Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere herein MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate,” “expect,” and the like, and/or future-tense or conditional constructions (“will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors.
Historical results may not indicate future performance. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, including any changes that might result from any facts, events, or circumstances after the date hereof that may bear upon forward-looking statements. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance, or achievements.
Overview
We are a technology company that develops, sells and services interactive solutions predominantly for the global education market, but also for the corporate and government sectors. We are seeking to become a worldwide leading innovator and integrator of interactive products and software solutions and improve collaboration and effective communication in meeting environments. We currently design, produce and distribute interactive technologies including our interactive and non-interactive flat-panel displays, LED video walls, media players, classroom audio and campus communication, cameras and other peripherals for the education market and non-interactive solutions including flat-panels, LED video walls and digital signage. We also distribute STEM products, including our 3D printing and robotics solutions, and our portable science lab. All products are integrated into our classroom software suite that provides tools for whole class learning, assessment and collaboration. In addition, we offer professional training services related to our technology to our U.S. educational customers. To date, we have generated the majority of our revenue in the U.S. and internationally from the sale of interactive displays and related software to the educational market. We have sold our solutions into over 70 countries and into over 1.5 million classrooms and meeting spaces. We sell our products and software through more than 1,000 global reseller partners. We believe we offer the most comprehensive and integrated line of interactive display solutions, audio products, peripherals and accessories, software and professional development for schools and enterprises on the market today. The majority of our products are backed by nearly 30 years of research and development.
Advances in technology and new options for the introduction of technology into the classroom have forced school districts to look for solutions that allow teachers and students to bring their own devices into the classroom, provide school districts with information technology departments with the means to access data with or without internet access, handle higher demand for video, as well as control cloud and data storage challenges. Our design teams are able to quickly customize systems and configurations to serve the needs of clients so that existing hardware and software platforms can
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communicate with one another. Our goal is to become a single source solution to satisfy the needs of educators around the globe and provide a holistic approach to the modern classroom.
Our Acquisition Strategy and Challenges
Our growth strategy includes acquiring assets and technologies of companies that have products, technologies, industry specializations or geographic coverage that extend or complement our existing business. The process to undertake a potential acquisition is time-consuming and costly. Prior to completing any acquisition, we expect to expend significant resources to undertake business, financial and legal due diligence on our potential acquisition targets, as a result, and there is no guarantee that we will complete any acquisition that we pursue.
We believe we can achieve significant cost-savings by merging the operations of the companies we acquire and after their acquisition leverage the opportunity to reduce costs through the following methods:
• Staff reductions – consolidating resources, such as accounting, marketing and human resources.
• Economies of scale – improved purchasing power with a greater ability to negotiate prices with suppliers.
• Improved market reach and industry visibility – increase in customer base and entry into new markets.
As a result, we believe that an analysis of the historical costs and expenses of our Target Sellers (a company that is the subject of an attempted acquisition) prior to their acquisition will not provide guidance as to the anticipated results after acquisition. We anticipate that we will be able to achieve significant reductions in our costs of revenue and selling and, general and administrative expenses from the levels currently incurred by the Target Sellers operating independently, thereby increasing our EBITDA and cash flows.
Components of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Revenue
The Company’s sales of interactive devices, including panels, whiteboards and other interactive devices generally include hardware maintenance services, a license to software, and the provision of related software maintenance. In most cases, interactive devices are sold with hardware maintenance services.
The Company’s installation, training and professional development service include third-party products and services and are generally sold separately from the Company’s products.
Cost of revenue
Our cost of revenue is comprised of the following:
• third-party logistics costs;
• costs to purchase components and finished goods directly;
• inbound and outbound freight costs and duties;
• costs associated with the repair of products under warranty;
• write-downs of inventory carrying value to adjust for excess and obsolete inventory and periodic physical inventory counts;
• cost of professionals to deliver the professional development training; and
• customs expense.
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We outsource some of our warehouse operations and order fulfillment and we purchase products from related entities and third parties. Our product costs vary directly with volume and based on the costs of underlying product components as well as the prices we negotiate with our contract manufacturers. Shipping costs fluctuate with volume as well as with the method of shipping chosen in order to meet customer demand. As a global company with suppliers centered in Asia and customers located worldwide, we have used, and may in the future use, air shipping to deliver our products directly to our customers. Air shipping is more costly than sea or ground shipping or other delivery options and it is rarely used as a result. The Company did not experience material delays in shipping during 2023 or 2022 that materially negatively impacted our revenues.
Gross profit and gross profit margin
Our gross profit and gross profit margin have been, and may in the future be, influenced by several factors including: product, channel and geographical revenue mix; changes in product costs related to the release of newer models; component, contract manufacturing and supplier pricing, foreign currency exchange and most recently, increased shipping costs due to the pandemic and global unrest. As we primarily procure our product components and manufacture our products in Asia, our suppliers incur many costs, including labor costs, in other currencies. To the extent that exchange rates move unfavorably for our suppliers, they may seek to pass these additional costs on to us, which could have a material impact on our future average selling prices and unit costs. Gross profit and gross profit margin may fluctuate over time based on the factors described above.
Operating expenses
We classify our operating expenses into two categories: research and development and general and administrative.
Research and development. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel related costs, prototype and sample costs, design costs and global product certifications mostly for wireless certifications.
General and administrative. General and administrative expense consists of personnel related costs, which include salaries, as well as the costs of professional services, such as accounting and legal, facilities, information technology, depreciation and amortization and other administrative expenses. General and administrative expense may fluctuate as a percentage of revenue, notably in the second and third quarters of our fiscal year when we have historically experienced our highest levels of revenue.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net primarily consists of interest expense associated with our debt financing arrangements, gains (losses) on the settlements of debt, and the effects of changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities.
Income tax expense
We are subject to income taxes in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, Holland, Australia, Denmark and Germany where we do business. The United Kingdom, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, Holland and Germany, Australia, Canada and Denmark have a statutory tax rate different from that in the United States. Additionally, certain of our international earnings are also taxable in the United States. Accordingly, our effective tax rates will vary depending on the relative proportion of foreign to U.S. income, the absorption of foreign tax credits, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from the examination of our tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and other tax authorities to determine the adequacy of our income tax reserves and expense. Should actual events or results differ from our current expectations, charges or credits to our income tax expense may become necessary. Any such adjustments could have a significant impact on our results of operations.
Operating Results – Boxlight Corporation
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Revenues. Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $176.7 million as compared to $221.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in a 20.3% decrease. The decrease in revenues was primarily a result of softening world-wide demand for our products and solutions in both the U.S. and EMEA markets.
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Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $113.4 million as compared to $156.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in a 27.7% decrease. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily due to more favorable material and shipping cost and the decrease in revenues.
Gross Profit . Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $63.3 million as compared to $64.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Gross profit margin improved to 35.8% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 29.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022 due to audio products comprising a greater percentage of total sales, which carry higher margins, and decreases in manufacturing and shipping cost.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $61.3 million and 34.7% of revenue as compared to $59.3 million and 26.8% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 . The increase primarily relates to an increase in personnel related expenses to support the growth of the business in certain markets.
Research and Development Expense. Research and development expense was $3.2 million or 1.8% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $2.5 million or 1.1% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 . Research and development expense primarily consists of costs associated with development of proprietary technology. The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by an increase in contract services related to software development.
Impairment of Goodwill. Impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $25.2 million and related to both the Americas and EMEA reporting segments. There was no impairment of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Other Expense, net. Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $11.0 million as compared to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Other expense increased by $4.2 million, due to a $2.3 million decrease in fair value of derivative liabilities, $0.9 million increase in interest expense, and $0.9 million decrease from the settlement of liabilities in the prior year that did not recur in the current year.
Net Loss. Net loss attributable to common shareholders was $40.4 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, after deducting fixed dividends to Series B preferred shareholders of $1.3 million in each year.
To provide investors with additional insight and allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the information used by management in its financial and decision-making surrounding operations, we supplement our consolidated financial statements presented on a basis consistent with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) with EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, both non-GAAP financial measures of earnings.
EBITDA represents net loss before income tax expense, interest expense, net, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA, adjusted for stock compensation expense and changes in fair value of derivative liabilities, purchase accounting impact for fair valuing inventory and deferred revenue, net gain on settlement of debt, and impairment of goodwill. Our management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as financial measures to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of our business model. We use these non-GAAP financial measures to assess the strength of the underlying operations of our business. These adjustments, and the non-GAAP financial measure that is derived from them, provide supplemental information to analyze our operations between periods and over time. We find this especially useful when reviewing results of operations, which include large non-cash amortizations of intangibles assets from acquisitions. Investors should consider our non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The following table contains reconciliations of net losses to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.
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Reconciliation of net loss for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022 to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
(in thousands) 2023 2022
Net loss $ (39,156) $ (3,743)
Depreciation and amortization 8,859 9,129
Interest expense 10,840 9,923
Income tax expense 1,866 49
EBITDA $ (17,591) $ 15,358
Stock compensation expense 3,131 3,313
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities (267) (2,591)
Purchase accounting impact of fair valuing inventory 448 1,496
Purchase accounting impact of fair valuing deferred revenue 1,649 2,229
Net gain on settlement of debt — (856)
Impairment of Goodwill 25,195 —
Adjusted EBITDA $ 12,565 $ 18,949
Discussion of Effect of Seasonality on Financial Condition
Certain accounts on our balance sheets are subject to seasonal fluctuations. As our business and revenues grow, we expect these seasonal trends to be reduced. The bulk of our products are shipped to our educational customers prior to the beginning of the school year, usually in July, August, or September. To prepare for the upcoming school year, we generally build up inventories during the second quarter of the year. Therefore, inventories tend to be at the highest levels at that point in time. In the first quarter of the year, inventories tend to decline significantly as products are delivered to customers and we do not need the same inventory levels during the first quarter. Accounts receivable balances tend to be at the highest levels in the third quarter, in which we record the highest level of sales.
We have been very proactive, and will continue to be proactive, in obtaining contracts during the fourth and first quarters of each year in order to help offset the seasonality of our business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents o f $17.3 million , a working capital balance of $54.1 million, and a current ratio of 2.17. At December 31, 2022, we had $14.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, a working capital balance of $62.8 million, and a current ratio of 2.29.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had net cash provided by operating activities of $11.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities increased year over year as a result of a change in working capital management. We had net cash used in investing activities of $1.3 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash used in investing activities is primarily related to purchases of property and equipment. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had net cash used in financing activities of $8.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively. Cash used for financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to principal payments on debt of $6.8 million, and $1.3 million in payments of fixed dividends to our Series B preferred shareholders, and stock option exercise proceeds of $13 thousand. Cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily related to principal payments on debt, and payments of fixed dividends to our Series B preferred shareholders, partially offset by net proceeds of issuance of common stock, and proceeds from long-term debt and stock option exercises.
Our liquidity needs are funded by operating cash flow and available cash. Our cash requirements consist primarily of day-to-day operating expenses, capital expenditures and contractual obligations with respect to facility leases. We lease all of our office facilities. We expect to make future payments on existing leases from cash generated from operations. We have limited credit available from our major vendors and are required to prepay a percentage of our inventory purchases, which further constrains our cash liquidity. In addition, our industry is seasonal with many sales to educational customers occurring during the second and third quarters when schools make budget appropriations and classes are not in session
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limiting disruptions related to product installation. This seasonality makes our needs for cash vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
In addition to the cash flows generated by our ongoing operating activities we financed our operations during 2023 and 2022 with our Credit Facility with Whitehawk. Prior to April 24, 2023, we maintained a delayed draw term loan of which we had $7.5 million available. On April 24, 2023, we borrowed $3.0 million on our delayed draw term loan that was used for working capital purposes. The completion of the additional draw eliminates further draws under the term loan agreement. The $3.0 million was repaid during the third quarter of 2023.
To the extent not previously converted into the Company’s Class A common stock, the outstanding shares of our Series B preferred stock became redeemable at the option of the holders at any time or from time to time commencing on January 1, 2024 upon, 30 days’ prior written notice to the Company, for a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the sum of (a) ($10.00) multiplied by the number of shares of Series B preferred stock being redeemed (the “Redeemed Shares”), plus (b) all accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, on such Redeemed Shares. We may be required to seek alternative financing arrangements or restructure the terms of the agreement with the Series B preferred shareholders on terms that are not favorable to us if cash and cash equivalents are not sufficient to fully redeem the Series B preferred shares. We are currently evaluating alternatives to refinance or restructure the Series B preferred shares including extending the maturity of the Series B preferred shares beyond the current optional conversion date.
Given the uncertainty surrounding global supply chains, global markets, and general global uncertainty as a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas and the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of debt and equity capital has been reduced and the cost of capital has increased. Furthermore, recent adverse developments affecting the financial services industry including events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions may lead to market-wide liquidity problems. This in turn could result in a reduction in our ability to access funding sources and credit arrangements in amounts adequate to finance our current and future business operations. Increasing our capital through equity issuance at this time could cause significant dilution to our existing stockholders. However, while there can be no guarantee we will be able to access capital when needed, we are confident that the Company will be able to manage through the current challenges in the equity and debt finance markets by managing payment terms with our customers and vendors.
Cash and cash equivalents, along with anticipated cash flows from operations, may not provide sufficient liquidity for our working capital needs, debt service requirements or to maintain minimum liquidity requirements under our Credit Agreement, and we may need to raise capital to meet current working capital requirements including maintaining sufficient inventory levels to meet future sales demand.
The Company’s financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of obligations in the normal course of business.
The Company was not in compliance with its Senior Leverage Ratio financial covenant under the Credit Agreement at September 30, 2023. The non-compliance was cured by the Company paying $4.3 million, inclusive of $0.3 million in prepayment penalties and interest in November 2023 in order to bring the Company into compliance with the Senior Leverage Ratio at September 30, 2023.
The Company was not in compliance with its financial covenant related to the Senior Leverage Ratio under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2023. Although on March 14, 2024, the Loan Parties entered into the Fifth Amendment with the Collateral Agent and the Lender mainly for the purpose of (1) amending and restating the Senior Leverage Ratio and Minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Fifth Amendment), and (2) waiving any Event of Default that may have arisen directly as a result of the Financial Covenant Default (as defined in the Fifth Amendment), there can be no assurance that the Lender will not declare an event of default and acceleration of all of our obligations under the Credit Agreement in the event we are unable to get into full compliance with these covenants in the future. Following the Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, the Senior Leverage ratio increased to 6.00 at March 31, 2024, remained at 2.00 at June 30, 2024 and 1.75 thereafter. Because of the significant decreases in the required Senior Leverage Ratio within the next twelve months, the Company’s current forecast projects the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with this ratio. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.
In view of this matter, continuation as a going concern is dependent upon the Company’s ability to continue to achieve positive cash flow from operations, obtain waivers or other relief under the Credit Agreement for any future non-
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compliance with the Senior Leverage Ratio, or refinance its Credit Agreement with a different lender on a basis with more favorable terms. The Company is actively working to refinance its debt with new lenders on terms more favorable to the Company. While the Company is confident in its ability to refinance its existing debt, it does not have written or executed agreements as of the issuance of this Form 10-K. The Company’s ability to refinance its existing debt is based upon credit markets and economic forces that are outside of its control. We believe we have a good working capital relationship with our current lender. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in refinancing its debt, or on terms acceptable to the Company.
Recent Financing
See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity and capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles accepted in the United States. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.
Our significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and briefly summarized below. We believe that the following accounting estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain :
1. Revenue Recognition
2. Goodwill and Intangible assets
3. Share-based Compensation
4. Derivative Warrant Liabilities
5. Income Taxes
REVENUE RECOGNITION
In accordance with the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers) (“Topic 606”), the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it expects to be entitled when control of the products or services is transferred to its customers. Control is generally transferred when the Company has a present right to payment and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of products or services are transferred to its customers. Product revenue is derived from the sale of interactive panels, audio and communication equipment and related software and accessories to distributors, resellers, and end users. Service revenue is derived from hardware maintenance services, product installation, training, software maintenance, and subscription services.
The Company’s sales of interactive devices, including panels, whiteboards, audio and communication equipment and other interactive devices generally include hardware maintenance services, a license to software, and the provision of related software maintenance. Interactive devices are generally sold with hardware maintenance services with terms
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ranging from 36-60 months. Software maintenance includes technical support, product updates on a when and if available basis, and error correction services. At times, non-interactive projectors are also sold with hardware maintenance services with terms ranging from 36-60 months. The Company also licenses software independently of its interactive devices, in which case it is bundled with software maintenance, and in some cases, subscription services that include access to on-line content, access to replacement parts, and cloud-based applications. The Company’s software subscription services provide access to content and software applications on an as needed basis over the Internet, but do not provide the right to take delivery of the software applications.
The Company’s product sales, including those with software and related services, generally include a single payment up front for the products and services, and revenue is recorded net of estimated sales returns and rebates based on the Company’s expectations and historical experience. For most of the Company’s product sales, control transfers, and therefore, revenue is recognized when products are shipped at the point of origin. When the Company transfers control of its products to the customer prior to the related shipping and handling activities, the Company has adopted a policy of accounting for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost rather than a performance obligation. For other software product sales, control is transferred when the customer receives the related access code or interactive hardware since the customer’s access code or connection to the interactive hardware activates the software license at which time the software is made available to the customer. For the Company’s software maintenance, hardware maintenance, and subscription services, revenue is recognized ratably over time as the services are provided since time is the best output measure of how those services are transferred to the customer.
The Company’s installation, training and professional development services are generally sold separately from the Company’s products. Control of these services is transferred to our customers over time with hours/time incurred in providing the service being the best depiction of the transfer of services since the customer is receiving the benefit of the services as the work is performed.
For contracts with multiple performance obligations, each of which represent promises within a contract that are distinct, the Company allocates revenue to all distinct performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices (“SSPs”).
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized and is not deductible for tax purposes. Under ASC Topic 350 “ Business Combinations ,” we have an option to perform a “qualitative” assessment of the Company to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the business is less than carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. If we determine that the Company meets these criteria, we perform a qualitative assessment. In this qualitative assessment, we consider the following items: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance and other entity specific events. In addition, we assess whether the most recent fair value determination results in an amount that exceeds the carrying amount of the Company. Based on these assessments, we determine whether the likelihood that a current fair value determination would be less than the current carrying amount is not more likely than not.
Because the qualitative assessment is an option, we may bypass it for any reporting unit in any period as begin our analysis with the quantitative impairment test. We may elect to perform a quantitative impairment test based on the period of time that has passed since the most recent determination of fair value, even when we do not believe that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the business is less than carrying amount.
In analyzing goodwill for potential impairment in the quantitative impairment test, we use a combination of the income and market approaches to estimate the fair value. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value based on estimated future discounted cash flows. The assumptions we use are based on what we believe a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of revenue or earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization for benchmark companies. If the fair value exceeds carrying value, then no further testing is required. However, if the fair value were to be less than carrying value, we would then determine the amount of the impairment charge, if any, which would be the amount that the carrying value of the goodwill exceeded its implied value.
Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit. We evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets periodically and take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised
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estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists. No material impairments of intangible assets have been identified during any of the periods presented. Intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist using an undiscounted cash-flow approach.
The Company's annual impairment testing date normally occurs as of October 1, which facilitates the overall coordination and timing of our annual financial statement close cycle and the preparation of our annual report. During the year ended December 31, 2023, due to triggering events, the Company performed Goodwill testing as of June 30, September 30, and December 31, 2023.
As of June 30, 2023, we determined that a triggering event had occurred as a result of our market capitalization that suggested one or more of the reporting units may have fallen below the carrying amounts. In addition, changes in our reporting segments resulted in a change in the composition of our reporting units. As a result of these changes, we determined the Company had two reporting units for purposes of testing based upon entities that comprise the Americas and EMEA reporting segments. For purposes of impairment testing, we allocated goodwill to the reporting units based upon a relative fair value allocation approach and assigned approximately $22.4 million and $2.8 million of goodwill to the Americas and EMEA reporting units, respectively.
As of June 30, 2023, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test as a result of the triggering events identified. In analyzing goodwill for potential impairment in the quantitative impairment test, we used a combination of the income and market approaches to estimate the fair value. Under the income approach, we calculated the fair value based on estimated future discounted cash flows. The assumptions used are based on what we believe a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value and include the discount rate, projected average revenue growth and projected long-term growth rates in the determination of terminal values. Under the market approach, we estimated the fair value based on market multiples of revenue or earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization for benchmark companies. Based on the results of our interim test as of June 30, 2023, we concluded that the estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the respective carrying value and, as such, we concluded that the goodwill assigned to each reporting unit, as of June 30, 2023, was not impaired.
As of September 30, 2023, due to further declines in the Company’s market capitalization and a reduction in cash-flows resulting from continued softening in the industry leading to a reduction in sales from interactive flat-panel displays, the Company determined that a triggering event had occurred.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment test as a result of the triggering event identified. The Company’s methodology for estimating fair value was consistent with the income and market approaches used as of June 30, 2023. Certain estimates and assumptions, including the Company’s operating forecast for 2023 and future periods, were revised based on current industry and Company trends. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $10.4 million and $2.8 million to the Americas and EMEA reporting units, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company performed goodwill impairment testing as a result of another triggering event identified. The Company’s methodology for estimating fair value was consistent with the income and market approaches used as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023. Certain estimates and assumptions, including the Company’s operating forecast for 2023 and future periods, were further revised based on current industry and Company trends. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $22.4 million and $2.8 million in the Americas and EMEA reporting units, respectively, which also represents total accumulated goodwill impairment charges for each reporting unit.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option compensation award at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model; the fair value of each restricted stock unit awarded is the market price of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The fair value determined represents the cost for the award and is recognized over the vesting period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Accordingly, stock compensation expense is recognized based on the estimated fair value of the awards which is amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Total expense related to the award is reduced by the fair value of the options that are forfeited by the employees that leave the Company prior to vesting as they occur.
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DERIVATIVE WARRANT LIABILITIES
The Company classifies common stock purchase warrants as equity if the contracts (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) give the Company a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). The Company classifies any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the control of the Company), (ii) give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement), or (iii) contain reset provisions as either an asset or a liability. The Company assesses the classification of its freestanding derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between equity and liabilities is required.
The Company determined that certain warrants to purchase common stock do not satisfy the criteria for classification as equity instruments due to the existence of certain net cash and non-fixed settlement provisions that are not within the sole control of the Company. Such warrants are measured at fair value at each reporting date, and the changes in fair value are included in determining net income for the period.
INCOME TAXES
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes pursuant to the pertinent guidance issued by the FASB. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets, liabilities, operating losses, and tax credit carry forwards using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Valuation allowances, if any, are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount management considers more likely than not to be realized. Such valuation allowances are recorded for the portion of the deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the levels of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the temporary differences will be deductible.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a “smaller reporting company,” this item is not required.
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