BetterLife Pharma Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward-Looking Statements This report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of these provisions, including any projections of earnings, revenues, or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies, and objectives of management for future operation; any statements concerning proposed new products, services, or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; statements of belief; and any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Such forward-looking statements are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the following: competition, promotional costs and the risk of declining revenues. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this filing, and we assume no obligation to update such forward-looking statements. The following discusses our financial condition and results of operations based upon our unaudited financial statements which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. It should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere herein. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. Our financial statements are stated in U.S. Dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In this quarterly report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in U.S. Dollars (US$) and all references to “common shares” refer to the common shares in our capital stock. As used in this quarterly report, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” and “our company” mean Pivot Pharmaceuticals Inc., unless otherwise indicated. General Overview We are a development stage pharmaceutical company. We were incorporated in the Province of British Columbia, Canada under the name “649186 B.C. Ltd.”, on June 10, 2002. On September 9, 2003, we changed our name to “Xerxes Health Corp.” and on June 26, 2007, we changed our name to “Neurokine Pharmaceuticals Inc.”. Effective June 4, 2014, we filed with the British Columbia Registrar of Companies a Form 11, Notice of Alteration, wherein we increased our authorized share capital from 500,000,000 common shares without par value to an unlimited number of common shares without par value. The increase of authorized capital was approved by our stockholders at the annual and special meeting held on June 3, 2014. On September 26, 2014, our company held a special meeting of stockholders to approve the removal of our company’s Pre-Existing Company Provisions, the cancellation of our current Articles and the adoption of new Articles and to approve a reverse stock split on the basis of up to one new common stock for every 100 old common stock. Effective October 8, 2014, we filed with the British Columbia Registrar of Companies a Form 11, Notice of Alteration, wherein we removed our Pre-Existing Company Provisions. 17 Table of Contents Effective April 7, 2015, we filed with the British Columbia Registrar of Companies a Form 11, Notice of Alteration, wherein we changed our name to “Pivot Pharmaceuticals Inc.”. Effective at the opening of trading on April 20, 2015, as approved by FINRA, our company effected a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common shares on the basis of 10 old common stock for 1 new common stock. On November 20, 2015, we completed the acquisition of IndUS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“IndUS”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Acquisition Agreement dated as of November 4, 2015 among our company, Pivot Pharma U.S. Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, IndUS and Sindu Research Laboratories Pvt Ltd. As consideration for the purchase, we issued 4,512,500 shares of common stock on November 23, 2015 and 237,500 shares of common stock on December 4, 2015 and granted 41,833 stock options pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger. As part of the acquisition, we appointed Dr. Pravin Chaturvedi as our new Chief Executive Officer and Director. On September 11, 2017, we completed an exchange agreement whereby we exchanged with Dr. Chaturvedi 100% of its shares of common stock of IndUS for 3,800,000 shares of common stock of Pivot, upon which Dr. Chaturvedi resigned as Chief Executive Officer and Director. On September 12, 2017, we entered into a licensing agreement with Altum Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Altum”) whereby we were granted worldwide rights to BiPhasix Transdermal Drug Delivery Technology (“BiPhasix Technology”) for the delivery and commercialization of cannabinoids, cannabidiol (“CBD”), and tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) based products. Financial consideration included: · Issuance of 2,500,000 shares of common stock on effective date of agreement · Issuance of 2,500,000 shares of common stock of Pivot upon Health Canada Natural Product Number (“NPN”) approval; · Royalties on annual gross sales; and · For pharmaceutical products, milestone payments payable upon first Investigative New Drug Approval, upon positive outcome of Phase II trial in first indication, and upon New Drug Application approval. On September 23, 2017, we entered into a collaboration and license agreement with SolMic GmbH (“Solmic”) whereby we will acquire worldwide rights to Solmic’s Solubilisation Technology for the development and commercialization of cannabinoid-containing natural extracts. Milestones include payments upon the following developments: 1) Regulatory approval of a natural health product; 2) First approval of an investigative new drug application for a pharmaceutical product; 3) Positive outcome of a Phase II clinical trial of a pharmaceutical product in the first indication; and 4) Approval of a New Drug Application for a pharmaceutical product by the US Food and Drug Administration. Other consideration include a sales milestone upon aggregate net sales of $5,000,000 and royalties on aggregate net sales. On November 7, 2017, we signed a letter of intent to enter into a licensing agreement with Thrudermic LLC (“Thrudermic”) by January 18, 2018, whereby we will acquire worldwide rights for the development and commercialization of the Thrudermic Nano Technology (“TNT”) for all cannabinoids. Consideration will include: · Royalties on annual gross sales upon commercialization of a product; · For natural health products, milestone payments payable upon approval of Health Canada NPN approval and after achievement of $5 million in net sales; and · For pharmaceutical products, milestone payments payable upon first Investigative New Drug Approval, upon positive outcome of Phase II trial in first indication, and upon New Drug Application approval Our principal executive office is located at 1275 West 6th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6H 1A6. Our telephone number is (604) 805-7783. 18 Table of Contents Our Current Business We are an emerging biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development and commercialization of therapeutic pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, as well as drug delivery platform technologies. Our company focuses on pharmaceutical development of proprietary drug delivery technologies for multiple indications using small molecules, biological and botanical (e.g. cannabinoids) products to treat unmet medical needs. We have in-licensed a patented topical transdermal drug delivery technology platform, BiPhasix, and an oral drug delivery technology, Solmic Micelle, for delivery of cannabinoids. Our fully-owned subsidiary, Pivot Green Stream Health Solutions Inc. (“PGS”), focuses on the research, development, and commercialization of cannabinoid based nutraceuticals. PGS will generate data to support the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids as Natural Health Product (“NHPs”) as outlined in Health Canada Regulations in order to make particular health claims. Health Canada publishes the Natural Health Products Regulations (“NHPR”) which set out the requirements governing the sale, manufacture, packaging, labelling, importation, distribution and storage of NHPs. According to Health Canada, the objective of the NHPR is to provide reasonable assurance that products offered for sale in Canada are safe, efficacious and of high quality. PGS may also follow applicable and harmonized regulations for product development and commercialization in the US, European Union and Asia Pacific regions. Alternatively, PGS will commercialize certain cannabinoid products with a Licensed Producer and/or Licensed Distributor as per the regulations concerning Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (“ACMPR”) since certain active ingredients in cannabinoids remain restricted until new legislation permits ease of development and distribution in 2018. Lastly, PGS may also develop products containing cannabinoid active ingredients obtained from industrial hemp according to the Industrial Hemp Regulations (“IHR”) permitting such products provided they are sourced from industrial hemp. Otherwise stated, this means that the plants and plant parts of the genera Cannabis, the leaves and flowering heads of which do not contain more than 0.3% THC w/w, and includes the derivatives of such plants and plant parts. PGS’s pipeline targets indications such as cancer supportive care, pain and inflammation, women’s sexual dysfunction, dermatology and eye disease. Our overall strategy includes the following: 1. Acquire market-ready natural health products from third-parties for rebranding and re-sale; 2. Acquire cannabinoid-based food additives for medical consumer sales; 3. Develop cannabinoid-based natural health products using our BiPhasix topical platform technology; 4. Develop pharmaceutical products delivered using our BiPhasix topical platform technology; 5. Obtain partnerships with Health Canada approved Authorized Licensed Producers and/or Licensed Distributors, which can provide restricted and non-restricted cannabinoids as per the ACMPR or the IHR; 6. Acquire novel proprietary drug delivery technologies, for example, metered dose, intra-nasal, suppositories; 7. Make an application at the appropriate time to acquire Health Canada’s Authorized Licensed Producers and Licensed Dealers licenses as per the ACMPR; 19 Table of Contents   8. Out-license our platform technologies to Licensed Producers or Licensed Distributors and other drug developers; '> 8. Out-license our platform technologies to Licensed Producers or Licensed Distributors and other drug developers;       '>   9. Secure and develop further intellectual property; '> 9. Secure and develop further intellectual property;       '>   10. Opportunistically acquire later‑stage drug candidates that provide new treatment options to address unmet medical needs in health care; and '> 10. Opportunistically acquire later‑stage drug candidates that provide new treatment options to address unmet medical needs in health care; and       '>   11. Establish partnerships with large and specialty pharmaceutical companies and/or biotechnology companies to collaboratively develop and/or commercialize our products. '> 11. Establish partnerships with large and specialty pharmaceutical companies and/or biotechnology companies to collaboratively develop and/or commercialize our products. Our Research and Development Strategy Our management team has implemented a business minded and cost conscious approach to product research and development by focusing on development of novel therapies to address unmet needs in health care. Our research and development strategy will apply novel drug delivery options for new and/or existing drugs or NHPs. For a drug to be successful it must be both efficacious and acceptably safe. Before a drug may be commercially marketed, it must be scrutinized and approved by applicable health authorities (such as Health Canada and the FDA in the United States) in each country or jurisdiction where it is sought to be sold. In pharmaceutical research and development, clinical trials are conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of the drug and the data to be collected for such new drugs. Health authorities then scrutinize the preclinical and clinical data and determine, based on the results, whether a drug may be sold to the public. Similarly, clinical trials can only take place once satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the product and its non-clinical safety, and approval to conduct clinical trials has been granted by the appropriate health authority in the country where the trial is scheduled to take place. Clinical trials involving new drugs are commonly classified into four phases. Each phase of the drug approval process is treated as a separate clinical trial. The drug development process will normally proceed through all four phases over many years. If the drug successfully passes through Phases I, II and III, it will usually be approved by the national regulatory authority for use in the general population. Phase IV trials are ‘post approval’ studies. Due to the considerable cost that may be required to complete a full series of clinical trials, the burden of paying for all the necessary people and services is usually borne by the sponsor, who may be the pharmaceutical or biotechnology company that developed the drug that is the subject of the study. Since the diversity of roles may exceed the resources of the sponsor, clinical trials are often managed by outsourced partners such as contract research organizations. Furthermore, approval rates for new drugs at each clinical trial stage are prohibitively low, which may require the sponsor to finance additional trials or abandon the drug under development altogether. We will also develop products regulated under Canada’s Natural Health Products Guidance and support claims with clinical based data as per current regulations. Preclinical safety studies for pharmaceutical or NHP product development will be conducted over the next 12 months to advance at least one of our product candidates. 20 Table of Contents Our Product Candidates PGS-N005 (Female Sexual Dysfunction CBD Topical Cream) Using our BiPhasix platform technology, we will develop and commercialize a topical cream containing CBDs (“PGS-N005”) for perimenopausal, menopausal and post-menopausal women who have noticed a decline in sexual desire and response, known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Up to 63% of sexually active women in the U.S. might be affected by female sexual dysfunction (“FSD”). While erectile dysfunction in men has been extensively researched, very little has been completed on FSD which can involve reduced sex drive, difficulty becoming aroused, vaginal dryness, lack of orgasm and decreased sexual satisfaction. The FSD market in the U.S. is estimated to exceed $4 billion with over 50 million potential sufferers. 1 PGS-N007 (Psoriasis BiPhasix CBD Topical Cream) Using our BiPhasix platform technology, we will develop and commercialize a topical cream containing CBDs (“PGS-N007”) for psoriasis. Preclinical research has shown that CBD has potent anti-inflammatory properties suggesting that cannabinoids may be helpful for inflammation-related skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. CBD, THC and other cannabinoids are anti-psoriasis agents. Under a psoriasis condition, skin cells are replaced every three to five days rather than the normal 30 days. This excessive and rapid growth of the epidermal layer of the skin generates red, itchy and scaly patches, which may be localized or completely cover the body. 2 Psoriasis is generally considered an autoimmune and genetic disease triggered by environmental factors. Cold, medications, infections, traumas, body and psychological stress may play a role in starting the disease. Psoriasis is not contagious and there is no current cure for it. However, various treatments can control the symptoms. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease, Crohn’s disease and depression. Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30% of individuals with psoriasis. Results of Operations The following summary of our results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements for the period ended October 31, 2017, which are included herein. Our operating results for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended October 31, October 31, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Revenue $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil Amortization $ (8,309 ) $ Nil $ (8,309 ) $ Nil Foreign exchange (gain) loss $ (38,762 ) $ (60,658 ) $ (101,324 ) $ (138,017 ) General and administrative $ (50,480 ) $ (71,301 ) $ (179,410 ) $ (1,045,722 ) Management fees $ (31,941 ) $ (548,407 ) $ (301,714 ) $ (3,917,354 ) Professional fees $ (55,166 ) $ (9,938 ) $ (128,174 ) $ (100,421 ) Total Other Income (Expenses) $ 715,384 $ (264,638 ) $ 924,293 $ (264,638 ) Net Income (Loss) $ 530,726 $ (954,942 ) $ 205,362 $ (5,466,152 ) For the three months ended October 31, 2017, our net income increased by $1,485,668 as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2016. During the three months ended October 31, 2016, $432,658 of share-based compensation was recognized related to vesting of stock options granted to management, directors, consultants and advisors compared to $1,605 for the three months ended October 31, 2017. During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we recognized $80,144 of gain on settlements of debts related to debts converted into shares of our common stock, as well as conversion of accrued liabilities related to our past Chief Executive Officer into a promissory note. In addition, we disposed of IndUS during the three months ended October 31, 2017, which resulted in a gain on disposal of asset of $609,311. ______________ 1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7977139_Female_sexual_dysfunction 2 https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/blog-cbd-can-relieve-psoriasis-by-balancing-immune-systems-response-n423 21 Table of Contents For the nine months ended October 31, 2017, our net income increased by $5,671,514 as compared to the nine months ended October 31, 2016. During the nine months ended October 31, 2016, $4,467,039 of share-based compensation was recognized related to vesting of stock options granted to management, directors, consultants and advisors compared to $2,355 for the nine months ended October 31, 2017. During the nine months ended October 31, 2017, we recognized $240,144 of gain on settlements of debts related to accrued consulting fees forgiven, debts converted into shares of our common stock, as well as conversion of accrued liabilities related to our past Chief Executive Officer into a promissory note. In addition, we disposed of IndUS during the nine months ended October 31, 2017, which resulted in a gain on disposal of asset of $609,311. Revenue We have not earned any revenues since our inception and we do not anticipate earning revenues in the upcoming quarter. Liquidity and Financial Condition Working Capital At At October 31, January 31, 2017 2017 Current Assets $ 295,912 $ 129,758 Current Liabilities $ 150,025 $ 1,606,979 Working Capital (Deficit) $ 145,887 $ (1,477,221 ) Our total current assets as of October 31, 2017 were $295,912 as compared to total current assets of $129,758 as of January 31, 2017. The increase was primarily due to private placements of $223,000 made during the period. Our total current liabilities as of October 31, 2017 were $150,025 as compared to total current liabilities of $1,606,979 as of January 31, 2017. The decrease in current liabilities was primarily attributed to forgiveness of accrued management and consulting fees, accounts payable settled through issuance of shares of our common stock and conversion of convertible debts into shares of our common stock during the nine months ended October 31, 2017. Cash Flows Nine Months Ended October 31, 2017 2016 Net Cash Used In Operating Activities $ (199,711 ) $ (259,828 ) Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities $ 332,625 $ 381,350 Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash $ 5,051 $ 13,414 Increase (Decrease) in Cash During the Period $ 137,965 $ 134,936 Operating Activities During the nine months ended October 31, 2017, our cash used by operating activities decreased by $60,117 when compared to cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2016. The decrease in cash used for operating activities was a result of our company’s efforts at minimizing cash outlays. Investing Activities During the nine months ended October 31, 2017, we acquired a license for worldwide rights to the BiPhasix Technology for the delivery and commercialization of cannabinoids, CBD, and THC based products by issuing 2,500,000 shares of our common stock valued at $250,000. We did not have any investing activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2016. 22 Table of Contents Financing Activities During the nine months ended October 31, 2017, we received $332,625 (2016 - $381,350) in cash from financing activities. In order for our company to expand its operations, we will require additional funds. The required additional funds may be raised through equity financing, debt financing, or other sources, which may result in further dilution in the equity ownership of our shares. There is still no assurance that we will be able to maintain operations at a level sufficient for an investor to obtain a return on his investment in our common stock. Further, we have negative cash flows from operating activities and may continue to be unprofitable. We will need to raise additional funds in the immediate future in order to proceed with our expanded operations. We have negative cash flows from operating activities. If we cannot generate sufficient revenues to operate with positive cash flows from operating activities or are unable to raise additional funds, we may suspend or cease our operations. In order for the Company to expand its operations and pursue its business plans related to development of its product candidates, we will require additional funds. Specifically, we estimate our operating expenses and working capital requirements for the next 12 months for our expanded operations to be as follows: Available Funds / Use of Proceeds (Description) Estimated Expenses (C$) Estimated Expenses (C$) Estimated Expenses (C$) Research and Development Costs Months 1 to 12 Months 12 to 18 Months 18 to 24 Studies of active pharmaceutical ingredient 17,500 - - Stage 1 – BiPhasix cream development without active pharmaceutical ingredient 35,750 - - Stage 2 – BiPhasix cream development with active pharmaceutical ingredient - 145,000 - Scientific data - 66,500 - Supply of active pharmaceutical ingredient - 40,000 40,000 Regulatory - - 115,000 Market commercialization - - 215,000 Sales and Marketing Costs Entertainment and promotion - 5,000 15,000 Investor relations - 30,000 30,000 Travel - 30,000 30,000 Operating Expenses Insurance 10,000 15,000 15,000 Professional fees 60,000 30,000 30,000 Public company expenses 65,000 32,500 32,500 Salaries and benefits 1 - 400,000 400,000 Telephone and internet 6,000 3,000 3,000 Vehicles and transportation 6,000 3,000 3,000 Total: 200,250 800,000 928,500 _______________ 1 The Company’s management team has agreed to defer salaries and benefits and prioritize the allocation of financing to the development budget until sufficient financing is obtained. 23 Table of Contents Based on our planned expenditures, we will require approximately C$200,250 to proceed with the Stage 1 of our business plan over the next 12 months, which is the development of BiPhasix cream without active pharmaceutical ingredients. The objectives that we expect to accomplish are as follows: · Development of topical creams using our BiPhasix technology platform to treat women experiencing HSDD (PGS-N005) and to treat inflammation-related skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema (PGS-N007). · Obtain classification of and commercialize such topical creams as natural health products. The following are significant milestones we expect to accomplish: 1) Stage 1 – Development of BiPhasix cream without active pharmaceutical ingredient: Successful completion of the base cream preparation will involve the cream, loaded with water, meeting manufacturing specifications. Stage 1 milestone will be met if, upon examination of the cream, spherical balls form under a microscope and the product has a semi-solid cream viscosity. 2) Stage 2 – Development of BiPhasix cream with active pharmaceutical ingredient: Proceeding to the Stage 2 milestone, the semi-solid cream will be mixed with an active pharmaceutical ingredient with health benefits to humans. The Company will establish, under a microscope, that the active ingredients form spherical balls containing active ingredients suspended in the semi-solid cream. The product will then be stress-tested under light, heat and cold conditions to ensure stability. After a six month accelerated shelf condition, the product will be considered ready to be released for consumer use. 3) Regulatory approval: In order to support health-related claims, the Company has to meet certain criteria established by Health Canada to obtain a NHP number or designation. Health Canada regulations require steps to be complied with by the Company in order for the topical creams to be sold as NHP approved products. The regulatory milestone will be considered accomplished upon the Company obtaining NHP numbers for its topical creams. Funds raised will be used towards the recruitment of appropriate management and research and development (“R&D”) personnel, as well as towards product development expenditures. Specifically, the funds will be used to cover R&D expenses associated with 1) manufacturing scale-up of PGS-N005 and PGS-N007, funds permitting for PGS-N007, at a GMP-certified, high potency drug manufacturing facility; 2) development and manufacture of formulation of PGS-N005 and PGS-N007, funds permitting for PGS-N007, at a GMP-certified product manufacturing facility for administration of the drug candidates in animals (for safety evaluation) and subsequently to humans 3) submission to appropriate regulatory authorities for NHP registration. 24 Table of Contents Inflation The amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements do not provide for the effect of inflation on our operations or financial position. The net operating losses shown would be greater than reported if the effects of inflation were reflected either by charging operations with amounts that represent replacement costs or by using other inflation adjustments. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our consolidated financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to stockholders. Critical Accounting Policies The discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparing consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. We believe that understanding the basis and nature of the estimates and assumptions involved with the following aspects of our consolidated financial statements is critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to the useful life and recoverability of long-lived assets, assumptions used to determine the fair values of stock-based compensation and derivative liabilities, and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. Our company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by our company may differ materially and adversely from our company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected. Long-lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, our company tests long-lived assets or asset groups for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. Recoverability is assessed based on the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value, which is generally determined based on the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset, as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. 25 Table of Contents Stock-Based Compensation Our company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock-Based Compensation , using the fair value method. All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measures ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements , requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 - Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Level 3 - Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Our company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and amounts due to related parties. Pursuant to ASC 820, the fair value of cash is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and derivative liabilities is determined based on “Level 2” inputs, as determined by observable market data. We believe that the recorded values of all of our other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective maturity dates or durations Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our parent entity, Pivot Pharmaceuticals Inc., is the Canadian dollar and the functional currency of our subsidiary is the US dollar. Our company’s presentation currency is the US dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at rates of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Expenses are translated at average rates for the period. Gains and losses arising on translation or settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in the determination of income. Results of operations are translated into our company’s presentation currency, US dollars, at an appropriate average rate of exchange during the year. Net assets and liabilities are translated to US dollars for presentation purposes at rates of exchange in effect at the end of the period. Gains or losses arising on translation are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) as foreign currency translation adjustments. 26 Table of Contents Recent Accounting Pronouncements Our company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact our consolidated financial statements and we do not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.