Digi Power X Inc. 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors. An investment in SV Shares should be considered highly speculative due to the nature of the Corporation’s business and its present stage of development. An investment in SV Shares should only be made by knowledgeable and sophisticated investors who are willing to risk and can afford the potential loss of their entire investment. Investors and potential investors should consult with their professional advisors to assess an investment in the Corporation. In evaluating the Corporation and its business, investors should carefully consider, in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report, the risk factors below. The following is a summary only of certain risk factors and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones the Corporation is facing. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Corporation, or that the Corporation currently deems immaterial, may also impair its operations. If any such risks actually occur, the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. See also “ Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements .” Risk Factors Summary The following is a summary of the principal risks that could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and/or operating results. This summary does not address all of the risks associated with an investment in the SV Shares. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk contained below and should carefully consider these risks together with the other information included in this Annual Report. Risks Related to the Corporation’s Business ● We operate in a rapidly evolving industry and have an evolving business model and strategy, which includes our focus on diversification into operating data centers to drive the expansion of sustainable energy assets, as well as maintaining our bitcoin mining and hosting activities. ● The markets in which we participate are highly competitive, and as we enter new markets, we are competing against companies with greater resources and capitalization. ● Our expansion into AI and HPC may divert resources from our core bitcoin mining operations, limit our power capacity for mining, and introduce operational complexity. ● Strategic acquisitions and other arrangements could disrupt our business, cause dilution to our shareholders, reduce our financial resources and harm our operating results. ● Our diversification of our business by utilizing power at our facilities to support HPC and other AI-driven processes may not be profitable and may not occur on our expected timeline. ● Development of data centers and other infrastructure projects could involve significant risks to our business. ● Our strategic focus on HPC support and other AI-driven processes may not be successful. ● If we do not accurately predict our facility requirements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. ● The Corporation is subject to risks associated with the Corporation’s need for significant electrical power and for such electrical power to be available at commercially feasible rates. ● The Corporation’s business may be adversely impacted by technological obsolescence and difficulty in obtaining hardware. ● We may depend on significant customers for our data centers. ● The bitcoin block reward halves approximately every four years, which reduces the number of bitcoin the Corporation would receive from solving blocks. ● The Corporation’s profitability depends upon miners’ hashrate and the network as well as network difficulty. ● If the award of coins for solving blocks and transaction fees are not sufficiently high, miners (other than the Corporation) may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease their mining operations, which could adversely impact the Corporation’s mining operations. ● The Corporation is reliant on a mining pool operator. ● If the Corporation ceases to participate in a mining pool and instead mines independently, it may be subject to certain additional risks, and the impact of existing risks may be heightened. ● There is a possibility of cryptocurrency mining algorithms transitioning to proof of stake validation and other mining related risks, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s business and the value of its shares. ● The Corporation may be unable to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. ● The Corporation may be required to sell its cryptocurrency portfolio to pay for expenses. ● The value of cryptocurrencies may be subject to momentum pricing. ● The price of coins may be affected by the sale of coins by other vehicles investing in coins or tracking cryptocurrency markets. ● Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure. ● The further development and acceptance of the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in cryptocurrencies is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. ● Acceptance and/or widespread use of cryptocurrency is uncertain. ● The Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory may be exposed to cybersecurity threats and hacks. ● The Corporation’s coins may be subject to loss, theft or restriction on access. ● Incorrect or fraudulent coin transactions may be irreversible. ● The Corporation’s operations, investment strategies and profitability may be adversely affected by competition from other methods of investing in cryptocurrencies. 9 ● Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide cryptocurrency-related services or that accept cryptocurrencies as payment. ● The impact of geopolitical events on the supply and demand for cryptocurrencies is uncertain. ● Any use of emerging technologies like AI, machine learning and generative artificial intelligence could lead to unintended consequences and result in reputational harm and litigation. ● Increased scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to the Corporation’s ESG practices and the impacts of climate change may result in additional costs or risks. ● Exposure to environmental liabilities and hazards may result in the imposition of fines, penalties and restrictions on the Corporation. Risks Related to Government Regulation ● Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in the Corporation or restrict the use of cryptocurrencies in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s operations. ● The U.S. political and economic environment could materially impact our business operations, our financial performance, and the global economy. ● If we are required to register as an MSB under FinCEN or other regulations, we may incur significant compliance costs that could impact our business. ● Current regulation regarding the exchange of bitcoins under the CEA by the CFTC is unclear. ● It may be illegal now, or in the future, to mine, acquire, own, hold, sell or use bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, participate in blockchains or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in one or more countries, the ruling of which could adversely affect us. ● Changing environmental regulation and public energy policy may expose our business to new risks. ● If we fail to qualify for certain state government tax incentives or to comply with local tax regulations, we may suffer financial losses. ● Future developments regarding the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income and applicable state, local and non-U.S. tax purposes could adversely impact our business. ● Regulatory developments surrounding AI and HPC may negatively impact the Corporation’s efforts to expand into AI and HPC hosting. ● Regulations and taxes that target energy could increase our costs and adversely affect our business. General Risks Related to the Corporation ● Our loss of foreign private issuer status increases regulatory reporting requirements and associated costs. ● The Corporation is an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company.” ● We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for prior reporting years. ● The Corporation’s success is largely dependent on the performance of the Corporation’s management and executive officers. ● The Corporation may be unable to attract, develop and retain its key personnel and ensure adequate succession planning. ● Uninsured or uninsurable risks could result in significant financial liabilities. ● The Corporation does not currently pay cash dividends and therefore the Corporation’s shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their SV Shares unless they sell them. ● The market price for SV Shares may be volatile, and there is no guarantee that an active or liquid market will be sustained for the SV Shares. ● There are significant legal, accounting and financial costs of being a publicly traded company, which costs may reduce the resources available for the Corporation to deploy on its cryptocurrency mining operations. ● Directors and officers may have a conflict of interest between their duties owed to the Corporation and their interest in other personal or business ventures. ● The Corporation may be subject to litigation arising out of its operations. ● The Corporation has a limited history of operations and is in the early stage of development. ● Ineffective management of growth could result in a failure to sustain the Corporation’s progress. ● The Corporation may be subject to tax liabilities and consequences that could reduce profitability. ● The Corporation may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company. ● If a U.S. Holder (as hereinafter defined) is treated as owning at least 10% of our SV Shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. ● The Corporation may be exposed to risks from exchanging currencies, including currency exchange fees. 10 Risks Related to the Corporation’s Business We operate in a rapidly evolving industry and have an evolving business model and strategy, which includes our focus on diversification into operating data centers to drive the expansion of sustainable energy assets, as well as maintaining our bitcoin mining and hosting activities. To stay current within the digital assets industry that is rapidly evolving, we expect the services and products offered by industry participants, including ourselves, to evolve and, thus, that our business model may need to evolve. From time to time, we have modified, and may again in the future modify, aspects of our business model or engage in various strategic initiatives, which may be complimentary to our bitcoin mining operations. Our growth strategy includes exploring the expansion and diversification of our revenue sources into new markets. For example, we are focusing on diversification into operating data centers to drive the expansion of sustainable energy assets. We cannot offer any assurance that these or any other modifications will be successful or will not result in harm to the business, damage our reputation and limit our growth. Such modifications may increase the complexity of our business and place significant strain on our management, personnel, operations, systems, technical performance, financial resources and internal financial control and reporting functions. Moreover, we may not be able to manage growth effectively, which could damage our reputation, limit our growth and adversely affect our operating results. We cannot provide any assurance that we will successfully identify all emerging trends and growth opportunities within the digital assets industry, the data center market or other markets we seek to expand into, and we may lose out on such opportunities. Additionally, any such changes to our business model or strategy could cause us to become subject to additional regulatory scrutiny and a number of additional requirements, including licensing and permit requirements. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. The markets in which we participate are highly competitive, and, as we enter new markets, we are competing against companies with greater resources and capitalization. We compete in the highly competitive market for certain operational aspects of our bitcoin mining business, including, but not limited to, the acquisition of new miners, obtaining the lowest cost of electricity, obtaining clean energy sources, obtaining access to energy sites with reliable sources of power and evaluating new technology developments in the industry. Evolving industry standards, rapid price changes and product obsolescence impact the market and its various participants, including us. Our competitors include many domestic and foreign companies, many of which have substantially greater financial, marketing, personnel and other resources than we do, which may cause us to be at a competitive disadvantage. The success of our bitcoin mining business will be dependent upon our ability to purchase additional miners, adapt to changes in technology in the industry and to obtain sufficient energy at reasonable prices, amongst other things. As we enter the HPC and AI services market, we face significant competition, which may adversely affect the occupancy and rental rates of our data centers. We now compete with numerous data center providers globally. Some of our competitors and potential competitors have significant advantages over us, including more ready access to capital which allows them to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities. Our growth depends in part on external sources of capital which are outside of our control. 11 Our expansion into AI and HPC may divert resources from our core bitcoin mining operations, limit our power capacity for mining, and introduce operational complexity. While we intend to continue our bitcoin mining operations, the allocation of resources to support AI and HPC development has and may continue to reduce the capital, personnel, infrastructure and power capacity available for our mining business. In particular, diverting power capacity to AI and HPC workloads may limit our ability to deploy that power for mining, which is a highly competitive and capital-intensive industry. As a result, we may be unable to expand our deployed hashrate at the pace of our competitors, potentially diminishing our market share and profitability in that aspect of our business. Managing multiple distinct lines of business may increase operational complexity and place additional demands on our management, technical, and support teams, which could negatively affect our overall performance, strategic execution and profitability. We have engaged in, and in the future may engage in, strategic transactions and other arrangements that could disrupt our business, cause dilution to our shareholders, reduce our financial resources and harm our operating results. We have engaged in strategic transactions, and, as part of our growth strategy, in the future, we may pursue additional opportunities to grow our mining operations or expand our new AI data center business, including through purchases of miners and facilities from other operating companies. Our ability to grow through future acquisitions will depend on the availability of, and our ability to identify, suitable acquisition and investment opportunities at an acceptable cost, our ability to compete effectively to attract those opportunities and the availability of financing to complete acquisitions. Future acquisitions and other strategic transactions may require or cause us to issue SV Shares that would dilute our current shareholders’ percentage ownership, assume or otherwise be subject to liabilities of an acquired company, record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges, incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets, incur large acquisition and integration costs, immediate write-offs, and restructuring and other related expenses and/or become subject to litigation. The benefits of an acquisition may also take considerable time to develop, and we cannot be certain that any particular acquisition will produce the intended benefits in a timely manner or to the extent anticipated or at all. We may experience difficulties integrating the operations, technologies and personnel of an acquired company or become subject to liability for the target’s pre-acquisition activities or operations as a successor in interest. Such integration may divert management’s attention from normal daily operations of our business. Future acquisitions may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience, especially when competitors in such markets have stronger market positions, the possibility of insufficient revenues to offset the expenses we incur in connection with an acquisition and the potential loss of, or harm to, our relationships with employees and suppliers as a result of integration of new businesses. We will face competition for acquisitions in the HPC, AI, and data center market, and certain of our data center competitors may have significant advantages over us, including greater access to capital which allows them to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities. If we cannot continue to grow and expand our data center business through strategic acquisitions, we may not be able to compete effectively, which may adversely impact our operating results, our financial condition and the market price of our securities. The diversification of our business by utilizing power at our facilities to support HPC and other AI-driven processes may not be profitable and may not occur on our expected timeline. We believe the potential for data center hosting complements our current business model with expected stable, long-term and high-margin revenue. We also believe that using our existing infrastructure for data center customers provides more consistent dollar-based revenue and substantially less risk than our traditional bitcoin mining operations. However, the success of our data center services may not develop as anticipated and may be affected by factors such as the reliability and timing of power supply, supply chain disruption (including local labor availability), the implementation of new tariffs and more restrictive trade regulations and changes in in-house specialized expertise to manage the business. If we are unable to implement our data center strategy on a timely basis or at all, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected. 12 Our continued development of Tier III data centers and other infrastructure projects could involve significant risks to our business. The Corporation began the transitioning of its facility in Columbiana, Alabama into a Tier III data center in 2025 and may consider similar transitions and redevelopments for its other sites in the future. Any other development, redevelopment and data center growth or expansion projects that the Corporation may undertake in the future are and may continue to be subject to execution and capital cost risks, including, but not limited to, risks relating to regulatory approvals, financing (including the availability and the terms thereof), cost escalations, cash flow constraints, construction delays, increased prices for and delays in obtaining building supplies, raw materials, and data center equipment, power and grid supply constraints, supply chain constraints, skilled labor and capital constraints, mechanics and other liens, cost reduction plans and strategic reviews. It is not yet known what, if any, risks or obstacles may occur during the subsequent planning and construction stages for Tier III data center development. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks as well as others not yet known to us or not yet deemed to be material may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation, its liquidity and financial condition, its ability to operate, its workforce and its cash flows. Our strategic focus on HPC support and other AI-driven processes may not be successful, and its success, if any, will be dependent on the continuing development and resource and computational requirements of data center service applications, such as cloud computing, machine learning and artificial intelligence and continuing need for the infrastructure and services we provide. If target customer markets, which are new and still developing, do not grow or develop as expected or in a manner consistent with our anticipated business model, our business, financial condition and results of operation would be adversely affected. Further, increases in power costs could negatively impact our target customers’ demand for services, harm our growth prospects and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our success will be dependent in large part on our ability to attract additional customers for our data center services in a profitable manner, which we may not be able to do if, among other risks: ● there is a reduction in the demand for HPC and AI-driven applications or rapid innovation and technological disruption in cloud computing; ● machine learning and artificial intelligence decrease computational requirements and therefore lower demand for data center services; ● high energy costs, supply chain disruptions (including labor availability), government regulation, and compliance costs increase data center service costs, reduce potential demand for services and reduce revenue and profitability; ● we fail to provide competitive hosting terms or effectively market them to potential customers; ● we provide hosting services that are deemed by existing and potential customers or suppliers to be inferior to those of our competitors or that fail to meet customers’ or suppliers’ ongoing and evolving program qualification standards, based on a range of factors, including available power, preferred design features, security considerations and connectivity; ● businesses decide to host internally as an alternative to the use of our services; ● we fail to successfully communicate the benefits of our services to potential customers; ● we are unable to strengthen awareness of our brand; ● we are unable to provide services that our existing and potential customers desire; or ● a combination of the risks described above and elsewhere in this annual report. If we do not accurately predict our facility requirements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The development and maintenance of our facilities to support HPC and AI-driven processes may require us to devote a significant portion of our available cash. In order to manage growth and ensure adequate capacity for our planned and existing operations while minimizing unnecessary excess capacity costs, we regularly evaluate our short- and long-term infrastructure requirements. We may not accurately predict our short- and long-term requirements, and existing or future market demand may not be sufficient to fully utilize our capacity. If we overestimate our capacity requirements or the demand for our offerings and, therefore, secure excess capacity, our operating margins could be materially reduced, and we could experience operating losses. If we underestimate our facility requirements, we may not be able to service our and our customers’ expanding needs and may be required to limit our growth opportunities or new customer acquisition, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 13 The Corporation is subject to risks associated with the Corporation’s need for significant electrical power and for such electrical power to be available at commercially feasible rates. Government regulators may potentially restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to mining operations. The Corporation’s data center and cryptocurrency mining operations require substantial amounts of electrical power, and the Corporation’s operations can only be successful if the Corporation can obtain electrical power on a reliable and cost-effective basis. Shortages of natural gas, infrastructural damage to power plants or power carriage infrastructure, increases in demand for power or any other factor that contributes to a rise in the price of electrical power may render the Corporation’s data center and mining operations unprofitable. Additionally, in times of electricity shortages, government regulators may restrict or prohibit the provision of electricity to data center and/or cryptocurrency mining operations. At the same time, the consumption by energy-intensive businesses, including the Corporation, of significant amounts of electrical power may potentially have a deleterious effect on the environment, which may cause government regulators to restrict the ability of electricity suppliers to provide electricity to such companies in order to curtail their energy consumption. The Corporation currently conducts its cryptocurrency mining in the states of New York and Alabama. As a result of maintaining operations in limited geographic locations, the Corporation’s current and future operations and anticipated growth, as well as the sustainability of electricity at economical prices for the purposes of cryptocurrency mining in the states of New York and Alabama poses certain risks. Any significant increase in the price the Corporation pays for the electrical power it consumes could adversely impact the Corporation’s operations and profitability. The Corporation’s business may be adversely impacted by technological obsolescence and difficulty in obtaining hardware. To remain competitive, the Corporation will continue to invest in hardware and equipment required for maintaining the Corporation’s HPC/AI and cryptocurrency mining activities. Should competitors introduce new services/software embodying new technologies, the Corporation’s hardware and equipment and its underlying technology may become obsolete and require substantial capital to replace such equipment. As we develop our data center services, we may depend on significant customers . Many factors, including global economic conditions, may cause our future data center customers to experience a downturn in their businesses or otherwise experience a lack of liquidity, which may weaken their financial condition and impact our estimates as to the probability of collectability of payments, and ultimately result in their failure to make timely payments or their default under their agreements with us. Further, the development of new technologies, the adoption of new industry standards or other factors could render our future data center customers’ current products and services obsolete or unmarketable and contribute to a downturn in their businesses, thereby increasing the likelihood that they default under their leases, become insolvent or file for bankruptcy. If a customer defaults or fails to make timely rent or other payments, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. If one of our customers becomes a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, we cannot evict the customer solely because of the bankruptcy. In addition, the bankruptcy court might authorize any such customer to reject and terminate its contracts with us. Our claim against any such customer for unpaid, future rent and other payments would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining amounts actually owed under their agreements with us. In either case, our claim for unpaid rent and other amounts would likely not be paid in full. Our revenue could be materially adversely affected if a significant customer were to become bankrupt or insolvent, suffer a downturn in its businesses, fail to renew its contract or renew on terms less favorable to us than its current terms. 14 The bitcoin block reward halves approximately every four years, which reduces the number of bitcoin the Corporation would receive from solving blocks. The difficulty of bitcoin mining, or the amount of computational resources required for a set amount of reward for recording a new block, directly affects the Corporation’s results of operations. Bitcoin mining difficulty is a measure of how much computing power is required to record a new block, and it is affected by the total amount of computing power in the bitcoin network. The bitcoin algorithm is designed so that one block is generated, on average, every ten minutes, no matter how much computing power is in the network. Thus, as more computing power joins the bitcoin network, and assuming the rate of block creation does not change (remaining at one block generated every ten minutes), the amount of computing power required to generate each block, and, hence, the mining difficulty, increases. In other words, based on the current design of the bitcoin network, bitcoin mining difficulty would increase together with the total computing power available in the bitcoin network, which is in turn affected by the number of bitcoin mining machines in operation. In April 2024, the bitcoin daily reward halved from 6.25 bitcoin per block, or approximately 900 bitcoin per day, to 3.125 bitcoin per block, or approximately 450 bitcoin per day. The Corporation continues to monitor the impact of the bitcoin halving event on its operations and will continue to differentiate its revenue streams if necessary. Bitcoin halving events are expected to occur approximately every four years, and each halving event may have a potential deleterious impact on the Corporation’s profitability as the Corporation will be rewarded less bitcoin for each new block it records. The next BTC halving is expected to occur in March 2028, at which time BTC block rewards will decrease from 3.125 BTC per block to 1.5625 BTC per block. While BTC prices have had a history of price fluctuations around BTC halving events, there is no guarantee that any price changes associated with a future halving event will be favorable or would compensate for the reduction in mining reward and the corresponding decrease in the compensation the Corporation receives from its mining operations. Based on the fundamentals of bitcoin mining and historical data on bitcoin prices and the network difficulty rate after a halving event, it is unlikely that the network difficulty rate and price would remain at the current level when the bitcoin rewards per block are halved, which could offset some of the impact of a halving event. Nevertheless, there is a risk that a future halving event may render the Corporation’s bitcoin mining operations to be unprofitable and may adversely impact its ability to continue as a going concern. The Corporation’s profitability depends, in part, upon the hashrate of its miners and of the network as well as network difficulty, any adverse changes in which could reduce the ability of the Corporation to remain competitive. The hashrate in cryptocurrency networks is expected to increase as a result of upgrades across the industry as bitcoin and Ether miners use more efficient chips. As the hashrate increases, the mining difficulty will increase in response to the increase in computing power in the network. This may make it difficult for the Corporation to remain competitive as the Corporation may be required to deploy significant capital to acquire additional miners in order to increase their total mining power and offset the rise in hashrate. The effect of increased computing power in the network combined with fluctuations in the price of bitcoin and Ether could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition. If the award of coins for solving blocks and transaction fees are not sufficiently high, miners (other than the Corporation) may not have an adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease their mining operations, which could adversely impact the Corporation’s mining operations. As the number of coins awarded for solving a block in the blockchain decreases, the incentive for miners to continue to contribute processing power to the network may transition from a set reward to transaction fees. Either the requirement from miners of higher transaction fees in exchange for recording transactions in the blockchain or a software upgrade that automatically charges fees for all transactions may decrease demand for the relevant coins and prevent the expansion of the network to retail merchants and commercial businesses, resulting in a reduction in the market price of the relevant cryptocurrency that could adversely impact the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory and investments. 15 In order to incentivize miners to continue to contribute processing power to the network, the network may either formally or informally transition from a set reward to transaction fees earned upon solving for a block. It is possible this transition could be accomplished either by miners independently electing to record on the blocks they solve only those transactions that include payment of a transaction fee or by the network adopting software upgrades that require the payment of a minimum transaction fee for all transactions. If transaction fees paid for recording transactions in a certain blockchain become too high, the marketplace may be reluctant to use that blockchain to transact and existing users may be motivated to switch between blockchains, cryptocurrencies or back to fiat currency. Decreased use and demand for coins may adversely affect their value and result in a reduction in the market price of coins. If the award of coins for solving blocks and transaction fees for recording transactions are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners, miners may cease expending processing power to solve blocks and confirmations of transactions on the blockchain could be slowed temporarily or for an extended period of time if miners cease operations entirely. A reduction in the processing power expended by miners, including due to miners ceasing their operations, could increase the likelihood of a malicious actor or botnet obtaining control in excess of 50 percent of the processing power active on the blockchain, potentially permitting such actor or botnet to manipulate the blockchain in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s mining activities. Any reduction in confidence in the confirmation process or processing power of the network may adversely impact the Corporation’s mining activities, inventory of coins, and future investment strategies. The Corporation is reliant on a mining pool operator. The Corporation participates in a single mining pool: the Foundry Pool. Consequently, the Corporation’s operations are substantially reliant on the mining pool operator and the terms of services and other terms and conditions that govern its relationship with the mining pool. The mining pool operator has the right to unilaterally modify the service agreement between the mining pool and the Corporation at any time without notice, including the right to modify the payout methodology or mining pool fees. In addition, the Corporation is subject to the risk that the mining pool ceases to make payments to the Corporation for whatever reason, including bankruptcy, insolvency or cessation of its operations, or for no reason. If any modifications to the terms of the mining pool are unattractive or unacceptable to the Corporation or the mining pool ceases to pay the Corporation, it may: (i) join a different mining pool; or (ii) commence mining independently. The cost of switching, if such a switch is ever deemed necessary by the Corporation, is expected to be the lost revenues the Corporation would have earned had it been mining during the period in which it completes the switch. If the Corporation is unable to make such a switch of its operations in a timely manner and its mining operations experience significant down time, it may experience a material adverse change. If the Corporation ceases to participate in a mining pool and instead mines independently, it may be subject to certain additional risks, and the impact of existing risks may be heightened. In the event the Corporation ceases to participate in a mining pool and instead conducts mining operations independently, it may be exposed to certain risks, including that the Corporation could experience a protracted period of failing to solve any blocks, causing a disruption in its revenue stream. In addition, independent mining may heighten the impact of several of the other risks to the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition, many of which are discussed in this “Risk Factors” section, including the effect of future halving events and the possible transition to proof of stake validation. In such circumstances, the Corporation may need to borrow or raise additional capital to fund its operations. There can be no guarantee that the Corporation could obtain any such financing on commercially attractive terms or at all. See the risk factor below under the caption “ The Corporation may be unable to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all .” There is a possibility of cryptocurrency mining algorithms transitioning to proof of stake validation and other mining related risks, which could make the Corporation less competitive and ultimately adversely affect the Corporation’s business and the value of its shares. Proof of stake is an alternative method in validating cryptocurrency transactions that is less dependent on the consumption of electricity. Should the algorithm for validating bitcoin transactions, or transactions involving any cryptocurrency the Corporation mines in the future, shift from the current proof of work validation method to a proof of stake method, mining would likely require less energy, which may render any company that maintains advantages in the current climate (for example, from lower priced electricity, processing, real estate, or hosting) less competitive. The Corporation, as a result of its efforts to optimize and improve the efficiency of its mining operations by seeking to acquire low cost, long-term electricity, may be exposed to the risk in the future of losing the relative competitive advantage it may have over some of its competitors as a result and may be negatively impacted if a switch to proof of stake validation were to occur. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or results of operations, the value of bitcoin and any other cryptocurrencies the Corporation mines in the future and your investment in the SV Shares. 16 The Corporation may be unable to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. Further acquisitions of additional cryptocurrency mining rigs and development of data centers and other infrastructure will require additional capital, and the Corporation will require funds to continue to operate as a public company. T o the extent it becomes necessary to raise additional cash in the future, the Corporation may seek to raise it through the public or private sale of assets, debt or equity securities, the procurement of advances on contracts or licenses, funding from joint-venture or strategic partners, debt financing or short-term loans, or a combination of the foregoing. The Corporation may also seek to satisfy indebtedness without any cash outlay through the private issuance of debt or equity securities. We currently do not have any binding commitments for, or readily available sources of, additional financing; however, any future financing(s) may also be dilutive to the Corporation’s existing shareholders at that time. There is no assurance that the Corporation will be successful in obtaining any required financing(s) or that such financing(s) will be available on terms acceptable to the Corporation. Failure to obtain such additional financing could cause the Corporation to reduce or terminate its operations. The failure to raise or procure such additional funds or the failure to achieve positive cash flow could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of the Corporation’s business objectives, including the acquisition of additional equipment, the expansion of the Corporation’s management team, the pursuit of strategic acquisitions and other aspects of the Corporation’s strategic plan. If the Corporation raises additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of the Corporation’s existing shareholders may be reduced, and such existing shareholders may experience additional dilution in net book value per share. Any such newly issued equity securities may also have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of the Corporation’s SV Shares. If the Corporation raises additional capital through the incurrence of indebtedness, the Corporation may be required to secure the financing with part or all of the Corporation’s assets, which could be sold or retained by the creditor should there be a default in the Corporation’s payment obligations. As a condition to a debt financing, restrictive covenants may be imposed on the Corporation that could limit the ability of the Corporation to operate its business and pursue its corporate strategy and other aspects of its business plan, which could result in the failure to capitalize on otherwise available opportunities and could place the Corporation at a competitive disadvantage compared to its competitors that have less debt. Furthermore, if the Corporation raises capital through a convertible debt offering, any conversion of the debt into equity would be dilutive to the Corporation’s existing shareholders. In connection with any such future capital raising transaction, whether involving the issuance of equity securities or the incurrence of indebtedness, the Corporation may be required to accept terms that restrict its ability to raise additional capital for a period of time, which may limit or prevent the Corporation from raising capital at times when it would otherwise be opportunistic to do so. The Corporation may be required to sell its cryptocurrency portfolio to pay for expenses. The Corporation has in the past, and may in the future, sell part of its cryptocurrency portfolio to pay for expenses incurred, irrespective of the price at that point in time. Consequently, the Corporation’s cryptocurrencies may be sold at a time when the price is low, resulting in a negative effect on the Corporation’s profitability, particularly if there is a need to sell cryptocurrencies to fund the Corporation’s operating activities or expansion goals. The value of cryptocurrencies may be subject to momentum pricing. Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. Cryptocurrency market prices are determined primarily using data from various exchanges, over-the-counter markets and derivative platforms. Momentum pricing may have resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of cryptocurrencies, inflating and making their market prices more volatile. As a result, they may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation (or depreciation) in their market prices, which could adversely affect the value of the cryptocurrency the Corporation mines and holds and thereby negatively affect the Corporation’s shareholders. 17 The price of coins may be affected by the sale of coins by other vehicles investing in coins or tracking cryptocurrency markets. To the extent that other vehicles investing in coins or tracking cryptocurrency markets form and come to represent a significant proportion of the demand for coins, large redemptions of the securities of those vehicles and the subsequent sale of coins by such vehicles could negatively affect cryptocurrency prices and, therefore, affect the value of the inventory held by the Corporation. Cryptocurrency exchanges and other trading venues are relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure. To the extent that cryptocurrency exchanges or other trading venues are involved in fraud or experience security failures or other operational issues, this could result in a reduction in cryptocurrency prices. Cryptocurrency market prices depend, directly or indirectly, on the prices set on exchanges and other trading venues, which are new and, in most cases, largely unregulated as compared to established, regulated exchanges for securities, derivatives and other currencies. For example, during the past three years, a number of bitcoin exchanges have been closed due to fraud, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of the closed bitcoin exchanges were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such bitcoin exchanges. These risks also apply to other cryptocurrency exchanges, including exchanges on which Ether is traded. While smaller exchanges are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that provide larger exchanges with additional stability, larger exchanges may be more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and “malware” (i.e., software used or programmed by attackers to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information or gain access to private computer systems) and may be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement action. The Corporation’s current strategy is to hold its mined cryptocurrencies; however, if the Corporation decides to sell its cryptocurrency in the future, it may rely on a cryptocurrency exchange to facilitate such a sale. Fraud or failure of cryptocurrency exchanges could decrease the number of platforms available to the Corporation to liquidate its holdings and could also decrease public confidence in trading on such exchanges, which may adversely affect the price of cryptocurrencies. Sustained lack of regulation and potential fraud or failure of cryptocurrency exchanges could have a material adverse effect of the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operation. The further development and acceptance of the cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of and transactions in cryptocurrencies is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The use of cryptocurrencies to, among other things, buy and sell goods and services and complete other transactions, is part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that employs digital assets based upon a computer-generated mathematical and/or cryptographic protocol. The growth of this industry in general, and the use of cryptocurrencies in particular, is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and the slowing, or stopping of the development or acceptance of developing protocols may adversely affect the Corporation’s operations. The factors affecting the further development of the industry include, but are not limited to: ● Continued worldwide growth in the adoption and use of cryptocurrencies; ● Governmental and quasi-governmental regulation of cryptocurrencies and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to and operation of the network or similar cryptocurrency systems; ● Changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences; ● The maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of the network; ● The availability and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies; ● General economic conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital assets; and ● Negative consumer sentiment and perception of bitcoins specifically and cryptocurrencies generally. 18 Acceptance and/or widespread use of cryptocurrency is uncertain. Currently, bitcoins and/or other cryptocurrencies are not widely used in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to relatively large use by speculators, thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect the Corporation’s operations, investment strategies, and profitability. As relatively new products and technologies, bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have not been widely adopted as a means of payment for goods and services by major retail and commercial outlets. Conversely, a significant portion of cryptocurrency demand is generated by blockchain technology enthusiasts, price speculators and investors seeking to profit from the short-term or long-term holding of cryptocurrencies. The relative lack of acceptance of cryptocurrencies in the retail and commercial marketplace limits the ability of end-users to use them to pay for goods and services. A lack of expansion by cryptocurrencies into retail and commercial markets, or a contraction of such use, may result in increased volatility or a reduction in their market prices, either of which could adversely impact the Corporation’s operations, investment strategies, and profitability. The Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory may be exposed to cybersecurity threats and hacks. Malicious actors may seek to exploit vulnerabilities within cryptocurrency programming codes. Several errors and defects in programming codes have been found and corrected, including those that disabled some functionality for users and exposed users’ information. Discovery of flaws in or exploitations of the source code that allow malicious actors to take or create virtual bitcoin assets have been relatively rare; however, attempts to discover flaws in or exploitations of the source code are not entirely uncommon. Hackers have been able to gain unauthorized access to digital wallets and cryptocurrency exchanges, thereby exposing the crypto-assets stored and traded on these platforms at risk. If a malicious actor exposes a vulnerability on a platform or blockchain on which the Corporation stores, trades or mines cryptocurrency, as may be applicable, that could interfere with and introduce defects to the mining operation and could put the Corporation’s cryptocurrency holdings at risk of being hacked or stolen. Private keys which enable holders to transfer funds may also be lost or stolen, resulting in irreversible losses of cryptocurrencies. Hackers may discover novel tactics not currently contemplated herein which jeopardize the Corporation’s assets and operations. The actions of one or more malicious actors could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operation. The Corporation’s coins may be subject to loss, theft or restriction on access. There is a risk that some or all of the Corporation’s coins could be lost or stolen. Access to the Corporation’s coins could also be restricted by cybercrime (such as a denial-of-service attack) against a service at which the Corporation maintains a hosted online wallet. Any of these events may adversely affect the operations of the Corporation and, consequently, its investments and profitability. The loss or destruction of a digital private key required to access the Corporation’s digital wallets may be irreversible. The Corporation’s loss of access to its private keys or its experience of data loss relating to the Corporation’s digital wallets could adversely affect its investments. Cryptocurrencies are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public and private keys relating to the local or online digital wallet in which they are held, which wallet’s public key or address is reflected in the network’s public blockchain. The Corporation will publish the public key relating to digital wallets in use when it verifies the receipt of cryptocurrency transfers and disseminates such information into the network, but it will need to safeguard the private keys relating to such digital wallets. To the extent such private keys are lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised, the Corporation will be unable to access its coins, and such private keys will not be capable of being restored by network. Any loss of private keys relating to digital wallets used to store the Corporation’s cryptocurrency could adversely affect its investments and profitability. 19 Incorrect or fraudulent coin transactions may be irreversible. Cryptocurrency transactions are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred coins may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly executed or fraudulent coin transactions could adversely affect the Corporation’s investments. Coin transactions are not, from an administrative perspective, reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction. In theory, cryptocurrency transactions may be reversible with the control or consent of a majority of processing power on the network. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to the blockchain, an incorrect transfer of a coin or a theft of coin generally will not be reversible and the Corporation may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. Although the Corporation’s transfers of coins will regularly be made by experienced members of the management team, it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, the Corporation’s coins could be transferred in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts. The Corporation’s operations, investment strategies and profitability may be adversely affected by competition from other methods of investing in cryptocurrencies. The Corporation competes with other users and/or companies that are mining cryptocurrencies and other potential financial vehicles, possibly including securities backed by or linked to cryptocurrencies through entities similar to the Corporation. Market and financial conditions, and other conditions beyond the Corporation’s control, may make it more attractive to invest in other financial vehicles, or to invest in cryptocurrencies directly which could limit the market for the Corporation’s shares and reduce their liquidity. The increase in interest and demand for cryptocurrencies has led to a shortage of mining hardware as individuals purchase equipment for mining at home. Equipment may require repair and replacement from time to time. Risks of shortages, including, but not limited to, shortages of graphics processing units, may lead to downtime as the Corporation searches for replacement equipment, which may decrease the cryptocurrency the Corporation is able to mine. Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide cryptocurrency-related services or that accept cryptocurrencies as payment. A number of companies that mine cryptocurrency or are otherwise in cryptocurrency-related businesses have been unable to find banks that are willing to provide them with bank accounts and banking services. Similarly, a number of such companies have had their existing bank accounts closed by their banks. This happened to the Corporation with Signature Bank in 2023 when it elected to stop servicing cryptocurrency-related businesses. Banks may refuse to provide bank accounts and other banking services to such companies or companies that accept cryptocurrencies as payment for their services or derive their value from cryptocurrencies for a number of reasons, such as perceived compliance risks or costs. The difficulty that many such businesses have and may continue to have in finding banks willing to provide them with bank accounts and other banking services may be currently decreasing the usefulness of cryptocurrencies as a payment system and harming public perception of cryptocurrencies or could decrease its usefulness and harm its public perception in the future. Similarly, the usefulness of cryptocurrencies as a payment system and the public perception of cryptocurrencies could be damaged if banks were to close the accounts of many or of a few key businesses providing bitcoin and/or other cryptocurrency-related services. This could decrease the market prices of cryptocurrencies and adversely affect the value of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory. The impact of geopolitical events on the supply and demand for cryptocurrencies is uncertain. Crises may motivate large-scale purchases of cryptocurrencies, which could increase the price of cryptocurrencies rapidly. This may increase the likelihood of a subsequent price decrease as crisis-driven purchasing behavior wanes, adversely affecting the value of the Corporation’s cryptocurrency inventory. As an alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central governments, cryptocurrencies, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative, decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services, and it is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by geopolitical events. Nevertheless, political or economic crises may motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of bitcoin either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of cryptocurrencies would result in a reduction in their market prices and adversely affect the Corporation’s operations and profitability. 20 Any use of emerging technologies like AI, machine learning and generative artificial intelligence could lead to unintended consequences and result in reputational harm and litigation. We continue to evaluate emerging technologies like AI, machine learning and generative AI for incorporation into our business. Regulations relating to these emerging technologies are quickly evolving, and should we adopt such technologies, we may require significant resources to maintain our business practices while seeking to comply with U.S. and other applicable laws. Any failure to accurately identify and address our responsibilities and liabilities in this new environment could negatively affect any solutions we develop that incorporate such technologies and could subject us to reputational harm, regulatory action or litigation, any of which may harm our financial condition and operating results. These same risks apply to our use of third-party service providers who are implementing these tools into the products or services they provide to us. Increased scrutiny and changing expectations from stakeholders with respect to the Corporation’s ESG practices and the impacts of climate change may result in additional costs or risks. Companies across many industries, including cryptocurrency mining, are facing increasing scrutiny related to their environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) practices. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the non-financial impacts of their investments. In May 2021, the SEC proposed rule changes that would require public companies to include certain climate-related disclosures in their periodic reports, including information about climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on their business, results of operations or financial condition, and certain climate-related financial statement metrics in a note to their audited financial statements noting that such rule changes were proposed in response to investor demands for consistent and comparable data on climate change. Furthermore, increased public awareness and concern regarding environmental risks, including global climate change, may result in increased public scrutiny of our business and our industry, and our management team may divert significant time and energy away from our operations and towards responding to such scrutiny and reassuring our employees. The implementation of the SEC’s proposed rule changes was stayed in April 2024 in response to consolidated legal challenges. In June 2025, the SEC formally withdrew the proposed rule. However, should any similar future rule changes ultimately become effective, we, as a public company, may also face increased oversight from the SEC with respect to our climate-related disclosures. In addition, the impacts of climate change may affect the availability and cost of materials and natural resources, sources and supply of energy, demand for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, and could increase the Corporation’s insurance and other operating costs, including, potentially, to repair damage incurred as a result of extreme weather events or to renovate or retrofit facilities to better withstand extreme weather events. If environmental laws or regulations or industry standards are either changed or adopted and impose significant operational restrictions and compliance requirements on the Corporation’s operations, or if its operations are disrupted due to physical impacts of climate change, the Corporation’s business, capital expenditures, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position could be negatively impacted. Exposure to environmental liabilities and hazards may result in the imposition of fines, penalties and restrictions on the Corporation. The Corporation may be subject to potential risks and liabilities associated with pollution of the environment through its use of electricity. In addition, environmental hazards may exist on a property in which the Corporation directly or indirectly holds an interest that are unknown to the Corporation at present and have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the property, which hazards may result in environmental pollution. Any such occurrences that constitute a breach of environmental legislation, laws, rules or regulations may result in the imposition of fines and penalties. 21 To the extent the Corporation is subject to environmental liabilities, the payment of such liabilities or the costs that it may incur to remedy environmental pollution would reduce funds otherwise available to it and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. If the Corporation is unable to fully remedy an environmental problem, it might be required to suspend operations or enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy. Environmental hazards and other occurrences, including allegations of the same, involving or otherwise relating to the Corporation may have an undesirable reputational impact on the Corporation and may be an impetus for potential restrictions to be imposed on the Corporation by regulators. The Corporation’s potential exposure to any such occurrences may be significant and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. Risks Related to Government Regulation Regulatory changes or actions may alter the nature of an investment in the Corporation or restrict the use of cryptocurrencies in a manner that adversely affects the Corporation’s operations. As cryptocurrencies have grown in both popularity and market size, governments around the world have reacted differently to cryptocurrencies with certain governments deeming cryptocurrency mining illegal while others have allowed their use and trade. Ongoing and future regulatory actions may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the ability of the Corporation to continue to operate. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Corporation or any cryptocurrency that the Corporation may mine is impossible to predict, but any such change could be substantial and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. Governments may in the future curtail or outlaw the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies. Ownership of, holding or trading in cryptocurrencies may then be considered illegal and subject to sanction. Governments may also take regulatory action that may increase the cost of mining cryptocurrency and/or subject cryptocurrency mining companies to additional regulation. Governments may in the future take regulatory actions that prohibit or severely restrict the right to acquire, own, hold, sell, use or trade cryptocurrencies or to exchange cryptocurrencies for fiat currency. By extension, similar actions by other governments may result in the restriction of the acquisition, ownership, holding, selling, use or trading in the SV Shares. Such a restriction could result in the Corporation liquidating its cryptocurrency inventory at unfavorable prices and may otherwise adversely affect the Corporation’s shareholders. The U.S. political and economic environment could materially impact our business operations and financial performance, and uncertainty surrounding the potential legal, regulatory and policy changes by the U.S. presidential administration may directly affect us and the global economy. The political and economic environment in the U.S. and elsewhere has resulted in, and may continue to result in, uncertainty. Changing regulatory policies because of the evolving political environment or otherwise could pose challenges to our business model and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in March 2025, the U.S. federal government established a strategic bitcoin reserve, which could significantly affect bitcoin prices through large-scale purchasing programs, potentially creating increased price volatility or artificial price suppression that could make our mining operations less profitable or unprofitable. Furthermore, the government might exercise greater influence over the bitcoin network, which could affect mining difficulty rates, transaction processing, or other technical aspects of the network in ways that could adversely impact our operations. These changes could affect market sentiment and institutional adoption of bitcoin in unpredictable ways that could impact bitcoin’s value. For example, the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025 (the “CLARITY Act”) was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives in July 2025, which would, if enacted, regulate digital asset markets and digital asset trading platforms in the United States. In addition, also in July 2025, the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act of 2025 became the first federal law specifically regulating the issuance, custody and other stablecoin-related matters in the United States. It is difficult to predict whether, or when, the CLARITY Act or another bill that would regulate digital asset markets and digital asset trading platforms may become law or whether any new law will lead to Congress granting additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, what the nature of such additional authorities might be, how additional legislation and/or regulatory oversight might impact the ability of digital asset markets to function or how any new regulations or changes to existing regulations might impact the value of digital assets generally and bitcoin specifically. The consequences of increased federal regulation of digital assets and digital asset activities could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. 22 Our ability to conduct business can also be significantly impacted by changes in tariffs, customs policies, changes in or repeals of trade agreements and the imposition of other trade restrictions or retaliatory actions imposed by various governments. For example, during the first quarter of 2025, the United States introduced trade policy actions that have increased import tariffs across a wide range of countries at various rates, including from certain jurisdictions from which we import mining equipment, or from which components of our mining equipment are manufactured. Such tariffs, if continued, will affect shipments from such jurisdictions. The timeline, structure, and scope of any potential regulatory policies are uncertain, making it difficult for us to plan for or mitigate these risks effectively. In addition, we cannot predict what further action may be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the U.S. and other governments. Any such changes could fundamentally alter the competitive and regulatory landscape in which we operate, and political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange, and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, all of which potentially having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operation. The price of bitcoin has historically been volatile and is impacted by a variety of factors, including political, economic, regulatory or other conditions. If regulatory changes or interpretations of our bitcoin mining activities require our registration as an MSB under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the BSA, or otherwise under state laws, we may incur significant compliance costs, which could be substantial or cost-prohibitive. If we become subject to these regulations, our costs in complying with them may have a material adverse effect on our business and the results of our operations. To the extent our bitcoin mining activities cause us to be deemed a money services business (an “MSB”) under the regulations promulgated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act (the “BSA”), we may be required to comply with FinCEN regulations, including those that would mandate us to implement anti-money laundering programs, make certain reports to FinCEN and maintain certain records. To the extent that our cryptocurrency activities cause us to be deemed a “money transmitter” (an “MT”) or be given an equivalent designation under state law in any state in which we operate, we may be required to seek a license or otherwise register with a state regulator and comply with state regulations that may include the implementation of anti-money laundering programs, maintenance of certain records and other operational requirements. Currently, the New York State Department of Financial Services maintains a comprehensive “BitLicense” framework for businesses that conduct “virtual currency business activity.” Effective August 2020, Louisiana enacted the Virtual Currency Businesses Act. The implementing regulations were formally adopted in late 2022. In October 2023, California enacted the Digital Financial Assets Law, which requires registration for certain digital financial asset business activities. The original effective date of the Digital Financial Assets Law was July 1, 2025, but this was extended to July 1, 2026. We will continue to monitor for developments in state-level legislation, guidance or regulations applicable to us. Such additional federal or state regulatory obligations in the United States or obligations that could arise under the regulatory frameworks of other countries may cause us to incur significant expenses, possibly affecting our business and financial condition in a material and adverse manner. Furthermore, we and our service providers may not be capable of complying with certain federal or state regulatory obligations applicable to MSBs and MTs or similar obligations in other countries. If we are deemed to be subject to such additional regulatory oversight and registration or licensing requirements, we may be required to substantially alter our bitcoin mining activities and possibly cease engaging in such activities. Any such action may adversely affect our business operations and financial condition and an investment in our company. 23 Current regulation regarding the exchange of bitcoins under the CEA by the CFTC is unclear; to the extent we become subject to regulation by the CFTC in connection with our exchange of bitcoin, we may incur additional compliance costs, which may be significant. The Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “CEA”), does not currently impose any direct obligations on us related to the mining or exchange of bitcoins. Generally, the CFTC, the federal agency that administers the CEA, regards bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as commodities. This position has been supported by decisions of federal courts. However, the CEA imposes requirements relative to certain transactions involving bitcoin and other digital assets that constitute a contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or an option on such a contract), a swap or a transaction involving margin, financing or leverage that does not result in actual delivery of the commodity within 28 days to persons not defined as “eligible contract participants” or “eligible commercial entities” under the CEA (e.g., retail persons). Changes in the CEA or the regulations promulgated by the CFTC thereunder, as well as interpretations thereof and official promulgations by the CFTC, may impact the classification of bitcoin and, therefore, may subject bitcoin to additional regulatory oversight by the agency. Although to date the CFTC has not enacted regulations governing non-derivative or non-financed, margined or leveraged transactions in bitcoin, it has authority to commence enforcement actions against persons who violate certain prohibitions under the CEA related to transactions in any contract of sale of any commodity, including bitcoin, in interstate commerce (e.g., manipulation and engaging in certain deceptive practices). We cannot be certain as to how future regulatory developments will impact the treatment of bitcoin under the law. Any requirements imposed by the CFTC related to our mining activities or our transactions in bitcoin could cause us to incur additional extraordinary, non-recurring expenses, thereby potentially materially and adversely impacting an investment in the Corporation. Moreover, if our mining activities or transactions in bitcoin were deemed by the CFTC to constitute a collective investment in derivatives for our stockholders, we may be required to register as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC through the National Futures Association. Such additional registrations may result in extraordinary, non-recurring expenses, thereby potentially materially and adversely impacting an investment in the Corporation. If we determine not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, we may seek to cease certain of our operations. Any such action may adversely affect an investment in the Corporation. While no provision of the CEA or CFTC rules, orders or rulings (except as noted herein) appear to be currently applicable to our business, this is subject to change. It may be illegal now, or in the future, to mine, acquire, own, hold, sell or use bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, participate in blockchains or utilize similar cryptocurrency assets in one or more countries, the ruling of which could adversely affect us. Although currently cryptocurrencies generally are not regulated or are lightly regulated in most countries, several countries, such as China, India and Russia, may continue taking regulatory actions in the future that could severely restrict the right to mine, acquire, own, hold, sell or use cryptocurrency assets or to exchange any such cryptocurrency assets for local currency. For example, in China, India, and Russia, it is illegal to accept payment in bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies for consumer transactions and banking institutions are barred from accepting deposits of cryptocurrencies. In addition, in March 2021, the governmental authorities for the Chinese province of Inner Mongolia banned bitcoin mining in the province due to the industry’s intense electrical power demands and its negative environmental impacts. If other countries, including the U.S., implement similar restrictions, such restrictions may adversely affect us. For example, in New York State, a two-year moratorium on certain bitcoin mining operations that run on carbon-based power sources was signed into law on November 22, 2022. The moratorium expired on November 22, 2024, without renewal or an extension. Nevertheless, such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially the value of any bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, and thus harm investors. 24 Changing environmental regulation and public energy policy may expose our business to new risks. Our operations require a substantial amount of power and can only be successful, and ultimately profitable, if the costs we incur, including for electricity, are lower than the revenue we generate from our operations. As a result, any facility we establish can only be successful if we can obtain sufficient electrical power for that facility on a cost-effective basis, and our establishment of new facilities requires us to find locations where that is the case. For instance, our plans and strategic initiatives for expansion are based, in part, on our understanding of current environmental and energy regulations, policies and initiatives enacted by federal and state regulators. If new regulations are imposed, or if existing regulations are modified, the assumptions we made underlying our plans and strategic initiatives may be inaccurate, and we may incur additional costs to adapt our planned business, if we are able to adapt at all, to such regulations. In addition, there continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty for our business because the bitcoin mining and data center industry, with its high energy demand, may become a target for future environmental and energy regulation. New legislation and increased regulation regarding climate change could impose significant costs on us and our suppliers, including costs related to increased renewable energy requirements, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting, and other costs to comply with such regulations. Further, any future climate change regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such limitations. Given the political significance and uncertainty around the impact of climate change and how it should be addressed, we cannot predict how legislation and regulation will affect our financial condition and results of operations. Further, even without such regulation, increased awareness and any adverse publicity in the global marketplace about potential impacts on climate change by us or other companies in our industry could harm our reputation. Any of the foregoing could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. If we fail to qualify for certain state government tax incentives or to comply with local tax regulations, we may suffer financial losses. We expect to negotiate for certain sale and use tax incentives from U.S. state governments in exchange for encouraging investment and employment. Our interpretations and conclusions regarding these potential tax incentives are not binding on any taxing authority. If our assumptions about, or interpretation or implementation of, tax and other laws are incorrect; if tax laws or regulations are substantially modified or rescinded; if the tax incentives from which we benefit in the jurisdictions in which we operate are substantially modified or rescinded; if we fail to meet the conditions of any of the tax incentives; or if we do not prevail in disputes with tax authorities, we could suffer material adverse tax and other financial consequences, including owing significant amounts of taxes and penalties that would increase our expenses, reduce our profitability and adversely affect our cash flows, results of operations and financial condition. Future developments regarding the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income and applicable state, local and non-U.S. tax purposes could adversely impact our business. Due to the new and evolving nature of digital assets and the absence of comprehensive legal guidance with respect to digital assets and related transactions, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income and applicable state, local and non-U.S. tax treatment of transactions involving digital assets, such as the purchase and sale of bitcoin and the receipt of staking rewards and other digital asset incentives and rewards products, are uncertain, and it is unclear what guidance may be issued in the future with respect to the tax treatment of digital assets and related transactions. Current Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) guidance indicates that for U.S. federal income tax purposes digital assets such as bitcoins should be treated and taxed as property, and that transactions involving the payment of bitcoins for goods and services should be treated in effect as barter transactions. The IRS has also released guidance to the effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital currencies are taxable events giving rise to taxable income and guidance with respect to the determination of the tax basis of digital currency. Further, the IRS has clarified that staking rewards received must be included in gross income for the taxable year in which the taxpayer gains dominion and control over the awarded cryptocurrency, and the income is recognized at the fair value at that date. While current IRS guidance creates a potential tax reporting requirement for any circumstance where the ownership of a bitcoin passes from one person to another, it preserves the right to apply capital gains treatment to those transactions, which is generally favorable for investors in bitcoin. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its existing position with respect to digital assets in the future or that other state, local and non-U.S. taxing authorities or courts will follow the approach of the IRS with respect to the treatment of digital assets such as bitcoin for income tax and sales tax purposes. Any such alteration of existing guidance or issuance of new or different guidance may have negative consequences including the imposition of a greater tax burden on investors in bitcoin or imposing a greater cost on the acquisition and disposition of bitcoin, generally, and potentially have a negative effect on the trading price of bitcoin or otherwise negatively impact our business. In addition, future technological and operational developments that may arise with respect to digital currencies may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital currencies for U.S. federal income and applicable state, local and non-U.S. tax purposes. 25 Regulatory developments surrounding AI and HPC may negatively impact the Corporation’s efforts to expand into AI and HPC hosting. The regulatory landscape surrounding HPC, AI and bitcoin mining operations is evolving rapidly, and the Corporation anticipates increased scrutiny and potential regulation in the near and long term. These developments may affect the Corporation’s business and operations in ways that are difficult to predict. There are growing concerns about the ethical implications and potential misuse of the growing AI technologies, and the AI landscape is facing challenges and uncertainties. The development of more advanced AI systems, such as large language models and generative AI, has raised concerns about potential misuse, bias, and the displacement of human workers. Governments and regulatory bodies are considering measures to ensure responsible development and deployment of AI systems, including guidelines for transparency, accountability, and fairness. For example, the July 23, 2025 Executive Order on Preventing “Woke AI” directs federal agencies to procure only large language models that adhere to truth-seeking and ideological neutrality principles, which could shape public-sector AI standards and influence compliance considerations for AI and HPC hosting providers supporting government workloads. In addition, the White House’s July 2025 America’s AI Action Plan emphasizes streamlined permitting for data centers, grid expansion, and stronger export controls and security guardrails across the AI compute stack, potentially accelerating demand for AI and HPC capacity while also imposing additional constraints on infrastructure development. In recent years, crypto mining has received increased attention from regulators with respect to technical and financial aspects of this industry. The Corporation expects that regulatory efforts in this area will continue to evolve and potentially affect its business. In addition, data center construction has recently encountered organized opposition from environmental and anti-growth groups which has resulted in a stricter regulatory environment. As a company looking to potentially operate at the intersection of HPC, AI, and bitcoin mining, the Corporation is committed to maintaining a proactive and adaptive approach to regulatory compliance. The Corporation continues to monitor legislative and regulatory developments closely and engage in dialogue with relevant stakeholders to ensure our business practices align with the evolving legal and regulatory framework. However, there can be no assurance that our business will not be adversely impacted by future developments. Regulations and taxes that target energy could increase our costs and adversely affect our business. Bitcoin mining and data center operation require significant energy consumption, and our operations could be negatively impacted by government regulations or taxes specifically targeting energy usage in digital asset mining. Federal, state or local authorities may impose restrictions on energy consumption, mandate the use of renewable energy sources or implement higher electricity rates for mining or data center operations, increasing our operating costs. Additionally, governments may introduce taxes on energy usage or carbon emissions that disproportionately affect bitcoin miners, further reducing our profitability. If regulatory or tax burdens make mining economically unviable in certain jurisdictions, we may be forced to relocate operations, secure alternative power sources at higher costs or scale back our business activities, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. 26 General Risks Related to the Corporation The Corporation’s loss of foreign private issuer status requires the Corporation to comply with more extensive reporting requirements and to bear the associated costs of the same. As a foreign private issuer (“FPI”), as such term is defined under the Exchange Act, the Corporation was exempt from certain of the provisions of U.S. federal securities laws until January 1, 2026. The Corporation determined that, as of June 30, 2025, the Corporation no longer qualified as a “foreign private issuer” under the rules and regulations of the SEC, and, as of January 1, 2026, the Corporation became subject to additional regulatory and reporting requirements as a domestic SEC reporting company in the United States. Compliance with those additional regulatory and reporting requirements under U.S. securities laws will likely result in increased expenses. Further, to the extent that the Corporation determines to offer or sell securities outside of the United States, the Corporation would have to comply with the more restrictive Regulation S requirements that apply to U.S. domestic companies, and the Corporation will not be able to utilize FPI registration forms for registered offerings by FPIs in the United States (as it had done in the past), which are expected to increase the costs of accessing capital. In addition, the Corporation has lost the ability to rely upon certain exemptions from Nasdaq corporate governance requirements that are available to FPIs, which may further increase the Corporation’s costs of compliance. Certain other implications associated with loss of FPI status include that, as an FPI, the Corporation was not required to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies registered under the Exchange Act. As a domestic U.S. filer, the Corporation is required, as of January 1, 2026, to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and proxy statements under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, the Corporation is now required to prepare financial statements in accordance with US GAAP rather than IFRS, and, beginning January 1, 2026, the Corporation’s “insiders” were and continue to be subject to the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. The Corporation is also no longer exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. In light of those changes that accompany the transition to becoming a domestic SEC reporting company, the Corporation’s ongoing regulatory and compliance costs associated with the reporting and governance requirements are expected to be significantly higher than the costs it previously incurred as an FPI. As a result, the Corporation expects that the loss of FPI status will increase legal and financial compliance costs, at least in the transition period. In addition, the Corporation will need to develop reporting and compliance infrastructure and may face challenges timely complying with the new requirements. The Corporation is an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the Corporation takes advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies, which could make the Corporation’s securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare its performance to other public companies. The Corporation is an “emerging growth company” and “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). The Corporation has elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, including, but not limited to, an exemption from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements, and an exemption from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. The Corporation will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Corporation’s initial public offering in the U.S., (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which the Corporation has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion; (iii) the date on which the Corporation is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of the SV Shares held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year; or (iv) the date on which the Corporation has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Even if we no longer qualify for the exemptions for an emerging growth company, we may still be, in certain circumstances, subject to scaled disclosure requirements as a smaller reporting company. Until such time as the Corporation ceases to be an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, the Corporation’s securityholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important for so long as the Corporation qualifies and elects to take advantage of the accommodations provided to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies. The Corporation cannot predict whether investors will find its securities less attractive because it elects to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find the Corporation’s securities less attractive as a result of its reliance on these accommodations, the trading price of its SV Shares may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for the SV Shares and the trading price of the SV Shares may be more volatile. 27 Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Corporation has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that, when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Corporation, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make a comparison of the Corporation’s financial statements with another public company that is either (a) not an emerging growth company nor (b) an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for prior reporting years. If we identify material weaknesses for future reporting years, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for prior reporting years. To respond to the material weaknesses we identified, we took various remediation steps, as described in Item 9A, “ Controls and Procedures. ” If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such a case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable U.S. securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result. The Corporation’s success is largely dependent on the performance of the Corporation’s management and executive officers. The success of the Corporation is dependent upon the ability, expertise, judgment, discretion, performance and good faith of a limited number of people constituting its senior management. While the Corporation has employment or consulting agreements with most of its senior management team, those agreements cannot ensure the Corporation of the continued services of such persons. Any loss of the services of one or more of such individuals could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, operating results or financial condition. Certain members of the Corporation’s management team have experience in the cryptocurrency industry, while others have experience in areas including financial management, corporate finance and sales and marketing. The experience of these individuals is a factor that will contribute to the Corporation’s continued success and growth. The Corporation relies on the Corporation’s officers and members of the Corporation’s board of directors (the “Board”), as well as independent consultants, for certain aspects of the Corporation’s business. The amount of time and expertise expended on the Corporation’s affairs by each of the Corporation’s management team and the Corporation’s directors will vary according to the Corporation’s needs. The success of the Corporation may be affected by conflicts of interest the management team or directors may have or may develop in the future. Conflict of interest concerns are further addressed hereinbelow under the heading “ Directors and officers may have a conflict of interest between their duties owed to the Corporation and their interest in other personal or business ventures. ” The Corporation does not intend to acquire any key man insurance policies, and there is, therefore, a risk that the death or departure of any member of management, the Board or any key employee or consultant could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s future. 28 The Corporation may be unable to attract, develop and retain its key personnel and ensure adequate succession planning. The Corporation’s operations and continued growth are dependent on its ability to attract, hire, retain and develop leaders and other key personnel. Any failure to effectively attract talented and experienced employees and other personnel or to engage in adequate succession planning and retention strategies could cause the Corporation to have insufficient industry or other relevant knowledge, skills and experience, which could erode the Corporation’s competitive position or result in increased costs, competition for employees or high turnover. Any of the foregoing could negatively affect the Corporation’s ability to operate its business, which, in turn, could adversely affect the Corporation’s reputation, operations or financial performance. Uninsured or uninsurable risks could result in significant financial liabilities. The Corporation intends to insure its operations in general accordance with technology industry practice. However, given the novelty of cryptocurrency mining and associated businesses, such insurance may not be available, uneconomical for the Corporation, or the nature or level may be insufficient to provide adequate insurance cover. The Corporation may become subject to liability for hazards against which the Corporation cannot insure or against which the Corporation may elect not to insure because of high premium costs or for other reasons. The payment of any such liabilities would reduce or eliminate the funds available for operations. Payments of liabilities for which the Corporation does not carry insurance may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial position. The Corporation does not currently pay cash dividends, and, therefore, the Corporation’s shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their SV Shares unless they sell them. The Corporation does not anticipate paying dividends in the near future. The Corporation expects to retain earnings to finance further growth and, where appropriate, retire debt. Unless the Corporation pays dividends, the Corporation’s shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares unless they sell them. There is no assurance that shareholders will be able to sell SV Shares when desired or at the prices they anticipate. The market price for SV Shares may be volatile, and there is no guarantee that an active or liquid market will be sustained for the SV Shares. The Corporation’s SV Shares are listed on Cboe Canada (“Cboe”) and Nasdaq. External factors outside of the Corporation’s control, such as announcements of quarterly variations in operating results, revenues and costs, and sentiments toward stocks, may have a significant impact on the market price of the SV Shares. The market price for the SV Shares could be subject to extreme fluctuations. Factors such as government regulation, interest rates, share price movements of the Corporation’s peer companies and competitors, as well as overall market movements and the market price for the cryptocurrencies that the Corporation mines, may have a significant impact on the market price of the SV Shares. Global stock markets, including Cboe and Nasdaq, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations from time to time. There can be no assurance that an active or liquid market will develop or be sustained for the SV Shares. 29 There are significant legal, accounting and financial costs of being a publicly traded company, which costs may reduce the resources available for the Corporation to deploy on its cryptocurrency mining operations. For so long as the Corporation has publicly traded securities, it will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and filing fees. As a reporting issuer, the Corporation is subject to reporting requirements under applicable laws, rules and policies of Cboe Canada, Nasdaq and the Canadian and US securities regulatory authorities, including the SEC. Compliance with those requirements increases legal and financial compliance costs, makes some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and increases demand on existing systems and resources. Among other things, the Corporation is required to file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to its business and results of operations and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. To maintain and, if required, improve disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting to meet applicable requirements, significant resources and management oversight may be required. Under the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), the Corporation is required to adhere to strict financial reporting requirements, and documentation proving compliance therewith must be regularly updated and maintained. The Corporation may be required to incur significant costs to satisfy internal and external reporting requirements under SOX and other applicable laws, rules and regulations. Securities legislation and the rules and policies of Cboe Canada and Nasdaq require publicly listed companies to, among other things, adopt corporate governance policies and related practices and to continuously prepare and disclose material information, all of which carry significant legal, financial and securities regulatory compliance costs. As a result of the Corporation ensuring reporting requirements are met, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm the Corporation’s business and result of operations. The Corporation may need to hire additional employees to comply with these requirements in the future, which would increase its costs and expenses. Continuing as a reporting issuer may make it more expensive to maintain director and officer liability insurance, which, in turn, could also make it more difficult for the Corporation to retain qualified directors and executive officers. Directors and officers may have a conflict of interest between their duties owed to the Corporation and their interest in other personal or business ventures. Certain of the Corporation’s directors and officers are, and may continue to be, involved in the cryptocurrency and HPC/AI industries through their direct and indirect participation in corporations, partnerships or joint ventures that are potential competitors of the Corporation, as well through the ownership interest held by certain of the Corporation’s directors and officers in certain subsidiaries of the Corporation. Situations may arise in connection with potential acquisitions or opportunities where the other interests of these directors and officers may conflict with the Corporation’s interests. Directors and officers of the Corporation with conflicts of interest will be subject to and must follow the procedures set out in applicable corporate and securities legislation, regulations, rules and policies; however, there may be corporate opportunities that the Corporation is not able to pursue due to a conflict of interest of one or more of the Corporation’s directors or officers. The Corporation may be subject to litigation arising out of its operations. The Corporation may be subject to litigation from time to time arising from the ordinary course of its business or otherwise. Damages claimed in any such litigation against the Corporation may be material, and the outcome of such litigation may materially impact the Corporation’s operations and the value of the SV Shares. While the Corporation will assess the merits of any lawsuits and defend against such lawsuits accordingly, the Corporation may be required to incur significant expense and devote significant financial resources to such defenses. In addition, any adverse publicity surrounding such litigation and claims may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s reputation, which, in turn, may have a negative impact on the value of the SV Shares. The Corporation has a limited history of operations and is in the early stage of development. The limited operating history of the Corporation is subject to many risks common to such enterprises, including under-capitalization, cash shortages, limitations with respect to personnel, financial and other resources and lack of revenues. The Corporation may not be successful in achieving a return on shareholders’ investment, and the likelihood of its success must be considered in light of the early stage of its operations. Although the Corporation has achieved profitable quarters in the past, to date, it has not maintained consistent profitability from period to period, and no assurances can be made that the Corporation will achieve consistent profitability in the near future, if ever. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Corporation had a net loss from continuing operations of approximately $28.4 million, which net losses were generated as the Corporation executed its business plan. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be able to develop any of its projects profitably or that any of its activities will generate positive cash flow. 30 Ineffective management of growth could result in a failure to sustain the Corporation’s progress. The Corporation has recently experienced, and may continue to experience, growth in the scope and nature of its operations, including in connection with its expansion into the data center business and its acquisition and development of new operational facilities. This growth has resulted in increased responsibilities for the Corporation’s existing personnel and, in general, higher levels of operating expenses. In order to manage its current operations and any future growth effectively, the Corporation will need to continue to implement and improve its operational, internal controls, financial, and management information systems, as well as hire, manage and retain employees and maintain its corporate culture. There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be able to manage such growth effectively or that its management, personnel or systems will be adequate to support the Corporation’s operations. The Corporation may be subject to tax liabilities and consequences that could reduce the Corporation’s profitability. The Corporation is subject to various taxes including, but not limited to the following: Canadian income tax; goods and services tax; provincial sales tax; land transfer tax; and payroll tax. The Corporation’s tax filings will be subject to audit by various taxation authorities. Due to its relative novelty, the cryptocurrency industry in particular is subject to a rapidly evolving set of rules as governments begin to regulate this industry, including in the domain of taxation. While the Corporation prepares its tax filings and compliance programs based on the advice of its tax advisors, there can be no assurance that its tax filing positions will not be challenged by a relevant taxation authority, which may result in an increased tax liability for the Corporation. If the Corporation is characterized as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse consequences. Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of the Corporation’s gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of the Corporation’s assets are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, the Corporation will be characterized as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Corporation were to be characterized as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder of the SV Shares could suffer adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including the treatment of gain realized on the sale of the SV Shares as ordinary income rather than as capital gain, the loss of the preferential income tax rate applicable to dividends (if any) received on the SV Shares by a non-corporate U.S. Holder. Additionally, a U.S. Holder would be taxable upon receipt of certain “excess distributions” with respect to the SV Shares as if such income had been recognized ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the SV Shares. The U.S. Holder’s income for the current taxable year would include (as ordinary income) amounts allocated to the current taxable year and to any taxable year period prior to the first day of the first taxable year for which the Corporation were a PFIC. Tax would also be computed at the highest ordinary income tax rate in effect for each other taxable year period to which income is allocated, and an interest charge on the tax as so computed would also apply. The Corporation does not believe that it is currently classified as a PFIC. However, the Corporation’s status as a PFIC in any taxable year requires a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of its income, assets and activities in each year, and can only be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the Corporation was not or will not be classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2025, the current taxable year or for any past or future taxable year, and the Corporation has not obtained any legal opinion with respect to its PFIC status for its past, current or future taxable years. For all purposes in this Annual Report, a “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Registrable Shares that is, (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident alien of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (2) a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or (4) a trust (x) with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or (y) that has elected under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. 31 If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning at least 10% of the SV Shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning, directly, indirectly or constructively, at least 10% of the value or voting power of the SV Shares, such U.S. Holder may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in the Corporation’s group, if any. If United States shareholders collectively own more than 50% of the voting power or value of the Corporation or any of its non-U.S. subsidiaries, the Corporation and such non-U.S. subsidiaries each would be classified as a controlled foreign corporation. Additionally, because the Corporation’s group includes one or more U.S. subsidiaries, the application of certain stock attribution rules under the U.S. tax laws in effect for taxable years of foreign corporations that begin before January 1, 2026 (the “Downward Attribution Rules”) could cause certain of the Corporation’s non-U.S. subsidiaries to be treated as controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether the Corporation is treated as a controlled foreign corporation. The Downward Attribution Rules were amended as part of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) that was enacted on July 4, 2025. Effective for taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2025, the OBBBA amendments generally prohibit downward attribution from a foreign person, such as the Corporation, to its non-U.S. subsidiaries for purposes of determining United States shareholder and controlled foreign corporation status. Consequently, the Corporation’s non-U.S. subsidiaries generally are not expected to be treated as controlled foreign corporations for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025 solely as a result of the Corporation’s ownership of U.S. subsidiaries. A United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “net CFC tested income” and investments in U.S. property by controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether the Corporation makes any distributions. An individual who is a United States shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the running of the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due. The Corporation cannot provide any assurances that it will assist its investors in determining whether it or any of its non-U.S. subsidiaries are treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether any investor is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to it or any of such controlled foreign corporations. Further, the Corporation cannot provide any assurances that it will furnish to any U.S. Holder information that may be necessary to comply with the reporting and tax paying obligations described in this risk factor. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to their investment in our SV Shares. The Corporation may be exposed to risks from exchanging currencies, including currency exchange fees. The Corporation may have varying degrees of financial risk exposure relating to the currency risk and volatility. The Corporation may raise funds and subsequently exchange such funds to another currency, which could result in costly currency exchange fees. Currently, the Corporation does not engage in foreign currency hedging transactions to protect against fluctuations in future exchange rates, in particular, between the United States dollar and the Canadian dollar, and the Corporation may be more adversely affected by any such currency fluctuations than its competitors that engage in hedging transactions. If the Corporation engages in hedging transactions in the future, it may become exposed to risks associated with such transactions, which may not eliminate any adverse impact of future currency fluctuations on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and prospects.