Bogota Financial Corp. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (unaudited) As of As of June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Assets Cash and due from banks $ 8,271,970 $ 13,567,115 Interest-bearing deposits in other banks 9,319,571 11,362,356 Cash and cash equivalents 17,591,541 24,929,471 Securities available for sale, at fair value 106,861,767 68,888,179 Securities held to maturity, net of allowance for securities credit losses of $ 108,000 and zero , respectively (fair value - $ 74,024,249 and $ 65,374,753 , respectively) 81,065,793 72,656,179 Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 2,747,949 and $ 2,785,949 , respectively 707,645,118 714,688,635 Premises and equipment, net 7,938,263 7,687,387 Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock and other restricted securities 9,141,200 8,616,100 Accrued interest receivable 4,230,702 3,932,785 Core deposit intangibles 178,513 206,116 Bank-owned life insurance 31,414,865 30,987,851 Other assets 8,681,855 6,731,500 Total Assets $ 974,749,617 $ 939,324,203 Liabilities and Equity Non-interest bearing deposits $ 33,345,648 $ 30,554,842 Interest bearing deposits 615,774,225 594,792,300 Total deposits 649,119,873 625,347,142 FHLB advances-short term 60,000,000 37,500,000 FHLB advances-long term 119,449,102 130,189,663 Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 3,238,297 2,733,709 Other liabilities 6,598,699 6,380,486 Total liabilities 838,405,971 802,151,000 Stockholders’ Equity Preferred stock $ 0.01 par value 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 — — Common stock $ 0.01 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 13,148,824 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and 13,279,230 at December 31, 2023 131,388 132,792 Additional paid-in capital 55,561,684 56,149,915 Retained earnings 91,303,609 92,177,068 Unearned ESOP shares ( 396,415 shares at June 30, 2024 and 409,750 shares at December 31, 2023) ( 4,671,196 ) ( 4,821,798 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 5,981,839 ) ( 6,464,774 ) Total stockholders’ equity 136,343,646 137,173,203 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 974,749,617 $ 939,324,203 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 1 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Interest income Loans, including fees $ 8,299,404 $ 8,141,719 $ 16,506,796 $ 15,841,157 Securities Taxable 1,846,717 996,338 3,363,060 2,047,598 Tax-exempt 13,124 20,232 26,272 65,134 Other interest-earning assets 314,964 248,914 639,268 470,503 Total interest income 10,474,209 9,407,203 20,535,396 18,424,392 Interest expense Deposits 6,253,895 4,210,984 12,223,776 7,925,981 FHLB advances 1,476,600 902,839 2,916,669 1,680,193 Total interest expense 7,730,495 5,113,823 15,140,445 9,606,174 Net interest income 2,743,714 4,293,380 5,394,951 8,818,218 Provision (recovery) for credit losses 35,000 ( 125,000 ) 70,000 ( 125,000 ) Net interest income after provision (recovery) for credit losses 2,708,714 4,418,380 5,324,951 8,943,218 Non-interest income Fees and service charges 49,203 45,700 107,790 97,852 Gain on sale of loans — 16,150 — 29,375 Bank-owned life insurance 215,056 190,147 427,015 376,200 Other 38,945 31,479 67,477 63,328 Total non-interest income 303,204 283,476 602,282 566,755 Non-interest expense Salaries and employee benefits 2,143,388 2,301,236 4,301,953 4,463,605 Occupancy and equipment 366,908 358,757 738,025 741,544 FDIC insurance assessment 106,716 127,119 207,313 187,119 Data processing 318,520 235,095 622,125 512,192 Advertising 115,100 96,083 225,200 243,383 Director fees 151,549 159,338 307,249 318,675 Professional fees 260,112 114,018 456,897 263,268 Other 263,490 240,562 510,112 419,770 Total non-interest expense 3,725,783 3,632,208 7,368,874 7,149,556 (Loss) income before income taxes ( 713,865 ) 1,069,648 ( 1,441,641 ) 2,360,417 Income tax (benefit) expense ( 281,386 ) 213,007 ( 568,182 ) 511,069 Net (loss) income $ ( 432,479 ) $ 856,641 $ ( 873,459 ) $ 1,849,348 (Loss) earnings per Share - basic $ ( 0.03 ) $ 0.07 $ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.14 (Loss) earnings per Share - diluted $ ( 0.03 ) $ 0.07 $ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.14 Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 12,803,925 13,079,302 12,828,428 13,137,522 Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 12,803,925 13,081,158 12,828,428 13,162,056 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 2 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (unaudited) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net (loss) income $ ( 432,479 ) $ 856,641 $ ( 873,459 ) $ 1,849,348 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale: 1,030,695 ( 702,617 ) ( 52,070 ) ( 861,321 ) Tax effect ( 289,728 ) 197,506 14,637 242,118 Net of tax 740,967 ( 505,111 ) ( 37,433 ) ( 619,203 ) Defined benefit retirement plans: Reclassification adjustment for amortization of prior service cost and net (loss) gain included in salaries and employee benefits — ( 23,016 ) 6,414 ( 46,032 ) Tax effect — 6,470 ( 3,309 ) 12,940 Net of tax — ( 16,546 ) 3,105 ( 33,092 ) Derivatives: Unrealized gain on swap contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges 59,173 459,058 719,520 298,344 Tax effect ( 16,633 ) ( 129,042 ) ( 202,257 ) ( 83,865 ) Net of tax 42,540 330,016 517,263 214,479 Total other comprehensive income (loss) 783,507 ( 191,641 ) 482,935 ( 437,816 ) Comprehensive income (loss) $ 351,028 $ 665,000 $ ( 390,524 ) $ 1,411,532 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 3 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited) Accumulated Additional Other Total Common Common Paid-in Retained Unearned Comprehensive Stockholders Stock Shares Stock Capital Earnings ESOP shares (Loss) Income Equity Balance January 1, 2023 13,699,016 $ 136,989 $ 59,099,476 $ 91,756,673 $ ( 5,123,002 ) $ ( 6,211,013 ) $ 139,659,123 Adoption of ASU 326 credit losses — — — ( 222,140 ) — — ( 222,140 ) Net income — — — 992,707 — — 992,707 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — ( 246,175 ) ( 246,175 ) Stock based compensation — — 233,193 — — — 233,193 Stock purchased and retired ( 126,660 ) ( 1,266 ) ( 1,401,568 ) — — — ( 1,402,834 ) ESOP Shares released ( 25,789 shares) — — ( 2,916 ) — 75,301 — 72,385 Balance March 31, 2023 13,572,356 $ 135,723 $ 57,928,185 $ 92,527,240 $ ( 5,047,701 ) $ ( 6,457,188 ) $ 139,086,259 Net income — — — 856,641 — — 856,641 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — ( 191,641 ) ( 191,641 ) Stock based compensation — — 233,193 — — — 233,193 Stock purchased and retired ( 89,899 ) ( 899 ) ( 839,563 ) — — — ( 840,462 ) ESOP Shares released ( 25,789 shares) — — ( 20,813 ) — 75,301 — 54,488 Balance June 30, 2023 13,482,457 $ 134,824 $ 57,301,002 $ 93,383,881 $ ( 4,972,400 ) $ ( 6,648,829 ) $ 139,198,478 Balance January 1, 2024 13,279,230 $ 132,792 $ 56,149,915 $ 92,177,068 $ ( 4,821,798 ) $ ( 6,464,774 ) $ 137,173,203 Net loss — — — ( 440,980 ) — — ( 440,980 ) Other comprehensive loss — — — — — ( 300,572 ) ( 300,572 ) Restricted Stock Issuance 10,000 — — — — — — Stock based compensation — — 234,493 — — — 234,493 Stock purchased and retired ( 33,083 ) ( 331 ) ( 269,364 ) — — — ( 269,695 ) ESOP shares released ( 6,447 shares) — — ( 25,025 ) — 75,301 — 50,276 Balance March 31, 2024 13,256,147 $ 132,461 $ 56,090,019 $ 91,736,088 $ ( 4,746,497 ) $ ( 6,765,346 ) $ 136,446,725 Net loss — — — ( 432,479 ) — — ( 432,479 ) Other comprehensive income — — — — — 783,507 783,507 Stock based compensation — — 237,093 — — — 237,093 Stock purchased and retired ( 107,323 ) ( 1,073 ) ( 733,660 ) — — — ( 734,733 ) ESOP shares released ( 6,447 shares) — — ( 31,768 ) — 75,301 — 43,533 Balance June 30, 2024 13,148,824 $ 131,388 $ 55,561,684 $ 91,303,609 $ ( 4,671,196 ) $ ( 5,981,839 ) $ 136,343,646 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) For the six months ended June 30, 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities Net (loss) income $ ( 873,459 ) $ 1,849,348 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities: Amortization of intangible assets 4,512 ( 60,483 ) Provision (recovery) for credit losses 70,000 ( 125,000 ) Depreciation of premises and equipment 249,057 252,652 Amortization of deferred loan costs, net 39,905 10,677 Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities, net 20,180 5,660 Deferred income (benefit) ( 530,154 ) ( 111,594 ) Gain on sale of loans — ( 29,375 ) Proceeds from sale of loans — 1,875,125 Origination of loans held for sale — ( 1,845,750 ) Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance ( 427,015 ) ( 376,200 ) Employee stock ownership plan expense 93,809 126,873 Stock based compensation 471,586 466,386 Changes in: Accrued interest receivable ( 297,917 ) 436,532 Net changes in other assets ( 273,053 ) ( 520,698 ) Net changes in other liabilities 222,532 ( 360,560 ) Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities ( 1,230,017 ) 1,593,593 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of securities held to maturity ( 10,645,873 ) ( 1,000,000 ) Purchases of securities available for sale ( 40,228,923 ) — Maturities, calls, and repayments of securities available for sale 2,183,086 13,018,996 Maturities, calls, and repayments of securities held to maturity 2,128,259 8,617,729 Net decrease in loans 6,432,091 13,026,596 Purchases of premises and equipment ( 499,933 ) ( 162,464 ) Purchase of FHLB stock ( 4,164,500 ) ( 4,602,900 ) Redemption of FHLB stock 3,639,400 3,297,300 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 41,156,393 ) 32,195,257 Cash flows from financing activities Net increase (decrease) in deposits 23,778,962 ( 44,829,448 ) Net increase (decrease) in short-term FHLB advances 22,500,000 ( 38,000,000 ) Proceeds from long-term FHLB non-repo advances — 75,500,000 Repayments of long-term FHLB non-repo advances ( 10,730,642 ) ( 12,547,593 ) Repurchase of common stock ( 1,004,428 ) ( 2,243,296 ) Net increase in advance payments from borrowers for taxes and insurance 504,588 503,915 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 35,048,480 ( 21,616,422 ) Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ( 7,337,930 ) 12,172,428 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 24,929,471 16,840,917 Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, $ 17,591,541 $ 29,013,345 Supplemental cash flow information Income taxes paid $ 40,000 $ 1,225,000 Interest paid 15,140,445 9,606,174 Fair value change in cash flow hedges $ 719,521 $ 239,510 Fair value change in fair value hedges 600,181 - See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation : On January 15, 2020, Bogota Financial Corp. (the “Company,” “we” or “our”) became the mid-tier stock holding company for Bogota Savings Bank (the “Bank”) in connection with the reorganization of Bogota Savings Bank into the two -tier mutual holding company structure. The Company completed its stock offering in connection with the mutual holding company reorganization of the Bank on January 15, 2020. Shares of the Company’s common stock began trading on January 16, 2020 on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “BSBK.” The Bank maintains two subsidiaries. Bogota Securities Corp. was formed to buy, sell and hold investment securities. Bogota Properties, LLC was inactive at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 . The Bank generally originates residential, commercial and consumer loans to, and accepts deposits from, customers in New Jersey. The debtors’ ability to repay the loans is dependent upon the region’s economy and the borrowers’ circumstances. The Bank is also subject to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examination by those regulatory authorities. Reclassifications : Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders' equity. Earnings per Share: Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic EPS, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes unallocated employee stock ownership plan shares that have not been committed for release and non-vested shares of restricted stock. Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic EPS, except it also reflects the potential dilution which could occur if non-vested restricted stock and stock options were exercised and converted into common stock. The potentially diluted shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 , options to purchase 523,619 common shares with an exercise price of $ 10.45 were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because to do so would be anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive options are those options with exercise prices in excess of the weighted average market value for the periods presented. All grants of non-vested restricted stock were also excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 , because to include such shares would be anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 . For the three months ended June 30, 2024 For the three months ended June 30, 2023 For the six months ended June 30, 2024 For the six months ended June 30, 2023 Numerator Net (loss) income $ ( 432,479 ) $ 856,641 $ ( 873,459 ) $ 1,849,348 Denominator: Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 12,803,925 13,079,302 12,828,428 13,137,522 Effect of stock options — 1,856 — 24,534 Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 12,803,925 13,081,158 12,828,428 13,162,056 (Loss) earnings per common share: Basic $ ( 0.03 ) $ 0.07 $ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.14 Diluted ( 0.03 ) 0.07 ( 0.07 ) 0.14 Use of Estimates : To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ under different conditions than those assumed. Basis of Presentation : The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting in Article 10 of Regulation S- X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company,” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards. These financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and its subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) and disclosures necessary for the fair presentation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year or any other period. 6 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) The unaudited financial statements and other financial information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10 -Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements, and related notes, of the Company at and for the year ended December 31, 2023 . Not yet effective Accounting Pronouncements: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023 - 07, Segment Reporting (TOPIC 280 ): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Public entities are required to adopt the changes retrospectively, recasting each prior period disclosure for which a comparative income statement is presented in the period of adoption. This update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023 - 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 ): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , which provides for improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. This update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024 - 01, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718 ), which amended the guidance in ASC 718 to add an example showing how to apply the scope guidance to determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for as share-based payment arrangements. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those fiscal years. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements. 7 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 2 – SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE The following table summarizes the amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses of securities available for sale, by contractual maturity, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value June 30, 2024 U.S. government and agency obligations One through five years $ 6,000,000 $ — $ ( 426,987 ) $ 5,573,013 Corporate bonds due in: Less than one year 4,967,321 1,876 ( 75,402 ) 4,893,795 One through five years 6,318,760 5,217 ( 134,475 ) 6,189,502 Five through ten years 1,000,000 — ( 143,650 ) 856,350 MBS – residential 79,327,595 10,581 ( 5,937,193 ) 73,400,983 MBS – commercial 18,535,809 — ( 2,587,685 ) 15,948,124 Total $ 116,149,485 $ 17,674 $ ( 9,305,392 ) $ 106,861,767 Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value December 31, 2023 U.S. government and agency obligations One through five years 6,000,000 — ( 454,599 ) 5,545,401 Corporate bonds due in: Less than one year 3,000,000 — ( 44,230 ) 2,955,770 One through five years 8,264,973 — ( 247,937 ) 8,017,036 Five through ten years 1,000,000 — ( 154,050 ) 845,950 MBS – residential 41,105,143 5,182 ( 5,703,143 ) 35,407,182 MBS – commercial 18,753,711 — ( 2,636,871 ) 16,116,840 Total $ 78,123,827 $ 5,182 $ ( 9,240,830 ) $ 68,888,179 All of the mortgaged-backed securities (“MBSs”) are issued by the following government sponsored agencies: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”). There were no sales of securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 or June 30, 2023 . The age of unrealized losses and the fair value of related securities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses June 30, 2024 U.S. government and agency obligations $ — $ — $ 5,573,013 $ ( 426,987 ) $ 5,573,013 $ ( 426,987 ) Corporate bonds — — 7,927,638 ( 353,527 ) 7,927,638 ( 353,527 ) MBS – residential 34,861,639 ( 206,490 ) 32,893,712 ( 5,730,703 ) 67,755,351 ( 5,937,193 ) MBS – commercial — — 15,948,124 ( 2,587,685 ) 15,948,124 ( 2,587,685 ) Total $ 34,861,639 $ ( 206,490 ) $ 62,342,487 $ ( 9,098,902 ) $ 97,204,126 $ ( 9,305,392 ) Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses December 31, 2023 U.S. government and agency obligations $ — $ — $ 5,545,401 $ ( 454,599 ) $ 5,545,401 $ ( 454,599 ) Corporate bonds 1,999,940 ( 60 ) 9,818,816 ( 446,157 ) 11,818,756 ( 446,217 ) MBS – residential - - 34,829,468 ( 5,703,143 ) 34,829,468 ( 5,703,143 ) MBS – commercial - - 16,116,840 ( 2,636,871 ) 16,116,840 ( 2,636,871 ) Total $ 1,999,940 $ ( 60 ) $ 66,310,525 $ ( 9,240,770 ) $ 68,310,465 $ ( 9,240,830 ) 8 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 2 – SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE (Continued) Unrealized losses on corporate bonds available for sale are not considered to be credit losses because the bonds are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value was largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. At June 30, 2024 , 100% of the mortgage-backed securities were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, primarily FNMA and FHLMC, institutions which the government has affirmed its commitment to support. Because the decline in fair value was attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Bank does not have the intent to sell these mortgage-backed securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Bank does not consider these losses to be credit-related at June 30, 2024 . As of June 30, 2024 , no allowance for credit loss ("ACL") was required on available for sale securities. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , securities available for sale with a carrying value of $ 102,050 and $ 113,415 were pledged to secure public de posits. There were 42 securities in a l oss position at June 30, 2024 . NOTE 3 – SECURITIES HELD TO MATURITY The following table summarizes the amortized cost, fair value, and gross unrecognized gains and losses of securities held to maturity by contractual maturity at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : Gross Gross Amortized Unrecognized Unrecognized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value June 30, 2024 U.S. Government and agency obligations due in: Less than one year $ 10,000,000 $ — $ ( 233,800 ) $ 9,766,200 Five through ten years 3,000,000 — ( 364,119 ) 2,635,881 Corporate bonds due in: One through five years 8,090,631 69,159 ( 160,244 ) 7,999,546 Five through ten years 20,406,714 44,148 ( 2,124,370 ) 18,326,492 Greater than ten years 4,304,597 9,083 — 4,313,680 Municipal obligations due in: One through five years 901,120 — ( 43,339 ) 857,781 Five through ten years 1,589,537 — ( 238,285 ) 1,351,252 Greater than ten years 507,214 — ( 100,129 ) 407,085 MBS: Residential 15,524,343 20,302 ( 1,405,251 ) 14,139,394 Commercial 16,849,637 — ( 2,622,699 ) 14,226,938 Total $ 81,173,793 $ 142,692 $ ( 7,292,236 ) $ 74,024,249 Gross Gross Amortized Unrecognized Unrecognized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value December 31, 2023 U.S. Government and agency obligations One through five years $ 10,000,000 $ — $ ( 314,240 ) $ 9,685,760 Five through ten years 3,000,000 — ( 372,885 ) 2,627,115 Corporate bonds due in: One through five years 6,431,007 — ( 52,685 ) 6,378,322 Five through ten years 16,294,604 38,684 ( 2,074,007 ) 14,259,281 Greater than ten years 4,287,941 — ( 441 ) 4,287,500 Municipal obligations due in: One through five years 901,597 — ( 55,102 ) 846,495 Five through ten years 1,591,199 784 ( 160,655 ) 1,431,328 Greater than ten years 507,716 — ( 103,356 ) 404,360 MBS: Residential 12,484,366 7,223 ( 1,457,104 ) 11,034,485 Commercial 17,157,749 — ( 2,737,642 ) 14,420,107 Total $ 72,656,179 $ 46,691 $ ( 7,328,117 ) $ 65,374,753 Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326, which requires management to complete an evaluation of the held to maturity securities portfolio to identify whether any ACL is required. Management completed an evaluation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 , the results of which are presented in the below table, which summarizes the allowance and provision for credit losses related to the Company's held-to-maturity securities portfolio by type: U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial Total For the three months ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ — $ 35,000 $ — $ — $ — $ 35,000 Provision for credit losses — 73,000 — — — 73,000 Securities losses — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ — $ 108,000 $ — $ — $ — $ 108,000 U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial Total June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Impact of ASC 326 adoption — — — — — — Provision for credit losses — — — — — — Securities losses — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial Total For the six months ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Provision for credit losses — 108,000 — — — 108,000 Securities losses — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ — $ 108,000 $ — $ — $ — $ 108,000 U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial Total June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Impact of ASC 326 adoption — — — — — — Provision for credit losses — — — — — — Securities losses — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — All of the MBSs are issued by the following government sponsored agencies: FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA. 9 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 3 – SECURITIES HELD TO MATURITY (Continued) The credit rating and the fair value of related securities were as follows: U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial June 30, 2024 Credit Rating AAA/AA/A $ 12,402,081 $ 3,694,332 $ 2,616,118 $ 14,139,394 $ 14,226,938 BBB/BB/B — 6,409,086 — — — Lower than B — — — — — Not Rated — 20,536,300 — — — Total $ 12,402,081 $ 30,639,718 $ 2,616,118 $ 14,139,394 $ 14,226,938 U.S. government and agency obligations Corporate bonds Municipal obligations MBS – residential MBS – commercial December 31, 2023 Credit Rating AAA/AA/A $ 12,312,875 $ 11,469,219 $ 2,682,183 $ 11,034,485 $ 14,420,107 BBB/BB/B — 4,999,038 — — — Lower than B — — — — — Not Rated — 8,456,846 — — — Total $ 12,312,875 $ 24,925,103 $ 2,682,183 $ 11,034,485 $ 14,420,107 The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , securities held to maturity with a carrying amount of $ 1,350,225 and $ 1,589,747 , respectively, were pledged to secure repurchase agreements at the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York. There we re 55 sec urities in a loss position at June 30, 2024 . At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , securities held to maturity with a carrying value of $ 4,755,327 and $ 4,976,927 , respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits. NOTE 4 – LOANS Loans are summarized as follows at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : June 30, December 31, 2024 2023 Real estate: (unaudited) Residential First Mortgage $ 475,726,923 $ 486,052,422 Commercial Real Estate 110,832,807 99,830,514 Multi-Family Real Estate 75,230,316 75,612,566 Construction 38,492,041 49,302,040 Commercial and Industrial 10,067,071 6,658,370 Consumer 43,909 18,672 Total loans 710,393,067 717,474,584 Allowance for credit losses ( 2,747,949 ) ( 2,785,949 ) Net loans $ 707,645,118 $ 714,688,635 10 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 4 – LOANS (Continued) The Bank has granted loans to officers and directors of the Bank. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , such loans tota led $ 2,268,821 an d $ 1,610,688 , respectively. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , deferred loan fees were $ 2,822,574 and $ 2,873,724 , respectively. The following table presents the activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 : Residential First Mortgage Commercial Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Three months ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 1,859,349 $ 464,100 $ 317,700 $ 124,100 $ 20,700 $ — $ 2,785,949 Provision for (recovery) of credit losses ( 22,440 ) ( 7,202 ) ( 2,205 ) ( 18,674 ) 12,521 — ( 38,000 ) Loans charged off — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ 1,836,909 $ 456,898 $ 315,495 $ 105,426 $ 33,221 $ — $ 2,747,949 Residential First Mortgage Commercial Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 1,914,947 $ 423,002 $ 278,000 $ 241,000 $ 4,000 $ — $ 2,860,949 Provision for (recovery) of credit losses ( 103,400 ) 116,000 ( 13,000 ) ( 82,000 ) 7,400 — ( 75,000 ) Loans charged off — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ 1,811,547 $ 539,002 $ 265,000 $ 159,000 $ 11,400 $ — $ 2,785,949 Residential First Mortgage Commercial Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 1,851,969 $ 437,180 $ 317,300 $ 157,500 $ 22,000 $ — $ 2,785,949 Provision for (recovery) of credit losses ( 15,060 ) 19,718 ( 1,805 ) ( 52,074 ) 11,221 — ( 38,000 ) Loans charged off — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ 1,836,909 $ 456,898 $ 315,495 $ 105,426 $ 33,221 $ — $ 2,747,949 Residential First Mortgage Commercial Real Estate Multi-Family Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 1,602,534 $ 381,180 $ 234,300 $ 258,500 $ 3,960 $ 97,700 $ 2,578,174 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 113,969 141,797 25,469 1,500 40 — 282,775 Provision for (recovery) of credit losses 95,044 16,025 5,231 ( 101,000 ) 7,400 ( 97,700 ) ( 75,000 ) Loans charged off — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — Total ending allowance balance $ 1,811,547 $ 539,002 $ 265,000 $ 159,000 $ 11,400 $ — $ 2,785,949 11 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 4 – LOANS (Continued) The following table presents the balance in the ACL and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segments and based on impairment method as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : Nonaccrual loans beginning of period Nonaccrual loans end of period Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss Loans Past Due 90 Days or More Still Accruing Interest recognized on nonaccrual loans June 30, 2024 Residential First Mortgage $ 1,432,072 $ 1,617,037 $ 1,617,037 $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate 450,392 450,392 450,392 — — Construction 10,893,713 10,893,713 10,893,713 — — Consumer — — — — — Total $ 12,776,177 $ 12,961,142 $ 12,961,142 $ — $ — Nonaccrual loans beginning of period Nonaccrual loans end of period Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss Loans Past Due 90 Days or More Still Accruing Interest recognized on nonaccrual loans December 31, 2023 Residential First Mortgage $ 819,590 $ 1,432,072 $ 1,432,072 $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate — 450,392 450,392 $ — $ — Construction — 10,893,713 10,893,713 — — Consumer 37,069 — — — — Total $ 856,659 $ 12,776,177 $ 12,776,177 $ — $ — Collateral - dependent loans individually evaluated with the ACL by collateral type were as follows at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : June 30, 2024 Portfolio segment Real estate Other Residential First Mortgage $ 1,617,037 $ — Commercial Real Estate 450,392 — Multi-Family Real Estate — — Construction 10,893,713 — Commercial and Industrial — — Other Consumer — — $ 12,961,142 $ — December 31, 2023 Portfolio segment Real estate Other Residential First Mortgage $ 1,432,072 $ — Commercial Real Estate 450,392 — Multi-Family Real Estate — — Construction 10,893,713 — Commercial and Industrial — — Other Consumer — — $ 12,776,177 $ — Interest income recognized during impairment and cash-basis interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was nominal. 12 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 4 – LOANS (Continued) No nonaccrual loans had specific reserves as of June 30, 2024 , as they were all well-secured and in the process of collection. The Bank had no other real estate owned at either June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023 . The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , by class of loans: Greater than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 89 Days Total Loans Not Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Total June 30, 2024 Residential First Mortgage $ 130,843 $ 184,063 $ 1,073,502 $ 1,388,408 $ 474,338,515 $ 475,726,923 Commercial Real Estate 761,203 — 450,392 1,211,595 109,621,212 110,832,807 Multi-Family Real Estate — — — — 75,230,316 75,230,316 Construction — — 10,893,713 10,893,713 27,598,328 38,492,041 Commercial and Industrial — — — — 10,067,071 10,067,071 Consumer — — — — 43,909 43,909 Total $ 892,046 $ 184,063 $ 12,417,607 $ 13,493,716 $ 696,899,351 $ 710,393,067 Greater than 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 89 Days Total Loans Not Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Total December 31, 2023 Residential First Mortgage $ — $ 297,118 $ 964,806 $ 1,261,924 $ 484,790,498 $ 486,052,422 Commercial Real Estate — — 450,392 450,392 99,380,122 99,830,514 Multi-Family Real Estate — — — — 75,612,566 75,612,566 Construction — — 10,893,713 10,893,713 38,408,327 49,302,040 Commercial and Industrial — — — — 6,658,370 6,658,370 Consumer - — — - 18,672 18,672 Total $ — $ 297,118 $ 12,308,911 $ 12,606,029 $ 704,868,555 $ 717,474,584 Loans greater than 89 days past due and loans on non-accrual are considered to be non-performing. Credit Quality Indicators The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Commercial and multi-family real estate, commercial and industrial and construction loans are graded on an annual basis. Residential and consumer loans are primarily evaluated based on performance. Refer to the immediately preceding table for the aging of the recorded investment of these loan segments. The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be Pass rated loans. 13 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 4 – LOANS (Continued) The following table presents loans, by risk category, loan class and year of origination as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : Term Loans by Origination Year June 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Totals Residential First Mortgage Pass $ 8,949,940 $ 26,078,609 $ 121,681,038 $ 35,566,475 $ 30,023,828 $ 143,299,951 $ 108,502,445 $ 474,102,286 Special Mention — — — — 188,790 633,678 351,575 1,174,043 Substandard — — — — — 450,594 — 450,594 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 8,949,940 26,078,609 121,681,038 35,566,475 30,212,618 144,384,223 108,854,020 475,726,923 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate Pass 6,122,371 11,797,862 5,430,743 2,065,202 43,667,426 41,219,489 79,322 110,382,415 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 450,392 — 450,392 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 6,122,371 11,797,862 5,430,743 2,065,202 43,667,426 41,669,881 79,322 110,832,807 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Multi-Family Real Estate Pass 675,197 12,607,703 6,690,031 11,802,784 12,923,906 26,524,012 4,006,683 75,230,316 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 675,197 12,607,703 6,690,031 11,802,784 12,923,906 26,524,012 4,006,683 75,230,316 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Construction Pass — — — — — — 27,649,963 27,649,963 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 10,842,078 10,842,078 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — — — — — — 38,492,041 38,492,041 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Commercial and Industrial Pass 2,677,747 218,637 — — 446,111 16,484 6,708,092 10,067,071 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 2,677,747 218,637 — — 446,111 16,484 6,708,092 10,067,071 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass — — — — — — 43,909 43,909 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — — — — — — 43,909 43,909 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 18,425,255 $ 50,702,811 $ 133,801,812 $ 49,434,461 $ 87,250,061 $ 212,594,600 $ 158,184,067 $ 710,393,067 14 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) Term Loans by Origination Year December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Totals Residential First Mortgage Pass $ 5,174,879 $ 111,903,094 $ 37,747,971 $ 28,952,299 $ 26,155,892 $ 114,830,194 $ 159,976,218 $ 484,740,547 Special Mention — — — 191,276 169,343 389,565 107,538 857,722 Substandard — — — — — 169,131 285,022 454,153 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 5,174,879 111,903,094 37,747,971 29,143,575 26,325,235 115,388,890 160,368,778 486,052,422 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate Pass — 3,065,843 — 6,893,352 5,501,995 11,722,774 72,196,158 99,380,122 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 450,392 450,392 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — 3,065,843 — 6,893,352 5,501,995 11,722,774 72,646,550 99,830,514 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Multi-Family Real Estate Pass — 2,362,920 — 1,162,353 — 2,117,462 69,969,831 75,612,566 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — 2,362,920 — 1,162,353 — 2,117,462 69,969,831 75,612,566 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Construction Pass — — — — — — 38,459,962 38,459,962 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — 10,842,078 10,842,078 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — — — — — — 49,302,040 49,302,040 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Commercial and Industrial Pass 241,109 — — 576,164 94,204 — 5,746,893 6,658,370 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total 241,109 — — 576,164 94,204 — 5,746,893 6,658,370 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Consumer Pass — — — — — — 18,672 18,672 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total — — — — — — 18,672 18,672 Gross charge-offs by vintage — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 5,415,988 $ 117,331,857 $ 37,747,971 $ 37,775,444 $ 31,921,434 $ 129,229,126 $ 358,052,764 $ 717,474,584 There were no loan modifications during the three -month period ended June 30, 2024 . 15 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 5 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION The Company maintains the Bogota Financial Corp. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"), which provides for the issuance of up to 902,602 shares ( 257,887 restricted stock awards and 644,718 stock options) of Bogota Financial Corp. common stock. On September 2, 2021, 226,519 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $ 10.45 per share. On February 28, 2024, 10,000 shares of restricted stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $ 7.80 per share. To fund the grant of restricted common stock, the Company issued shares from authorized but unissued shares. Restricted shares granted under the 2021 Plan vest in equal installments, over a service period of five years, beginning one year from the date of grant. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 approximately $ 122,000 and $ 242,000 in expense was recognized in regard to these awards, respectively, compared to expense during the same periods ended June 30, 2023 , of approximately $ 118,000 and $ 236,000 , respectively. The expected future compensation expense related to the 145,911 non-vested restricted shares outstanding at June 30, 2024 was approximately $ 1.1 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.33 years. The following is a summary of the Company's restricted stock activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024 : Number of Non-vested Restricted Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding, January 1, 2024 135,911 $ 10.45 Granted 10,000 7.80 Vested — — Forfeited — — Outstanding, June 30, 2024 145,911 $ 10.27 On September 2, 2021, options to purchase 526,119 shares of Company common stock were awarded, with a grant date fair value of $ 4.37 per option. Stock options granted under the 2021 Plan vest in equal installments over a service period of five years beginning one year from the date of grant. Stock options were granted at an exercise price of $ 10.45 , which was the Company's common stock price on the grant date and had an expiration period of 10 years. Management recognizes expense for the fair value of these awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 , approximately $ 115,000 and $ 230,000 in expense was recognized in regard to these awards, respectively. The expected future compensation expense related to the 314,171 non-vested options outstanding at June 30, 2024 was $ 1.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.50 years. The following is a summary of the Company's option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024 : Number of Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, January 1, 2024 523,619 $ 10.45 5.5 $ — Granted — Exercised — Forfeited — Outstanding, June 30, 2024 523,619 $ 10.45 4.9 $ — Options exercisable at June 30, 2024 209,448 $ — The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options. As of June 30, 2024 , there were no in-the-money options. NOTE 6 – EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN In connection with our mutual-to-stock reorganization and stock offering, the Bank established an employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”), which acquired 515,775 shares of the Company’s common stock equaling 3.92 % of the Company's outstanding shares. The ESOP is a tax-qualified retirement plan providing employees the opportunity to own Company stock. Bank contributions to the ESOP are allocated to eligible participants on the basis of compensation, subject to federal tax limits. The number of shares to be allocated annually is 25,789 through 2039. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 , $ 44,000 and $ 93,809 was incurred as expense for the plan, respectively, compared to expense during the same periods ending June 30, 2023 of approximately $ 55,000 and $ 126,873 , respectively. As of June 30, 2024 , 119,360 shares have been allocated and 396,415 shares are unallocated with a fair value of $ 2.7 million. NOTE 7 – DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITES The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. Certain derivatives may be entered into in connection with transactions with commercial customers. Derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, reported at fair value and presented on a gross basis. Until a derivative is settled, a favorable change in fair value results in an unrealized gain that is recognized as an asset, while an unfavorable change in fair value results in an unrealized loss that is recognized as a liability. 16 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 7 – DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITES (continued) The Company generally applies hedge accounting to its derivatives used for market risk management purposes. Hedge accounting is permitted only if specific criteria are met, including a requirement that a highly effective relationship exists between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of effective fair value hedges are recognized in current earnings (with the change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability also recognized in earnings). Changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Ineffective portions of hedge results are recognized in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied are recognized in current earnings. The Company formally documents at inception all relationships between the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets and liabilities, or to specific firm commitments. The Company also formally assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective or has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses resulting from the termination of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and is (accreted) amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship. Certain derivative financial instruments are offered to certain commercial banking customers to manage their risk of exposure and risk management strategies. These derivative instruments consist primarily of currency forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts. The risk associated with these transactions is mitigated by simultaneously entering into similar transactions having essentially offsetting terms with a third party. In addition, the Company executes interest rate swaps with third parties in order to hedge the interest rate risk of short-term FHLB advances. Interest Rate Swaps. At June 30, 2024 , the Company had four cash flow interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $ 55.0 million hedging certain FHLB advances and brokered deposits. The Company also had two fair value interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $ 60.0 million hedging certain fixed-rate residential loans. These interest rate swaps meet the hedge accounting requirements. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreement without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. The fair value hedges are recorded as components of other assets and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The gain or loss on these derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2023 , the Company had two interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $ 20.0 million to hedge certain FHLB advances and brokered deposits. At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Company had no interest rate swaps in place with commercial banking customers. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 , the net effect on interest expense related to cash flow hedges was a reduced expense of $ 185,000 and $ 421,000 respectively, while the net effect on interest expense related to fair value hedge during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 ,was a reduced expense of $ 103,000 and $ 327,000 respectively. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2024 : June 30, December 31, 2024 2023 Asset Derivative Asset Derivative Hedge Type Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Fair Value Fair Value Interest rate swaps Cash Flow Other Assets $ 959,031 $ 239,510 Interest rate swaps Fair Value Other Assets $ 600,181 $ — Interest rate swaps Fair Value Loans, net $ ( 616,462 ) $ — Total derivative instruments $ 942,750 $ 239,510 For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , unrealized gains of $ 360,000 were recorded for changes in fair value of interest rate swaps with third parties and at June 30, 2024 , accrued interest was $ 215,000 . The Company has agreements with counterparties that contain a provision that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default of its derivative obligations. NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values: Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a bank’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Bank used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument: The Bank’s available-for-sale portfolio is carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss in stockholders’ equity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of corporate bonds and mortgage-backed securities. The fair values of these securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. An independent pricing service provides prices which are categorized as Level 2, as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are generally not available for the securities. 17 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE (Continued) Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below: Quoted Prices in Active Significant Markets for Other Significant Identical Observable Unobservable Carrying Assets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) As of June 30, 2024 Securities available for sale: U.S. government and agency obligations $ 5,573,013 $ — $ 5,573,013 $ — Corporate bonds 11,939,647 — 11,939,647 — MBS - residential 73,400,983 — 73,400,983 — MBS - commercial 15,948,124 — 15,948,124 — Cash flow and fair value hedges 1,559,212 — 1,559,212 — $ 108,420,979 $ — $ 108,420,979 $ — As of December 31, 2023 Securities available for sale: U.S. government and agency obligations $ 5,545,401 $ — $ 5,545,401 $ — Corporate bonds 11,818,756 — 11,818,756 — MBS - residential 35,407,182 — 35,407,182 — MBS - commercial 16,116,840 — 16,116,840 — Cash flow hedge 239,510 — 239,510 — $ 69,127,689 $ — $ 69,127,689 $ — There were no transfers between level 1 and level 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 . The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , were as follows: Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurement Placement Amount Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) (In thousands) June 30, 2024 Financial instruments - assets Investment securities held-to-maturity $ 81,174 $ 74,024 $ — $ 74,024 $ — Loans and loans held for sale 707,645 668,376 — — 668,376 Financial instruments - liabilities Certificates of deposit 512,601 509,497 — 509,497 — Borrowings 179,449 179,086 — 179,086 — Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurement Placement Amount Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) (In thousands) December 31, 2023 Financial instruments - assets Investment securities held-to-maturity $ 72,656 $ 65,375 $ — $ 65,375 $ — Loans and loans held for sale 714,687 672,347 — — 672,347 Financial instruments - liabilities Certificates of deposit 493,275 491,944 — 491,944 — Borrowings 167,690 167,891 — 167,891 — Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents. Other balance sheet instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable, accrued interest payable and Bank owned life insurance holding costs approximate fair value. The fair value of off-balance sheet items is not considered material. 18 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) NOTE 9 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss included in equity (net of tax) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: Unrealized gain and losses on available for sale securities Benefit plans Derivatives Total Three months ended June 30, 2024 Beginning balance $ ( 7,417,907 ) $ 5,654 $ 646,907 $ ( 6,765,346 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification 740,968 — 42,539 783,507 Amounts reclassified — — — — Net period comprehensive (loss) income 740,968 — 42,539 783,507 Ending balance $ ( 6,676,939 ) $ 5,654 $ 689,446 $ ( 5,981,839 ) June 30, 2023 Beginning balance $ ( 6,613,758 ) $ 39,138 $ 117,432 $ ( 6,457,188 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification ( 505,111 ) ( 16,546 ) 330,016 ( 191,641 ) Amounts reclassified — — — — Net period comprehensive (loss) income ( 505,111 ) ( 16,546 ) 330,016 ( 191,641 ) Ending balance $ ( 7,118,869 ) $ 22,592 $ 447,448 $ ( 6,648,829 ) Unrealized gain and losses on available for sale securities Benefit plans Derivatives Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Beginning balance $ ( 6,639,506 ) $ 2,549 $ 172,183 $ ( 6,464,774 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification ( 37,433 ) 3,105 517,263 482,935 Amounts reclassified — — — — Net period comprehensive (loss) income ( 37,433 ) 3,105 517,263 482,935 Ending balance $ ( 6,676,939 ) $ 5,654 $ 689,446 $ ( 5,981,839 ) Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Beginning balance $ ( 6,499,666 ) $ 55,684 $ 232,969 $ ( 6,211,013 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification ( 619,203 ) ( 33,092 ) 214,479 ( 437,816 ) Amounts reclassified — — — — Net period comprehensive (loss) income ( 619,203 ) ( 33,092 ) 214,479 ( 437,816 ) Ending balance $ ( 7,118,869 ) $ 22,592 $ 447,448 $ ( 6,648,829 ) 19 Table of Contents BOGOTA FINANCIAL CORP. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) Item 2. Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations General Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of Bogota Financial Corp. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: ● statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; ● statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies; ● statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and ● estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits. These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements: ● general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market area, that are worse than expected, including potential recessionary conditions; ● changes in the amount and trend of loan delinquencies, charge-offs and non-performing and classified loans and changes in estimates of the adequacy of and the methodology for calculating the allowance for credit losses; ● our ability to access cost-effective funding; ● changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio; ● fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions; ● demand for loans and deposits in our market area; ● our ability to continue to implement our business strategies; ● competition among depository and other financial institutions; ● inflation and changes in market interest rates that reduce our margins and yields, reduce the fair value of financial instruments or reduce our volume of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make whether held in portfolio or sold in the secondary market; ● adverse changes in the securities markets; ● changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements; ● our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk; ● our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities; ● our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities or systems we may acquire, as well as new management personnel or customers, and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto; ● changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits; 20 Table of Contents ● changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; ● our ability to retain key employees; ● risks as it relates to cyber security against our information technology and those of our third-party providers and vendors; ● the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, terrorism or other geopolitical events; ● our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and ● changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own. Critical Accounting Policies Our accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 . Critical accounting estimates are necessary in the application of certain accounting policies and procedures and are particularly susceptible to significant change. Critical accounting policies are defined as those involving significant judgments and assumptions by management that could have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income under different assumptions or conditions. Actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates under different conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 Total Assets. Assets increased $35.4 million, or 3.8%, from $939.3 million at December 31, 2023 to $974.7 million at June 30, 2024 primarily due to a $38.0 million, or 55.1%, increase in securities available for sale and an $8.4 million, or 11.6%, increase in securities held-to-maturity, offset by a $7.1 million, or 1.0%, decrease in loans and a $7.3 million, or 29.4%, decrease in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $7.3 million, or 29.4%, to $17.6 million at June 30, 2024 from $24.9 million at December 31, 2023 , as excess funds were used to purchase securities. Securities Available for Sale. Securities available for sale increased $38.0 million, or 55.1%, to $106.9 million at June 30, 2024 from $68.9 million at December 31, 2023 . The increase was primarily due to the purchase of mortgage-backed securities that were purchased with excess funds. Securities Held to Maturity. Securities held to maturity increased $8.4 million, or 11.6%, to $81.1 million at June 30, 2024 from $72.7 million at December 31, 2023 , primarily due to the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. At June 30, 2024, the Company's allowance for credit losses related to held-to-maturity securities totaled $108,000 or 0.13% of the total held-to-maturity securities portfolio. Net Loans. Net loans decreased $7.1 million, or 1.0%, to $707.6 million at June 30, 2024 from $714.7 million at December 31, 2023 . The decrease was due to a decrease of $10.4 million, or 2.1%, in one- to four-residential real estate loans to $475.7 million from $486.1 million at December 31, 2023 and a decrease of $10.8 million, or 21.9%, in construction loans to $38.5 million at June 30, 2024 from $49.3 million at December 31, 2023 , offset by a $11.0 million, or 11.0%, increase in commercial real estate loans to $110.8 million at June 30, 2024 from $99.8 million at December 31, 2023 . The decrease in one- to four-residential and construction loans reflect less opportunities and decreased demand due to the higher interest rate environment. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , the Bank had no loans held for sale. Delinquent loans increased $888,000 to $13.5 million, or 1.90% of total loans, at June 30, 2024 . The increase was mostly due to one commercial real estate loan with a balance of $761,000 with a loan to value ratio of 59%. During the same timeframe, non-performing assets increased from $12.8 million at December 31, 2023 to $13.0 million, which represented 1.33% of total assets at June 30, 2024 . The Company’s allowance for credit losses was 0.39% of total loans and 21.20% of non-performing loans at June 30, 2024 compared to 0.39% of total loans and 21.81% of non-performing loans at December 31, 2023 . The Bank does not have any exposure to commercial real estate loans secured by office space. The majority of the non-performing loans at June 30, 2024 was comprised of one construction loan with a balance of $10.9 million with a loan to value ratio of 45%. Based on the well-secured nature of the loan, there was no associated specific reserve at June 30, 2024 . The Company has commenced legal action against the client. Total Liabilities. Total liabilities increased $36.2 million, or 4.5%, to $838.4 million as of June 30, 2024 from $802.2 million as of December 31, 2023 , primarily due to a $23.8 million increase in deposits and a $11.8 million increase in borrowings. 21 Table of Contents Deposits. Deposits increased $23.8 million, or 3.8%, to $649.1 million at June 30, 2024 from $625.3 million at December 31, 2023 . The increase in deposits reflected an increase in interest-bearing demand deposits of $1.7 million, or 1.6%, to $103.2 million as of June 30, 2024 from $101.5 million at December 31, 2023 due to the increases of $3.7 million, or 4.2%, in checking and savings accounts, offset by a $2.0 million, or 13.8%, decrease in money market accounts. Certificates of deposit increased $19.3 million, or 3.9% to $512.6 million at June 30, 2024 from $493.3 million at December 31, 2023 . Non-interest bearing deposits increased $2.8 million, or 9.1%, to $33.3 million as of June 30, 2024 from $30.6 million as of December 31, 2023. The changes reflected customers’ desire for higher-yielding accounts in the higher interest rate environment. At June 30, 2024 , municipal deposits totaled $35.4 million, which represented 5.5% of total deposits, and brokered deposits totaled $91.2 million, which represented 14.1% of deposits. At December 31, 2023 , municipal deposits totaled $48.0 million, which represented 7.7% of deposits, and brokered deposits totaled $53.5 million, which represented 8.5% of total deposits. At June 30, 2024 , uninsured deposits totaled $69.3 million, comprised of 326 account holders, which represented 10.7% of total deposits. Borrowings. Federal Home Loan Bank of New York borrowings increased $11.7 million, or 7.0%, to $179.4 million at June 30, 2024 from $167.7 million at December 31, 2023 , specifically short-term advances increased by $22.5 million while long-term advances decreased $10.7 million to better position the Company to take advantage of potential rate cuts. The weighted average rate of borrowings was 4.71% and 4.54% as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , respectively. Total borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank was $304.2 million at June 30, 2024 , of which $179.4 million was advanced. Total Equity. Stockholders’ equity decreased $830,000 to $136.3 million, primarily due to a net loss of $873,000 and the repurchase of 140,406 shares of stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024 at a cost of $1.0 million, offset by an decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss for securities available for sale of $483,000 and stock compensation of $472,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . At June 30, 2024 , the Company’s ratio of average stockholders’ equity-to-total assets was 13.65%, compared to 1 5.24% at December 31, 2023 . Average Balance Sheets and Related Yields and Rates The following tables present information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income and dividends from average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting annualized average yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. Average balances have been calculated using daily balances. Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances only. Loan fees are included in interest income on loans and are not material. Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 Average Balance Interest and Dividends Yield/ Cost Average Balance Interest and Dividends Yield/ Cost (Dollars in thousands) Assets: (unaudited) Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,644 $ 127 5.90 % $ 12,449 $ 149 4.80 % Loans (1) 710,058 8,299 4.70 % 712,201 8,142 4.59 % Securities 185,497 1,860 4.01 % 146,225 1,017 2.78 % Other interest-earning assets 8,689 188 8.66 % 6,358 99 6.26 % Total interest-earning assets 912,888 10,474 4.61 % 877,233 9,407 4.30 % Non-interest-earning assets 58,933 54,156 Total assets $ 971,821 $ 931,389 Liabilities and equity: NOW and money market accounts $ 67,687 $ 329 1.96 % $ 88,256 $ 355 1.61 % Savings accounts 44,093 205 1.87 % 48,875 92 0.75 % Certificates of deposit (2) 517,882 5,720 4.44 % 493,986 3,764 3.06 % Total interest-bearing deposits 629,662 6,254 3.99 % 631,117 4,211 2.68 % Federal Home Loan Bank advances (2) 170,295 1,476 3.49 % 120,485 903 3.01 % Total interest-bearing liabilities 799,957 7,730 3.89 % 751,602 5,114 2.73 % Non-interest-bearing deposits 39,162 38,841 Other non-interest-bearing liabilities 1,654 1,768 Total liabilities 840,773 792,211 Total equity 131,048 139,178 Total liabilities and equity $ 971,821 $ 931,389 Net interest income $ 2,744 $ 4,293 Interest rate spread (3) 0.72 % 1.57 % Net interest margin (4) 1.21 % 1.96 % Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities 114.12 % 116.72 % (1) The average balance of loans includes non-accrual loans. (2) Cash flow hedges are used to manage interest rate risk. During the three months ended June 30, 2024 , the net effect on interest expense on the Federal Home Loan Bank advances and certificates of deposit was a reduced expense of $461,000 and $92,000 respectively. (3) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. (4) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. 22 Table of Contents Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 2023 Average Balance Interest and Dividends Yield/ Cost Average Balance Interest and Dividends Yield/ Cost (Dollars in thousands) Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,505 $ 276 6.50 % $ 10,634 $ 254 4.82 % Loans (1) 711,744 16,507 4.64 % 715,066 15,841 4.45 % Securities 176,081 3,389 3.85 % 154,049 2,113 2.74 % Other interest-earning assets 8,395 363 8.65 % 5,851 216 7.40 % Total interest-earning assets 904,725 20,535 4.54 % 885,600 18,424 4.18 % Non-interest-earning assets 59,313 54,482 Total assets $ 964,038 $ 940,082 Liabilities and equity: NOW and money market accounts $ 68,569 $ 664 1.95 % $ 100,419 $ 735 1.48 % Savings accounts 43,720 403 1.85 % 51,233 162 0.64 % Certificates of deposit (2) 517,189 11,157 4.34 % 498,652 7,029 2.84 % Total interest-bearing deposits 629,478 12,224 3.91 % 650,304 7,926 2.46 % Federal Home Loan Bank advances (2) 160,282 2,916 3.66 % 106,061 1,680 3.19 % Total interest-bearing liabilities 789,760 15,140 3.86 % 756,365 9,606 2.56 % Non-interest-bearing deposits 38,425 38,266 Other non-interest-bearing liabilities 2,763 6,146 Total liabilities 830,948 800,777 Total equity 133,090 139,305 Total liabilities and equity $ 964,038 $ 940,082 Net interest income $ 5,395 $ 8,818 Interest rate spread (3) 0.68 % 1.61 % Net interest margin (4) 1.20 % 2.01 % Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities 114.56 % 117.09 % (1) The average balance of loans includes non-accrual loans. (2) Cash flow hedges are used to manage interest rate risk. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 , the net effect on interest expense on the Federal Home Loan Bank advances and certificates of deposit was a reduced expense of $749,000 and $139,000 respectively. (3) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. (4) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. 23 Table of Contents Rate/Volume Analysis The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on net interest income. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The net column represents the sum of the prior columns. Changes attributable to changes in both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Compared to Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Increase (Decrease) Due to Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net (In thousands) Interest income: (unaudited) Cash and cash equivalents $ (169 ) $ 147 $ (22 ) $ (122 ) $ 144 $ 22 Loans receivable (158 ) 315 157 (201 ) 867 666 Securities 318 525 843 333 943 1,276 Other interest earning assets 43 46 89 106 41 147 Total interest-earning assets 35 1,032 1,067 115 1,996 2,111 Interest expense: NOW and money market accounts (331 ) 305 (26 ) (507 ) 436 (71 ) Savings accounts (60 ) 173 113 (72 ) 313 241 Certificates of deposit 189 1,767 1,956 271 3,857 4,128 Federal Home Loan Bank advances 413 160 573 959 277 1,236 Total interest-bearing liabilities 211 2,405 2,616 651 4,883 5,534 Net decrease in net interest income $ (176 ) $ (1,373 ) $ (1,549 ) $ (536 ) $ (2,887 ) $ (3,423 ) 24 Table of Contents Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 General. Net income decreased by $1.3 million, or 150.5%, to a net loss of $432,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from net income of $857,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $1.5 million in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease of $494,000 in income tax expense. Interest Income. Interest income increased $1.1 million, or 11.3%, from $9.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 due to higher yields on interest-earning assets and an increase in the average balance of securities, partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of loans and cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents decreased $22,000, or 14.9%, to $127,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $149,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 due to a $3.8 million decrease in the average balance to $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $12.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 , reflecting the use of excess cash to purchase securities. The decrease was offset by a 110 basis point increase in the average yield from 4.80% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to 5.90% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , due to the higher interest rate environment. Interest income on loans increa sed $157,000, or 1.9%, to $8.3 million for the t hree months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 due prim arily to an 11 basis point increase in the average yield from 4.59% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to 4.70% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , offset by a $2.1 million decrease in the average balance to $710.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $712.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest income on securities increased $843,000, or 82.9%, to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 primarily due to a 123 basis point increase in the average yield from 2.78% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to 4.01% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , and a $39.3 million increase in the average balance to $185.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $146.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $2.6 million, or 51.2%, from $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $7.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 due to higher costs and average balances on interest -bearing liabilities. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased $2.0 million, or 48.5%, to $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase was due to a 131 basis point increase in the average cost of deposits to 3.99% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 2.68% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in the average cost of deposits was due to the higher interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio to a greater concentration of higher-costing certificates of deposit. The average balances of certificates of deposit increased $23.9 million to $517.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $494.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The average balance of savings accounts decreased by $4.8 million during the quarter, while the average balance of NOW and money market accounts decreased $20.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 , compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased $573,000, or 63.6%, from $903,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 . The increase was due to an increase in the average balance of $49.8 million to $170.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 . The increase was also due to an increase in the average cost of borrowings of 48 basis points to 3.49% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 3.01% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 due to the new borrowings being at higher rates. Net Interest Income. Net interest income decreased $1.6 million, or 36.1%, to $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The decrease reflected an 85 basis point decrease in our net interest rate spread to 0.72% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 1.57% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Our net interest margin decreased 75 basis points to 1.21% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 1.96% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a $35,000 provisio n for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to a $125,000 recovery for credit losses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2023 . During the three months ended June 30, 2024 the Company recorded a $73,000 provision for the held-to-maturity securities portfolio, which was partially offset by a credit to the provision for loans of $38,000, which was related to the increase in corporate securities and a decrease in the loan portfolio. Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $20,000, or 7.0%, to $303,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $283,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . Bank-owned life insurance income increased $25,000, or 13.1%, due to higher balances during 2024 , which was partially offset by no loan sales in 2024 compared to a $16,000 gain on sale of loans in 2023. Non-Interest Expense. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 , non-interest expense increas ed $94,000, or 2.6%, o ver the comparable 2023 period. Professional fees increased $146,000, or 128.1% due to higher consulting expense related to strategic business planning. Data processing expense increased $83,000, or 35.5%, due to higher processing costs. Advertising expense also increased by $19,000, or 19.8%, which was related to promotions for our new branch location. This was off set by a $158,000, or 6.9% decrease in salaries and employee benefits cost, which decreased due to lower headcount and increased expenses in 2023 related to the retirement of the Company's previous Chief Executive Officer. Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $494,000, or 232.1%, to a benefit of $281,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from a $213,000 expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 . The decrease was due to $1.8 million of lower taxable income. 25 Table of Contents Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 General. Net income decreased by $2.7 million, or 147.2%, to a net loss of $873,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from net income of $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $3.4 million in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in income tax expense. Interest Income. Interest income increased $2.1 million, or 11.5%, from $18.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $20.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 due to higher yields on interest-earning assets, and to a lesser extent by an increase in the average balance of securities, partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of loans and cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents increased $22,000, or 8.7%, to $276,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $254,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due to a 168 basis point increase in the average yield from 4.82% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to 6.50% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 due to the higher interest rate environment. The increase was offset by a $2.1 million decrease in the average balance to $8.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest income on loans increased $666,000, or 4.2%, to $16.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $15.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due primarily to a 19 basis point increase in the average yield from 4.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to 4.64% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , offset by a $3.3 million decrease in the average balance to $711.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $715.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest income on securities increased $1.3 million, or 60.4%, to $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily due to a 111 basis point increase in the average yield from 2.74% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to 3.85% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , and a $22.1 million increase in the average balance to $176.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $154.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $5.5 million, or 57.6%, from $9.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $15.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to higher costs and average balances on certificates of deposit and borrowings. Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits increased $4.3 million, or 54.2%, to $12.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $7.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase was due to a 145 basis point increase in the average cost of deposits to 3.91% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 2.46% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The increase in the average cost of deposits was due to the higher interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio to a greater concentration of higher-costing certificates of deposit. The average balances of certificates of deposit increased $18.5 million to $517.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $498.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 while average NOW and money market accounts and savings accounts decreased $31.9 million and $7.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 , respectively, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Interest expense on Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased $1.2 million, or 73.6%, from $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . The increase was due to an increase in the average balance of $54.2 million to $160.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 . The increase was also due to an increase in the average cost of borrowings of 47 basis points to 3.66% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 3.19% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due to the new borrowings being at higher rates. Net Interest Income. Net interest income decreased $3.4 million, or 38.8%, to $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $8.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The decrease reflected a 93 basis point decrease in our net interest rate spread to 0.68% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 1.61% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Our net interest margin decreased 81 basis points to 1.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 2.01% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a $70,000 provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to a $125,000 recovery for credit losses for the six -month period ended June 30, 2023 . The entire provision during the period was due to a $108,000 provision for held-to-maturity securities, which was offset by a $38,000 credit to the provision for loans, which was related to the increase in corporate securities a nd a decrease in the loan portfolio. Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $35,000, or 6.3%, to $602,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $567,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . Bank-owned life insurance income increased $51,000, or 13.5%, due to higher balances during 2024 , which was partially offset by no loan sales in 2024 compared to a $29,000 gain on sale of loans in 2023. Non-Interest E xpense. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 , non-interest expense increased $219,000, or 3.1%, over the comparable 2023 period. Professional fees increased $194,000, or 73.5% due to higher consulting expense related to strategic business planning. Data processing expense increased $110,000, or 21.5%, due to higher processing costs. These were offset by a $162,000, or 3.6%, reduction in salaries and employee benefit costs, which decreased due to lower headcount and increase expenses in 2023 related to the retirement of the Company's previous Chief Executive Officer. Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $1.1 million, or 211.2%, to a benefit of $568,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from a $511,000 expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 . The decrease was due to $3.8 million of lower taxable income. 26 Table of Contents Management of Market Risk General. The majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of loans and securities, have longer maturities than our liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits and borrowings. As a result, a principal part of our business strategy is to manage our exposure to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our board of directors has established an Asset/Liability Management Committee (the “ALCO”), which is comprised of three members of executive management and two independent directors, which oversees the asset/liability management processes and related procedures. The ALCO meets on at least a quarterly basis and reviews asset/liability strategies, liquidity positions, alternative funding sources, interest rate risk measurement reports, capital levels and economic trends at both national and local levels. Our interest rate risk position is also monitored quarterly by the board of directors. We manage our interest rate risk to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in market interest rates. We have implemented the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk: originating and purchasing loans with adjustable interest rates; promoting core deposit products; monitoring the length of our borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank and brokered deposits depending on the interest rate environment; maintaining a majority of our investments as available-for-sale; diversifying our loan portfolio; and strengthening our capital position. By following these strategies, we believe that we are better positioned to react to changes in market interest rates. Net Portfolio Value Simulation. We analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through a net portfolio value of equity (“NPV”) model. NPV represents the present value of the expected cash flows from our assets less the present value of the expected cash flows arising from our liabilities, adjusted for the value of off-balance sheet contracts. The NPV ratio represents the dollar amount of our NPV divided by the present value of our total assets for a given interest rate scenario. NPV attempts to quantify our economic value using a discounted cash flow methodology while the NPV ratio reflects that value as a form of capital ratio. We estimate what our NPV would be at a specific date. We then calculate what the NPV would be at the same date throughout a series of interest rate scenarios representing immediate and permanent, parallel shifts in the yield curve. We currently calculate NPV under the assumptions that interest rates increase 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points from current market rates and that interest rates decrease 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points from current market rates. The following table presents the estimated changes in our net portfolio value that would result from changes in market interest rates as of June 30, 2024 . All estimated changes presented in the table are within the policy limits approved by the board of directors. NPV as Percent of Portfolio NPV Value of Assets (Dollars in thousands) Basis Point (“bp”) Change in Dollar Dollar Percent Interest Rates Amount Change Change NPV Ratio Change 400 bp $ 69,996 $ (46,178 ) (39.75 )% 8.10 % (32.02 )% 300 bp 82,064 (34,110 ) (29.36 ) 9.30 (25.00 ) 200 bp 92,568 (23,606 ) (20.32 ) 10.29 (17.02 ) 100 bp 104,079 (12,095 ) (10.41 ) 11.34 (8.55 ) — 116,174 — — 12.40 — (100) bp 128,238 12,064 10.38 13.41 8.15 (200) bp 139,748 23,574 20.29 14.32 15.48 (300) bp 150,327 34,153 29.40 15.11 21.85 (400) bp 162,151 45,977 39.58 15.95 28.63 Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. The table above assumes that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the date indicated remains constant uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the table provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our NPV and will differ from actual results. Net Interest Income Analysis. We also use income simulation to measure interest rate risk inherent in our balance sheet at a given point in time by showing the effect on net interest income over specified time frames and using different interest rate shocks and ramps. The assumptions include management’s best assessment of the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment speeds of certain assets and liabilities, projections for account balances in each of the product lines offered and the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in interest rates. These assumptions are subject to change, and as a result, the model is not expected to precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in the balance sheet composition and market conditions. Assumptions are supported with quarterly back testing of the model to actual market rate shifts. 27 Table of Contents As of June 30, 2024 , net interest income simulation results indicated that its exposure over one year to changing interest rates was within our guidelines. The following table presents the estimated impact of interest rate changes on our estimated net interest income over one year: Changes in Interest Rates Change in Net Interest Income Year One (basis points) (1) (% change from year one base) 400 (21.07 )% 300 (15.66 ) 200 (10.56 ) 100 (5.16 ) — — (100) 3.77 (200) 2.96 (300) (1.07 ) (400) (8.12 ) (1) The calculated change in net interest income assumes an instantaneous parallel shift of the yield curve. The preceding simulation analyses do not represent a forecast of actual results and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions, which are subject to change, including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including the yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others. Also, as market conditions vary, prepayment/refinancing levels, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps and floors embedded in adjustable-rate loans, early withdrawal of deposits, changes in product preferences, and other internal/external variables will likely deviate from those assumed. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity. Liquidity describes our ability to meet financial obligation s that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities and proceeds from calls, maturities and sales of securities and sales of loans. We also borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York. At June 30, 2024 , we had the ability to borrow up to $304.2 million, of which $179.4 million was outstanding and $1.4 million was utilized as collateral for letters of credit issued to secure municipal deposits. At June 30, 2024 , we had $54.0 million in unsecured lines of credit with four correspondent banks with no outstanding balance. The board of directors is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists for meeting the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We believe that we had ample sources of liquidity to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs as of June 30, 2024 . While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are pre dictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any period. At June 30, 2024 , cash and cash equivalents totaled $17.6 million. Securities classified as available-for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, totaled $106.9 million at June 30, 2024 . We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Certificates of deposit due within one year of June 30, 2024 to taled $464.3 million, or 71.5% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including other deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank of New York advances. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or borrowings than we currently pay. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered. Capital Resources. We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At June 30, 2024 , we exceeded all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and were considered “well capitalized” under regulatory guidelines. As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, as modified in April 2020, the federal banking agencies were required to develop a “Community B ank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a bank's Tier 1 “equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with less than $10 billion. A “qualifying community bank” with capital exceeding 9% will be considered compliant with all applicable regulatory capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered "well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. As of June 30, 2024 , the Bank is reporting as a qualifying community bank with a ratio of 13.07%. Inflation Substantially all of the Company's assets and liabilities relate to banking activities and are monetary. The consolidated financial statements and related financial data are presented in accordance with GAAP. GAAP currently requires the Company to measure the financial position and results of operations in terms of historical dollars, except for securities available for sale, impaired loans, and other real estate loans that are measured at fair value. Changes in the value of money due to inflation can cause purchasing power loss. Management's opinion is that movements in interest rates affect the financial condition and results of operations to a greater degree than changes in the rate of inflation. It should be noted that interest rates and inflation do affect each other but do not always move in correlation with each other. The Company's ability to match the interest sensitivity of its financial assets to the interest sensitivity of its liabilities in its asset/liability management may tend to minimize the effect of changes in interest rates on the Company's performance. 28 Table of Contents Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Information with respect to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk can be found in Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Management of Market Risk.”