EAGLE BANCORP INC 10-Q

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ("MD&A") The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, asset quality, and capital resources of Eagle Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") as of and for the periods indicated. The Company’s primary subsidiary is EagleBank (the "Bank"), and the Company’s other direct and indirect active subsidiaries are Bethesda Leasing, LLC, Eagle Insurance Services, LLC and Landroval Municipal Finance, Inc. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this report and the MD&A in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K"). Caution About Forward-Looking Statements . This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as amended. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, our expected financial condition and asset quality, expected operating results and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements and are typically identified with words such as "may," "will," "can," "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "plans," "strategies," "outlook," "estimates," "potential," "assume," "probable," "possible," "continue," "should," "could," "would," "strive," "seeks," "deem," "projections," "forecast," "consider," "indicative," "uncertainty," "likely," "unlikely," "likelihood," "unknown," "attributable," "depends," "intends," "generally," "feel," "typically," "judgment," "subjective" and similar words or phrases. For details on factors that could affect these expectations, see the risk factors and other cautionary language included in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K, and in other periodic and current reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The Company's past results are not necessarily indicative of future performance, and nothing contained herein is meant to or should be considered and treated as earnings guidance of future performance projections. All information is as of the date of this report. Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company speak only as to the date they are made. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason. General The Company is a growth-oriented, one-bank holding company headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. The Company provides general commercial and consumer banking services through the Bank, its wholly owned banking subsidiary, a Maryland chartered bank which is a member of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve Board", "Federal Reserve" or "FRB"). The Company was organized in October 1997 to be the holding company for the Bank. The Bank was organized in 1998 as an independent, community-oriented, full service banking alternative to the super regional financial institutions that dominate the Company’s primary market area. The Company’s philosophy is to provide superior, personalized service to its customers. The Company focuses on relationship banking, providing each customer with a number of services and becoming familiar with and addressing customer needs in a proactive, personalized fashion. The Bank currently has twelve branch offices (three in Suburban Maryland, three in Washington, D.C. and six in Northern Virginia), a principal corporate office, four lending centers and one operations center. The Bank offers a broad range of commercial banking services to its business and professional clients, as well as full-service consumer banking services to individuals living and/or working primarily in the Bank's market area. The Bank emphasizes providing commercial banking services to sole proprietors, small and medium-sized businesses, non-profit organizations and associations, and investors living and working in and near the primary service area. These services include the usual deposit functions of commercial banks, including business and personal checking accounts, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal ("NOW") accounts, money market and savings accounts, business, Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 45 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | General construction, and commercial loans, consumer loans, and cash management services. The Bank is also active in the origination of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans. The Bank generally sells the guaranteed portion of the SBA loans in a transaction apart from the loan origination generating noninterest income from the gains on sale, as well as servicing income on the portion participated. Until the second half of 2024, the Company originated multifamily Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") loans through the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Multifamily Accelerated Program. The Company securitized these loans through the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") MBS I program and sold the resulting securities in the open market to authorized dealers in the normal course of business and periodically bundled and sold the servicing rights. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold the remaining servicing rights to all multifamily FHA loans. However, the Company maintains its licenses to operate in this business and is evaluating options for future activity. Bethesda Leasing, LLC, a subsidiary of the Bank, holds title to and manages other real estate owned ("OREO") assets. Landroval Municipal Finance, Inc., a subsidiary of the Bank, focuses on lending to municipalities by buying debt on the public market as well as direct purchase issuance. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and follow general practices within the banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the Consolidated Financial Statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments. Certain policies have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions, and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or a valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The Company applies the accounting policies contained in "Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K and "Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. There have been no significant changes to the Company's accounting policies as disclosed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K. Allowance for Credit Losses and Provision for Unfunded Commitments A consequence of lending activities is that we incur credit losses, so we record an allowance for credit losses (the "ACL") with respect to loan receivables and a reserve for unfunded commitments (the "RUC") as estimates of those losses. The amount of the ACL on loans is based on management's assessment of current expected credit losses ("CECL") in the portfolio. The amount of such losses will vary depending upon the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio as affected by economic conditions such as changes in interest rates, the financial performance of borrowers and regional unemployment rates, which management estimates by using a national forecast and estimating a regional adjustment based on historical differences between the two. Management has significant discretion in making the judgments inherent in the determination of the provisions for credit loss, the ACL and the RUC. Our determination of these amounts requires significant reliance on estimates and significant judgment as to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on loans, significant reliance on historical loss rates on homogenous portfolios, consideration of our quantitative and qualitative evaluation of economic factors and the reliance on our reasonable and supportable forecasts. We estimate the ACL on loans using a quantitative model that uses a probability of default ("PD") / Loss Given Default ("LGD") cash flow method with an exposure at default ("EAD") model to estimate expected credit losses for our loan segments. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds is based on historical internal data and adjustments to account for loan-specific risk characteristics after pooling our loan portfolio based on similar risk characteristics. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 46 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data provided by a third-party service provider (as Company loss data alone is insufficient) to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime PD and LGD. This analysis also determines how expected PD will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. During the prior year, management enhanced the cash flow model to incorporate additional macroeconomic variables. The four economic variables selected, national unemployment (original variable used), Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") Price Index, House Price Index and Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"), are incorporated by utilizing a Loss Driver Analysis approach that factors in historical losses, including during the Great Recession, of regional peer banks and the Bank. The updated model incorporates a weighting of three economic scenarios; baseline, upside and downside. The scenarios cover the four economic forecast variables, with each segment of the portfolio linked to two of these variables, depending on the segment. The loss driver analysis is spread over a reasonable and supportable period of 18 months and reverts back to a historical loss rate over twelve months on a straight-line basis over the loan's remaining maturity. Management leverages economic projections from reputable and independent third parties to inform its loss driver forecasts over the forecast period. Loans that have evidence of credit deterioration are excluded from the loan segments subject to the quantitative model described above and are individually assessed. The RUC represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The RUC is determined by estimating future draws and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. The ACL also includes an amount for inherent risks not reflected in the historical analyses. Relevant factors reflected in the qualitative component of the reserve include, but are not limited to, concentrations of credit risk, appraisal risk from volatility in the market, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff and trends in delinquencies. Management has developed an analytical process to monitor the adequacy of the ACL. Our methodology for determining our ACL was developed utilizing, among other factors, the guidance from federal banking regulatory agencies and relevant available information from internal and external sources and relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The process is being continually enhanced and refined based on periodic reviews. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the reserve for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to our reported earnings. See "Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 3 – Investment Securities" and "Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the “Provision for Credit Losses” and "Allowance for Credit Losses" sections below for more information on the provision for credit losses and ACL for the loan portfolio. Results of Operations Summary of Consolidated Statements of Operations This section discusses our condensed consolidated results of operations and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Change 2025 2024 Change Net Interest Income $ 68,159 $ 71,843 $ (3,684) $ 201,584 $ 217,894 $ (16,310) Less: Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses 113,215 10,094 103,121 277,629 54,228 223,401 Less: Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses for Unfunded Commitments (38) (1,593) 1,555 1,424 (529) 1,953 Net Interest Income After Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses (45,018) 63,342 (108,360) (77,469) 164,195 (241,664) Noninterest income 2,495 6,951 (4,456) 17,116 15,872 1,244 Noninterest expense 41,897 43,614 (1,717) 130,818 230,102 (99,284) Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expense (84,420) 26,679 (111,099) (191,171) (50,035) (141,136) Income Tax Expense (16,907) 4,864 (21,771) (55,558) 12,290 (67,848) Net Income (Loss) $ (67,513) $ 21,815 $ (89,328) $ (135,613) $ (62,325) $ (73,288) Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 47 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations Net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was primarily due to higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by the corresponding income tax benefit. See respective subsections below for the primary drivers of change and further discussion on net interest income, provision for credit losses, noninterest income, noninterest expenses, and income tax expenses. When the impact of the provision is excluded, pre-provision net revenue ("PPNR"), a non-GAAP measure, was $28.8 million for three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $35.2 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower noninterest income driven by losses on sale of loans and investment securities during the current period. For further discussion of drivers for this change, see the "Noninterest Income" section below. PPNR was $87.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $3.7 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to lower noninterest expenses in the current period driven by the recognition of one-time goodwill impairment of $104.2 million during 2024 which resulted in higher noninterest expense in the prior period. For further discussion of drivers for this change, see the "Noninterest Expense" section below. Refer to the "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section for additional detail and a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures. The efficiency ratio, which measures the ratio of noninterest expense to total net revenue (the sum of net interest income and noninterest income), was 59.3% and 59.8%, respectively, for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 55.4% and 98.4% for the same periods in 2024. The improvement in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 over the same period in 2024 was primarily driven by the recognition of one-time goodwill impairment of $104.2 million during the second quarter of 2024. Net interest margin, which measures net interest income as a percentage of earning assets, was 2.43% and 2.37% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 2.37% and 2.40% for the same periods in 2024, an increase of 6 basis points and a decrease of 3 basis points, respectively. For further information on the components and drivers of these changes, see the "Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin" section below. Loans, which generally have higher yields than securities and other earning assets, represented 69% and 66% of average earning assets for nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Refer to the "Loan Portfolio" below for further discussion on loans. Average investment securities for nine months ended September 30, 2025 were 18.8% of average earning assets compared to 20.5% for the same period in 2024. The combination of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with other banks represented 12.4% and 13.5% of average earning assets for nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The ratio of common equity to total assets decreased to 10.39% as of September 30, 2025, compared to 11.02% as of December 31, 2024. For three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the return (loss) on average assets ("ROAA") was (2.31)% and (1.53)%, respectively, as compared to 0.70% and (0.67)% for the same periods in 2024. Total shareholders’ equity was $1.12 billion as of September 30, 2025 as compared to $1.23 billion as of December 31, 2024, a decrease of 8%, driven by losses in the first nine months of 2025. The return (loss) on average common equity for three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was (22.66)% and (14.79)% respectively, as compared to 7.22% and (6.65)% for the same periods in 2024. Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Net interest income is the difference between interest income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets. Earning assets are composed primarily of loans, investment securities and interest-bearing deposits with other banks and other short term investments. The cost of funds represents interest expense on deposits, customer repurchase agreements and other borrowings, which consist primarily of federal funds purchased, advances from secured financing arrangements, including the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (" FHLB") and Discount Window, and senior notes. Noninterest-bearing deposits and capital are other components representing funding sources. Changes in the volume and mix of assets and funding sources, along with the changes in yields earned and rates paid, determine changes in net interest income. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 48 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin The table below presents the average balances and rates of the major categories of the Company's assets and liabilities. Included in the tables are measurements of interest rate spread and margin. Interest rate spread is the difference (expressed as a percentage) between the interest rate earned on earning assets less the interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. While the interest rate spread provides a quick comparison of earnings rates versus cost of funds, management believes that margin, together with net interest income, provides a better measurement of performance. The net interest margin (as compared to net interest spread) includes the effect of noninterest-bearing sources in its calculation. Net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets. For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 (dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Average Yield / Rate Average Balance Interest Average Yield / Rate Assets Interest earning assets: Interest-bearing deposits with other banks and other short-term investments $ 1,447,944 $ 15,952 4.37 % $ 1,577,464 $ 21,296 5.37 % Loans held for sale 19,441 389 7.94 % 4,936 1 0.08 % Loans (1) (2) 7,648,459 123,315 6.40 % 8,026,524 139,835 6.93 % Investment securities available-for-sale (2) 1,134,993 5,866 2.05 % 1,479,598 7,336 1.97 % Investment securities held-to-maturity 884,779 4,661 2.09 % 974,366 5,242 2.14 % Federal funds sold 1,927 22 4.53 % 10,003 103 4.10 % Total interest earning assets 11,137,543 150,205 5.35 % 12,072,891 173,813 5.73 % Noninterest earning assets 658,014 397,007 Less: allowance for credit losses (198,158) (108,998) Total noninterest earning assets 459,856 288,009 Total assets $ 11,597,399 $ 12,360,900 Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Interest-bearing liabilities: Interest-bearing transaction $ 1,391,316 $ 10,824 3.09 % $ 1,656,676 $ 14,596 3.51 % Savings and money market 3,576,595 30,875 3.42 % 3,254,128 34,896 4.27 % Time deposits 3,312,333 37,686 4.51 % 2,517,944 31,698 5.01 % Total interest-bearing deposits 8,280,244 79,385 3.80 % 7,428,748 81,190 4.35 % Customer repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased 25,557 202 3.14 % 38,045 332 3.47 % Derivative collateral liability 9,225 102 4.39 % — — — % Other short-term borrowings (3) 29,350 332 4.49 % 1,615,867 20,448 5.03 % Long-term borrowings (3) 76,318 2,025 10.52 % 824 — — % Total interest-bearing liabilities 8,420,694 82,046 3.87 % 9,083,484 101,970 4.47 % Noninterest-bearing liabilities: Noninterest-bearing demand 1,882,971 1,915,666 Other liabilities 111,586 160,272 Total noninterest-bearing liabilities 1,994,557 2,075,938 Shareholders’ equity 1,182,148 1,201,477 Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 11,597,399 $ 12,360,899 Net interest income $ 68,159 $ 71,843 Net interest spread 1.48 % 1.26 % Net interest margin 2.43 % 2.37 % Cost of funds 3.16 % 3.69 % Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 49 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 (dollars in thousands) Average Balance Interest Average Yield / Rate Average Balance Interest Average Yield / Rate Assets Interest earning assets: Interest-bearing deposits with other banks and other short-term investments $ 1,404,724 $ 46,514 4.43 % $ 1,624,575 $ 65,726 5.40 % Loans held for sale 11,747 673 7.66 % 4,329 101 3.12 % Loans (1) (2) 7,840,451 374,390 6.38 % 8,006,298 415,345 6.93 % Investment securities available-for-sale (2) 1,229,366 19,215 2.09 % 1,491,608 21,631 1.94 % Investment securities held-to-maturity 912,067 14,660 2.15 % 993,553 16,032 2.16 % Federal funds sold 2,191 73 4.45 % 10,037 311 4.14 % Total interest earning assets 11,400,546 455,525 5.34 % 12,130,400 519,146 5.72 % Noninterest earning assets 627,116 471,966 Less: allowance for credit losses (150,209) (100,592) Total noninterest earning assets $ 476,907 371,374 Total assets $ 11,877,453 $ 12,501,774 Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Interest-bearing liabilities: Interest-bearing transaction $ 1,348,531 $ 31,043 3.08 % $ 1,708,797 $ 47,526 3.72 % Savings and money market 3,641,069 92,569 3.40 % 3,332,552 104,277 4.18 % Time deposits 3,211,774 111,896 4.66 % 2,307,756 85,616 4.96 % Total interest-bearing deposits 8,201,374 235,508 3.84 % 7,349,105 237,419 4.32 % Customer repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased 32,132 712 2.96 % 37,578 977 3.47 % Derivative collateral liability 13,522 569 5.63 % — — — % Other short-term borrowings 305,312 11,086 4.85 % 1,698,170 62,856 4.94 % Long-term borrowings 76,234 6,066 10.64 % 277 — — % Total interest-bearing liabilities 8,628,574 253,941 3.93 % 9,085,130 301,252 4.43 % Noninterest-bearing liabilities: Noninterest-bearing demand 1,890,500 2,007,963 Other liabilities 132,866 157,277 Total noninterest-bearing liabilities 2,023,366 2,165,240 Shareholders’ equity 1,225,513 1,251,404 Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 11,877,453 $ 12,501,774 Net interest income $ 201,584 $ 217,894 Net interest spread 1.41 % 1.29 % Net interest margin 2.37 % 2.40 % Cost of funds 3.23 % 3.63 % (1) Loans placed on nonaccrual status are included in average balances. Net loan fees and late charges included in interest income on loans totaled $3.7 million and $11.1 million for the three and nine months ended 2025, respectively, and $3.9 million and $12.9 million for the three and nine months ended 2024, respectively. (2) Interest and fees on loans and investments exclude tax equivalent adjustments. Net interest income decreased for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to lower average balances and lower yields on loans and lower average balance of securities as well interest bearing deposits with other banks. Both interest income and interest expense declined during the quarter, reflecting the impact of lower market rates and declining average balances. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 50 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Net interest margin increased for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to reduction in interest earning assets associated with a decline in nonaccrual loan balances in the commercial real estate ("CRE") loan portfolio as well as securities in the investment portfolio. The cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities had a decrease of 53 basis points from 3.69% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.16% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, while the yield on interest-earning assets had an decrease of 38 basis points from 5.73% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 5.35% for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Net interest income decreased for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to a larger decrease in interest-earning assets compared to interest-bearing liabilities. Additionally, average loan yields were lower in 2025 compared to the prior year, partially offset by lower yields on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin decreased for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to a decrease in the yield on loans and lower average balances of interest-earning assets, partially offset by lower yields on interest-bearing liabilities. The cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 40 basis points from 3.63% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, while the yield on interest-earning assets had a decrease of 38 basis points from 5.72% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 5.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income The rate/volume table below presents the composition of the change in net interest income for the period indicated, as allocated between the change in net interest income due to changes in the volume of average earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates. Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Change Due to Volume Change Due to Rate Total Increase (Decrease) Change Due to Volume Change Due to Rate Total Increase (Decrease) Interest earned on: Interest-bearing deposits with other banks and other short-term investments $ (1,748) $ (3,596) $ (5,344) $ (8,895) $ (10,317) $ (19,212) Loans held for sale 3 385 388 173 399 572 Loans (6,587) (9,933) (16,520) (8,604) (32,351) (40,955) Investment securities available-for sale (1,709) 239 (1,470) (3,803) 1,387 (2,416) Investment securities held-to-maturity (482) (99) (581) (1,315) (57) (1,372) Federal funds sold (83) 2 (81) (243) 5 (238) Total interest income (10,606) (13,002) (23,608) (22,687) (40,934) (63,621) Interest paid on: Interest-bearing transaction (2,338) (1,434) (3,772) (10,020) (6,463) (16,483) Savings and money market 3,458 (7,479) (4,021) 9,654 (21,362) (11,708) Time deposits 10,000 (4,012) 5,988 33,537 (7,257) 26,280 Customer repurchase agreements (109) (21) (130) (142) (123) (265) Derivative collateral liability 102 — 102 569 — 569 Other short-term borrowings (20,077) (39) (20,116) (51,555) (215) (51,770) Long-term borrowings 2,025 — 2,025 6,066 — 6,066 Total interest expense (6,939) (12,985) (19,924) (11,891) (35,420) (47,311) Net interest income $ (3,667) $ (17) $ (3,684) $ (10,796) $ (5,514) $ (16,310) Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 51 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Provision for Credit Losses Provision for Credit Losses The provision for credit losses represents the amount of expense charged to current earnings to record the ACL on loans and the ACL on HTM investment securities. The amount of the ACL on loans is based on management's assessment of current expected credit losses in the portfolio. Those factors include historical losses based on internal and peer data, economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the portfolio, performance of the portfolio, and internal loan processes of the Company. The table below presents a breakdown of the current provision for credit losses included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses - loans $ 113,245 $ 10,869 $ 277,758 $ 54,947 Provision for (reversal of) credit losses - HTM debt securities (30) (775) (129) (719) Total Provision for credit losses $ 113,215 $ 10,094 $ 277,629 $ 54,228 Net charge offs in ACL $ (140,814) $ (5,303) $ (235,920) $ (29,020) The change in the provision for credit losses on the loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to the replenishment of the reserve following net charge-offs, as reported in the table above, and an increase in the qualitative overlay. Net charge-offs of $235.9 million during the first nine months of 2025 represented 4.02% of average loans held for investment on an annualized basis, an increase from net charge-offs of $29.0 million during same period in 2024, which represented 0.48% of average loans held for investment on an annualized basis. Charge-offs during the first nine months of 2025 were driven by elevated losses primarily on office loans and other real estate loans with underlying office exposure, and to a lesser extent on land, multifamily, and senior living loans. The increase in charge-offs was primarily driven by the receipt of new information regarding collateral valuations and borrower performance, particularly within the office sector. During the second quarter of 2025, we disclosed our strategy for resolving criticized and classified loans with the goal of accelerating dispositions and reducing future asset quality risk. In furtherance of this strategy, we obtained updated valuations in the third quarter of 2025 on the underlying collateral for certain loans that resulted in significant charge offs related to actual and expected dispositions. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2025 we identified for disposition certain loans that were transferred to loans held-for-sale (HFS), which resulted in additional charge-offs of $109.5 million to record those loans at their fair value at the time of transfer. Charge-offs related to loans transferred to HFS or sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $170.3 million, of which $124.1 million was related to HFS loans on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2025. Our actions during the first nine months of 2025 reflect a disciplined approach to credit risk management that incorporates updated market and borrower data into our loss estimates. The CRE office overlay decreased in the third quarter relative to the second quarter as office loans were moved to HFS. However, updated assumptions associated with the PD and LGD rates, as well as downward risk rating migration, as further discussed in the "Allowance for Credit Losses" section below, impacted the office overlay in the third quarter. Although loans were transferred to held-for-sale in the second and third quarter of 2025, reducing the office overlay population, the resulting charge-offs on those loans informed higher loss factors on the remaining loans addressed by the qualitative overlay, contributing to the elevated overlay for the first nine months of 2025. The increase in the qualitative reserve for the first nine months of 2025 reflects management’s assessment of continued uncertainty in the CRE market, particularly within the office sector, as well as potential lag effects from interest-rate sensitivity, valuation declines, and refinancing risk. Management continues to monitor trends in occupancy, capitalization rates, and market liquidity across key metropolitan areas and may adjust qualitative reserves further as these factors evolve. The ACL coverage ratio remains within management’s target range and reflects the current asset quality profile, though further provision expense may be required if collateral values or borrower performance continue to deteriorate. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 52 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Provision for Credit Losses The provision for credit losses for the held-to-maturity securities portfolio was recorded primarily on several corporate bonds. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, there was a reversal of provision for credit losses of $30 thousand and $129 thousand, respectively, for the held-to-maturity securities portfolio, compared to a reversal of provision expense of $775 thousand and $719 thousand, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments is presented separately on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This provision considers the probability that unfunded commitments will fund, among other factors. There was a reversal of provision of $38 thousand and provision expense of $1.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to a reversal of provision of $1.6 million and $529 thousand, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to higher unfunded commitments in our commercial and industrial portfolio during the current period. Refer to the discussion under "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" above and in "Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the Consolidated Financial Statements for an overview of the methodology management employs on a quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance and the provisions charged to expense. Also, refer to the table in the "Allowance for Credit Losses" section which reflects activity in the ACL. Noninterest Income Noninterest income includes service charges on deposits, gain/(loss) on sale of investment securities, income from BOLI and other income. The table below summarizes the comparative noninterest income. For the Three Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Dollar Change Service charges on deposits $ 1,773 $ 1,747 $ 26 Gain (loss) on sale of loans (3,550) 20 (3,570) Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities (1,982) 3 (1,985) Increase in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance 5,293 731 4,562 Other income 961 4,450 (3,489) Total $ 2,495 $ 6,951 $ (4,456) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Dollar Change Service charges on deposits $ 5,287 $ 5,099 $ 188 Gain (loss) on sale of loans (3,550) 57 (3,607) Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities (3,832) 10 (3,842) Increase in the cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance 14,736 2,143 12,593 Other income 4,475 8,563 (4,088) Total $ 17,116 $ 15,872 $ 1,244 The decrease in total noninterest income in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by $3.6 million loss on sale of loans and a $2.0 million loss on sale of securities in the investment portfolio, partially offset by increases in the cash surrender value of BOLI investments during the third quarter of 2025. The increase in total noninterest income in the first nine months of 2025 as compared to the first nine months of 2024 was primarily driven by increases in the cash surrender value of BOLI investments in the first nine months of 2025, partially offset by losses on the sale of loans and investment securities. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 53 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Noninterest Expense Noninterest Expense Total noninterest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, premises and equipment expenses, marketing and advertising, data processing, legal, accounting and professional fees, FDIC insurance assessments and other expenses. The table below summarizes the comparative noninterest expense. For the Three Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Dollar Change Percent Change Salaries and employee benefits $ 21,290 $ 21,675 $ (385) (2) % Premises and equipment expenses 2,944 2,794 150 5 % Marketing and advertising 1,316 1,588 (272) (17) % Data processing 3,950 3,435 515 15 % Legal, accounting and professional fees 2,396 3,433 (1,037) (30) % FDIC insurance 6,665 7,399 (734) (10) % Goodwill impairment — — — — % Other expenses 3,336 3,290 46 1 % Total $ 41,897 $ 43,614 $ (1,717) (4) % For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Dollar Change Percent Change Salaries and employee benefits $ 65,198 $ 65,171 $ 27 — % Premises and equipment expenses 9,166 8,747 419 5 % Marketing and advertising 3,831 4,109 (278) (7) % Data processing 12,221 10,223 1,998 20 % Legal, accounting and professional fees 7,068 8,645 (1,577) (18) % FDIC insurance 23,704 19,728 3,976 20 % Goodwill impairment — 104,168 (104,168) (100) % Other expenses 9,630 9,311 319 3 % Total $ 130,818 $ 230,102 $ (99,284) (43) % The decrease in total noninterest expense in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the third quarter of 2024, was primarily due to lower legal, accounting and professional fees and lower FDIC insurance assessments in the current period. The decrease in total noninterest expense in the first nine months of 2025 as compared to the first nine months of 2024 was primarily due to the $104.2 million 2024 goodwill impairment, partially offset by higher FDIC insurance assessments and higher data processing costs during the first nine months of 2025. The major components of other expenses include regulatory assessment fees, director compensation, real estate taxes, and insurance expenses. As a percentage of average assets, total noninterest expense (annualized) was 1.43% and 1.47% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 1.40% and 2.46% for the same period in 2024. The third quarter 2025 percentage compared to third quarter of 2024 was relatively flat while the decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period 2024 was primarily due to no goodwill impairment during the current period. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 54 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Results of Operations | Income Tax Expense Income Tax Expense For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, income tax benefit was $16.9 million and $55.6 million, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $4.9 million and $12.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the income tax expense compared to prior year was primarily due to a decrease in the pre-tax income during the first nine months of 2025, and the 2024 goodwill impairment that was not deductible for tax purposes. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 20.0% and 29.1%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2025 varies from the 21% statutory rate primarily due to the tax benefit from the low-income housing tax credit equity investment, tax-exempt interest income and tax-exempt income from the increase in the cash surrender value of BOLI. Balance Sheet Analysis Overview This section discusses our condensed consolidated balance sheets and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change Assets Cash and cash equivalents (1) $ 850,767 $ 633,480 $ 217,287 Investment securities (2) 1,945,830 2,206,051 (260,221) Loans held for sale 136,506 — 136,506 Loans held for investment, at amortized cost 7,304,679 7,934,888 (630,209) Less: Allowance for credit losses (156,228) (114,390) (41,838) Loans held for investment, net of allowance 7,148,451 7,820,498 (672,047) Deferred income taxes 77,362 91,472 (14,110) Bank-owned life insurance 330,426 115,806 214,620 Other assets (3) $ 326,160 $ 262,201 $ 63,959 Total Assets $ 10,815,502 $ 11,129,508 $ (314,006) Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Liabilities Deposits: Noninterest-bearing demand $ 1,577,197 $ 1,544,403 $ 32,794 Interest-bearing transaction 932,500 1,211,791 (279,291) Savings and money market 3,702,579 3,599,221 103,358 Time deposits 3,251,283 2,775,663 475,620 Total deposits 9,463,559 9,131,078 332,481 Customer repurchase agreements 13,725 33,157 (19,432) Borrowings 76,346 566,108 (489,762) Other liabilities (4) 138,396 173,104 (34,708) Total Liabilities 9,692,026 9,903,447 (211,421) Total Shareholders’ Equity 1,123,476 1,226,061 (102,585) Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity $ 10,815,502 $ 11,129,508 $ (314,006) (1) Consists of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits with banks, and other short-term investments. (2) Consists of available-for-sale securities at fair value and held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses. (3) Consists of Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock, premises and equipment, right-of-use assets, other real estate owned, and other assets. (4) Consists of operating lease liabilities, reserve for unfunded commitments and other liabilities. See respective subsections below for the primary drivers of change and further discussion on loans, allowance for credit losses, other earning asset, deposits and other borrowings. The decrease in total assets as of September 30, 2025 from December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by a decrease of $630.2 million in loans held for investment (to $7.3 billion as of September 30, 2025 from $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2024,) which was a result of reclassifying certain loans with a fair value of $136.5 million to held-for- Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 55 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis sale as well as declines in income-producing real estate and construction loans, partially offset by an increase in commercial and industrial loans and owner occupied CRE loans. Investment securities, net of the allowance for credit losses, were $1.9 billion as of September 30, 2025 as compared to $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024, a 12% decrease, primarily driven by sales, maturities and paydowns of investment securities. The Bank does not currently plan to reinvest these proceeds back into the investment securities portfolio. Total shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2025 was $1.12 billion as compared to $1.23 billion as of December 31, 2024, a 8% decrease. The decrease in shareholders’ equity in 2025 was primarily from the net loss from operations of $135.6 million, and payment of cash dividends of $15.0 million, offset by $43.7 million increase in other comprehensive income. The ratio of common equity to total assets was 10.39% as of September 30, 2025 as compared to 11.02% as of December 31, 2024. Book value per share was $37.00 as of September 30, 2025, a 8.87% decrease from $40.60 as of December 31, 2024. In order to be considered well-capitalized, the Bank must have a common equity tier one capital ("CET1") risk based capital ratio of 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 8.0%, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% and a leverage ratio of 5.0%. The Company and the Bank exceeded all these requirements and satisfy the capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of CET1 capital. Failure to maintain the required capital conservation buffer would limit the ability of the Company and the Bank to pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses. The Company's capital ratios remain substantially in excess of regulatory minimums and buffer requirements. The total risk based capital ratio was 14.83% as of September 30, 2025, as compared to 15.86% as of December 31, 2024. The CET1 risk based capital ratio was 13.58% as of September 30, 2025, as compared to 14.63% as of December 31, 2024. The tier 1 risk based capital ratio was 13.58% as of September 30, 2025, as compared to 14.63% as of December 31, 2024. The tier 1 leverage ratio was 10.40% as of September 30, 2025, as compared to 10.74% as of December 31, 2024. Loan Portfolio In its lending activities, the Company seeks to develop and expand relationships with clients whose businesses and individual banking needs will grow with the Bank. We believe superior customer service, local decision making and accelerated turnaround time from application to closing are significant factors in growing the loan portfolio and meeting the lending needs in the markets served, while maintaining sound asset quality. Loans held for investment were $7.3 billion as of September 30, 2025, as compared to $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2024, a decrease of $630.2 million or 7.9%. During the first nine months of 2025, $22.1 million of HFS loans were sold, resulting in a loss of $3.6 million. There was $136.5 million in loans held for sale as of September 30, 2025 and none as of December 31, 2024. The loan portfolio mix continues to evolve as the Bank has experienced a reduction in income producing commercial real estate loans and owner-occupied construction loans, offset by increases in commercial and owner-occupied commercial real estate loans. These shifts reflect our strategic focus on reshaping the portfolio toward relationship-driven commercial lending and asset classes aligned with our long-term risk-adjusted return objectives. We continue to see opportunities for growth in the commercial lending market in our focused sectors; our processes for evaluating these opportunities are designed to ensure they are subject to reasonable underwriting standards, including appropriate cash flow necessary to support debt service. Following origination, we continue to monitor our borrowers' business plans and assess primary and alternative sources for loan repayment and, if necessary, obtain collateral or additional collateral to mitigate credit loss in the event of default. The Bank has a large portion of its loan portfolio related to real estate, with 82% consisting of commercial real estate and real estate construction loans as of September 30, 2025. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate represented 61% of the loan portfolio while the remaining 21% is represented by the "owner occupied - commercial real estate" and "construction - C&I (owner occupied)" loans. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 56 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Loan Portfolio The table below presents loans, net of amortized deferred fees and costs by major category. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Amount % Amount % Commercial $ 1,217,805 17 % $ 1,183,341 15 % PPP loans 103 — % 287 — % Income producing - commercial real estate 3,453,033 47 % 4,064,846 51 % Owner occupied - commercial real estate 1,494,711 20 % 1,269,669 16 % Real estate mortgage - residential 44,684 1 % 50,535 1 % Construction - commercial and residential 1,010,367 14 % 1,210,763 15 % Construction - C&I (owner occupied) 33,378 — % 103,259 1 % Home equity 49,333 1 % 51,130 1 % Other consumer 1,265 — % 1,058 — % Total loans 7,304,679 100 % 7,934,888 100 % Less: allowance for credit losses (156,228) (114,390) Loans, net (1) $ 7,148,451 $ 7,820,498 (1) Excludes accrued interest receivable of $36.9 million and $42.9 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is recorded in other assets. As noted above, a significant portion of the loan portfolio consists of commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans, primarily in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and is secured by real estate or other collateral in that market. While our basic market is the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, the Bank has made loans outside that market where the borrower or its key decision makers have a meaningful relationship with the Bank and generally operate in or are based in our market. Although all of these loans are made to a diversified pool of unrelated borrowers across numerous businesses, adverse developments in the real estate market could continue to have an adverse impact on this portfolio of loans and the Company’s earnings and financial position. Management believes that the commercial real estate concentration risk is mitigated by diversification among the types and characteristics of real estate collateral properties, sound underwriting practices and ongoing portfolio monitoring and market analysis. The Company's concentration in the Washington, D.C. metro area includes "Washington's Maryland Suburbs," which comprises Frederick, Prince George's and Montgomery counties, and "Northern Virginia," which comprises Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William counties. The chart below displays our loan portfolio, as a percentage of total amortized cost, by geographic concentration. Washington, D.C. Washington's Maryland Suburbs Northern Virginia Other Maryland Other Locations Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 57 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Loan Portfolio As part of its lending strategy, the Company maintains a substantial portfolio of CRE loans, with $5.9 billion and $6.5 billion, or 80.7% and 81.5% of total loans, of amortized cost outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Management meets regularly in order to monitor its existing CRE loan portfolio and to evaluate the pipeline for CRE loan investment. Income producing CRE loans collateralized by office properties comprised approximately $601.2 million and $862.2 million, or 8.2% and 10.9% of total loans, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Office loans within Washington, D.C., Washington's Maryland Suburbs and Northern Virginia were $571.1 million and $795.0 million, or 7.8% and 10.0% of total loans, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The chart below displays the geographic concentration of income producing - CRE office loans in our loan portfolio, as percentage of total principal balance. Central business district of Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. (outside of the central business district) Washington's Maryland Suburbs Northern Virginia Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 58 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Loan Portfolio The table below summarizes the Company's income producing - commercial real estate loans, at principal balance, by collateral location and type. As of September 30, 2025 Maryland Virginia (dollars in thousands) Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Suburbs Other Northern Virginia Other Other Total Percent of Total Collateral Type: Hotel & motel $ 135,758 $ 75,227 $ 101,024 $ 95,584 $ — $ 20,955 $ 428,548 13 % Industrial 855 71,752 39,776 36,550 19,262 — 168,195 5 % Mixed use 200,957 42,924 3,262 50,549 20,755 4,907 323,354 9 % Multifamily 346,669 240,583 305 117,479 84,211 48,085 837,332 24 % Office 157,137 180,452 4,180 234,512 26,075 — 602,356 17 % Retail 68,019 63,826 55,584 59,325 60,492 2,469 309,715 9 % Single / 1-4 Family & Res. Condo 64,189 2,011 1,986 6,935 6,363 4,004 85,488 3 % Other 150,960 168,140 25,562 328,650 5,951 25,477 704,740 20 % Total $ 1,124,544 $ 844,915 $ 231,679 $ 929,584 $ 223,109 $ 105,897 $ 3,459,728 100 % Percent of total 33% 24% 7% 27% 6% 3% 100% Percent of Principal by Loan Size: Less than $1 million 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % $1 million to $5 million 11 % 10 % 19 % 7 % 8 % 16 % $5 million to $10 million 7 % 8 % 21 % 5 % 15 % 35 % $10 million to $25 million 18 % 10 % 26 % 35 % 35 % 12 % $25 million to $50 million 42 % 36 % 32 % 44 % 40 % 34 % Greater than $50 million 20 % 34 % — % 7 % — % 1 % Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $113.1 million and $287.0 million, respectively, of principal of CRE loans collateralized by office properties were criticized or classified. The table below displays income producing - commercial real estate loans, at principal, that are criticized or classified by collateral type. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Special Mention Substandard Total Special Mention Substandard Total Hotel & motel $ 13,085 $ — $ 13,085 $ — $ — $ — Industrial 2,701 — 2,701 5,000 — 5,000 Mixed use 105,919 119,934 225,853 — 8,764 8,764 Multifamily 72,755 112,152 184,907 51,539 21,202 72,741 Office 46,085 67,034 113,119 126,736 160,229 286,965 Retail — 9,276 9,276 3,518 1,803 5,321 Single / 1-4 Family & Res. Condo — 5,913 5,913 — 1,810 1,810 Other 60,268 48,619 108,887 — 84,835 84,835 Total $ 300,813 $ 362,928 $ 663,741 $ 186,793 $ 278,643 $ 465,111 The Company has executed balance sheet optimization actions to reduce commercial real estate loan concentration, including actions to reduce exposure to short- and intermediate-term valuation risk in the office portfolio. These steps reflect our strategic focus on improving portfolio resilience and risk-adjusted returns. While we remain disciplined in evaluating additional opportunities to further address concentration and valuation risk, future decisions or actions, if made or taken, could continue to result in elevated credit costs and may materially impact our results in the periods in which such decisions or actions are made or executed. There can be no assurance that any additional initiatives will be undertaken or, if pursued or undertaken, will achieve their intended results. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 59 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Loan Maturity Loan Maturity The table below sets forth the time to contractual maturity of the loan portfolio. Loans are shown in the period based on final contractual maturity. Demand loans, having no contractual maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less. As of September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands) Total One Year or Less Over One Year to Five Years Over Five Years to Fifteen Years Over Fifteen Years Commercial $ 1,217,805 $ 382,860 $ 732,698 $ 99,630 $ 2,617 PPP loans 103 103 — — — Income producing - commercial real estate (1) 3,453,033 1,662,699 1,603,055 187,279 — Owner occupied - commercial real estate 1,494,710 219,458 512,668 444,453 318,131 Real estate mortgage - residential 44,684 13,957 22,149 443 8,135 Construction - commercial and residential 1,010,367 707,952 272,806 — 29,609 Construction - C&I (owner occupied) 33,379 1,305 22,892 9,182 — Home equity 49,333 1,802 191 1,751 45,589 Other consumer 1,265 521 439 15 290 Total loans $ 7,304,679 $ 2,990,657 $ 3,166,898 $ 742,753 $ 404,371 Loans with: Predetermined fixed interest rate $ 2,486,965 $ 685,532 $ 1,422,138 $ 315,636 $ 63,659 Floating or adjustable interest rate 4,817,714 2,305,125 1,744,760 427,117 340,712 Total loans $ 7,304,679 $ 2,990,657 $ 3,166,898 $ 742,753 $ 404,371 (1) Income producing CRE office loans with total principal of $602.4 million and multifamily loans with total principal of $837.3 million as of September 30, 2025 are included within income producing - commercial real estate. The charts below represent their maturities schedules. Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL is an estimate based on many factors which reflect management’s assessment of the risk in the loan portfolio. Those factors include economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the portfolio, performance of the portfolio and internal loan processes of the Company and Bank. A full discussion of the accounting for ACL is contained in "Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the Consolidated Financial Statements and activity in the ACL is contained in "Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Also, refer to "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" above for further discussion of the methodology which management employs to maintain an adequate ACL, as well as "Provision for Credit Losses" above for a discussion of the Company's calculation of the provision for credit losses during the three and nine months September 30, 2025 and 2024. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 60 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL for loans as of September 30, 2025 was $156.2 million, which reflected an increase of $41.8 million from $114.4 million as of December 31, 2024. The ACL represented 2.14% of total loans as of September 30, 2025 as compared to 1.44% as of December 31, 2024. Management believes the ACL as of September 30, 2025 is adequate to absorb estimated losses inherent in the portfolio following the loss recognition of high-risk loans concentrated in the commercial real estate office segment, during the second and third quarters of 2025, that resulted in an elevated rate of charge-offs for the first nine months of 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the allowance represented 132% of nonperforming loans as compared to 55% as of December 31, 2024. The increase in the ACL for loans at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, was primarily due to increased reserves for the Bank's CRE office overlay. The overlay increased as charge-offs taken during the current period, and negative risk rating migration within the CRE office portfolio, were incorporated into the calculation. Negative risk rating migration within the CRE office portfolio during the first nine months of 2025 were primarily a result of continued market deterioration. In addition, the ACL on individually assessed loans also increased as updated valuation information was received, primarily on loans that migrated to nonperforming status during the current period. As part of its comprehensive loan review process, the Bank’s Risk Committee evaluates loans which are past due 30 days or more. The Committee makes an assessment of the conditions and circumstances surrounding delinquent and potential problem loans. The Bank’s loan policy requires that loans be placed on nonaccrual if they are 90 days past due or if their collection is deemed to be doubtful, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. The Credit Administration department analyzes the status of development and construction projects, including sales activities and utilization of interest reserves in order to assess potential increased levels of risk which may require additional reserves. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans rated special mention had an amortized cost of $423.7 million and $244.8 million, respectively, and loans rated substandard had an amortized cost of $534.8 million and $426.4 million, respectively. The increase in substandard loans was primarily attributable to additions in CRE loans, particularly in income producing - commercial real estate as weaknesses in borrower performance were identified during our credit monitoring processes. As of September 30, 2025, 100% and 77% of special mention and substandard loans, respectively, were current. Based upon their status as potential problem loans, loans risk rated special mention or substandard receive heightened scrutiny. Additionally, the Company's credit loss allowance methodology incorporates increased reserve factors for office loans considered potential problem loans as compared to the general portfolio. Management recognizes the risks inherent in the CRE portfolio and remains focused on maintaining disciplined portfolio management and a robust risk rating process. The Bank has implemented enhanced analytical procedures for evaluating credit requests, refined its risk rating framework, and strengthened ongoing monitoring of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ACL—particularly for CRE and construction loans, including those secured by office properties. These efforts include the use of stress testing analyses. Additionally, fair value assessments of loans acquired are included in our analytical procedures. The loan portfolio analysis process is ongoing and proactive to support the Company's objective of maintaining a portfolio of quality credits and quickly identifying weaknesses before they become more severe. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's performing office coverage ratio, which calculates the ACL attributable to loans collateralized by performing office properties as a percentage of total loans, was 11.36% and 3.81%, respectively. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 61 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Allowance for Credit Losses The table below presents activity in the allowance for credit losses. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 Balance at beginning of period $ 114,390 $ 85,940 Charge-offs: Commercial (1,497) (4,150) Income producing - commercial real estate (197,582) (21,329) Owner occupied - commercial real estate (19,797) (3,800) Real estate mortgage - residential — — Construction - commercial and residential (17,837) (129) Other consumer (35) (88) Total charge-offs (236,748) (29,496) Recoveries: Commercial 436 220 Income producing - commercial real estate 329 185 Owner occupied - commercial real estate 63 71 Total recoveries 828 476 Net charge-offs (235,920) (29,020) Provision for credit losses - loans 277,758 54,947 Balance at end of period $ 156,228 $ 111,867 Annualized ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period 4.02 % 0.48 % The table below displays the allocation of the ACL by loan category and the percentage of allowance in each category. The allocation of the allowance as of September 30, 2025 includes the allowance for credit losses of $24.7 million against individually assessed loans of $119.1 million, as compared to allowance for credit losses of $17.1 million against individually assessed loans of $208.7 million as of December 31, 2024. The allocation of the allowance to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses or charge-offs and does not restrict the usage of the allowance to absorb losses in any category. The Company has updated its allocation methodology to better reflect the ACL attributable to loan categories and collateral types. Conforming changes have been made to prior period amounts. These reclassifications had no effect on net income (loss) or shareholders' equity. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Amount % of Total ACL % of Total Loans Amount % of Total ACL % of Total Loans Commercial $ 24,242 16 % 17 % $ 16,293 14 % 15 % Income producing - commercial real estate 95,395 61 % 47 % 65,375 57 % 51 % Owner occupied - commercial real estate 20,149 13 % 20 % 19,295 17 % 16 % Real estate mortgage - residential 357 — % 1 % 472 — % 1 % Construction - commercial and residential 13,983 9 % 14 % 11,333 10 % 15 % Construction - C&I (owner occupied) 1,561 1 % — % 1,079 1 % 1 % Home equity 515 — % 1 % 515 1 % 1 % Other consumer 26 — % — % 28 — % — % Total $ 156,228 100 % 100 % $ 114,390 100 % 100 % Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 62 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Allowance for Credit Losses The table below displays the allocation of the ACL specific to income producing - commercial real estate loans by collateral type. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Hotel & motel $ 4,045 4 % $ 3,294 5 % Industrial 1,566 2 % 2,301 4 % Mixed use 2,931 3 % 4,617 7 % Multifamily 9,170 10 % 8,041 12 % Office 67,664 71 % 38,040 58 % Retail 3,182 3 % 4,658 7 % Single / 1-4 Family & Res. Condo 943 1 % 987 2 % Other 5,894 6 % 3,437 5 % Total ACL - Income producing - commercial real estate loans $ 95,395 100 % $ 65,375 100 % Nonperforming Assets The Company’s nonperforming assets are comprised of the amortized cost of loans delinquent 90 days or more, and nonaccrual HFI loans, which includes the nonperforming portion of loan modifications, and the carrying value of other real estate owned ("OREO"). Nonperforming assets totaled $133.3 million as of September 30, 2025, representing 1.23% of total assets, as compared to $211.4 million as of December 31, 2024, representing 1.90% of total assets. The decrease was primarily due to charge offs of nonaccrual loans and changes in nonperforming loans discussed below. As of September 30, 2025, nonaccrual HFS loans totaling $121.3 million were excluded from nonperforming assets since they are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and are not reflected in credit metrics. The Company had no accruing loans that were 90 days or more past due as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Management prioritizes remaining attentive to early signs of deterioration in borrowers’ financial conditions and to taking action designed to mitigate risk. The Company places loans on nonaccrual status if it deems collection to be doubtful. The Company believes, based on its loan portfolio risk analysis that its ACL at 2.14% of total loans as of September 30, 2025, is adequate to absorb expected credit losses within the loan portfolio at that date. Total nonperforming loans had an amortized cost of $118.6 million as of September 30, 2025, representing 1.62% of total loans, compared to $208.7 million as of December 31, 2024, representing 2.63% of total loans. This decrease was primarily driven by the reduction of nonperforming loans in the income-producing commercial real estate category. The CECL standard allows for institutions to evaluate individual loans in the event that the asset does not share similar risk characteristics with its original segmentation. This can occur due to credit deterioration, increased collateral dependency or other factors leading to impairment. In particular, the Company individually evaluates loans on nonaccrual status, though it may individually evaluate other loans or groups of loans as well if it determines they no longer share similar risk with their assigned segment. Reserves on individually assessed loans are determined by one of two methods: the fair value of collateral or the discounted cash flow. Fair value of collateral is used for loans determined to be collateral dependent, and the fair value represents the net realizable value of the collateral, adjusted for sales costs, commissions, senior liens, etc. Discounted cash flow is used on loans that are not collateral dependent where structural concessions have been made and continuing payments are expected. The continuing payments are discounted over the expected life at the loan’s original contract rate and include adjustments for risk of default. Nonperforming assets include loans that the Company considers to be individually assessed. Individually assessed loans are defined as those as to which we believe it is probable that we will not collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans that do not share risk characteristics consistent with similar loans are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent financial assets where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 63 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Nonperforming Assets collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the NPV from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the financial asset. Generally, collateral valuations associated with individually assessed loans are updated on not less than an annual basis. As part of our credit risk management process, we periodically reassess the value of collateral supporting commercial real estate loans, particularly in periods of market volatility. Normally, we obtain updated valuations when borrower performance suggests that repayment may become dependent on the underlying real estate and we determine that existing collateral values may not reflect current market conditions. This approach focuses on loans where cash flow coverage has deteriorated and where guarantor support appears uncertain or insufficient. In some cases when a loan is downgraded late in a quarter, a new valuation may not be obtained until the following quarter. In evaluating whether a new valuation is warranted, we consider a range of factors, including trends in local property markets, changes in capitalization rates and lease terms, the availability and terms of financing for comparable properties, and observable shifts in supply-demand dynamics. We also assess property-specific factors such as deferred maintenance or improvements, zoning or regulatory changes, environmental matters, and other conditions that may materially influence value. Passage of time alone does not drive our valuation decisions; rather, we apply a judgment-based framework informed by current market data and asset-specific analysis. The objectives of this process are to have our collateral estimates reflect current market conditions and to support timely and appropriate credit loss recognition as conditions evolve. The Company evaluates all loan modifications according to the accounting guidance to determine if the modification results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Modifications with terms not as favorable to the Company as the terms for comparable loans to other customers with similar collection risk who are not refinancing or restructuring a loan with the Company and which have a direct impact on cash flows are considered modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. A loan that is considered a modified loan may be evaluated for disclosure if the commitment is $500 thousand or greater. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status, foreclosure or repossession of the collateral to minimize economic loss to the Company. Commercial and consumer loans modified are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If loans modified in a loan restructuring subsequently default, the Company evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Bank modified 29 loans with a total amortized cost of $199.2 million as of September 30, 2025 (2.7% of the loan portfolio). These loans received extended loan terms of between approximately 2 to 36 months. As of September 30, 2025, the payment status of 38 loans modified in the preceding twelve months, totaling $218.1 million of amortized cost basis, included 26 loans with a total amortized cost basis $171.0 million which were performing under their modified terms and 11 loans with a total amortized cost basis of $44.3 million which were on nonaccrual status . Management, from time-to-time and in the ordinary course of business, implements renewals, modifications, extensions and/or changes in terms of loans to borrowers who have the ability to repay on reasonable market-based terms, as circumstances may warrant, and therefore, such modifications are not considered to be loan restructurings to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, as the accommodation of a borrower's request does not rise to the level of a concession if the modified transaction is at market rates and terms and/or the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. For example: (1) adverse weather conditions may create a short term cash flow issue for an otherwise profitable retail business which suggests a temporary interest only period on an amortizing loan; (2) there may be delays in absorption on a real estate project which reasonably suggests extension of the loan maturity at market terms; or (3) there may be maturing loans to borrowers with demonstrated repayment ability who are not in a position at the time of maturity to obtain alternate long-term financing. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 64 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Nonperforming Assets Included in nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2025 was OREO of $14.7 million, consisting of six foreclosed properties, compared to OREO of $2.7 million, consisting of five foreclosed properties as of December 31, 2024. OREO properties are carried at the lower of cost or at fair value less estimated costs to sell. It is the Company's policy to generally obtain third party appraisals prior to foreclosure and to obtain updated third party appraisals on OREO properties generally not less frequently than annually. Generally, the Company obtains updated appraisals or evaluations where it has reason to believe, based upon market indications (such as comparable sales, a scenario in which the Company is considering legitimate offers below carrying value, broker indications and similar factors), that the current appraisal does not accurately reflect current value. There were two OREO sales in nine months ended September 30, 2025 and two in nine months ended September 30, 2024, generating proceeds of $769 thousand and $656 thousand, respectively. The table below presents the amounts of nonperforming assets, including loans at amortized cost and OREO at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. As of (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Nonaccrual Loans: Commercial $ 17,539 $ 2,048 Income producing - commercial real estate 57,346 168,454 Owner occupied - commercial real estate 14,647 37,744 Real estate mortgage - residential 6,141 157 Construction - commercial and residential 22,475 — Home equity 499 303 Total nonperforming loans (1) 118,647 208,706 Other real estate owned 14,684 2,743 Total nonperforming assets $ 133,331 $ 211,449 Coverage ratio: allowance for credit losses to total nonperforming loans 132 % 55 % Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans 1.62 % 2.63 % Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets 1.23 % 1.90 % (1) Excludes nonaccrual HFS loans totaling $121.3 million and zero as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Significant variation in the amount of nonperforming loans may occur from period to period because the amount of nonperforming loans depends largely on the condition of a relatively small number of individual credits and borrowers relative to the total loan portfolio. Other Earning Assets As part of its employee benefits and financing strategies, the Company has invested in Bank-Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI") policies. BOLI serves as a tax-efficient asset designed to offset the cost of employee benefit obligations. The Company views BOLI as a long-term investment to help fund future benefit expenses. As of September 30, 2025, the cash surrender value of BOLI totaled $330.4 million, compared to $115.8 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase reflects earnings on the policies as well as additional BOLI purchased through premium payments made in the first nine months of 2025. Deposits and Other Borrowings The principal sources of funds for the Bank are core deposits, consisting of demand deposits, money market accounts, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal ("NOW") accounts, savings accounts, and certificates of deposits. The deposit base includes transaction accounts, time and savings accounts and accounts which customers use for cash management and which provide the Bank with a source of fee income and cross-marketing opportunities, as well as an attractive source of lower cost funds. To meet funding needs during periods of high loan demand and seasonal variations in core deposits, the Bank regularly utilizes alternative funding sources such as secured borrowings from the FHLB, federal funds purchased lines of credit from correspondent banks and brokered deposits. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 65 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Deposits and Other Borrowings The table below presents the Bank’s deposit composition by balance and percentage. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Balance Percentage Balance Percentage Noninterest-bearing demand $ 1,577,197 17 % $ 1,544,403 17 % Interest-bearing transaction 932,500 10 % 1,211,791 13 % Savings and money market 3,702,579 39 % 3,599,221 39 % Time deposits 3,251,283 34 % 2,775,663 31 % Total $ 9,463,559 100 % $ 9,131,078 100 % For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, deposits increased primarily as the result of growth in time deposits from the company's digital acquisition channel and savings and money market accounts, partially offset by a decrease in interest-bearing transaction accounts. No single depositor represented more than 10% of total deposits as of September 30, 2025. The ten largest depositors not associated with brokered pass-through relationships represented approximately 18% of total deposits as of September 30, 2025. The Company maintains a significant deposit relationship with a third-party payments processor, whose business results in deposit inflows and outflows on an ongoing basis, which contributes to variations in period end balances compared to average deposit balances. The Bank accepts brokered time deposits generally in denominations of less than $250 thousand from brokerage networks, including IntraFi Network, LLC ("IntraFi"). The Bank participates in IntraFi's CDARS and the ICS programs, which provide for reciprocal ("two-way") transactions among banks to maximize FDIC insurance. ICS also allows for the sale of deposits into the IntraFi Network ("One-Way Sale") which provides FDIC insurance for the depositor without reciprocal deposits returned to the Bank. Deposits sold through the IntraFi One-Way Sale process are not included in the Bank’s deposit totals. The sale of ICS deposits allows the Bank to moderate the fluctuation of deposit balances. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank sold de minimis deposits through the IntraFi One-Way Sale network. The total of reciprocal deposits as of September 30, 2025 was $1.4 billion (15% of total deposits) as compared to $1.4 billion (16% of total deposits) as of December 31, 2024. These sources are believed by the Company to represent a reliable and cost efficient alternative funding source for the Bank, but there can be no assurance that they will continue to be adequate or appropriate to meet our liquidity needs. The Bank also is able to obtain one way CDARS deposits and participates in IntraFi’s Insured Network Deposit Program ("IND"). The Bank had $643.3 million and $894.7 million of IND brokered deposits as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. However, to the extent that the condition or reputation of the Company or Bank deteriorates, or to the extent that there are significant changes in market interest rates which the Company and Bank do not elect to match, or if aggregate funding available to banks changes due to changes in the marketplace, we may experience an outflow of brokered deposits or difficulty with obtaining them in the future. In that event, we would be required to obtain alternate sources for funding, which may increase our cost of funds and negatively impact our net interest margin. We have used brokered deposits and intend to continue to use brokered deposits as one of our funding sources. As of September 30, 2025, total brokered deposits were $3.5 billion, or 37% of total deposits, compared to $4.0 billion, or 44% as of December 31, 2024. These brokered deposits were comprised of savings, money market and other interest-bearing transaction accounts of $2.4 billion and $2.7 billion, and time deposits of $910.5 million and $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company uses the Call Report definitions for regulatory reporting by the Bank to classify its deposits as brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, total deposits included estimated totals of $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion of uninsured deposits, which represented 24% and 24% of total deposits, respectively. The Company has offered a sweep account, or "customer repurchase agreement," allowing qualifying businesses to earn interest on short-term excess funds, which are not suited for either a certificate of deposit or a money market account. The balances in these accounts were $13.7 million as of September 30, 2025 compared to $33.2 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company is winding down this product offering and anticipates further reductions in the near term. Customer repurchase agreements are not deposits and are not insured by the FDIC, but are collateralized by U.S. agency securities and/or U.S. agency-backed MBS. The Company had no outstanding balances under its federal funds lines of credit provided by correspondent banks (which are unsecured) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 66 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Balance Sheet Analysis | Deposits and Other Borrowings As of September 30, 2025, the company had no outstanding FHLB advances compared to $490 million as of December 31, 2024. The decline in FHLB advances reflects the increase in the Company's deposits. Any outstanding FHLB advances are secured by collateral consisting of specifically pledged marketable investment securities, a blanket lien on qualifying loans in the Bank’s commercial mortgage, residential mortgage and home equity loan portfolios. On September 30, 2024, the Company closed a private placement of its 10.00% senior unsecured debt totaling $77.7 million maturing on September 30, 2029 (the "2029 Senior Notes" or "Original Notes"). As of September 30, 2025, the carrying value of these 2029 Senior Notes was $76.3 million which reflected $1.3 million in unamortized deferred financing costs that are being amortized over the life of the 2029 Senior Notes. In connection with the issuance of the 2029 Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement dated September 30, 2024 with the purchasers of the 2029 Senior Notes ("Registration Rights Agreement"). Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company filed an exchange offer registration statement with the SEC to exchange the Senior Notes for substantially identical notes registered under the Securities Act ("Exchange Notes"). The terms of the Exchange Notes are identical to the terms of the Original Notes, except that the transfer restrictions and registration rights applicable to the Original Notes do not apply to the Exchange Notes. The Company completed the exchange offer on January 16, 2025. Commitments and Contractual Obligations The table below displays the loan commitments outstanding and lines and letters of credit. As of (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Unfunded loan commitments $ 1,560,155 $ 1,318,133 Unfunded lines of credit 78,364 88,305 Letters of credit 59,638 69,051 Total $ 1,698,157 $ 1,475,489 Various commitments to extend credit are made in the normal course of banking business. Letters of credit are also issued for the benefit of customers. These commitments are subject to loan underwriting standards and geographic boundaries consistent with the Company’s loans outstanding. Unfunded loan commitments are agreements whereby the Bank has made a commitment to lend to a customer as long as there is satisfaction of the terms or conditions established in the contract and the borrower has accepted the commitment in writing. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee before the commitment period is extended. In many instances, borrowers are required to meet performance milestones in order to draw on a commitment as is the case in construction loans, or to have a required level of collateral in order to draw on a commitment as is the case in asset based lending credit facilities. As of September 30, 2025, there were no material unfunded loan commitments to borrowers whose existing loans were considered criticized and classified loans. Collateral obtained varies and may include certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential and CRE. Since commitments may expire without being drawn, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Unfunded lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of the terms or conditions established in the contract. Lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since lines of credit may expire without being drawn, the total unfunded line of credit amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Letters of credit include standby and commercial letters of credit. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance by the Bank's customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit generally become payable upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party. Standby letters of credit are generally not drawn. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and a third party. The contractual amount of these letters of credit represents the maximum potential future payments guaranteed by the Bank. The Bank has recourse against the customer for any amount it is required to pay to a third party under a letter of credit, and holds cash and or other collateral on those standby letters of credit for which collateral is deemed necessary. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 67 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Liquidity Management Liquidity Management Liquidity is a measure of the Company’s and Bank’s ability to meet loan demand and to satisfy depositor withdrawal requirements in an orderly manner. The Bank’s primary sources of liquidity consist of cash and cash balances due from correspondent banks, excess reserves at the Federal Reserve, loan repayments, federal funds sold and other short-term investments, maturities and sales of investment securities, income from operations and new core deposits into the Bank. Approximately 55% of the Company's investment portfolio of debt securities is held as available-for-sale which allows flexibility to generate cash from sales as needed to meet ongoing cash needs. These securities can also be utilized as pledged assets that provide secondary liquidity through the form of additional available borrowings. These sources of liquidity are considered primary and are supplemented by the ability of the Company and Bank to borrow funds or issue brokered deposits, which are termed secondary sources of liquidity. Investment securities that are classified as held-to-maturity can also be used as collateral to pledge against additional borrowings. The table below summarizes the Company's secondary sources of liquidity in use and available. As of September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands) Secondary Sources of Liquidity in Use Secondary Sources of Remaining Liquidity Available Unsecured brokered deposits (1) $ 938,527 $ 1,186,756 FHLB secured borrowings — 1,443,069 FRB: Discount window secured borrowings — 1,717,794 Federal funds lines — 145,000 Customer repurchase agreements 13,725 — Unpledged assets: (2) Interest-bearing deposits with banks — 9,223 Investment securities — 262,908 Total $ 952,252 $ 4,764,750 (1) The available liquidity from the unsecured brokered deposits represents unsecured funds under one-way CDARS, ICS, and other brokered deposits that would require then current market rates and be dependent on the availability of funds in those networks. (2) Unpledged assets are comprised of unencumbered assets that could be liquidated or used as collateral to obtain additional liquidity through debt financing. The funding mix has continued to change throughout the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Deposits were $9.46 billion and $9.13 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The increase of $332.5 million and funding mix change was primarily attributable to a $475.6 million increase in time deposits and $103.4 million increase in savings and money market accounts, partially offset by a $279.3 million reduction in interest-bearing transaction accounts. The growth was due to increase in time deposits through the digital acquisition channel during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as discussed in "Deposits and Other Borrowings" above. Short-term borrowings were zero and $490.0 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Additionally, the Bank can purchase up to $145.0 million in federal funds on an unsecured basis from its correspondents, against which there were no amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and can borrow unsecured funds under one-way CDARS and ICS brokered deposits in the amount of $1.1 billion, against which there was $107 million outstanding as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank also has custodial agreements with various broker-dealers through IntraFi's IND program which provided $643.0 million of brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2025, the Bank was also eligible to draw advances from the FHLB up to $1.4 billion based on assets pledged as collateral to the FHLB, against which the Bank borrowed none as of September 30, 2025. The Bank may enter into repurchase agreements as well as obtain additional borrowing capabilities from certain broker-dealers provided adequate collateral exists to secure these lending relationships. The Bank also has a back-up borrowing facility through the Discount Window at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ("Federal Reserve Bank"). This facility, which can be used to borrow up to $1.7 billion, is collateralized with specific loan assets and Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 68 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Liquidity Management investment securities identified to the Federal Reserve Bank. It is anticipated that, except for periodic testing, this facility would be utilized for contingency funding only. There can be no assurance, however, that these alternative sources of liquidity will continue to be available or will be sufficient to meet our ongoing liquidity needs. The Bank's aggregate borrowing capacity as of September 30, 2025 was $3.4 billion, which consists of $1.4 billion borrowing capacity from FHLB, $1.7 billion borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve's Discount Window as discussed above, and $262.9 million of unencumbered HTM securities available to pledge. The loss of deposits, including through disintermediation, is one of the primary risks to liquidity. Disintermediation occurs most commonly when rates rise and depositors withdraw deposits seeking higher rates in alternative savings and investment sources than the Bank may offer. The Bank makes deposit interest rate comparisons weekly and makes adjustments from time to time to ensure its interest rate offerings are competitive. There is, however, a risk that the cost of funds will increase significantly as the Bank competes for deposits or that some deposits would be lost if rates were to increase and the Bank elected not to remain competitive with its deposit rates. Under those conditions, the Bank believes that it is well positioned to use other sources of funds such as FHLB borrowings, brokered deposits, repurchase agreements and correspondent bank lines of credit to offset a decline in deposits in the short run, but the use of such sources may negatively impact net interest margin and earnings. The continuing elevated cost of funding has negatively impacted our net interest margin. There can be no assurance that the mix of sources of funds available to us at any particular time in the future will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs. However, the market for customer and brokered deposits is highly competitive and the risk of disintermediation is high, particularly in a high interest rate environment. Most of our noninterest-bearing deposits are operating deposits or compensating balances that are held in connection with lending relationships. The potential outflow of such deposits is a risk unless competitive rates of interest are paid, which could significantly and negatively impact the Bank’s interest expense and net interest margin. Over the long-term, an adjustment in assets and change in business emphasis could compensate for a potential loss of deposits. The Bank also maintains a marketable investment portfolio to provide flexibility in the event of liquidity needs. The Asset Liability Committee ("ALCO") has adopted policy guidelines, which emphasize the importance of core deposits, adequate asset liquidity and a contingency funding plan. The Company believes it maintains sufficient primary and secondary sources of liquidity to fund its operations. As of September 30, 2025, primary sources of liquidity were $2.1 billion, comprising interest-bearing deposits with other banks and other short-term investments and AFS securities. Secondary sources of liquidity as of September 30, 2025 were $4.8 billion, which included the FHLB unused availability, other insured brokered deposit sweep programs, unpledged HTM securities, Fed funds lines, and the FRB Discount Window. As of September 30, 2025, under the Bank’s liquidity formula, it had $6.9 billion of primary and secondary liquidity sources. Management believes the amount is adequate to meet current and projected funding needs. Capital Resources and Adequacy The assessment of capital adequacy depends on a number of factors such as asset quality and mix, liquidity, earnings performance, changing competitive conditions and economic forces, stress testing, regulatory measures and policy, as well as the overall level of growth and complexity of the balance sheet. The adequacy of the Company’s current and future capital needs is monitored by management on an ongoing basis. Management seeks to maintain a capital structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and to absorb potential losses. The federal banking regulators have issued guidance for those institutions, which are deemed to have concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Pursuant to the supervisory criteria contained in the guidance for identifying institutions with a potential commercial real estate concentration risk, institutions which have total reported loans for construction, land development and other land acquisitions which represent 100% or more of an institution’s total risk-based capital; or total commercial real estate loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital; or the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months are identified as having potential commercial real estate concentration risk. Institutions which are deemed to have concentrations in commercial real estate lending are expected to employ heightened levels of risk management with respect to their commercial real estate portfolios and may be required to hold higher levels of capital. The Company, like many community banks, has commercial real estate loans. Although growth in that segment declined over the past 36 months and did not exceed the 50% threshold laid out in the regulatory guidance, we expect the heightened supervisory expectations to continue to apply to us given the federal banking regulators’ general focus on commercial real estate exposures at banks. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 69 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Capital Resources and Adequacy As of September 30, 2025, the Company continued to exceed the construction, land development, and other land acquisitions regulatory concentration threshold, and we continue to monitor our concentration in commercial real estate lending and remain in compliance with the guidance issued by the federal banking regulators. Construction, land and land development loans represented 111.7% of total capital as of September 30, 2025. Management has extensive experience in commercial real estate lending, and has implemented and continues to maintain heightened risk management procedures and strong underwriting criteria with respect to its commercial real estate portfolio. Loan monitoring practices include but are not limited to periodic stress testing analysis to evaluate changes to cash flows, owing to interest rate increases and declines in net operating income. Nevertheless, as our commercial real estate concentration fluctuates each quarter, we may be required to maintain higher levels of capital, which could require us to obtain additional capital and may adversely affect shareholder returns. The Company seeks to manage the risks relating to commercial real estate and its capital adequacy through the development and implementation of its Capital Policy and Capital Plan, the preparation of pro-forma projections including stress testing and the development of internal minimum targets for regulatory capital ratios that are subject to approval by the Board and in excess of well capitalized ratios. The Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. As of September 30, 2025, the capital position of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank, continue to exceed regulatory requirements and well-capitalized guidelines. The primary indicators relied on by bank regulators in measuring the capital position are four ratios as follows: Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, Total risk-based capital ratio, the Leverage ratio and the CET1 ratio. Tier 1 capital consists of common and qualifying preferred shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangibles. Total risk-based capital consists of Tier 1 capital and the qualifying portion of the ACL. Risk-based capital ratios are calculated with reference to risk-weighted assets, which are prescribed by regulation. The measure of Tier 1 capital to average assets for the prior quarter is often referred to as the leverage ratio. The CET1 ratio is the Tier 1 capital ratio but excluding preferred stock. The Prompt Corrective Action ("PCA") regulations provide five categories, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized; however, these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a bank is adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to, among other things, accept, renew or roll-over brokered deposits. If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions and growth and expansion are limited, and plans for capital restoration are required. If a bank is not well-capitalized, interest rate restrictions apply. The FRB and the FDIC have adopted the Basel III Rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks. Under the Basel III Rules, the Company and Bank are required to maintain a CET1 ratio of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, effectively resulting in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%; a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%, or 8.5% with the fully phased in capital conservation buffer; a minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 10.5% with the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer; and a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. The Basel III Rules also increased risk weights for certain assets and off-balance-sheet exposures. As of September 30, 2025, the Company and the Bank exceeded all these thresholds. The Company announced a regular quarterly cash dividend on October 22, 2025 of $0.010 per share to shareholders of record on November 3, 2025, to be paid on November 14, 2025. The ability of the Company to continue to grow is dependent on its earnings and those of the Bank, the ability to obtain additional funds for contribution to the Bank’s capital, through additional borrowings, through the sale of additional common stock or preferred stock or through the issuance of additional qualifying capital instruments, such as subordinated debt. The capital levels required to be maintained by the Company and Bank may be impacted as a result of the Bank’s concentrations in commercial real estate loans. The Company’s capital ratios were all well in excess of requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board and the Bank’s capital ratios were in excess of those required to be classified as a "well capitalized" institution under the PCA provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 70 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Capital Resources and Adequacy The table below presents the actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and Bank. Company Bank Minimum Required For Capital Adequacy Purposes (1) To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations (2) (dollars in thousands) Actual Amount Ratio Actual Amount Ratio As of September 30, 2025 CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets) $ 1,221,090 13.58 % $ 1,235,583 13.82 % 7.00 % 6.50 % Total capital (to risk weighted assets) 1,334,058 14.83 % 1,347,890 15.08 % 10.50 % 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) 1,221,090 13.58 % 1,235,583 13.82 % 8.50 % 8.00 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) 1,221,090 10.40 % 1,235,583 10.57 % 4.00 % 5.00 % As of December 31, 2024 CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets) $ 1,369,643 14.63 % $ 1,373,857 14.76 % 7.00 % 6.50 % Total capital (to risk weighted assets) 1,484,420 15.86 % 1,488,635 16.00 % 10.50 % 10.00 % Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) 1,369,643 14.63 % 1,373,857 14.76 % 8.50 % 8.00 % Tier 1 capital (to average assets) 1,369,643 10.74 % 1,373,857 10.82 % 4.00 % 5.00 % (1) The risk-based ratios reflect the minimum requirement plus the capital conservation buffer of 2.50%. (2) Applies to the Bank only. Federal bank and holding company regulations, as well as Maryland law, impose certain restrictions on capital distributions, including dividend payments and share repurchases by the Bank, as well as restricting extensions of credit and transfers of assets between the Bank and the Company. Asset/Liability Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk A fundamental risk in banking is exposure to market risk, specifically interest rate risk, since a bank’s earnings are largely dependent on net interest income. The Bank’s ALCO formulates and monitors the management of interest rate risk through policies and guidelines established by it and overseen by the Audit Committee and the full Board of Directors and through review of detailed reports discussed quarterly. In its consideration of risk limits, the ALCO considers the impact on earnings and capital, the level and direction of interest rates, liquidity, local economic conditions, outside threats and other factors. Banking is generally a business of managing the maturity and repricing mismatch inherent in its asset and liability cash flows to provide stable net interest income growth consistent with the Company’s profit objectives. The Company, through its ALCO and ongoing financial management practices, monitors the interest rate environment in which it operates and adjusts the rates and maturities of its assets and liabilities to remain competitive and to achieve its overall financial objectives subject to established risk limits. The loan portfolio decreased 7.9% during the first nine months of 2025. The re-pricing duration on the loan portfolio was 10 months as of September 30, 2025 and 11 months as of December 31, 2024, with fixed-rate loans amounting to 34.0% and 38.1% of total loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Variable and adjustable rate loans comprised 66.0% and 61.9% of total loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Variable rate loans are generally indexed to the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR") or the Wall Street Journal prime interest rate, while adjustable rate loans are indexed primarily to the five year U.S. Treasury interest rate. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 71 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Asset/Liability Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Currently, the cash flows from the investment portfolio have not been reinvested in the investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2025, the amortized cost basis, net of allowance, of the investment portfolio decreased by $313.5 million, or 13.4%, as compared to the balance as of December 31, 2024. The table below presents the percentage mix of securities in the investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Mortgage-backed securities 67% 62% U.S. agency securities 21% 25% Municipal bonds 6% 6% Corporate bonds 6% 6% U.S. treasury bonds —% 1% Total 100% 100% Duration of the investment portfolio (in years) 4.5 4.2 As of September 30, 2025, $69.2 million of corporate bonds were subordinated debt from other financial institutions. Corporate bonds generally, and subordinated debt in particular, pose credit risk such that if any of these issuers were to enter bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, we could experience losses that may be material to operating results and our financial condition. We may also experience increases in provisions for credit losses, adversely affecting our earnings, if the creditworthiness of the issuers declines, whether due to idiosyncratic factors, economic conditions generally or other unforeseen factors or events. The Company has credit Risk Participation Agreements ("RPAs") with institutional counterparties, under which the Company assumes its pro-rata share of the credit exposure associated with a borrower’s performance related to interest rate derivative contracts. The fair value of RPAs is calculated by determining the total expected asset or liability exposure of the derivatives to the borrowers and applying the borrowers’ credit spread to that exposure. Total expected exposure incorporates both the current and potential future exposure of the derivatives, derived from using observable inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, are not speculative and had an asset position with a notional value of $21.6 million as of September 30, 2025. The changes in fair value for these contracts are recognized directly in earnings. The duration of the deposit portfolio increased to 25 months as of September 30, 2025 from 11 months as of December 31, 2024. This increase was attributable to a shift in deposit mix, an increase in time deposits and modeling assumption updates. The Company experienced a total deposit increase of $332.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to a total loan decrease of $630.2 million for the same period. Refer to the "Deposits and Other Borrowings" section above for further discussion of deposits and borrowings. The net unrealized loss before income tax on the AFS securities portfolio was $88.5 million and $141.5 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the net unrealized loss position represented 7.60% of the investment portfolio's book value. Management relies on the use of models in order to measure the expected future impact on interest income of various interest rate environments, as described below. Through its modeling, the Company makes certain estimates that may vary from actual results. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully achieve its optimal asset liability mix, given competitive pressures, customer preferences and the inability to forecast future interest rates and movements with complete accuracy. Our rate risk modeling showed net interest margin expansion in an increased interest rate environment while showing net interest margin compression in a declining interest rate environment. The model's prediction in a rising rate environment is the result of increases in both interest income on variable and adjustable rate loans and interest expense on its deposit liabilities, based on our funding needs, market conditions and certain contractual obligations but with no changes in the mix of assets or liabilities or the spreads we are able to earn. The opposite is true in a falling interest rate environment as decreases in both interest income on variable and adjustable rate loans and interest expense on deposit liabilities drive modest margin compression. The model also assumes a stable interest rate environment after the programmed changes in the yields, which assumes repricing of assets and liabilities as scheduled in a stable environment, which may be quite different than real world conditions. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 72 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Asset/Liability Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk A portion of the of the Company's variable and adjustable rate loans may contain interest rate floors and may provide asset yield protection in a low-interest rate environment; however, they are also expected to delay the impact of increases to market rates on interest income until such floors have been exceeded. In the first nine months ended September 30, 2025, interest rate floors have not been relevant in the current interest rate environment since most variable rate loans are well above their floor rate. The weighted average rate of the Company's variable rate loans had a decrease of approximately 18 basis poin ts from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had a portfolio of $2.6 billion of variable and adjustable rate loans that were subject to interest rate floors with a weighted average rate of 7.03%, which was a 21 basis points decrease from December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, $134.5 million or 1.84% of loans held by the Company were earning interest at their floor rate, as compared to $123.6 million or 1.56% as of December 31, 2024. The Company employs an earnings simulation model (immediate parallel shifts along the yield curve) on a quarterly basis to monitor its interest rate sensitivity and risk and to model its balance sheet cash flows and the related statement of operations effects in different interest rate scenarios. The model utilizes current balance sheet data and attributes and is adjusted for assumptions as to investment maturities including prepayments, loan prepayments, interest rates, and deposit decay rates. Further discussion of the limitations of this analysis are listed below and in the risk factors and other cautionary language included in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K, and in other periodic and current reports filed by the Company with the SEC, including the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The data is then subjected to a "shock test" which assumes a simultaneous change in interest rates up and down 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points, along the entire yield curve, but not below zero. The results are analyzed as to the impact on net interest income over the next twelve and twenty-four month periods and the economic value of equity. For the analysis presented below, as of September 30, 2025, the change in interest rates on interest-bearing deposits could be less than the change in market interest rates with a floor of 0 basis points. The Bank also has deposits with contractual rate terms that mean these deposits will change 100 basis points for every 100 basis points change in market rates. Thus, the overall measure of the correlation between all deposit costs and market rate changes is less than 100%. The Company previously utilized the assumption for its analysis as of December 31, 2024 that all deposit rates changed 100 basis point for a 100 basis point change in market rates. Because competitive market behavior does not necessarily track the trend of interest rates but at times moves ahead of financial market influences, the change in the cost of liabilities may be different than anticipated by the interest rate risk model. If this were to occur, the effects of a rising or declining interest rate environment may not be in accordance with management’s expectations. As quantified in the table below, the Company’s analysis as of September 30, 2025 shows the effect on net interest income over the next 12 months, as well as the effect on the economic value of equity when interest rates are shocked down and up 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points. As of September 30, 2025, the repricing duration of (a) the investment portfolio was 4.5 years, (b) the loan portfolio 0.8 years, (c) the interest-bearing deposit portfolio was 1.5 years, and (d) the borrowed funds portfolio was 3.2 years. The table below displays the result of the simulation analysis on the asset and liability balances. As of September 30, 2025 Change in interest rates (basis points) Percentage change in 12-month net interest income Percentage change in economic value of equity +400 26.2% 18.0% +300 19.6% 14.0% +200 13.0% 9.8% +100 6.5% 5.4% — — — (100) (6.8)% (4.1)% (200) (13.2)% (8.0)% (300) (18.9)% (11.8)% (400) (23.3)% (18.7)% Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 73 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Asset/Liability Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk The results of the simulation are within the relevant policy limits adopted by the Company for percentage change in net interest income. For net interest income, the Company has adopted a policy limit of -8% for a 100 basis point change, -15% for a 200 basis point change, -20% for a 300 basis point change and -25% for a 400 basis point change. For the economic value of equity, the Company has adopted a policy limit of -10% for a 100 basis point change, -20% for a 200 basis point change, -25% for a 300 basis point change and -32% for a 400 basis point change. The decrease in 12-month net interest income of 6.8% given a 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates as of September 30, 2025 compared to a decrease of 1.4% for the same period in 2024. As part of the Company’s ongoing enhancement of the simulation analysis, the Company has been making updates to its model to incorporate, among other things, improvements to certain assumptions, as well as assumptions related to deposits. The difference in the results of the simulation analysis between the third quarter of 2025 and the second quarter of 2025 is attributable to these model updates. Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing table. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or repricing periods, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate mortgage loans, have features that limit changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the loan. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the tables. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their debt may decrease in the event of a significant interest rate increase. While an instantaneous parallel shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under these scenarios, we believe that a non-immediate parallel shifts in interest rates would have a more modest impact. Further, the earnings simulation model does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, the various rate indexes do not move in parallel (e.g. SOFR, Fed Funds), hedging activities we might take and changing product spreads that could mitigate or exacerbate any potential beneficial or adverse impact of changes in interest rates. Another key factor to consider is the behavior of our deposit portfolio. The projected impact on net interest income in the table above assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or mix from the baseline forecast in alternative rate environments. In higher rate scenarios, any customer activity resulting in the replacement of low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits with higher cost deposits or market-based funding would reduce the assumed benefit of those deposits. The projected impact on net interest income in the table above also assumes a static non-maturity deposit beta which may not be an accurate predictor of actual deposit rate changes realized in scenarios of smaller and/or non-parallel interest rate movements. Each of the above analyses may not, on its own, be an accurate indicator of how our net interest income or economic value of equity will be affected by current and future changes in interest rates. Income associated with interest-earning assets and costs associated with interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by changes in interest rates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of changes in interest rates may have a significant impact on net interest income. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate mortgage loans, have features (generally referred to as interest rate caps and floors) that limit changes in interest rates. Prepayment and early withdrawal levels also could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the maturity of certain instruments. ALCO reviews each of the above interest rate sensitivity analyses along with several different interest rate scenarios as part of its responsibility to provide a satisfactory, consistent level of profitability within the framework of established liquidity, loan, investment, borrowing and capital policies. Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures Management uses non-GAAP measures because they provide information to investors about the underlying operational performance and trends of the Company. These disclosures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP and are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures which may be presented by other bank holding companies. Management compensates for these limitations by providing detailed reconciliations between GAAP information and the non-GAAP financial measures. Eagle Bancorp, Inc Third Quarter 2025 Form 10-Q 74 Table of Contents Management's Discussion and Analysis | Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures The table below reconciles the GAAP financial measures to the associated non-GAAP financial measures. For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands except per share data) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Pre-provision net revenue Net interest income $ 68,159 $ 71,843 $ 201,584 $ 217,894 Noninterest income 2,495 6,951 17,116 15,872 Less: Noninterest expense (41,897) (43,614) (130,818) (230,102) Pre-provision net revenue $ 28,757 $ 35,180 $ 87,882 $ 3,664 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Please refer to Item 2 of this report, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", under the caption "Asset/Liability Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk".