Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related notes thereto, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this document. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “2025” refer to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and references to “2024” refer to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans and expectations. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements except as required by law. Overview We are a leading asset manager, developer, and operator of mixed-use and transit-oriented properties in the Washington, D.C. region. We have become the area’s premier real estate service company by creating extraordinary places, delivering exceptional experiences, and generating excellent results for all stakeholders. We provide a comprehensive suite of real estate services to our asset-owning clients, including asset management, property management, development and construction management, and more. Our client base is composed primarily of institutional real estate investors, high net worth family offices, financial institutions, and governmental bodies seeking to develop real estate they own through public-private partnerships. We employ a talented staff of real estate professionals that are led by our seasoned management team and are tasked with delivering high-quality services to the premium, strategically located assets in our managed portfolio. We primarily operate under long-term asset management and property management agreements that provide recurring fee-based revenue streams. • Our asset management services platform is anchored by a long-term, full-service asset management agreement with Comstock Partners, LC ("CP"), an affiliate entity controlled by our Chief Executive Officer Christopher Clemente, which includes a cost-plus fee structure and covers all of the properties in our Anchor Portfolio (the "2022 AMA" - See Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). We have entered into separate asset management agreements for non-Anchor Portfolio assets. We provide asset management services for market-rate fees to all the commercial and residential assets in our managed portfolio, as well as to certain assets managed by ParkX (see below). • As a vertically integrated real estate services company, we perform all property management services through three wholly owned subsidiaries: CHCI Commercial, CHCI Residential, and ParkX Management ("ParkX"). All properties in our managed portfolio have entered into property management agreements that provide for market-rate fees related to our services. Our asset-light, debt-free business model allows us to substantially mitigate risks that are typically associated with real estate development and operation. The fee-based approach we have adopted helps drive consistent top-line growth that, along with our streamlined balance sheet, provides maximum flexibility to explore growth opportunities outside of our core business operations. We have directly aligned the equity ownership of our Company with the ownership interests of the affiliated assets that we manage in our Anchor Portfolio. This relationship, along with the baseline cost-plus feature and supplemental performance-based revenue opportunities provided by the 2022 AMA, provides us with a stable business platform on which we can (i) produce consistent, positive financial results, (ii) mature and expand our real estate service offerings, (iii) diversify and grow our managed portfolio of assets, both organically and through additional third-party relationships, (iv) pursue strategic investments and complimentary acquisitions, and (v) deliver exceptional value to our shareholders. We distinguish ourselves from industry peers through an established standard of excellence that extends from who we hire to how we deliver our comprehensive suite of real estate services. We are able to maintain this high standard because We Show Up - every day, in person, in a collaborative environment that is structured to deliver on our mission to make a difference for our customers, our stakeholders, and in the communities that we serve. 17 TABLE OF CONTENTS Managed Portfolio The focus of our managed portfolio revolves primarily around high quality, mixed-use real estate properties and developments that are strategically located adjacent to Metro rail stations, providing convenient access to public transportation. Our Anchor Portfolio (see below for details) includes, or will soon include, millions of square feet of Trophy and Class A office towers, luxury multi-family residential buildings, luxury hotels with branded condominium residences, high-end retail and entertainment options, associated public spaces, and commercial parking garages to serve all the properties. Over the twelve months of fiscal year 2024, Anchor Portfolio assets generated well over $100.0 million of gross revenue for the property owners. The following table summarizes the operating assets that were included in our managed portfolio as of June 30, 2025: Type # of Assets Size/Scale % Leased Commercial (1) 14 2.3 million sqft. 82% Residential 6 1.8 million sqft. / ~1,700 units 97% ParkX - Garages 31 ~25,000 spaces ParkX - Security & Other (2) 31 ~4,600 hrs/week Total 82 (1) Commercial % leased includes Q1 2024 delivery of a new office tower located in The Row at Reston Station. Excluding that impact, the % leased for stabilized assets is 93%. (2) # of assets total excludes 24 properties where both parking & other services are provided to avoid double-counting. In addition, we manage the following assets that are under construction and scheduled for delivery in the next 12 months: • 2 commercial assets that represent approximately 266,000 square feet; • 1 residential asset with 420 units representing approximately 430,000 square feet; • 1 JW Marriott-branded hotel/condominium with 247 keys and 94 residential units representing a total of approximately 520,000 square feet; and • 1 commercial parking garage with approximately 1,300 spaces. Our development pipeline currently includes 5 commercial assets that represent approximately 1.5 million square feet, 5 residential assets with 2,326 units that represent approximately 2.5 million square feet, and 1 hotel that will include 140 keys. At full build out, our managed portfolio of assets is currently projected to total 98 assets representing nearly 10 million square feet. The following tables provide further details on the assets that comprise our managed portfolio: Anchor Portfolio Name Asset Status Description Reston Station Operating + Under Construction + In Development Among the largest mixed-use, transit-oriented developments in the Washington, D.C. region, covering nearly 90 acres spanning the Dulles Toll Road and surrounding the Wiehle Reston-East Metro Station and strategically located mid-way between Tysons, Va. and Dulles International Airport on Metro's Silver Line (Fairfax County, Va.) Loudoun Station Operating + In Development Loudoun County’s first and only mixed-use, Metro-connected development that is located adjacent to Ashburn Station at the terminus of Metro's Silver Line in Ashburn, Va (Loudoun County, Va.) 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Other Portfolio Assets Name Asset Status Description The Hartford Operating Acquired in 2019, this 211,000 square foot mixed-use building is located adjacent to the Clarendon Station on Metro's Orange Line and is the subject of a joint venture with DivcoWest and Comstock Partners, LC. The premier office tower in the Ballston Corridor submarket of Arlington County, Va. BLVD Forty Four Operating Acquired in 2021, this 15-story, mixed-use 250-unit, luxury high-rise apartment tower is located adjacent to BLVD Ansel and just 1 block from the Rockville Station on Metro’s Red Line in Rockville, Md (Montgomery County) and is the subject of a joint venture with Comstock Partners, LC. The two-building complex is the premier residential offering in Rockville Town Center. BLVD Ansel Operating Acquired in 2022, this 18-story, mixed-use 250-unit, luxury high-rise apartment tower is located adjacent to BLVD Forty Four and just 1 block from the Rockville Station on Metro’s Red Line in Rockville, Md (Montgomery County) and is the subject of a joint venture with Comstock Partners, LC. The two-building complex is the premier residential offering in Rockville Town Center. Comstock 41 Operating Acquired in 2023, this 18,150 square foot parcel located at 41 Maryland Ave. in Rockville, Md. and is adjacent to BLVD Forty Four; currently a surface parking lot operated by ParkX Management, LC; provides an excellent opportunity for significant value enhancement through by-right entitlements for approximately 117 residential units Investors X Operating Investment in Comstock Investors X, LC that owns legacy homebuilding assets that were monetized through market-rate sales that were completed in March 2024 ParkX Operating Commercial parking garages & spaces managed by ParkX Management that are located at/around affiliated managed properties as well as a growing number of third-party locations Comstock 41 - Additional Information Given its proximity to BLVD Forty Four, we acquired Comstock 41 with the intention to explore rezoning opportunities for this property that would allow for potential relocation of moderately-priced dwelling units from BLVD Forty Four to Comstock 41 as well as utilization of excess parking capacity at both BLVD Forty Four and BLVD Ansel. In conjunction with the acquisition, we entered into a contingent fee agreement with BLVD Forty Four should these pursuits prove successful. (See Note 12 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). In November 2024, we entered into a definitive purchase agreement for Comstock 41 with SCG Development Holdings, LLC ("SCG") that is contingent upon the successful rezoning of the property to allow for the development of an affordable housing project at the site. Upon closing, we will enter into an operating agreement and a development agreement with SCG, under which we will provide construction management services for the affordable housing project that will be fully financed by SCG. We will also be entitled to provide property management services once the development is ready for occupancy. Outlook Our management team is committed to executing our goal to provide exceptional experiences to those we do business with while maximizing shareholder value. We believe that we are properly staffed for current and foreseeable market conditions and will maintain the ability to manage risk and pursue additional growth as opportunities arise. Our real estate development and asset management operations are primarily focused on the greater Washington, D.C. area, where we believe our decades of experience provides us with the best opportunity to continue developing, managing, and investing in high-quality real estate assets and capitalizing on positive growth trends. Our growth will continue to be fueled by our Anchor Portfolio, which will continue to generate revenue as development and construction efforts are completed for all the planned Anchor Portfolio assets, allowing us to then lease, stabilize, and arrange permanent financing for each property. Importantly, the long-term asset management agreements covering the properties included in the Anchor Portfolio, when combined with our asset-light and debt-free business model, provide us with visibility to future revenue and earnings growth while mitigating the risk for potential losses. We aspire to be among the most admired real estate asset managers, operators, and developers by creating extraordinary places, providing exceptional experiences, and generating excellent results for all stakeholders. Our commitment to this mission drives our ability to expand our managed portfolio of assets, grow revenue, and deliver value to our shareholders. 19 TABLE OF CONTENTS Results of Operations The following tables set forth consolidated statement of operations data for the periods presented (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Revenue $ 12,972 $ 10,753 $ 25,611 $ 21,391 Operating costs and expenses: Cost of revenue 10,502 8,907 20,789 17,792 Selling, general, and administrative 609 546 1,144 1,081 Depreciation and amortization 78 73 158 141 Total operating costs and expenses 11,189 9,526 22,091 19,014 Income (loss) from operations 1,783 1,227 3,520 2,377 Other income (expense): Interest income 220 166 404 307 Gain (loss) on real estate ventures 9 (101) 18 (294) Other income (expense), net 73 11 55 33 Income (loss) from operations before income tax 2,085 1,303 3,997 2,423 Provision for (benefit from) income tax 639 357 962 567 Net income (loss) $ 1,446 $ 946 $ 3,035 $ 1,856 Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 Revenue The following table summarizes revenue by line of business (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 2024 Change Amount % Amount % $ % Asset management $ 6,869 52.9 % $ 5,991 55.7 % $ 878 14.7 % Property management 2,903 22.4 % 2,703 25.1 % 200 7.4 % Parking management 3,200 24.7 % 2,059 19.2 % 1,141 55.4 % Total revenue $ 12,972 100.0 % $ 10,753 100.0 % $ 2,219 20.6 % Revenue increased 20.6% in 2025. The $2.2 million comparative increase was primarily driven by a $1.0 million, or 42.4%, increase in recurring, fee-based revenue from our property and parking management subsidiaries that was driven by the continued expansion of our managed portfolio. Also contributing to the variance was a $0.8 million net increase in supplemental fee revenue earned, stemming from a $1.0 million loan origination fee earned in the current period that was partially offset by a $0.2 million comparative decrease in leasing fee revenue. Operating costs and expenses The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Change 2025 2024 $ % Cost of revenue $ 10,502 $ 8,907 $ 1,595 17.9 % Selling, general, and administrative 609 546 63 11.5 % Depreciation and amortization 78 73 5 6.8 % Total operating costs and expenses $ 11,189 $ 9,526 $ 1,663 17.5 % 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS Operating costs and expenses increased 17.5% in 2025. The $1.7 million comparative increase was primarily due to a $1.5 million net increase in personnel-related expenses stemming from increased headcount and employee compensation. Other income (expense) The following table summarizes other income (expense) (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Change 2025 2024 $ % Interest income $ 220 $ 166 $ 54 32.5 % Gain (loss) on real estate ventures 9 (101) 110 108.9 % Other income (expense), net 73 11 62 563.6 % Total other income (expense) $ 302 $ 76 $ 226 297.4 % Other income (expense) changed by $0.2 million in 2025, primarily driven by a combined $0.1 million net improvement in mark-to-market valuation impacts of equity method investments in real estate ventures. Income tax Provision for income tax was $0.6 million in 2025, compared to $0.4 million in 2024. The $0.2 million increase primarily stems from a slightly higher annualized estimated tax rate in the current period as well as higher taxable income. Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 Revenue The following table summarizes revenue by line of business (in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 2024 Change Amount % Amount % $ % Asset management $ 13,996 54.6 % $ 12,246 57.2 % $ 1,750 14.3 % Property management 5,861 22.9 % 5,448 25.5 % 413 7.6 % Parking management 5,754 22.5 % 3,697 17.3 % 2,057 55.6 % Total revenue $ 25,611 100.0 % $ 21,391 100.0 % $ 4,220 19.7 % Revenue increased 19.7% in 2025. The $4.2 million comparative increase was primarily driven by a $1.8 million, or 41.6%, increase in recurring, fee-based revenue from our property and parking management subsidiaries that was driven by the continued expansion of our managed portfolio. Also contributing to the variance was a $1.4 million increase in supplemental fee revenue earned, stemming from a $1.0 million loan origination fee earned in the current period and a $0.4 million comparative increase in leasing fee revenue. Operating costs and expenses The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses (in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, Change 2025 2024 $ % Cost of revenue $ 20,789 $ 17,792 $ 2,997 16.8 % Selling, general, and administrative 1,144 1,081 63 5.8 % Depreciation and amortization 158 141 17 12.1 % Total operating costs and expenses $ 22,091 $ 19,014 $ 3,077 16.2 % Operating costs and expenses increased 16.2% in 2025. The $3.1 million increase was primarily due to a $2.7 million net increase in personnel expenses stemming from increased headcount and employee compensation. 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS Other income (expense) The following table summarizes other income (expense) (in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, Change 2025 2024 $ % Interest income $ 404 $ 307 $ 97 31.6 % Gain (loss) on real estate ventures 18 (294) 312 106.1 % Other income (expense), net 55 33 22 66.7 % Total other income (expense) $ 477 $ 46 $ 431 937.0 % Other income (expense) changed by $0.4 million in 2025, primarily due to a combined $0.3 million net improvement in the valuations of our equity method investments in real estate ventures. Income taxes Provision for income tax was $1.0 million in 2025, compared to $0.6 million in 2024. The $0.4 million increase primarily stems from a slightly higher annualized estimated tax rate in the current period as well as higher taxable income. Non-GAAP Financial Measures To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we prepare certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), specifically Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) from continuing operations, excluding the impact of interest expense (net of interest income), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, and gain (loss) on equity method investments. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate financial performance, analyze the underlying trends in our business and establish operational goals and forecasts that are used when allocating resources. We expect to compute Adjusted EBITDA consistently using the same methods each period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure because it permits investors to better understand changes over comparative periods by providing financial results that are unaffected by certain non-cash items that are not considered by management to be indicative of our operational performance. While we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors when evaluating our business, it is not prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should be considered supplemental in nature. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute, for other financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA may differ from similarly titled measures presented by other companies. The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure as measured in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net income (loss) $ 1,446 $ 946 $ 3,035 $ 1,856 Interest income (220) (166) (404) (307) Income taxes 639 357 962 567 Depreciation and amortization 78 73 158 141 Stock-based compensation 288 290 539 536 (Gain) loss on real estate ventures (9) 101 (18) 294 Adjusted EBITDA $ 2,222 $ 1,601 $ 4,272 $ 3,087 22 TABLE OF CONTENTS The increase in Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 is primarily driven by significant increases in recurring fee-based property and parking management revenue and supplemental asset management fee revenue. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity is defined as the current amount of readily available cash and the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet the current needs for cash. We assess our liquidity in terms of our cash and cash equivalents on hand and the ability to generate cash to fund our operating activities. Our principal sources of liquidity as of June 30, 2025 were our cash and cash equivalents of $30.5 million and our $10.0 million of available borrowings on our Credit Facility. (See Note 5 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Significant factors which could affect future liquidity include the adequacy of available lines of credit, cash flows generated from operating activities, working capital management, and investments. Our primary capital needs are for working capital obligations and other general corporate purposes, including investments and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of working capital are cash from operations and distributions from investments in real estate ventures. We have historically financed our operations with internally generated funds and, more rarely and only when necessary, borrowings from our Credit Facility. We believe we currently have adequate liquidity and availability of capital to fund our present operations. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands): Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 2024 Change Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 2,767 $ (967) $ 3,734 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (553) 51 (604) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (492) (441) (51) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 1,722 $ (1,357) $ 3,079 Operating Activities The $3.7 million variance in net operating cash activity was primarily driven by a $2.4 million incremental cash inflow stemming from changes to our net working capital and a $1.3 million increase in net income after adjustments for non-cash items. The net working capital increase was primarily influenced by increased accounts receivable collections. Investing Activities The $0.6 million variance in net investing cash activity was primarily driven by a $0.6 million decrease in distributions received from investments in real estate ventures stemming from Investors X residential lot sales recognized in the prior period. Financing Activities The immaterial variance in n et financing cash activity was due to a $0.1 million increase in cash paid for taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by a $0.1 million increase equity award-related proceeds collected. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not Applicable. 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS