Teucrium Commodity Trust 10-K

Item 5. Market for Registrant ’ s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities The principal trading market for the shares of CORN, SOYB, CANE, WEAT, and TAGS is the NYSE Arca. 53 Table of Contents Holders of the Funds The table below sets forth the approximate number of shareholders for each Fund of the Trust as of December 31, 2024. Fund Approximate Number of Shareholders CORN 12,849 SOYB 6,094 CANE 3,788 WEAT 27,809 TAGS 2,229 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The Sponsor, the Trust or any Fund do not purchase Shares directly from shareholders; however, the information below details for the current period, October 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024, by month and for the year ended December 31, 2024, the share purchases in connection with the redemption of baskets by Authorized Purchasers. 54 Table of Contents Issuer Purchases of CORN Shares: Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 1 to October 31, 2024 50,000 $ 18.38 N/A N/A November 1 to November 30, 2024 100,000 $ 18.13 N/A N/A December 1 to December 31, 2024 75,000 $ 18.32 N/A N/A Total 225,000 $ 18.25 January 1 to December 31, 2024 1,750,000 $ 19.22 N/A N/A Issuer Purchases of SOYB Shares: Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 1 to October 31, 2024 50,000 $ 22.35 N/A N/A November 1 to November 30, 2024 50,000 $ 21.50 N/A N/A December 1 to December 31, 2024 100,000 $ 20.99 N/A N/A Total 200,000 $ 21.46 January 1 to December 31, 2024 625,000 $ 23.83 N/A N/A 55 Table of Contents Issuer Purchases of WEAT Shares: Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 1 to October 31, 2024 1,600,000 $ 5.31 N/A N/A November 1 to November 30, 2024 75,000 $ 5.12 N/A N/A December 1 to December 31, 2024 - $ - N/A N/A Total 1,675,000 $ 5.30 January 1 to December 31, 2024 10,025,000 $ 5.53 N/A N/A Issuer Purchases of CANE Shares: Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 1 to October 31, 2024 75,000 $ 12.76 N/A N/A November 1 to November 30, 2024 325,000 $ 12.60 N/A N/A December 1 to December 31, 2024 200,000 $ 11.88 N/A N/A Total 600,000 $ 12.38 January 1 to December 31, 2024 1,300,000 $ 12.50 N/A N/A Issuer Purchases of TAGS Shares: Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 1 to October 31, 2024 25,000 $ 25.99 N/A N/A November 1 to November 30, 2024 - $ - N/A N/A December 1 to December 31, 2024 - $ - N/A N/A Total 25,000 $ 25.99 January 1 to December 31, 2024 212,500 $ 26.92 N/A N/A 56 Table of Contents Dividends Neither the Trust nor any Fund has made, and there are no plans to make any cash distributions to shareholders. Item 7. Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto of the Teucrium Commodity Trust and all of the Funds which are series of the Trust included elsewhere in the annual report on Form 10-K. This annual report on Form 10-K, including this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All statements (other than statements of historical fact) included in this filing that address activities, events or developments that will or may occur in the future, including such matters as movements in the commodities markets and indexes that track such movements, operations of the Funds, the Sponsor’s plans and references to the future success of a Fund or the Funds and other similar matters, are forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and analyses the Sponsor has made based on its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors appropriate in the circumstances. Whether or not actual results and developments will conform to the Sponsor’s expectations and predictions, however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the special considerations discussed in this prospectus, general economic, market and business conditions, changes in laws or regulations, including those concerning taxes, made by governmental authorities or regulatory bodies, and other world economic and political developments. Consequently, all the forward looking statements made in this filing are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that actual results or developments the Sponsor anticipates will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the expected consequences to, or have the expected effects on, the operations of the Funds or the value of the Shares of the Funds. Trust Overview The business and operations of the Trust and each Fund are described above under Part I, Item I entitled “Business.” The Trust’s critical accounting policies for all the Funds are as follows: 1. Preparation of the financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally-accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires the application of appropriate accounting rules and guidance, as well as the use of estimates, and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expense and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities during the reporting period of the combined financial statements and accompanying notes. The Trust’s application of these policies involves judgments and actual results may differ from the estimates used. 2. The Sponsor has determined that the valuation of commodity interests that are not traded on a U.S. or internationally recognized futures exchange (such as swaps and other over the counter contracts) involves a critical accounting policy. The values which are used by the Funds for futures contracts will be provided by the commodity broker who will use market prices when available, while over the counter contracts will be valued based on the present value of estimated future cash flows that would be received from or paid to a third party in settlement of these derivative contracts prior to their delivery date. Values will be determined on a daily basis. 3. Commodity futures contracts held by the Funds are recorded on the trade date. All such transactions are recorded on the identified cost basis and marked to market daily. Unrealized appreciation or depreciation on commodity futures contracts are reflected in the statement of assets and liabilities as the difference between the original contract amount and the fair market value as of the last business day of the year or as of the last date of the financial statements. Changes in the appreciation or depreciation between periods are reflected in the statement of operations. Interest on cash equivalents and deposits are recognized on an accrual basis. The Funds seek to earn interest on funds held at the custodian or other financial institutions at prevailing market rates for such investments. 4. Cash and cash equivalents are cash held at financial institutions in demand-deposit accounts or highly liquid investments with original maturity dates of three months or less at inception. The Funds report cash equivalents in the statements of assets and liabilities at market value, or at carrying amounts that approximate fair value, because of their highly liquid nature and short-term maturities. The Funds have a substantial portion of assets on deposit with banks. Assets deposited with financial institutions may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. 5. The use of fair value to measure financial instruments, with related unrealized gains or losses recognized in earnings in each period is fundamental to the Trust’s financial statements. In accordance with GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Trust uses various valuation approaches. In accordance with GAAP, a fair value hierarchy for inputs is used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Trust. Unobservable inputs reflect the Trust’s assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels: a) Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Trust has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 - securities and financial instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities and financial instruments does not entail a significant degree of judgment, b) Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, and c) Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. See the notes within the financial statements for further information. The Funds and the Trust record their derivative activities at fair value. Gains and losses from derivative contracts are included in the statement of operations. Derivative contracts include futures contracts related to commodity prices. Futures, which are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the CBOT or ICE, or reported on another national market, are generally categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. OTC derivatives contracts (such as forward and swap contracts) which may be valued using models, depending on whether significant inputs are observable or unobservable, are categorized in Levels 2 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy. 57 Table of Contents 6. The Funds recognize brokerage commissions on a per-trade basis. 7. Margin is the minimum amount of funds that must be deposited by a commodity interest trader with the trader’s broker to initiate and maintain an open position in futures contracts. A margin deposit acts to assure the trader’s performance of the futures contracts purchased or sold. Futures contracts are customarily bought and sold on initial margin that represents a very small percentage of the aggregate purchase or sales price of the contract. Because of such low margin requirements, price fluctuations occurring in the futures markets may create profits and losses that, in relation to the amount invested, are greater than those in other forms of investment or speculation. As discussed below, adverse price changes in the futures contract may result in margin requirements that greatly exceed the initial margin. In addition, the amount of margin required in connection with a particular futures contract may be modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Brokerage firms, such as the Funds’ clearing brokers, carrying accounts for traders in commodity interest contracts generally require higher amounts of margin as a matter of policy to further protect themselves. Over the counter trading generally involves the extension of credit between counterparties, so the counterparties may agree to require the posting of collateral by one or both parties to address credit exposure. When a trader purchases an option, there is no margin requirement; however, the option premium must be paid in full. When a trader sells an option, on the other hand, he or she is required to deposit margin in an amount determined by the margin requirements established for the underlying interest and, in addition, an amount substantially equal to the current premium for the option. The margin requirements imposed on the selling of options, although adjusted to reflect the probability that out of the money options will not be exercised, can in fact be higher than those imposed in dealing in the futures markets directly. Complicated margin requirements apply to spreads and conversions, which are complex trading strategies in which a trader acquires a mixture of options positions and positions in the underlying interest. Ongoing or “maintenance” margin requirements are computed each day by a trader’s clearing broker. When the market value of a particular open futures contract changes to a point where the margin on deposit does not satisfy maintenance margin requirements, a margin call is made by the broker. If the margin call is not met within a reasonable time, the broker may close out the trader’s position. With respect to the Funds’ trading, the Funds (and not its shareholders personally) are subject to margin calls. Finally, many major U.S. exchanges have passed certain cross margining arrangements involving procedures pursuant to which the futures and options positions held in an account would, in the case of some accounts, be aggregated, and margin requirements would be assessed on a portfolio basis, measuring the total risk of the combined positions. 8. Due from/to broker for investments in financial instruments are securities transactions pending settlement. The Trust and TAGS are subject to credit risk to the extent any broker with whom it conducts business is unable to fulfill contractual obligations on its behalf. The management of the Trust and the Funds monitors the financial condition of such brokers and does not anticipate any losses from these counterparties. The principal broker through which the Trust and TAGS has the ability to clear securities transactions for TAGS is U.S. Bank, N.A. 9. The Sponsor is responsible for investing the assets of the Fund in accordance with the objectives and policies of the Fund. CORN, SOYB, CANE, WEAT, and TAGS pays for all brokerage fees, taxes, and other expenses, including licensing fees for the use of intellectual property, registration or other fees paid to the SEC, FINRA, formally the National Association of Securities Dealers, or any other regulatory agency in connection with the offer and sale of subsequent Shares after its initial registration and all legal, accounting, printing and other expenses associated therewith. The Fund also pays its portion of the fees and expenses for services directly attributable to the Fund such as accounting, financial reporting, regulatory compliance, and trading activities, which the Sponsor elected not to outsource. Certain aggregate expenses common to all Teucrium Funds within the Trust are allocated by the Sponsor to the respective Funds based on activity drivers deemed most appropriate by the Sponsor for such expenses, including but not limited to relative assets under management and creation order activity. These aggregate common expenses include, but are not limited to, legal, auditing, accounting and financial reporting, tax‐preparation, regulatory compliance, trading activities, and insurance costs, as well as fees paid to the Marketing Agent. A portion of these aggregate common expenses are related to the Sponsor or related parties of principals of the Sponsor; these are necessary services to the Teucrium Funds, which are primarily the cost of performing certain accounting and financial reporting, regulatory compliance, and trading activities that are directly attributable to the Fund and are included, primarily, in distribution and marketing fees. In addition, the Agricultural Funds, except for TAGS which has no such fee, are contractually obligated to pay a monthly management fee to the Sponsor, based on average daily net assets, at a rate equal to 1.00% per annum. 10. The investment objective of TAGS is to have the daily changes in percentage terms of the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) of its common units (“Shares”) reflect the daily changes in percentage terms of a weighted average (the “Underlying Fund Average”) of the NAVs per share of four other commodity pools that are series of the Trust and are sponsored by the Sponsor: the Teucrium Corn Fund, the Teucrium Wheat Fund, the Teucrium Soybean Fund and the Teucrium Sugar Fund (collectively, the “Underlying Funds”). The Underlying Fund Average will have a weighting of 25% to each Underlying Fund, and the Fund’s assets will be rebalanced, generally on a daily basis, to maintain the approximate 25% allocation to each Underlying Fund. As such, TAGS will buy, sell and hold as part of its normal operations Shares of the four Underlying Funds. The Trust excludes the Shares of the other series of the Trust owned by the Teucrium Agricultural Fund from its statements of assets and liabilities. The Trust excludes the net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation on securities owned by the Teucrium Agricultural Fund from its statements of operations. Upon the sale of the Underlying Funds by the Teucrium Agricultural Fund, the Trust includes any realized gain or loss in its statements of changes in net assets. 58 Table of Contents 11. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Funds intend to be treated as partnerships. Therefore, the Funds do not record a provision for income taxes because the partners report their share of a Fund’s income or loss on their income tax returns. The financial statements reflect the Funds’ transactions without adjustment, if any, required for income tax purposes. 12. For commercial paper, the Funds use the effective interest method for calculating the actual interest rate in a period based on the amount of a financial instrument's book value at the beginning of the accounting period. Accretion on these investments are recognized using the effective interest method in U.S. dollars and recognized in cash equivalents. All discounts on purchase prices of debt securities are accreted over the life of the respective security. Results of Operations The discussion below addresses the material changes in the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. CORN, SOYB, CANE, WEAT and TAGS operated for the entirety of all periods discussed below. Total expenses for the current and comparative periods are presented both gross and net of any expenses waived or paid by the Sponsor that would have been incurred by the Funds (“expenses waived by the Sponsor”). For all expenses waived in 2022, 2023 and 2024, the Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods. “Total expenses, net,” which is after the impact of any expenses waived by or reimbursed to the Sponsor, are presented in the same manner as previously reported. There is, therefore, no impact to or change in the net gain or net loss in any period for the Trust and each Fund as a result of this change in presentation. The Sponsor is responsible for investing the assets of the Fund in accordance with the objectives and policies of the Fund. In addition, the Sponsor arranges for one or more third parties to provide administrative, custodial, accounting, transfer agency and other necessary services to the Fund, including services directly attributable to the Fund such as accounting, financial reporting, regulatory compliance and trading activities, which the Sponsor elected not to outsource. In addition, the Funds, except for TAGS which has no such fee, are contractually obligated to pay a monthly management fee to the Sponsor, based on average daily net assets, at a rate equal to 1.00% per annum. The Agricultural Funds generally pay for all brokerage fees, taxes, and other expenses, including licensing fees for the use of intellectual property, registration or other fees paid to the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), or any other regulatory agency in connection with the offer and sale of subsequent Shares after its initial registration and all legal, accounting, printing and other expenses associated therewith. Each Fund also pays its portion of the fees and expenses associated with the Trust’s tax accounting and reporting requirements. Certain aggregate expenses common to all Funds within the Trust are allocated by the Sponsor to the respective funds based on activity drivers deemed most appropriate by the Sponsor for such expenses, including but not limited to relative assets under management and creation order activity. These aggregate common expenses include, but are not limited to, legal, auditing, accounting and financial reporting, tax‐preparation, regulatory compliance, trading activities, and insurance costs, as well as fees paid to the Marketing Agent, which are included in the related line item in the statements of operations. A portion of these aggregate common expenses are related to services provided by the Sponsor or related parties of principals of the Sponsor; these are necessary services to the Funds, which are primarily the cost of performing accounting and financial reporting, regulatory compliance, and trading activities that are directly attributable to the Funds and are, primarily, included as distribution and marketing fees on the statements of operations. These amounts, for the Trust and for each Fund, are detailed in the notes to the financial statements included in Part I of this filing. 59 Table of Contents The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Funds or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. Expenses paid by the Sponsor and Management fees waived by the Sponsor are, if applicable, presented as waived expenses in the statements of operations for each Fund. Teucrium Corn Fund The Teucrium Corn Fund commenced investment operations on June 9, 2010. The investment objective of the Corn Fund is to have the daily changes in percentage terms of the Shares’ NAV reflect the daily changes in percentage terms of a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three futures contracts for corn (“Corn Futures Contracts”) that are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second to expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third to expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Corn Futures Contract expiring in the December following the expiration month of the third to expire contract, weighted 35%. The benchmark for the Fund is the Teucrium Corn Index (TCORN). To convert to an index, 100 is set to $25, the opening day price of CORN. The Fund does not track the spot price of corn. On December 31, 2024, the Corn Fund held a total of CBOT Corn Futures contracts with a notional value of $64,720,776. The contracts had an asset fair value of $1,936,572 and a liability fair value of $ 1,955,417 . The weighting of the notional value of the contracts was weighted as follows: (1) 35% to the MAY25 contracts, the second to expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, (2) 30% to JUL25 CBOT contracts, the third to expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, and (3) 35% to DEC25 CBOT contracts, the CBOT Corn Futures Contract expiring in the December following the expiration month of the third to expire contract. As of December 31, 2024 Compared to December 31, 2023 and 2022 Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Total Net Assets $ 64,724,238 $ 81,050,442 $ 152,638,405 Shares Outstanding 3,450,004 3,750,004 5,675,004 Net Asset Value per share $ 18.76 $ 21.61 $ 26.90 Closing Price $ 18.77 $ 21.57 $ 26.93 Total net assets for the Fund decreased year over year by 20%, driven by a decrease in the NAV per share of $2.85 or 13% . The net assets for the Fund decreased by 58% when comparing 2024 to 2022. This change in total net assets year over year, in the opinion of management, was generally due to a combination of depreciation of commodity prices and investor out-flows. 60 Table of Contents Year ended Year ended Year ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Average daily total net assets $ 65,801,707 $ 105,415,567 $ 212,104,084 Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on futures contracts $ (11,392,859 ) $ (27,507,874 ) $ 21,467,120 Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents $ 3,384,093 $ 5,217,831 $ 3,437,856 Annualized interest yield based on average daily total net assets 5.14 % 4.95 % 1.62 % Net (loss) Income $ (10,157,308 ) $ (24,996,285 ) $ 21,256,851 Weighted average share outstanding 3,448,433 4,424,182 8,002,538 Management Fees $ 658,017 $ 1,054,156 $ 2,121,041 Total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees $ 1,490,525 $ 1,652,086 $ 1,872,939 Brokerage Commissions $ 48,170 $ 65,449 $ 217,050 Expenses waived by the Sponsor $ - $ - $ 345,855 Total gross expense ratio 3.27 % 2.57 % 1.88 % Total expense ratio net of expenses waived by the Sponsor 3.27 % 2.57 % 1.72 % Net investment gain (loss) 1.88 % 2.38 % 0.10 % Creation of Shares 1,450,000 975,000 8,050,000 Redemption of Shares 1,750,000 2,900,000 7,975,000 Realized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of: 1) the change in the price of the particular contracts sold as part of a “roll” in contracts as the nearest to expire contracts are exchanged for the appropriate contract given the investment objective of the fund, 2) the change in the price of particular contracts sold in relation to redemption of Shares, 3) the gain or loss associated with rebalancing trades which are made to ensure conformance to the benchmark, 4) the number of contracts held and then sold for either circumstance aforementioned. The Fund recognizes the expense for brokerage commissions for futures contract trades on a per trade basis. Unrealized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of the change in the price of contracts held on the final date of the period versus the purchase price for each contract and the number of contracts held in each contract month. The Sponsor has a static benchmark as described above and trades futures contracts to adhere to that benchmark and to adjust for the creation or redemption of Shares. The decrease in interest and other income year over year was due to lower average daily total net assets. As a result, the amount of interest income earned as a percentage of average daily total net assets was lower during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022. The Fund seeks to earn interest and other income in investment grade, short-duration instruments or deposits associated with the pool’s cash management strategy that may be used to offset expenses. These investments may include, but are not limited to, short-term Treasury Securities, demand deposits, money market funds and investments in commercial paper. These interest rate levels may be lower or higher than the projected interest rates stated in the prospectuses and thus will impact your breakeven even point. The increase/decrease in management fee paid to the Sponsor is a result of higher/lower average net assets. The management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1% of the Fund’s daily average net assets. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The decrease in total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023 was generally due to the decrease in average assets under management relative to the other Funds. The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Fund or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. The Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods for those expenses which have been waived for the period. The decrease in total brokerage commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to a decrease in contracts purchased, liquidated, and rolled. 61 Table of Contents The graph below shows the actual Shares outstanding, total net assets (or AUM) and net asset value per share (NAV per share) for the Fund from inception to December 31, 2024 and serves to illustrate the relative changes of these components. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The seasonality patterns for corn futures prices are impacted by a variety of factors. These include, but are not limited to, the harvest in the fall, the planting conditions in the spring, and the weather throughout the critical germination and growing periods. Prices for corn futures are affected by the availability and demand for substitute agricultural commodities, including soybeans and wheat, and the demand for corn as an additive for fuel, through the production of ethanol. The price of corn futures contracts is also influenced by global economic conditions, including the demand for exports to other countries. Such factors will impact the performance of the Fund and the results of operations on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor cannot predict the impact of such factors. Teucrium Soybean Fund The Teucrium Soybean Fund commenced investment operations on September 19, 2011. The investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in the NAV of the Fund’s Shares reflect the daily changes in the soybean market for future delivery as measured by the Benchmark. The Benchmark is a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three futures contracts for soybeans (“Soybean Futures Contracts”) that are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second to expire CBOT Soybean Futures Contract (excluding August & September), weighted 35%, (2) the third to expire CBOT Soybean Futures Contract (excluding August & September), weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Soybean Futures Contract expiring in the November following the expiration of the third to expire contract, weighted 35%. The benchmark for the Fund is the Teucrium Soybean Index (TSOYB). To convert to an index, 100 is set to $25, the opening day price of SOYB. The Fund does not track the spot price of soybeans. On December 31, 2024, the Fund held a total of CBOT soybean futures contracts with a notional value of $ 25,223,675. The contracts had a liability fair value of $ 1,321,026 . The weighting of the notional value of the contracts was weighted as follows: (1) 35% to MAR25 CBOT contracts, (2) 30% to MAY25 CBOT contracts, and (3) 35% to NOV25 CBOT contracts. 62 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2024 Compared to December 31, 2023 and 2022 Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Total Net Assets $ 25,223,043 $ 29,056,020 $ 58,429,985 Shares Outstanding 1,175,004 1,075,004 2,050,004 Net Asset Value per share $ 21.47 $ 27.03 $ 28.50 Closing Price $ 21.48 $ 27.01 $ 28.50 Total net assets for the Fund decreased year over year by 13%, driven by a combination of an increase in the NAV per share of $5.56 or 21% and an increase in the Shares outstanding of 100,000 Shares or 9%. This change year over year, in the opinion of management, was generally due to a combination of depreciation of commodity prices and investor out-flows. The net assets for the Fund decreased by 57% when comparing 2024 to 2022. Year ended Year ended Year ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Average daily total net assets $ 28,712,859 $ 36,953,152 $ 67,772,708 Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on futures contracts $ (6,820,974 ) $ (2,971,479 ) $ 10,197,551 Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents $ 1,475,582 $ 1,843,080 $ 1,141,420 Annualized interest yield based on average daily total net assets 5.14 % 4.99 % 1.68 % Net (loss) Income $ (6,368,175 ) $ (2,257,138 ) $ 10,129,998 Weighted average share outstanding 1,223,228 1,345,346 2,515,004 Management Fees $ 287,128 $ 369,531 $ 677,727 Total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees $ 735,655 $ 759,208 $ 620,809 Brokerage Commissions $ 9,837 $ 12,517 $ 27,011 Expenses waived by the Sponsor $ - $ - $ 89,562 Total gross expense ratio 3.56 % 3.05 % 1.92 % Total expense ratio net of expenses waived by the Sponsor 3.56 % 3.05 % 1.78 % Net investment gain (loss) 1.58 % 1.93 % 0.10 % Creation of Shares 725,000 450,000 2,200,000 Redemption of Shares 625,000 1,425,000 2,125,000 Realized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of: 1) the change in the price of the particular contracts sold as part of a “roll” in contracts as the nearest to expire contracts are exchanged for the appropriate contract given the investment objective of the fund, 2) the change in the price of particular contracts sold in relation to redemption of Shares, 3) the gain or loss associated with rebalancing trades which are made to ensure conformance to the benchmark, 4) the number of contracts held and then sold for either circumstance aforementioned. The Fund recognizes the expense for brokerage commissions for futures contract trades on a per trade basis. Unrealized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of the change in the price of contracts held on the final date of the period versus the purchase price for each contract and the number of contracts held in each contract month. The Sponsor has a static benchmark as described above and trades futures contracts to adhere to that benchmark and to adjust for the creation or redemption of Shares. The decrease in interest and other income year over year was due to a decrease in Federal Fund Rates. As a result, the amount of interest income earned as a percentage of average daily total net assets was higher during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022. The Fund seeks to earn interest and other income in investment grade, short-duration instruments or deposits associated with the pool’s cash management strategy that may be used to offset expenses. These investments may include, but are not limited to, short-term Treasury Securities, demand deposits, money market funds and investments in commercial paper. These interest rate levels may be lower or higher than the projected interest rates stated in the prospectuses and thus will impact your breakeven even point. 63 Table of Contents The decrease in management fee paid to the Sponsor compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022 was a result of lower average net assets. The management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1% of the Fund’s daily average net assets. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The decrease in total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023 was generally due to the decrease in average assets under management relative to the other Funds. The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Fund or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. The Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods for those expenses which have been waived for the period. The decrease in total brokerage commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to a decrease in contracts purchased, liquidated, and rolled. The graph below shows the actual Shares outstanding, total net assets (or AUM) and net asset value per share (NAV per share) for the Fund from inception to December 31, 2024 and serves to illustrate the relative changes of these components. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The seasonality patterns for soybean futures prices are impacted by a variety of factors. These include, but are not limited to, the harvest in the fall, the planting conditions in the spring, and the weather throughout the critical germination and growing periods. Prices for soybean futures are affected by the availability and demand for substitute agricultural commodities, including corn and wheat. The price of soybean futures contracts is also influenced by global economic conditions, including the demand for exports to other countries. Such factors will impact the performance of the Fund and the results of operations on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor cannot predict the impact of such factors. 64 Table of Contents Teucrium Sugar Fund The Teucrium Sugar Fund commenced investment operations on September 19, 2011. The investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in the NAV of the Fund’s Shares reflect the daily changes in the sugar market for future delivery as measured by the Benchmark. The Benchmark is a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three futures contracts for No. 11 Sugar (“Sugar Futures Contracts”) that are traded on the ICE Futures US (“ICE Futures”), specifically (1) the second to expire ICE No.11 Sugar Futures Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third to expire ICE No.11 Sugar Futures Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the ICE No.11 Sugar Futures Contract expiring in the March following the expiration of the third to expire contract, weighted 35%. The benchmark for the Fund is the Teucrium Sugar Index (TCANE). To convert to an index, 100 is set to $25, the opening day price of CANE. The Fund does not track the spot price of sugarcane. On December 31, 2024, the Fund held a total of ICE sugar futures contracts with a notional value of $ 12,542,376 . The contracts had a liability fair value of $1,560,295. The weighting of the notional value of the contracts was weighted as follows: (1) 35% to the MAY25 ICE No 11 contracts, (2) 30% to the JUL25 ICE No 11 contracts, and (3) 35% to the MAR26 ICE No 11 contracts. As of December 31, 2024 Compared to December 31, 2023 and 2022 Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Total Net Assets $ 12,546,977 $ 17,720,099 $ 24,262,359 Shares Outstanding 1,100,004 1,425,004 2,550,004 Net Asset Value per share $ 11.41 $ 12.44 $ 9.51 Closing Price $ 11.43 $ 12.40 $ 9.53 Total net assets for the Fund decreased year over year by 29%, driven by a combination of a decrease in total Shares outstanding of 325,000 or 23% and a decrease in the NAV per share of $1.03 or 8%. The net assets for the Fund decreased by 48% when comparing 2024 to 2022. This change was, in the opinion of management, was generally due to a combination of depreciation of commodity prices and investor out-flows. Year ended Year ended Year ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Average daily total net assets $ 14,505,362 $ 26,757,409 $ 27,802,846 Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on futures contracts $ (1,372,506 ) $ 7,884,077 $ (614,996 ) Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents $ 734,413 $ 1,340,056 $ 452,734 Annualized interest yield based on average daily total net assets 5.06 % 5.01 % 1.63 % Net Income (loss) $ (1,279,647 ) $ 8,364,960 $ (672,495 ) Weighted average share outstanding 1,164,553 2,104,388 2,995,004 Management Fees $ 145,054 $ 267,574 $ 278,028 Total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees $ 496,500 $ 591,599 $ 310,442 Brokerage Commissions $ 10,809 $ 21,903 $ 33,469 Expenses waived by the Sponsor $ - $ - $ 78,237 Total gross expense ratio 4.42 % 3.21 % 2.12 % Total expense ratio net of expenses waived by the Sponsor 4.42 % 3.21 % 1.84 % Net investment gain (loss) 0.64 % 1.80 % 0.21 % Creation of Shares 975,000 1,950,000 2,800,000 Redemption of Shares 1,300,000 3,075,000 2,725,000 65 Table of Contents Realized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of: 1) the change in the price of the particular contracts sold as part of a “roll” in contracts as the nearest to expire contracts are exchanged for the appropriate contract given the investment objective of the fund, 2) the change in the price of particular contracts sold in relation to redemption of Shares, 3) the gain or loss associated with rebalancing trades which are made to ensure conformance to the benchmark, 4) the number of contracts held and then sold for either circumstance aforementioned. The Fund recognizes the expense for brokerage commissions for futures contract trades on a per trade basis. Unrealized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of the change in the price of contracts held on the final date of the period versus the purchase price for each contract and the number of contracts held in each contract month. The Sponsor has a static benchmark as described above and trades futures contracts to adhere to that benchmark and to adjust for the creation or redemption of Shares. The decrease in interest and other income year over year was due to a decrease in average net assets. As a result, the amount of interest income earned as a percentage of average daily total net assets was lower during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022. The Fund seeks to earn interest and other income in investment grade, short-duration instruments or deposits associated with the pool’s cash management strategy that may be used to offset expenses. These investments may include, but are not limited to, short-term Treasury Securities, demand deposits, money market funds and investments in commercial paper. These interest rate levels may be lower or higher than the projected interest rates stated in the prospectuses and thus will impact your breakeven even point. The decrease/increase in management fee paid to the Sponsor compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022 was a result of lower/higher average net assets. The management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1% of the Fund’s daily average net assets. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The decrease in total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023 was generally due to the decrease in average assets under management relative to the other Funds. The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Fund or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. The Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods for those expenses which have been waived for the period. The decrease in total brokerage commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was primarily due to a decrease in contracts purchased, liquidated, and rolled. 66 Table of Contents The graph below shows the actual Shares outstanding, total net assets (or AUM) and net asset value per share (NAV per share) for the Fund from inception to December 31, 2024 and serves to illustrate the relative changes of these components. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The seasonality patterns for sugarcane futures prices are impacted by a variety of factors. In the futures market, contracts expiring during the harvest season are typically priced lower than contracts expiring in the winter and spring. While the sugar harvest seasons varies from country to country, prices of Sugar Futures Contracts tend to be lowest in the late spring and early summer, reflecting the harvest season in Brazil, the world’s leading producer of sugarcane. Thus, seasonal fluctuations could result in an investor incurring losses upon the sale of Fund Shares, particularly if the investor needs to sell Shares when the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts are, in whole or part, Sugar Futures Contracts expiring in the late spring or early summer. The price of sugar futures contracts is also influenced by global economic conditions, including the demand for imports and exports to other countries. Such factors will impact the performance of the Fund and the results of operations on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor cannot predict the impact of such factors. Teucrium Wheat Fund The Teucrium Wheat Fund commenced investment operations on September 19, 2011. The investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in the NAV of the Fund’s Shares reflect the daily changes in the wheat market for future delivery as measured by the Benchmark. The Benchmark is a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three futures contracts for wheat (“Wheat Futures Contracts”) that are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second to expire CBOT Wheat Futures Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third to expire CBOT Wheat Futures Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Wheat Futures Contract expiring in the December following the expiration of the third to expire contract, weighted 35%. The benchmark for the Fund is the Teucrium Wheat Index (TWEAT). To convert to an index, 100 is set to $25, the opening day price of WEAT. The Fund does not track the spot price of wheat. On December 31, 2024, the Fund held a total of 4,234 CBOT wheat futures contracts with a notional value of $ 122,105,350 . The contracts had a liability fair value of $ 11,974,384 The weighting of the notional value of the contracts was weighted as follows: (1) 35% to MAY25 CBOT contracts, (2) 30% to JUL25 CBOT contracts, and (3) 35% to DEC25 CBOT contracts. 67 Table of Contents As of December 31, 2024 Compared December 31, 2023 and 2022 Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Total Net Assets $ 122,144,207 $ 184,176,669 $ 228,972,039 Shares Outstanding 25,300,004 30,800,004 28,675,004 Net Asset Value per share $ 4.83 $ 5.98 $ 7.99 Closing Price $ 4.82 $ 5.97 $ 7.98 Total net assets for the Fund decreased year over year by 34%, driven by a combination of a decrease in total Shares outstanding of 5,500,000 or 18% and a decrease in the NAV per share of $1.15 or 19%. The net assets for the Fund decreased by 47% when comparing 2024 to 2022. This change year over year, in the opinion of management, was generally due to a combination of depreciation of commodity prices and investor outflows. Year ended Year ended Year ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Average daily total net assets $ 144,576,587 $ 187,876,343 $ 354,950,645 Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on futures contracts $ (32,838,266 ) $ (60,307,502 ) $ (107,737,217 ) Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents $ 7,381,620 $ 9,252,100 $ 5,619,025 Annualized interest yield based on average daily total net assets 5.11 % 4.92 % 1.58 % Net (Loss) Income $ (30,079,927 ) $ (55,972,973 ) $ (108,450,550 ) Weighted average share outstanding 27,044,335 29,084,936 37,882,059 Management Fees $ 1,445,767 $ 1,878,763 $ 3,549,506 Total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees $ 3,177,514 $ 3,038,808 $ 3,208,016 Brokerage Commissions $ 75,565 $ 105,792 $ 387,999 Expenses waived by the Sponsor $ - $ - $ 425,164 Total gross expense ratio 3.20 % 2.62 % 1.90 % Total expense ratio net of expenses waived by the Sponsor 3.20 % 2.62 % 1.78 % Net investment gain (loss) 1.91 % 2.31 % -0.20 % Creation of Shares 4,525,000 14,950,000 85,350,000 Redemption of Shares 10,025,000 12,825,000 66,925,000 Realized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of: 1) the change in the price of the particular contracts sold as part of a “roll” in contracts as the nearest to expire contracts are exchanged for the appropriate contract given the investment objective of the fund, 2) the change in the price of particular contracts sold in relation to redemption of Shares, 3) the gain or loss associated with rebalancing trades which are made to ensure conformance to the benchmark, 4) the number of contracts held and then sold for either circumstance aforementioned. The Fund recognizes the expense for brokerage commissions for futures contract trades on a per trade basis. Unrealized gain or loss on trading of commodity futures contracts is a function of the change in the price of contracts held on the final date of the period versus the purchase price for each contract and the number of contracts held in each contract month. The Sponsor has a static benchmark as described above and trades futures contracts to adhere to that benchmark and to adjust for the creation or redemption of Shares. The decrease in interest and other income year over year was due to a decrease in average net assets. As a result, the amount of interest income earned as a percentage of average daily total net assets was lower during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022. The Fund seeks to earn interest and other income in investment grade, short-duration instruments or deposits associated with the pool’s cash management strategy that may be used to offset expenses. These investments may include, but are not limited to, short-term Treasury Securities, demand deposits, money market funds and investments in commercial paper. These interest rate levels may be lower or higher than the projected interest rates stated in the prospectuses and thus will impact your breakeven even point. 68 Table of Contents The decrease/increase in management fee paid to the Sponsor is a result of higher/lower average net assets. The management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1% of the Fund’s daily average net assets. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The decrease/increase in total gross fees and other expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023 and 2022 was generally due to the decrease/increase in average assets under management relative to the other Funds. The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Fund or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. The Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods for those expenses which have been waived for the period. The decrease in total brokerage commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was primarily due to a decrease in contracts purchased, liquidated, and rolled. The graph below shows the actual Shares outstanding, total net assets (or AUM) and net asset value per share (NAV per share) for the Fund from inception to December 31, 2024 and serves to illustrate the relative changes of these components. Other than the management fee to the Sponsor and the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The seasonality patterns for wheat futures prices are impacted by a variety of factors. These include, but are not limited to, the harvest in summer and fall, the planting conditions, and the weather throughout the critical germination and growing periods. Prices for wheat futures are affected by the availability and demand for substitute agricultural commodities, including corn and other feed grains. The price of wheat futures contracts is also influenced by global economic conditions, including the demand for exports to other countries. Such factors will impact the performance of the Fund and the results of operations on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor cannot predict the impact of such factors. 69 Table of Contents Teucrium Agricultural Fund The Teucrium Agricultural Fund commenced operation on March 28, 2012. The investment objective of the Fund is to provide daily investment results that reflect the combined daily performance of four other commodity pools that are a series of the Trust and are sponsored by the Sponsor: the Teucrium Corn Fund, the Teucrium Wheat Fund, the Teucrium Soybean Fund and the Teucrium Sugar Fund (the “Underlying Funds”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective generally by investing equally in Shares of each of the four Underlying Funds. The Fund’s investments in Shares of the Underlying Funds is rebalanced, generally on a daily basis, in order to maintain approximately a 25% allocation to each of the Fund’s assets to each Underlying Fund. The fund does not track the spot price of corn, wheat, soybeans, or sugarcane. The Fund does not intend to invest directly in futures contracts (“Futures Contracts”), although it reserves the right to do so in the future, including if an Underlying Fund ceases operation. The benchmark for the Fund is the Teucrium Agricultural Index (TTAGS). To convert to an index, 100 is set to $50, the opening day price of TAGS. On December 31, 2024, the Fund held: 1) 138,311 Shares of CORN with a fair value of $2,594,798; 2) 542,032 Shares of WEAT with a fair value of $2,616,822; 3) 122,016 Shares of SOYB with a fair value of $2,619,232; and 4) 220,370 Shares of CANE with a fair value of $2,513,606 . The weighting on December 31, 2024 was 25% to CORN, 25% to WEAT, 25% to SOYB and 25% to CANE. As of December 31, 2024 Compared to December 31, 2023 and 2022 Year Ending Year Ending Year Ending December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Total Net Assets $ 10,353,411 $ 18,409,126 $ 39,575,245 Shares Outstanding 412,502 625,002 1,262,502 Net Asset Value per share $ 25.10 $ 29.45 $ 31.35 Closing Price $ 25.12 $ 29.41 $ 31.32 Total net assets for the Fund decreased year over year by 44%, driven by a combination of a decrease in Shares outstanding of 212,500 Shares or 34% and a decrease in the NAV per share of $4.36 or 15%. The net assets for the Fund decreased by 74% when comparing 2024 to 2022. Year ended Year ended Year ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Average daily total net assets $ 13,370,211 $ 27,735,877 $ 37,414,830 Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on securities $ (2,323,206 ) $ (1,311,862 ) $ (1,048,858 ) Interest income earned on cash equivalents $ 495 $ 590 $ 432 Annualized interest yield based on average daily total net assets 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % Net (Loss) Income $ (2,334,744 ) $ (1,336,239 ) $ (1,099,236 ) Weighted average share outstanding 494,947 897,742 1,189,659 Total gross fees and other expenses $ 247,780 $ 465,158 $ 313,738 Brokerage Commissions $ - $ - $ - Expenses waived by the Sponsor $ 235,747 $ 440,191 $ 262,928 Total gross expense ratio 1.85 % 1.68 % 0.84 % Total expense ratio net of expenses waived by the Sponsor 0.09 % 0.09 % 0.14 % Net investment (loss) -0.09 % -0.09 % -0.13 % Creation of Shares - - 1,362,500 Redemption of Shares 212,500 637,500 625,000 Realized gain or loss on the securities of the Underlying Funds is a function of 1) the change in the price of particular contracts sold in relation to redemption of Shares, 2) the gain or loss associated with rebalancing trades which are made to ensure conformance to the benchmark and 3) the full-turn brokerage commission fee recognized on a per trade basis. Unrealized gain or loss on the securities of the Underlying Funds is a function of the change in the price of Shares held on the final date of the period versus the purchase price for each and the number held. The Sponsor has a static benchmark as described above and trades futures contracts to adhere to that benchmark and to adjust for the creation or redemption of Shares. 70 Table of Contents Other than the brokerage commissions, most of the expenses incurred by the Fund are associated with the day to day operation of the Fund and the necessary functions related to regulatory compliance. These are generally based on contracts, which extend for some period of time and up to one year, or commitments regardless of the level of assets under management. The structure of the Fund and the nature of the expenses are such that as total net assets grow, there is a scalability of expenses that may allow the total expense ratio to be reduced. However, if total net assets for the Fund fall, the total expense ratio of the Fund will increase unless additional reductions are made by the Sponsor to the daily expense accruals. The Sponsor can elect to adjust the daily expense accruals at its discretion based on market conditions and other Fund considerations. The change in total gross fees and other expenses for the year ending December 31, 2024, compared to the years ending 2023 and 2022, was generally due to the decrease/increase in average assets under management. The Sponsor has the ability to elect to pay certain expenses on behalf of the Fund or waive the management fee. This election is subject to change by the Sponsor, at its discretion. The Sponsor has determined that no reimbursement will be sought in future periods for those expenses which have been waived for the period. The graph below shows the actual Shares outstanding, total net assets (or AUM) and net asset value per share (NAV per share) for the Fund from inception to December 31, 2024 and serves to illustrate the relative changes of these components. 71 Table of Contents Benchmark Performance During the period from January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024, the average daily change in the NAV of each Fund was within plus/minus 10 percent of the average daily change in the Benchmark of the Fund. Frequency Distribution of Premiums and Discounts Description The frequency distribution charts below present information about the difference between the daily market price for Shares of each Fund and the Fund’s reported Net Asset Value per share. The amount that a Fund’s market price is above the reported NAV is called the premium. The amount that a Fund’s market price is below the reported NAV is called the discount. The market price is determined using the midpoint between the highest bid and the lowest offer on the listing exchange, as of the time that a Fund’s NAV is calculated (usually 4:00 p.m., (ET)). The chart shows the number of trading days in which a Fund traded within the premium/discount range indicated. The charts are also available on the website for each Fund on a quarterly basis. *A unit that is equal to 1/100th of 1% and is used to denote the change in a financial instrument. NEITHER THE PAST PERFORMANCE OF A FUND NOR THE PRIOR INDEX LEVELS AND CHANGES, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, SHOULD BE TAKEN AS AN INDICATION OF THE FUND ’ S FUTURE PERFORMANCE CORN Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Total Days at premium 20 32 30 25 107 Days at NAV 7 4 8 8 27 Days at discount 34 27 26 31 118 The performance data above for the Teucrium Corn Fund represents past performance. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Investment return and value of the Fund’s Shares will fluctuate so that an investor’s Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. SOYB Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Total Days at premium 46 28 35 27 136 Days at NAV 2 3 5 6 16 Days at discount 13 32 24 31 100 The performance data above for the Teucrium Soybean Fund represents past performance. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Investment return and value of the Fund’s Shares will fluctuate so that an investor’s Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. 72 Table of Contents CANE Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Total Days at premium 28 30 34 35 127 Days at NAV 6 12 7 9 34 Days at discount 27 21 23 20 91 The performance data above for the Teucrium Sugar Fund represents past performance. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Investment return and value of the Fund’s Shares will fluctuate so that an investor’s Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. WEAT Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Total Days at premium 16 21 28 18 83 Days at NAV 24 22 23 22 91 Days at discount 21 20 13 24 78 The performance data above for the Teucrium Wheat Fund represents past performance. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Investment return and value of the Fund’s Shares will fluctuate so that an investor’s Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. TAGS Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Total Days at premium 10 27 35 29 101 Days at NAV 5 10 9 7 31 Days at discount 46 26 20 28 120 The performance data above for the Teucrium Agricultural Fund represents past performance. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Investment return and value of the Fund’s Shares will fluctuate so that an investor’s Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance may be lower or higher than performance data quoted. For the period from August 2, 2012 through April 10, 2018, TAGS had 50,002 shares outstanding; this represents the minimum number of Shares and, thus, no Shares could be redeemed until additional Shares have been created. This has generated a situation, at times, in which the spread between the bid/ask midpoint at 4 p.m. and the NAV falls outside of the “1 to 49” or “-1 to -49” range. The situation does not affect the actual NAV of the Fund. 73 Table of Contents Off Balance Sheet Financing As of December 31, 2024, neither the Trust nor any of the Funds has any loan guarantees, credit support or other off-balance sheet arrangements of any kind other than agreements entered into in the normal course of business, which may include indemnification provisions relating to certain risks service providers undertake in performing services which are in the best interests of the Funds. While the exposure of each Fund under these indemnification provisions cannot be estimated, they are not expected to have a material impact on the financial positions of each Fund. Liquidity and Capital Resources The Funds do not anticipate making use of borrowings or other lines of credit to meet their obligations. The Funds meet their liquidity needs in the normal course of business from the proceeds of the sale of their investments from the cash and cash equivalents that they intend to hold, and/or from the fee waivers provided by the Sponsor. The Funds’ liquidity needs include redeeming their Shares, providing margin deposits for existing Futures Contracts or the purchase of additional Futures Contracts, posting collateral for over‐the‐counter Commodity Interests, and paying expenses. The Funds generate cash primarily from (i) the sale of Creation Baskets and (ii) interest earned on cash and cash equivalents. Generally, all of the net assets of the Funds are allocated to trading in Commodity Interests. Most of the assets of the Funds are held in cash and/or cash equivalents. The percentage that such assets bear to the total net assets will vary from period to period as the market values of the Commodity Interests change. Interest earned on interest‐bearing assets of a Fund are paid to that Fund. During times of extreme market volatility and economic uncertainty, the Funds may experience a significant change in interest rates, and as such the Funds may experience a change in the breakeven point. The investments of a Fund in Commodity Interests are subject to periods of illiquidity because of market conditions, regulatory considerations, and other reasons. For example, U.S. futures exchanges limit the fluctuations in the prices of certain Futures Contracts during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily limits.” During a single day, no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit. Once the price of such a Futures Contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in the contracts can neither be taken nor liquidated unless the traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. Such market conditions could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating a position in Futures Contracts. 74 Table of Contents Market Risk Trading in Commodity Interests such as Futures Contracts will involve the Funds entering into contractual commitments to purchase or sell specific amounts of commodities at a specified date in the future. The gross or face amount of the contracts is expected to significantly exceed the future cash requirements of each Fund as each Fund intends to close out any open positions prior to the contractual expiration date. As a result, each Fund’s market risk is the risk of loss arising from the decline in value of the contracts, not from the need to make delivery under the contracts. The Funds consider the “fair value” of derivative instruments to be the unrealized gain or loss on the contracts. The market risk associated with the commitment by the Funds to purchase a specific commodity will be limited to the aggregate face amount of the contacts held. The exposure of the Funds to market risk will depend on a number of factors including the markets for the specific commodity, the volatility of interest rates and foreign exchange rates, the liquidity of the Commodity Specific Interests markets and the relationships among the contracts held by each Fund. Credit Risk When any of the Funds enter into Commodity Interests, it will be exposed to the credit risk that the counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations. For purposes of credit risk, the counterparty for the Futures Contracts traded on the CBOT, ICE and CME is the clearinghouse associated with those exchanges. In general, clearinghouses are backed by their members who may be required to share in the financial burden resulting from the nonperformance of one of their members, which should significantly reduce credit risk. Some foreign exchanges are not backed by their clearinghouse members but may be backed by a consortium of banks or other financial institutions. Unlike in the case of exchange traded futures contracts, the counterparty to an over the counter Commodity Interest contract is generally a single bank or other financial institution. As a result, there will be greater counterparty credit risk in over the counter transactions. There can be no assurance that any counterparty, clearinghouse, or their financial backers will satisfy their obligations to any of the Funds. The Commodity Funds may engage in off exchange transactions broadly called an “exchange for risk” transaction, also referred to as an “exchange for swap.” For purposes of the Dodd-Frank Act and related CFTC rules, an “exchange for risk” transaction is treated as a “swap.” An “exchange for risk” transaction, sometimes referred to as an “exchange for swap” or “exchange of futures for risk,” is a privately negotiated and simultaneous exchange of a futures contract position for a swap or other over the counter instrument on the corresponding commodity. An exchange for risk transaction can be used by the Commodity Funds as a technique to avoid taking physical delivery of a commodity futures contract, corn for example, in that a counterparty will take the Fund’s position in a Corn Futures Contract into its own account in exchange for a swap that does not by its terms call for physical delivery. The Funds will become subject to the credit risk of a counterparty when it acquires an over the counter position in an exchange for risk transaction. The Fund may use an “exchange for risk” transaction in connection with the creation and redemption of Shares. These transactions must be carried out only in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange where the futures contracts trade. The Sponsor will attempt to manage the credit risk of each Fund by following certain trading limitations and policies. In particular, each Fund intends to post margin and collateral and/or hold liquid assets that will be equal to approximately the face amount of the Interests it holds. The Sponsor will implement procedures that will include, but will not be limited to, executing and clearing trades and entering into over the counter transactions only with parties it deems creditworthy and/or requiring the posting of collateral by such parties for the benefit of each Fund to limit its credit exposure. The CEA requires all FCMs, such as the Teucrium Funds’ clearing brokers, to meet and maintain specified fitness and financial requirements, to segregate customer funds from proprietary funds and account separately for all customers’ funds and positions, and to maintain specified books and records open to inspection by the staff of the CFTC. The CFTC has similar authority over introducing brokers, or persons who solicit or accept orders for commodity interest trades but who do not accept margin deposits for the execution of trades. The CEA authorizes the CFTC to regulate trading by FCMs and by their officers and directors, permits the CFTC to require action by exchanges in the event of market emergencies, and establishes an administrative procedure under which customers may institute complaints for damages arising from alleged violations of the CEA. The CEA also gives the states powers to enforce its provisions and the regulations of the CFTC. On November 14, 2013, the CFTC published final regulations that require enhanced customer protections, risk management programs, internal monitoring and controls, capital and liquidity standards, customer disclosures and auditing and examination programs for FCMs. The rules are intended to afford greater assurances to market participants that customer segregated funds and secured amounts are protected, customers are provided with appropriate notice of the risks of futures trading and of the FCMs with which they may choose to do business, FCMs are monitoring and managing risks in a robust manner, the capital and liquidity of FCMs are strengthened to safeguard the continued operations and the auditing and examination programs of the CFTC and the SROs are monitoring the activities of FCMs in a thorough manner. Marex and StoneX serve as the Fund’s clearing brokers to execute futures contracts and provide other brokerage-related services. 75 Table of Contents The Commodity Funds, other than TAGS, will generally retain cash positions of approximately 95% of total net assets, this balance represents the total net assets less the initial margin requirements held by the FCM. These cash assets are either: 1) deposited by the Sponsor in demand deposit accounts of financial institutions which are deemed by the Sponsor to be of investment level quality, 2) held in a money-market fund which is deemed to be a cash equivalent under the most recent SEC definition, or 3) held in a cash equivalent with a maturity of 90 days or less that is deemed by the Sponsor to be of investment level quality.