CEMTREX INC 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Except for historical information contained in this report, the matters discussed are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this report, words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “estimates”, “expects”, “may”, “plans”, “potential” and “intends” and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company or its management, identify forward-looking statements. Our operations involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and any one of which, or a combination of which, could materially affect our results of operations and whether the forward-looking statements ultimately prove to be correct. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of the Company’s management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following: the effect of business and economic conditions; the impact of competitive products and their pricing; unexpected manufacturing or supplier problems; the Company’s ability to maintain sufficient credit arrangements; changes in governmental standards by which our environmental control products are evaluated and the risk factors reported from time to time in the Company’s SEC reports, including its recent report on Form 10-K. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments. General Overview Cemtrex was incorporated in 1998 in the state of Delaware and has evolved through strategic acquisitions and internal growth into a leading multi-industry company. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “we”, “our”, “us”, “Company”, “registrant”, “Cemtrex” or “management” refer to Cemtrex, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company’s reporting segments consist of Security and Industrial Services. Additionally, the Company’s operational structure also reports unallocated corporate expenses. Security Cemtrex’s Security segment operates under the brand of its majority owned subsidiary, Vicon Industries, Inc. (“Vicon”), which provides end-to-end security solutions to meet the toughest corporate, industrial, and governmental security challenges. Vicon’s products include browser-based video monitoring systems and analytics-based recognition systems, cameras, servers, and access control systems for every aspect of security and surveillance in industrial and commercial facilities, federal prisons, hospitals, universities, schools, and federal and state government offices. Vicon provides innovative, mission critical security and video surveillance solutions utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) based data algorithms. Industrial Services Cemtrex’s Industrial Services segment operates under the brand, Advanced Industrial Services (“AIS”), which offers single-source expertise and services for rigging, millwrighting, in plant maintenance, equipment erection, relocation, and disassembly to diversified customers. AIS installs high precision equipment in a wide variety of industrial markets like automotive, printing & graphics, industrial automation, packaging, and chemicals, among others. AIS is a leading provider of reliability-driven maintenance and contracting solutions for machinery, packaging, printing, chemical, and other manufacturing markets. The focus is on customers seeking to achieve greater asset utilization and reliability to cut costs and increase production from existing assets, including small projects, sustaining capital, turnarounds, maintenance, specialty welding services, and high-quality scaffolding. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on our knowledge of current events, our actual amounts and results could differ from those estimates. The estimates made are based on historical factors, current circumstances, and the experience and judgment of our management, who continually evaluate the judgments, estimates and assumptions and may employ outside experts to assist in the evaluations. 26 Table of Contents Certain of our accounting policies are deemed “significant”, as they are both most important to the financial statement presentation and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024. Results of Operations – For the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 Revenues Our Security segment revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $1,388,327 or 22% to $7,581,814 from $6,193,487 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is mainly due to increased demand for the Company’s products. Our Industrial Services segment revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $890,833 or 10%, to $9,383,844 from $8,492,911, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is mainly due to increased demand for the segment’s services. Gross Profit Gross Profit for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was $7,370,506 or 43% of revenues as compared to gross profit of $5,887,147 or 40% of revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit in our Security segment was $3,953,562 or 52% of the segment’s revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to gross profit of $3,223,091 or 52% of the segment’s revenues for the period ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit in our Industrial Services segment was $3,416,944 or 36% of the segment’s revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to gross profit of $2,654,056 or 31% of the segment’s revenues for the period ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased due to improved margins on projects in the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, decreased $565,838 or 7% to $7,626,342 from $8,192,180 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is mainly related to decreased general and administrative expenses, legal expenses, depreciation, and travel. Research and Development Expenses Research and Development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025, were $386,565 compared to $864,483 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $477,918 or 55%. Research and Development expenses are related to the Security Segment’s development of next generation solutions associated with security and surveillance systems software. Other Income/Expense Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was $3,934,931, as compared to expense of $5,902,493 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025, was mainly driven by losses on changes in fair value of warrant liability of $3,615,437 which represents the change in the fair value of the of the warrants unexercised at the measurement period. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was mainly driven by a loss on excess fair value of the warrants at issuance of $7,255,528. 27 Table of Contents Provision for Income Taxes During the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company had income tax expense from continuing operations of $14,035 and $67,294, respectively. The provision for income tax is estimated based upon the current income projections of the Company, the effective rate of the prior year, and the Company’s current ability to utilize net loss carryforwards. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, was (0.17%) and (0.74%) respectively. Results of Operations – For the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 Revenues Our Security segment revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $6,570,445 or 28% to $30,016,665 from $23,446,220 for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is due to a large sale valued at $10,375,000 for security technology products under our Vicon brand. This sale represents 35% of the revenue for this segment for the nine months ended June 30, 2025. Our Industrial Services segment revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $2,661,222 or 11%, to $27,939,161 from $25,277,939, for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This increase is mainly due to increased demand for the segment’s services. Gross Profit Gross Profit for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was $25,237,897 or 44% of revenues as compared to gross profit of $19,898,962 or 41% of revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit in our Security segment was $15,597,177 or 52% of the segment’s revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to gross profit of $11,853,007 or 51% of the segment’s revenues for the period ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit percentage was up due to the mix of products sold in the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit in our Industrial Services segment was $9,640,720 or 35% of the segment’s revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to gross profit of $8,045,955 or 32% of the segment’s revenues for the period ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased due to improved margins on projects in the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2024. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, decreased $693,930 or 3% to $21,490,373 from $22,184,303 for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is mainly related to decreased salaries, general and administrative expenses, legal expenses, depreciation, and other operating expenses. Research and Development Expenses Research and Development expenses for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, were $2,054,537 compared to $2,664,688 for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $610,151 or 23%. Research and Development expenses are related to the Security Segment’s development of next generation solutions associated with security and surveillance systems software. Other Income/Expense Other expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was $26,095,977, as compared to $6,855,804 for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Other expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was mainly driven by losses on excess fair value of the warrants of $15,722,097 which represents the difference between the fair value of the shares issued and the value of the warrants exercised and losses on changes in fair value of warrant liability of $8,928,275, which represents the change in the fair value of the of the warrants unexercised at the measurement period. Other expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, was mainly driven by the May 2024 Equity Financing expenses of $995,333, the loss on the excess fair value of the warrants issued in the May 2024 Equity Financing of $7,255,528, offset by the change in the fair value of the warrants of $2,807,890. 28 Table of Contents Provision for Income Taxes During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company had income tax expense from continuing operations of $245,098 and $238,049, respectively. The provision for income tax is estimated based upon the current income projections of the Company, the effective rate of the prior year, and the Company’s current ability to utilize net loss carryforwards. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, was (0.87%) and (2.02%) respectively. Effects of Inflation The Company’s business and operations have been affected by inflation during the periods for which financial information is presented. In response, the Company has instituted price increases and initiated cost-saving measures to mitigate the effects of inflation on operations. Liquidity and Capital Resources Working capital was $4,916,624 at June 30, 2025, compared to working capital of $8,103,457 at September 30, 2024. This includes cash and equivalents and restricted cash of $8,145,359 at June 30, 2025, and $5,420,392 at September 30, 2024. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to the increase in the current maturities of long-term liabilities and decreases in inventory and contract assets. Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was $3,410,782 and used $2,076,477 of cash for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2024. Our operating cash flow was mainly the result of our net loss, less the non-cash adjustments, combined with operating changes in inventory, contract assets, and contract liabilities. Trade receivables increased by $1,519,252 or 14% to $12,678,928 at June 30, 2025, from $11,159,676 at September 30, 2024. The increase in trade receivables is attributable to the remaining balance on the large sale in the Security segment, which was collected in July 2025. Cash used by investing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was $1,482,232 compared to $406,224 used for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Investing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, were driven by the Company’s purchase of property and equipment and investment in Masterpiece VR. Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, was $1,117,811 compared to $3,867,544 for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Financing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, were primarily driven by the proceeds from the Company’s revolving line of credit, note payable, proceeds from offerings, and the exercise of Series B Warrants. Financing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, were primarily driven by the proceeds from the Company’s revolving line of credit, proceeds from offerings, and payments on the Company’s debt. 29 Table of Contents The Company’s working capital may not be sufficient to cover operating costs which indicates substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Company has historically, from time to time, satisfied and may continue to satisfy certain short-term liabilities through the issuance of common stock, thus reducing our cash requirement to meet our operating needs. The Company has $8,145,359 in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of June 30, 2025. Additionally, the Company has (i) secured a line of credit for its Vicon brand to fund operations, which as of June 30, 2025, has available capacity of approximately 936,000, (ii) continually reevaluated its pricing model on our Vicon brand to improve margins on those products, (iii) entered into a Standstill Agreement with Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Streeterville”) in which Streeterville agreed not to seek to redeem any portion of its two outstanding notes with the Company expiring on April 30, 2025 in exchange, the Company agreed to pay to Streeterville the greater of $4,000,000 or fifty percent (50%) of the net proceeds the Company receives from the sale of any of its common stock or preferred stock during the Standstill Period. To date, the company has paid Streeterville $4,588,897 under this agreement, (iv) entered into a Standstill Agreement with Streeterville in which Streeterville agreed not to seek to redeem any portion of its two outstanding notes with the Company for a period of 60 days which expired on July 29, 2025 and in exchange, the Company agreed to pay to Streeterville the greater of $550,000 or fifty percent (50%) of the net proceeds the Company receives from the sale of any of its common stock or preferred stock during the Standstill Period. During the standstill period, the Company paid Streeterville $636,250 under this agreement. In the event additional capital is raised through equity offerings and/or debt is satisfied with equity, it may have a dilutive effect on our existing stockholders. While the Company believes these plans, if successful, would be sufficient to meet the capital demands of our current operations for at least the next twelve months, there is no guarantee that we will succeed. Overall, there is no guarantee that cash flow from our existing or future operations and any external capital that we may be able to raise will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs. The Company currently does not have adequate cash or available liquidity/available capacity on our lines of credit to meet our short or long-term needs. Absent an ability to raise additional outside capital and restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date. Each segment of the Company’s operations has positioned itself for growth and the Company’s long-term objectives include increasing marketing and sales for the Company’s products and services in each segment, increasing the Company’s presence through collaboration partnerships in each segment and through strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses for each segment. These long-term objectives will require sufficient cash to complete, and the Company expects to fund these objectives with cash on hand, issuance of debt, and from proceeds from the sale of the Company’s securities, which may not be sufficient to fully implement our growth initiatives. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to this uncertainty. 30 Table of Contents