Item 4. Controls and Procedures
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Principal Executive
Officer and Principal Financial Officer conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures
as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based on
this evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that in light of the material weaknesses
described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023. See material weaknesses discussed
below in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
(b)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is
responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange
Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
based on the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission.
Our internal control
over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial
Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements
for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation
of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditure are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
A material weakness
is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable
possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely
basis.
As of June 30, 2023,
we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management concluded that
our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of June 30, 2023 due to the following identified material
weaknesses:
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●
Our control environment is inadequate. We have no risk assessment procedures, no formal information or communication process, and no monitoring activities in place. Additionally, we lack policies that require formal written approval for related party transactions.
●
We have not established and/or maintained adequately designed internal controls in order to prevent or detect and correct material misstatements to the financial statements. We do not have controls in place to prevent individuals from manipulating financial data or entering inaccurate data into the accounting software, and there are no controls over the financial reporting close process. Additionally, we lack segregation of duties and review procedures to ensure our financial data is accurate.
●
We lack the necessary accounting resources with sufficient SEC reporting experience, US GAAP knowledge and accounting experience. We also lack the resources to properly account for complex debt and equity transactions and are unable to analyze such transactions timely or in sufficient detail.
Management believes
that despite our material weaknesses, our consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 are fairly stated,
in all material respects, in accordance with GAAP.
(c)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter
ended June 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations Over Internal
Controls
Management, including
our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that disclosure controls and internal controls
will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable,
not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect
the fact that there are no resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because
of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues
and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgements
in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can
be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.