstances. Additionally, the SEC's uniform net capital rule imposes certain requirements that may have the effect of prohibiting a broker-dealer from distributing or withdrawing capital and requiring prior notice to the SEC for certain withdrawals of capital. EGL is also subject to the SEC's Market Access Rule, Rule 15c3-5. The Market Access Rule requires EGL to have controls and procedures in place to limit financial exposure by establishing capital thresholds for its trading clients and implementing controls to prevent erroneous orders. Our operating entities are also subject to regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, as amended (the "Patriot Act"), which impose obligations regarding the prevention and detection of money-laundering activities, including the establishment of customer due diligence and other compliance policies and procedures. Regulatory authorities are also increasingly focused on cyber security and vendor management. Failure to comply with any legal and regulatory requirements may result in monetary, regulatory and, in certain cases, criminal penalties.
We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits offering, promising, giving, or authorizing others to give anything of value, either directly or indirectly, to a non-U.S. government official in order to influence official action or otherwise gain an unfair business advantage, such as to obtain or retain business.
Our Investment Management business at EWM, as well as our equity method investments, ABS and Atalanta Sosnoff, are registered as investment advisors with the SEC. Registered investment advisors are subject to the requirements and regulations of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Such requirements relate to, among other things, fiduciary duties to clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, solicitation agreements, conflicts of interest, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on agency cross and principal transactions between an advisor and advisory clients, state and local political contributions, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions. EWM is also an investment advisor to a mutual fund, which subjects EWM to additional regulations under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). ETC, which is a national trust bank limited to fiduciary activities, is regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System and is subject to, among other things, the Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, as amended, other federal banking laws and the state laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates.
United Kingdom
Authorization by the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") . The FCA is responsible for regulating Evercore Partners International LLP ("Evercore U.K.") and Evercore ISI International Limited ("Evercore ISI U.K."), the London vehicle of Evercore ISI. The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 ("FSMA") is the basis for the United Kingdom's ("U.K.") financial services regulatory regime. FSMA is supported by secondary legislation and other rules made under FSMA, including the FCA Handbook of Rules and Guidance. A key FSMA provision is section 19, which contains a "general prohibition" against any person carrying on a "regulated activity" (or purporting to do so) in the U.K., unless he is an authorized or exempt person. It is a criminal offense to breach this general prohibition and certain agreements made in breach may not be enforceable. The "regulated activities" are set out in the FSMA (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (as amended). Evercore U.K. is authorized to carry out regulated activities including: advising on investments, arranging (bringing about) deals in investments and making arrangements with a view to transactions in investments. Evercore ISI U.K. is also authorized to carry out these activities. As U.K. authorized persons, Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K. are subject to the FCA's high-level principles for businesses, conduct of business obligations and organizational requirements. The FCA has extensive powers to supervise and intervene in the affairs of the firms. It can take a range of disciplinary enforcement actions, including public censure, restitution, fines or sanctions and the award of compensation.
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FSMA also gives the FCA investigatory and enforcement powers in respect of contraventions of various European Union ("EU") regulations (as implemented into U.K. law following Brexit), including the Market Abuse Regulation, which prohibits insider dealing, unlawful disclosure of inside information and market manipulation. The FCA is also able to prosecute a number of criminal offenses including, among other things, criminal insider dealing under the Criminal Justice Act 1993 and criminal market manipulation under the Financial Services Act 2012.
Regulatory Capital . Regulatory capital requirements form an integral part of the FCA's prudential supervision of FCA authorized firms. The regulatory capital rules oblige firms to hold a certain amount of capital at all times (taking into account the particular risks to which the firm may be exposed given its business activities), thereby helping to ensure that firms can meet their liabilities as they fall due and safeguarding their (and their counterparties') financial stability. The FCA also expects firms to take a proactive approach to monitoring and managing risks, consistent with its high-level requirement for firms to have adequate financial resources. On January 1, 2022, the U.K. implemented a new prudential regime to replace the existing Capital Requirements Regulation ("CRR") and fourth Capital Requirements Directive. The U.K. Investment Firm Prudential Regime ("IFPR") is intended to introduce a more appropriate regime for investment firms, which had been regulated under rules designed for banks. Until January 1, 2022, Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K. were "exempt-CAD firms" and subject only to limited minimum capital requirements. Both firms have changed status under IFPR and are now subject to different and higher capital requirements. The basic minimum capital requirement for each firm will be the higher of its permanent minimum requirement of £75.0 thousand (increased from £50.0 thousand) or an amount equal to one quarter of its annual fixed overhead expenses ("Fixed Overhead Requirement"). Both firms must also comply with the basic liquid asset requirement, which is equivalent to one-third of the Fixed Overhead Requirement. Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K. must further assess whether additional financial resources are needed to mitigate risks faced by the firms and maintain adequate financial resources beyond the basic requirements as necessary.
Anti-Money Laundering, Counter-Terrorist Financing and Anti-Bribery . The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 (the "Money Laundering Regulations") came into force on June 26, 2017 and implemented the Fourth EU Money Laundering Directive ("MLD 4"). MLD 4 is designed to reinforce the efficacy of EU law in countering money laundering and terrorist financing and to ensure that the EU framework is aligned with the International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation adopted by the Financial Action Task Force in 2012. The Money Laundering Regulations impose numerous obligations on Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K. (and other "relevant persons"), including, among other things, obligations to take appropriate steps to assess the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing to which the business is subject and to maintain policies, controls and procedures to mitigate and manage the risks identified in the risk assessment. The Fifth EU Money Laundering Directive ("MLD 5") came into force on July 9, 2018. It amends MLD 4, which was transposed into U.K. law by amending the Money Laundering Regulations. In the U.K., it has been implemented through the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Regulations 2019. The objectives of MLD 5 include, among other things, extending the scope of MLD 4 to include a broader range of market participants (including cryptoasset exchanges and custodian wallet providers), amending customer due diligence requirements for client relationships (including the circumstances in which enhanced due diligence is required) and for transactions involving high risk countries and improved access to beneficial ownership for customer due diligence information.
The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and the Terrorism Act 2000 also contain a number of offenses in relation to money laundering and terrorist financing, respectively. Evercore U.K., Evercore ISI U.K. (and potentially other Evercore entities with a 'close connection' to the U.K.) are also subject to the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, which came into force on July 1, 2011. It provides for criminal penalties for bribery of, or receipt of a bribe from, public officials, corporations and individuals, as well as for the failure of an organization to prevent a person with whom it is associated from providing bribes to secure a business advantage for the organization or a benefit in the conduct of its business.
Regulatory Framework in the European Union . The U.K. left the EU on January 31, 2020 and on December 31, 2020, the Brexit transitional period came to an end. The U.K and the EU entered into the U.K. - EU Trade and Co-operation Agreement ("TCA") on December 24, 2020. The TCA was accompanied by a non-binding Joint Declaration committing the U.K. and the EU to cooperate on matters of financial regulation, which is intended to be facilitated by a Memorandum of Understanding (agreed in principle in 2021 but not yet finalized). However, the TCA does not presently make provision for financial services firms in the U.K. to access the EU single market. As a result, since January 1, 2021, U.K. firms, including Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K., have not held passporting rights to provide cross-border services into the EU and into a number of other members of the European Economic Area ("EEA"), to the extent such services are regulated activities. Evercore has a German subsidiary, Evercore GmbH ("Evercore Germany"), through which regulated activities can be conducted in Germany and in
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other EU and EEA jurisdictions on a cross-border basis, subject to certain exceptions and in compliance with applicable legal requirements.
Following the U.K.’s exit from the EU, the provisions of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (together "MiFID") have been on-shored and brought into U.K. law through the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018. This provided that EU law directly applicable in the U.K. would form part of U.K. law at the end of the Brexit transitional period and gave powers to the U.K. government to amend this legislation so that it would operate effectively after Brexit. For most practical purposes Evercore U.K. and Evercore ISI U.K. will be subject to broadly the same requirements under the on-shored U.K. MiFID regime, subject to changes put forward in the U.K.'s legislative program.
In December 2022, the U.K. Government announced a series of financial services regulatory developments referred to as the "Edinburgh Reforms". The backdrop to these reforms is the Financial Services and Markets Bill which will enable EU financial services law directly applicable in the U.K. to be repealed and replaced by similar U.K. law and regulation. While the Edinburgh Reforms did not set out a comprehensive list of regulations expected to be amended or repealed, these reforms did signal the U.K. Government's intentions to propose changes to existing financial services regulation. Therefore, over the coming years it is possible that U.K. and EU financial services may diverge further.
Germany
In Germany, our subsidiary, Evercore Germany, is licensed by the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, or "BaFin") to conduct investment advice and investment brokerage activities in Germany. Evercore Germany has passporting rights to provide cross-border services into the EU which are equivalent to those formerly enjoyed by Evercore U.K. until January 1, 2021. Accordingly, Evercore Germany is authorized to provide the aforementioned services across the EU on a cross-border basis. Among other requirements, BaFin requires Evercore Germany, as a regulated entity, to comply with capital, liquidity, governance and business conduct requirements, and has a range of supervisory and disciplinary powers which it is able to use in overseeing the activities of the firm.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, our subsidiary, Evercore Asia Limited ("Evercore Asia"), is licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission ("SFC") to conduct certain corporate finance activities and securities dealing and advising activities that are related to corporate finance. The compliance requirements of the SFC include, among other things, paid-up share capital, liquid capital, record keeping, anti-money laundering and conduct of business requirements. The directors and certain officers, employees and other persons affiliated with Evercore Asia are also subject to SFC licensing and/or compliance requirements.
Singapore
In Singapore, Evercore Asia (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. maintains a Capital Market Services license issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore ("MAS") for dealing in capital markets products that are securities and collective investment schemes and advising on corporate finance. The compliance requirements of the MAS include anti-money laundering, conduct of business requirements and rules relating to client assets, among other things.
Dubai International Financial Centre ("DIFC")
Evercore Advisory (Middle East) Limited maintains a license in the DIFC issued by the Dubai Financial Services Authority ("DFSA") with permissions for (i) advising on financial products, (ii) arranging credit and advising on credit and (iii) arranging deals in investments only. The compliance requirements of the DFSA include, among other things, capital, liquidity, governance, conduct of business requirements and anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing and sanctions requirements and apply to all activities conducted by Evercore Advisory (Middle East) Limited in and from the DIFC.
General
Certain of our businesses are subject to compliance with laws and regulations of U.S. federal and state governments, non-U.S. governments, their respective agencies and/or various self-regulatory organizations or exchanges relating to, among other things, the privacy of client information, and any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage. Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by financial authorities and self-regulatory organizations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect our mode of operation and profitability.
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The U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions in the United States, are empowered to conduct periodic examinations and initiate administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a regulated entity or its directors, officers or employees.