AMERICAN TOWER CORP /MA/ 10-K

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures We have established disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023 and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 57 Table of Contents Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and our Board regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) . Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statements included in this Annual Report, has issued an attestation report on management’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included in this Item 9A under the caption “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.” Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 58 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of American Tower Corporation Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of American Tower Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, of the Company and our report dated February 27, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Boston, Massachusetts February 27, 2024 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION. (c) Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies Rule 10b5-1 Plans Rodney M. Smith , our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer , entered into a pre-arranged stock trading plan on November 9, 2023 . Mr. Smith’s plan provides for the potential exercise of vested stock options and associated sale of up to 23,019 shares of our common stock between March 1, 2024 and March 8, 2024. 59 Table of Contents Samme Thompson , one of our Director s, entered into a pre-arranged stock trading plan on October 27, 2023 . Mr. Thompson’s plan provides for the potential exercise of vested stock options and associated sale of up to 5,054 shares of our common stock between February 26, 2024 and March 8, 2024. Each of these trading plans was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act and our policies regarding transactions in our securities. Generally, these trading plans pre-establish the amounts, prices and dates of future purchases or sales of our stock, including shares issued upon the exercise or vesting of equity awards. Under these trading plans, the individual director or officer relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after, significant company events. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS. Not applicable. 60 Table of Contents PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Our executive officers and their respective ages and positions as of February 20, 2024 are set forth below: Steven O. Vondran 53 President and Chief Executive Officer Rodney M. Smith 58 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Thomas A. Bartlett 65 Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer (until May 1, 2024) Ruth T. Dowling 54 Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary Sanjay Goel 56 Executive Vice President and President, Asia-Pacific Robert J. Meyer 60 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer Eugene M. Noel 55 Executive Vice President and President, U.S. Tower Division Olivier Puech 56 Executive Vice President and President, Latin America and EMEA Steven O. Vondran is our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Vondran joined us in 2000 as a member of our corporate legal team and served in a variety of positions until August 2004 when he was appointed Senior Vice President of our U.S. Leasing Operations. In August 2010, Mr. Vondran was appointed Senior Vice President, General Counsel of our U.S. Tower Division and served in that role until August 2018, when he was appointed Executive Vice President, U.S. Tower Division, a role that he served in until November 2023. Mr. Vondran joined the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) Board in September 2018, and, in October 2018, he joined the Board of Directors for the Wireless Infrastructure Association (WIA). Prior to joining us, Mr. Vondran was an associate at the law firm of Lewellen & Frazier LLP, served as a telecommunications consultant with the firm of Young & Associates, Inc., and was a Law Clerk to the Hon. John Stroud on the Arkansas Court of Appeals. He received his J.D. with high honors from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Business from Hendrix College. Rodney M. Smith is our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Smith joined us in October 2009, and previously held the roles of Senior Vice President, Corporate Finance and Treasurer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of American Tower's U.S. Tower Division. Prior to joining us, Mr. Smith served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and as a general Board Member of Lightower, a private equity backed wireless infrastructure company. Prior to Lightower, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (and earlier as Vice President and Controller) for RoweCom, a publicly traded company with operations in eight countries. Early in his career, Mr. Smith held several leadership positions at Nextel Communications, including Director of Finance and General Manager of one of the company's Northeast markets. Mr. Smith earned his M.B.A from Suffolk University, a Certificate of Accountancy from Bentley University and a Bachelor of Science in Finance from Merrimack College. He also serves as co-Executive Sponsor of American Tower’s employee resource group for women, WAATCH. Thomas A. Bartlett is currently advisor to the Chief Executive Officer, a role he is expected to hold until his retirement from the Company on May 1, 2024. Prior to such role, Mr. Bartlett served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since March 2020. Mr. Bartlett joined us in April 2009 and served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer until March 2020, and also served as our Treasurer from February 2012 to December 2013, and again from July 2017 to August 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bartlett served as Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller with Verizon Communications. During his 25-year career with Verizon Communications and its predecessor companies and affiliates, he served in numerous operations and business development roles, including as President and Chief Executive Officer of Bell Atlantic International Wireless from 1995 through 2000, where he was responsible for wireless activities in certain regions of North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia. In addition, Mr. Bartlett served as CEO of Iusacell, a publicly traded, nationwide cellular company in Mexico, CEO of Verizon's Global Solutions Inc., a global connectivity business providing lit and dark fiber services primarily to global enterprises, and as an Area President for Verizon’s U.S. wireless business, where he was responsible for all operational aspects of the business in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. He began his career at Deloitte, Haskins & Sells. Mr. Bartlett is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Board of Governors, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trust (NAREIT) Executive Committee and the Business Roundtable. He currently serves on the Board of Directors of Otis Worldwide Corporation, sits on the Samaritans advisory council, is on the Board of Advisors of the Rutgers Business School and is on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Presidential CEO Advisory Board. He earned an M.B.A. from Rutgers University and a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering from Lehigh University. Ruth T. Dowling is our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. She is also a member of the Board of Directors for ATC Europe and CoreSite. Since joining us in 2011, Ms. Dowling has served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Legal, and, most recently, as Senior Vice President and General Counsel for the EMEA and Latin 61 Table of Contents America regions. In addition, she led American Tower’s Global Remobilization Project Team to care for the safety and well-being of employees during the pandemic. Prior to joining American Tower, Ms. Dowling was a partner and co-chair of the 150-member litigation department at Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge LLP and clerked for the Honorable Fred I. Parker of the United States Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Ms. Dowling earned her law degree from Duke University School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. She also serves as co-Executive Sponsor of American Tower’s employee resource group for women, WAATCH. Sanjay Goel is our Executive Vice President and President, Asia-Pacific. Mr. Goel joined us in March 2021. Prior to joining us, Mr. Goel was with Nokia, where he started in the mobile networks division in 2001. During his time at Nokia, he held various sales and business management positions, including Head of the Managed Services Business Line for Asia Pacific, Japan and India and Vice President of the Global Services Business Unit, APAC and Japan. Mr. Goel also led Nokia’s Global Services business across Asia, the Middle East and Africa, and created a new sales and business development division within Global Services, based in Finland. Most recently, he served as President of the Global Services business group and Nokia Operations. Mr. Goel began his career at ABB and IBM, prior to joining Nokia. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering with specialization in Electronics and Communications from Manipal Institute of Technology. Robert J. Meyer is our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. Mr. Meyer joined us in August 2008 as our Senior Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller and served in that role until January 2020 when he was appointed to his current position. Prior to joining us, Mr. Meyer was with Bright Horizons Family Solutions since 1998, a provider of child care, early education and work/life consulting services, where he most recently served as Chief Accounting Officer. Mr. Meyer also served as Corporate Controller and Vice President of Finance while at Bright Horizons. Prior to that, from 1997 to 1998, Mr. Meyer served as Director of Financial Planning and Analysis at First Security Services Corp. Mr. Meyer earned a Masters in Finance from Bentley University and a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Marquette University, and is a Certified Public Accountant. Eugene M. Noel is our Executive Vice President and President, U.S. Tower Division. Prior to this role, Mr. Noel served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, U.S. Tower Division, and has been with American Tower since 2011. Mr. Noel has more than 25 years of network deployment experience in the telecommunications industry. Prior to joining us, he was Vice President of Network Development for LightSquared (now Ligado Networks), with responsibility for the development and implementation of the company’s national network deployment strategy. He spent 11 years with Sprint Nextel, beginning as Director of Radio Services, then becoming Vice President for Northeast Site Development, and finally becoming Vice President for National Site Development. Mr. Noel is a graduate of East Carolina University with a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering and has earned an Executive Certificate from the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. Mr. Noel is a board member of the Tower Families Foundation and a former board member of Warriors for Wireless. Olivier Puech is our Executive Vice President and President, Latin America and EMEA. Mr. Puech joined us in 2013 as Senior Vice President and CEO of Latin America and served in that role until October 2018 when he was appointed to his current position. Prior to joining us, Mr. Puech spent 25 years as a senior executive in the telecom and internet sectors of international organizations. Most recently, he was with Nokia where he held various leadership roles including Senior Vice President Americas, Senior Vice President Asia Pacific and Vice President Latin America. Before Nokia, Mr. Puech spent 12 years at Gemalto, where he last held the position of Vice President, Sales and Marketing with responsibility for South Europe, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Mr. Puech holds a Bachelor’s degree in International Business Administration from Ecole Supérieure De Commerce in Marseille, in France. He is fluent in English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. The information under “Election of Directors” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” if applicable, from the Definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item pursuant to Item 407(c)(3) of SEC Regulation S-K relating to our procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our Board, and pursuant to Item 407(d)(4) and 407(d)(5) of SEC Regulation S-K relating to our audit committee financial experts and identification of the audit committee of our Board, is contained in the Definitive Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding our Code of Conduct applicable to our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, our controller and other senior financial officers appears in Item 1 of this Annual Report under the caption “Business—Available Information.” 62 Table of Contents ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information under “Compensation and Other Information Concerning Directors and Officers” from the Definitive Proxy Statement, except as to information required pursuant to Item 402(v) of SEC Regulation S-K relating to pay versus performance, is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” from the Definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Information required by this item pursuant to Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K relating to approval of related party transactions is contained in the Definitive Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item pursuant to Item 407(a) of SEC Regulation S-K relating to director independence is contained in the Definitive Proxy Statement under “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information under “Independent Auditor Fees and Other Matters” from the Definitive Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. 63 Table of Contents PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report: 1. Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, which appears on page F-1 hereof. The financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed herewith in response to this Item. 2. Financial Statement Schedules. American Tower Corporation and Subsidiaries Schedule III – Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation is filed herewith in response to this Item. 3. Exhibits. Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Company has filed certain agreements as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These agreements may contain representations and warranties by the parties. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other party or parties to such agreements and (i) may have been qualified by disclosures made to such other party or parties, (ii) were made only as of the date of such agreements or such other date(s) as may be specified in such agreements and are subject to more recent developments, which may not be fully reflected in the Company’s public disclosure, (iii) may reflect the allocation of risk among the parties to such agreements and (iv) may apply materiality standards different from what may be viewed as material to investors. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the Company’s actual state of affairs at the date hereof and should not be relied upon. The exhibits below are included, either by being filed herewith or by incorporation by reference, as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exhibits are identified according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of SEC Regulation S-K. Documents that are incorporated by reference are identified by their Exhibit number as set forth in the filing from which they are incorporated by reference. Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between American Tower Corporation and American Tower REIT, Inc., dated as of August 24, 2011 8-K 001-14195 August 25, 2011 2.1 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of December 31, 2011 8-K 001-14195 January 3, 2012 3.1 3.2 Certificate of Merger, effective as of December 31, 2011 8-K 001-14195 January 3, 2012 3.2 3.3 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company, effective as of December 13, 2023 8-K 001-14195 December 14, 2023 3.1 3.4 Certificate of Designations of the 5.25% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of May 12, 2014 8-K 001-14195 May 12, 2014 3.1 3.5 Certificate of Designations of the 5.50% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B, of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of March 3, 2015 8-K 001-14195 March 3, 2015 3.1 4.1 Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee S-3ASR 333-188812 May 23, 2013 4.12 4.2 Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of August 19, 2013, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 5.00% Senior Notes due 2024 8-K 001-14195 August 19, 2013 4.1 64 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 4.3 Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of May 7, 2015, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 4.000% Senior Notes due 2025 8-K 001-14195 May 7, 2015 4.1 4.4 Supplemental Indenture No. 4, dated as of January 12, 2016, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 4.400% Senior Notes due 2026 8-K 001-14195 January 12, 2016 4.1 4.5 Supplemental Indenture No. 5, dated as of May 13, 2016, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.375% Senior Notes due 2026 8-K 001-14195 May 13, 2016 4.1 4.6 Supplemental Indenture No. 6, dated as of September 30, 2016, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.125% Senior Notes due 2027 8-K 001-14195 September 30, 2016 4.1 4.7 Supplemental Indenture No. 7, dated as of April 6, 2017, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and among the Company, U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 1.375% Senior Notes due 2025 8-K 001-14195 April 6, 2017 4.1 4.8 Supplemental Indenture No. 8, dated as of June 30, 2017, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.55% Senior Notes due 2027 8-K 001-14195 June 30, 2017 4.1 4.9 Supplemental Indenture No. 9, dated as of December 8, 2017, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.600% Senior Notes due 2028 8-K 001-14195 December 8, 2017 4.1 4.10 Supplemental Indenture No. 10, dated as of May 22, 2018, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and among the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 1.950% Senior Notes due 2026 8-K 001-14195 May 22, 2018 4.1 4.11 Supplemental Indenture No. 11, dated as of March 15, 2019, to Indenture dated as of May 23, 2013, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.375% Senior Notes due 2024 and the 3.950% Senior Notes due 2029 8-K 001-14195 March 15, 2019 4.1 4.12 Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee S-3ASR 333-231931 June 4, 2019 4.22 4.13 Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of June 13, 2019, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 2.950% Senior Notes due 2025 and the 3.800% Senior Notes due 2029 8-K 001-14195 June 13, 2019 4.1 65 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 4.14 Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of October 3, 2019, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 2.750% Senior Notes due 2027 and the 3.700% Senior Notes due 2049 8-K 001-14195 October 3, 2019 4.1 4.15 Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of January 10, 2020, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 2.400% Senior Notes due 2025 and the 2.900% Senior Notes due 2030 8-K 001-14195 January 10, 2020 4.1 4.16 Supplemental Indenture No. 4, dated as of June 3, 2020, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 1.300% Senior Notes due 2025, the 2.100% Senior Notes due 2030 and the 3.100% Senior Notes due 2050 8-K 001-14195 June 3, 2020 4.1 4.17 Supplemental Indenture No. 5, dated as of September 10, 2020, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and among the Company, U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 0.500% Senior Notes due 2028 and the 1.000% Senior Notes due 2032 8-K 001-14195 September 10, 2020 4.1 4.18 Supplemental Indenture No. 6, dated as of September 28, 2020, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 1.875% Senior Notes due 2030 8-K 001-14195 September 28, 2020 4.1 4.19 Supplemental Indenture No. 7, dated as of November 20, 2020, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 0.600% Senior Notes due 2024, the 1.500% Senior Notes due 2028 and the 2.950% Senior Notes due 2051 8-K 001-14195 November 20, 2020 4.1 4.20 Supplemental Indenture No. 8, dated as of March 29, 2021, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 1.600% Senior Notes due 2026 and the 2.700% Senior Notes due 2031 8-K 001-14195 March 29, 2021 4.1 4.21 Supplemental Indenture No. 9, dated as of May 21, 2021, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and among the Company, U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 0.450% Senior Notes due 2027, the 0.875% Senior Notes due 2029 and the 1.250% Senior Notes due 2033 8-K 001-14195 May 21, 2021 4.1 4.22 Supplemental Indenture No. 10, dated as of September 27, 2021, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, for the 1.450% Senior Notes due 2026 and the 2.300% Senior Notes due 2031 8-K 001-14195 September 27, 2021 4.1 66 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 4.23 Supplemental Indenture No. 11, dated as of October 5, 2021, to Indenture dated as of June 4, 2019, by and among the Company, U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 0.400% Senior Notes due 2027 and the 0.950% Senior Notes due 2030 8-K 001-14195 October 5, 2021 4.1 4.24 Supplemental Indenture No. 12, dated as of April 1, 2022, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, for the 3.650% Senior Notes due 2027 and the 4.050% Senior Notes due 2032 8-K 001-14195 April 1, 2022 4.1 4.25 Indenture dated as of June 1, 2022, by and between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee S-3ASR 333-265348 June 1, 2022 4.32 4.26 Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of March 3, 2023, to Indenture dated as of June 1, 2022, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, for the 5.500% Senior Notes due 2028 and the 5.650% Senior Notes due 2033 8-K 001-14195 March 3, 2023 4.1 4.27 Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of May 16, 2023, to Indenture dated as of June 1, 2022 by and among the Company, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, and Elavon Financial Services DAC, UK Branch, as Paying Agent, for the 4.125% Senior Notes due 2027 and the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2031 8-K 001-14195 May 16, 2023 4.1 4.28 Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of May 25, 2023, to Indenture dated as of June 1, 2022, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, for the 5.250% Senior Notes due 2028 and the 5.550% Senior Notes due 2033 8-K 001-14195 May 25, 2023 4.1 4.29 Supplemental Indenture No. 4, dated as of September 15, 2023, to Indenture dated as of June 1, 2022, by and between American Tower Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee, for the 5.800% Senior Notes due 2028 and the 5.900% Senior Notes due 2033 8-K 001-14195 September 15, 2023 4.1 4.30 Third Amended and Restated Indenture, dated May 29, 2015, by and between GTP Acquisition Partners I, LLC, ACC Tower Sub, LLC, DCS Tower Sub, LLC, GTP South Acquisitions II, LLC, GTP Acquisition Partners II, LLC, GTP Acquisition Partners, III, LLC, GTP Infrastructure I, LLC, GTP Infrastructure II, LLC, GTP Infrastructure III, LLC, GTP Towers VIII, LLC, GTP Towers I, LLC, GTP Towers II, LLC, GTP Towers IV, LLC, GTP Towers V, LLC, GTP Towers VII, LLC, GTP Towers IX, LLC, PCS Structures Towers, LLC and GTP TRS I LLC, as Obligors, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as Trustee 10-Q 001-14195 July 29, 2015 4.2 4.31 Series 2015-2 Supplement, dated May 29, 2015, to the Third Amended and Restated Indenture dated May 29, 2015 10-Q 001-14195 July 29, 2015 4.4 67 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 4.32 Description of Registrant’s Securities Filed herewith as Exhibit 4.32 — — — 10.1 American Tower Corporation 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated 10-Q 001-14195 October 28, 2021 10.1 10.2* American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan DEF 14A 001-14195 March 22, 2017 Annex A 10.3* Amendment to American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan 8-K 001-14195 March 14, 2017 10.1 10.4* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (U.S. Employee / Non-Employee Director) (For grants made beginning March 1, 2019 - December 4, 2022 (Non-Employee Directors) / September 30, 2023 (U.S. Employees)) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-K 001-14195 February 27, 2019 10.10 10.5* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Non-U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning March 1, 2019) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-K 001-14195 February 27, 2019 10.11 10.6* Form of Notice of Grant of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement (U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning April 11, 2020) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 8-K/A 001-14195 April 16, 2020 10.1 10.7* Form of Notice of Grant of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Non-U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning June 1, 2021) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 July 29, 2021 10.1 10.8* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Non-Employee Director) (For grants made beginning December 5, 2022) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-K 001-14195 February 23, 2023 10.9 10.9* Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement (U.S. Employee) (For grants made October 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 October 26, 2023 10.1 10.10* Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Non-U.S. Employee) (For grants made October 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 October 26, 2023 10.2 10.11* Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Non-Employee Director) (For grants made beginning October 1, 2023) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 October 26, 2023 10.3 10.12* Form of Notice of Grant of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement (U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning October 1, 2023) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 October 26, 2023 10.4 68 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 10.13* Form of Notice of Grant of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Non-U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning October 1, 2023) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended 10-Q 001-14195 October 26, 2023 10.5 10.14* Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement (U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning January 1, 2024) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.14 — — — 10.15* Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Non-U.S. Employee) (For grants made beginning January 1, 2024) Pursuant to the American Tower Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.15 — — — 10.16 Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and between American Tower Asset Sub, LLC and American Tower Assets Sub II, LLC, as Borrowers, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee for American Tower Trust I, as Lender 10-Q 001-14195 May 2, 2018 10.2 10.17 Second Supplement and Amendment dated as of March 13, 2023 to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among American Tower Asset Sub, LLC and American Tower Asset Sub II, LLC, as Borrowers, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee for American Tower Trust I Secured Tower Revenue Securities as Lender 10-Q 001-14195 April 26, 2023 10.1 10.18 First Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2013, by and between American Tower Asset Sub, LLC and American Tower Asset Sub II, LLC, as Owners, and SpectraSite Communications, LLC, as Manager 10-Q 001-14195 May 1, 2013 10.2 10.19 Second Amended and Restated Trust and Servicing Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among American Tower Depositor Sub, LLC, as Depositor, Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association, as Servicer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee 10-Q 001-14195 May 2, 2018 10.3 10.20 Second Trust Agreement Supplement and Amendment dated as of March 13, 2023 to Second Amended and Restated Trust and Servicing Agreement dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among American Tower Depositor Sub, LLC, as Depositor, Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association, as Servicer, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee 10-Q 001-14195 April 26, 2023 10.3 10.21 Second Amended and Restated Cash Management Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among American Tower Asset Sub, LLC and American Tower Asset Sub II, LLC, as Borrowers, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee for American Tower Trust I Secured Tower Revenue Securities, as Lender, Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association, as Servicer, U.S. Bank National Association, as Agent, and SpectraSite Communications, LLC, as Manager 10-Q 001-14195 May 2, 2018 10.4 69 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 10.22 First Amendment dated as of March 13, 2023 to the Second Amended and Restated Cash Management Agreement dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among American Tower Asset Sub, LLC, American Tower Asset Sub II, LLC, the Borrowers party thereto, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee for American Tower Trust I Secured Tower Revenue Securities as Lender, Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association, as Servicer, U.S. Bank National Association, as Agent, and Spectrasite Communications, LLC, as Manager 10-Q 001-14195 April 26, 2023 10.2 10.23 Agreement to Sublease by and among ALLTEL Communications, Inc. the ALLTEL entities and American Towers, Inc. and American Tower Corporation, dated December 19, 2000 10-K 001-14195 April 2, 2001 2.2 10.24 Lease and Sublease, dated as of December 14, 2000, by and among SBC Tower Holdings LLC, Southern Towers, Inc., SBC Wireless, LLC and SpectraSite Holdings, Inc. SpectraSite Holdings, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 000-27217 May 11, 2001 10.2 10.25** Amendment to Lease and Sublease, dated September 30, 2008, by and between SpectraSite, LLC, American Tower Asset Sub II, LLC, SBC Wireless, LLC and SBC Tower Holdings LLC 10-Q 001-14195 May 8, 2009 10.7 10.26* Summary Compensation Information for Current Named Executive Officers 8-K 001-14195 March 1, 2022 Item 5.02(e) 10.27 Form of Waiver and Termination Agreement 8-K 001-14195 March 5, 2009 10.4 10.28* American Tower Corporation Severance Plan, as Amended and Restated, as of January 1, 2024 Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.28 — — — 10.29* American Tower Corporation Severance Plan, Program for Executive Vice Presidents and Chief Executive Officer, as of January 1, 2024 Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.29 — — — 10.30* Letter Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2023, by and between the Company and Eugene M. Noel Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.30 — — — 10.31* Letter Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2024, by and between the Company and Steven O. Vondran Filed herewith as Exhibit 10.31 — — — 70 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 10.32 3-Year Term Loan Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2021, among the Company, as Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, TD Securities (USA), LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. as Syndication Agents, BofA Securities, Inc., TD Securities (USA), LLC, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., RBC Capital Markets and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Co-Documentation Agents 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2021 10.45 10.33 First Amendment to 3-Year Term Loan Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021, among the Company, as Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and certain other lenders under the Company’s 3-Year Term Loan Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2021 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2022 10.28 10.34 Third Amended and Restated Multicurrency Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021, among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as Borrower, Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender, BofA Securities, Inc., TD Securities (USA) LLC, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., RBC Capital Markets and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as Syndication Agent, and BofA Securities, Inc., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Co-Documentation Agents 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2022 10.29 10.35 Amendment No. 1 to the Third Amended and Restated Multicurrency Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2023, among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries as borrowers, Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as administrative agent, and a majority of lenders under the Third Amended and Restated Multicurrency Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021 10-Q 001-14195 July 27, 2023 10.2 10.36 Fourth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021, among the Company, as Borrower s , Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender, BofA Securities, Inc., TD Securities (USA) LLC, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., RBC Capital Markets and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as Syndication Agent, and BofA Securities, Inc., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Co-Documentation Agents 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2022 10.30 71 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 10.37 Amendment No. 1 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2023, among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries as borrowers, Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as administrative agent, and a majority of lenders under the Fourth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021 10-Q 001-14195 July 27, 2023 10.3 10.38 Second Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021, among the Company, as Borrower, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as Administrative Agent; TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Syndication Agent, Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC and Royal Bank of Canada as Co-Documentation Agents, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., TD Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Bank PLC, BofA Securities, Inc., Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC and RBC Capital Markets as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and the several other lenders that are parties thereto 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2022 10.31 10.39 Amendment No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2023, among the Company, as borrower, Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as administrative agent, and a majority of the lenders under the Second Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021 10-Q 001-14195 July 27, 2023 10.1 10.40 Master Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2015, among the Company and Verizon Communications Inc. 10-K 001-14195 February 24, 2015 10.45 10.41 Master Prepaid Lease, dated as of March 27, 2015, among certain subsidiaries of the Company and Verizon Communications Inc. 10-Q 001-14195 April 30, 2015 10.8 10.42 Sale Site Master Lease Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2015, among certain subsidiaries of the Company, Verizon Communications Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries 10-Q 001-14195 April 30, 2015 10.9 10.43 MPL Site Master Lease Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2015, among Verizon Communications Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries and ATC Sequoia LLC 10-Q 001-14195 April 30, 2015 10.10 10.44 Management Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2015, among Verizon Communications Inc., and certain of its subsidiaries and ATC Sequoia LLC 10-Q 001-14195 April 30, 2015 10.11 10.45 Agreement For the Sale and Purchase of the Towers Europe Division of Telxius Telecom, S.A., dated as of January 13, 2021, between Telxius Telecom, S.A. and American Tower International, Inc. 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2021 10.41 10.46 Agreement For the Sale and Purchase of the Towers LatAm Division of Telxius Telecom, S.A., dated as of January 13, 2021, between Telxius Telecom, S.A. and American Tower International, Inc. 10-K 001-14195 February 25, 2021 10.42 72 Table of Contents Incorporated By Reference Exhibit No. Description of Document Form File No. Date of Filing Exhibit No. 21 Subsidiaries of the Company Filed herewith as Exhibit 21 — — — 23 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Deloitte & Touche LLP Filed herewith as Exhibit 23 — — — 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed herewith as Exhibit 31.1 — — — 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed herewith as Exhibit 31.2 — — — 32 Certifications filed pursuant to 18. U.S.C. Section 1350 Filed herewith as Exhibit 32 — — — 97 American Tower Corporation Compensation Recovery Policy Filed herewith as Exhibit 97 — — — 101 The following materials from American Tower Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): 101.SCH—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.LAB—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 101.DEF—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Filed herewith as Exhibit 101 — — — 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) — — — — * Management contracts and compensatory plans and arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 15(a)(3). ** The exhibit has been filed separately with the Commission pursuant to an application for confidential treatment. The confidential portions of the exhibit have been omitted and are marked by an asterisk. 73 Table of Contents ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 74 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 27th day of February, 2024. A MERICAN T OWER C ORPORATION By: / S / STEVEN O. VONDRAN Steven O. Vondran President and Chief Executive Officer 75 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been duly signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date / S / STEVEN O. VONDRAN President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Director February 27, 2024 Steven O. Vondran / S / RODNEY M. SMITH Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) February 27, 2024 Rodney M. Smith / S / ROBERT J. MEYER Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 27, 2024 Robert J. Meyer / S / KELLY C. CHAMBLISS Director February 27, 2024 Kelly C. Chambliss / S / TERESA H. CLARKE Director February 27, 2024 Teresa H. Clarke / S / RAYMOND P. DOLAN Director February 27, 2024 Raymond P. Dolan / S / KENNETH R. FRANK Director February 27, 2024 Kenneth R. Frank / S / ROBERT D. HORMATS Director February 27, 2024 Robert D. Hormats / S / GRACE D. LIEBLEIN Director February 27, 2024 Grace D. Lieblein / S / CRAIG MACNAB Director February 27, 2024 Craig Macnab / S / JOANN A. REED Director February 27, 2024 JoAnn A. Reed / S / PAMELA D. A. REEVE Chair of the Board, Director February 27, 2024 Pamela D. A. Reeve /S/ BRUCE L. TANNER Director February 27, 2024 Bruce L. Tanner /S/ SAMME L. THOMPSON Director February 27, 2024 Samme L. Thompson 76 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34 ) 2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 4 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 5 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 6 Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 7 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 9 F-1 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of American Tower Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of American Tower Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 27, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Determination of fair value of the Spain reporting unit - Refer to Notes 1, 5, 11, and 16 to the financial statements. Critical Audit Matter Description The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company’s evaluation of recovery of goodwill involves the comparison of the carrying amount of a reporting unit, inclusive of allocated goodwill, to the fair value of the applicable reporting unit. If goodwill is determined to be impaired, the amount of impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. Fair value is generally determined using discounted forecasted cash flows. The Company performed its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2023 for the Spain reporting unit. The resulting fair value was compared to the reporting unit’s carrying amount, which indicated that the carrying amount exceeded the estimated fair value. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $80.0 million in the consolidated statement of operations. The remaining goodwill allocated to the Spain reporting unit as of December 31, 2023 was $737.6 million. We identified the determination of the fair value of the Spain reporting unit, along with the resulting impairment charge, as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. There F-2 Table of Contents was a high degree of auditor judgment in evaluating management’s assumptions and estimates related to revenue growth rate, margin projections, and discount rate used in the determination of fair value based upon a discounted cash flow model. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the determination of fair value of the Spain reporting unit and the recording of a goodwill impairment charge included the following, among others: • We tested the effectiveness of internal controls over management’s goodwill impairment evaluation, including those over the determination of the fair value of the Spain reporting unit. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s future contracted revenue, revenue growth rates, and margin projections used in the discounted cash flow model to: ◦ Historical results. ◦ Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors and external communications to investors. ◦ Forecasted information included in analyst and industry reports for the Company and the Spanish market. • With the assistance of our business valuation specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model. • We recalculated the carrying amount of the reporting unit. • We reperformed the comparison of the fair value to the carrying amount and recalculated the amount of the resulting impairment charge. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Boston, Massachusetts February 27, 2024 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1997. F-3 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in millions, except share count and per share data) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,973.3 $ 2,028.4 Restricted cash 120.1 112.3 Accounts receivable, net 669.7 758.3 Prepaid and other current assets 946.9 723.3 Total current assets 3,710.0 3,622.3 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net 19,788.8 19,998.3 GOODWILL 12,639.0 12,956.7 OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net 16,520.7 17,983.3 DEFERRED TAX ASSET 179.1 129.2 DEFERRED RENT ASSET 3,521.8 3,039.1 RIGHT-OF-USE ASSET 8,878.8 8,918.9 NOTES RECEIVABLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS 789.4 546.7 TOTAL $ 66,027.6 $ 67,194.5 LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable $ 258.7 $ 218.6 Accrued expenses 1,280.6 1,344.2 Distributions payable 906.2 745.3 Accrued interest 387.0 261.0 Current portion of operating lease liability 794.6 788.9 Current portion of long-term obligations 3,187.5 4,514.2 Unearned revenue 434.7 439.7 Total current liabilities 7,249.3 8,311.9 LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS 35,734.0 34,156.0 OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY 7,438.7 7,591.9 ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS 2,158.2 2,047.4 DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY 1,361.4 1,492.0 OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES 1,220.6 1,186.8 Total liabilities 55,162.2 54,786.0 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES EQUITY (shares in thousands): Common stock: $ 0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 477,300 and 476,623 shares issued; and 466,296 and 465,619 shares outstanding, respectively 4.8 4.8 Additional paid-in capital 14,872.9 14,689.0 Distributions in excess of earnings ( 3,638.8 ) ( 2,101.9 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 5,739.5 ) ( 5,718.3 ) Treasury stock ( 11,004 shares at cost) ( 1,301.2 ) ( 1,301.2 ) Total American Tower Corporation equity 4,198.2 5,572.4 Noncontrolling interests 6,667.2 6,836.1 Total equity 10,865.4 12,408.5 TOTAL $ 66,027.6 $ 67,194.5 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in millions, except share and per share data) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 REVENUES: Property $ 11,001.2 $ 10,470.0 $ 9,109.6 Services 143.0 241.1 247.3 Total operating revenues 11,144.2 10,711.1 9,356.9 OPERATING EXPENSES: Costs of operations (exclusive of items shown separately below): Property 3,200.5 3,156.4 2,585.3 Services 60.1 107.4 96.7 Depreciation, amortization and accretion 3,086.5 3,355.1 2,332.6 Selling, general, administrative and development expense 992.5 972.3 811.6 Other operating expenses 377.7 767.6 398.7 Goodwill impairment 402.0 — — Total operating expenses 8,119.3 8,358.8 6,224.9 OPERATING INCOME 3,024.9 2,352.3 3,132.0 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest income 143.4 71.6 40.4 Interest expense ( 1,398.2 ) ( 1,136.5 ) ( 870.9 ) Loss on retirement of long-term obligations ( 0.3 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 38.2 ) Other (expense) income (including foreign currency (losses) gains of $( 330.8 ), $ 449.4 , and $ 557.9 respectively) ( 248.5 ) 433.7 566.1 Total other expense ( 1,503.6 ) ( 631.6 ) ( 302.6 ) INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES 1,521.3 1,720.7 2,829.4 Income tax provision ( 154.2 ) ( 24.0 ) ( 261.8 ) NET INCOME 1,367.1 1,696.7 2,567.6 Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 116.2 69.1 0.1 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ 1,483.3 $ 1,765.8 $ 2,567.7 NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE AMOUNTS: Basic net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders $ 3.18 $ 3.83 $ 5.69 Diluted net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders $ 3.18 $ 3.82 $ 5.66 WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING (in thousands): BASIC 466,063 461,519 451,498 DILUTED 467,162 462,750 453,294 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income $ 1,367.1 $ 1,696.7 $ 2,567.6 Other comprehensive (loss) income: Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, each net of tax expense of $ 0 — — ( 0.0 ) Reclassification of unrealized losses on cash flow hedges to net income, each net of tax expense of $ 0 — — 0.1 Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax expense (benefit) of $ 0.3 , $( 0.8 ), and $( 0.0 ), respectively. 60.2 ( 1,165.0 ) ( 1,150.2 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 60.2 ( 1,165.0 ) ( 1,150.1 ) Comprehensive income 1,427.3 531.7 1,417.5 Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 34.8 254.7 169.6 Allocation of accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from purchases of noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interests — — 1.1 Comprehensive income attributable to American Tower Corporation stockholders $ 1,462.1 $ 786.4 $ 1,588.2 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (in millions, share counts in thousands) Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Distributions in Excess of Earnings Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity Issued Shares Amount Shares Amount BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2021 455,245 $ 4.6 ( 10,915 ) $ ( 1,282.4 ) $ 10,473.7 $ ( 3,759.4 ) $ ( 1,343.0 ) $ 474.9 $ 4,568.4 Stock-based compensation related activity (1) 1,448 0.0 — — 167.9 — — — 167.9 Issuance of common stock—stock purchase plan 68 0.0 — — 14.3 — — — 14.3 Issuance of common stock 9,900 0.1 — — 2,361.7 — — — 2,361.8 Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax — — — — — ( 0.0 ) — — ( 0.0 ) Reclassification of unrealized losses on cash flow hedges to net income, net of tax — — — — — 0.1 — — 0.1 Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax — — — — — ( 980.7 ) — ( 163.4 ) ( 1,144.1 ) Adjustment to noncontrolling interest — — — — ( 648.4 ) 47.4 — 601.0 — Contributions from noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — 3,078.2 3,078.2 Distributions to noncontrolling interest — — — — ( 214.9 ) — — ( 3.1 ) ( 218.0 ) Redemption of noncontrolling interest 26 0.0 — — 1.7 — — ( 1.7 ) — Purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interests — — — — 84.2 ( 46.3 ) — — 37.9 Purchase of noncontrolling interest — — — — — — — 10.2 10.2 Common stock distributions declared — — — — — — ( 2,367.1 ) — ( 2,367.1 ) Net income (loss) — — — — — — 2,567.7 ( 7.7 ) 2,560.0 BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2021 466,687 $ 4.7 ( 10,915 ) $ ( 1,282.4 ) $ 12,240.2 $ ( 4,738.9 ) $ ( 1,142.4 ) $ 3,988.4 $ 9,069.6 Stock-based compensation related activity 676 0.0 — — 141.9 — — — 141.9 Issuance of common stock—stock purchase plan 75 0.0 — — 15.3 — — — 15.3 Issuance of common stock 9,185 0.1 — — 2,291.6 — — — 2,291.7 Treasury stock activity — — ( 89 ) ( 18.8 ) — — — — ( 18.8 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax — — — — — ( 979.4 ) — ( 185.6 ) ( 1,165.0 ) Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders — — — — — — — 3,125.4 3,125.4 Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders — — — — — — — ( 23.0 ) ( 23.0 ) Common stock distributions declared — — — — — — ( 2,725.3 ) — ( 2,725.3 ) Net income (loss) — — — — — — 1,765.8 ( 69.1 ) 1,696.7 BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2022 476,623 $ 4.8 ( 11,004 ) $ ( 1,301.2 ) $ 14,689.0 $ ( 5,718.3 ) $ ( 2,101.9 ) $ 6,836.1 $ 12,408.5 Stock-based compensation related activity 586 0.0 — — 169.6 — — — 169.6 Issuance of common stock—stock purchase plan 91 0.0 — — 14.3 — — — 14.3 Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax — — — — — ( 21.2 ) — 81.4 60.2 Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders — — — — — — — 12.7 12.7 Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders — — — — — — — ( 146.8 ) ( 146.8 ) Common stock distributions declared — — — — — — ( 3,020.2 ) — ( 3,020.2 ) Net income (loss) — — — — — — 1,483.3 ( 116.2 ) 1,367.1 BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2023 477,300 $ 4.8 ( 11,004 ) $ ( 1,301.2 ) $ 14,872.9 $ ( 5,739.5 ) $ ( 3,638.8 ) $ 6,667.2 $ 10,865.4 _______________ (1) For the year ended December 31, 2021, Additional-Paid in Capital includes $ 17.1 million of consideration related to the fair value of certain equity awards previously granted by CoreSite (as defined in note 6) under its equity plan that the Company assumed and converted into corresponding equity awards with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock (the “CoreSite Replacement Awards”). See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-7 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 1,367.1 $ 1,696.7 $ 2,567.6 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, amortization and accretion 3,086.5 3,355.1 2,332.6 Stock-based compensation expense 195.7 169.3 119.5 Loss on investments, unrealized foreign currency (gain) loss and other non-cash expense 279.0 ( 401.2 ) ( 535.2 ) Impairments, net loss on sale of long-lived assets, non-cash restructuring and merger related expenses 739.9 684.3 196.4 Loss on early retirement of long-term obligations 0.3 0.4 38.2 Amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discounts and premiums and other non-cash interest 49.8 47.5 39.9 Deferred income taxes ( 182.0 ) ( 236.7 ) ( 41.2 ) Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: Accounts receivable ( 34.5 ) ( 78.6 ) ( 191.7 ) Prepaid and other assets ( 342.6 ) ( 196.1 ) ( 33.2 ) Deferred rent asset ( 472.0 ) ( 499.8 ) ( 465.6 ) Right-of-use asset and Operating lease liability, net ( 103.7 ) ( 9.3 ) ( 32.7 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 11.9 ) ( 48.2 ) 33.2 Accrued interest 128.6 6.6 42.9 Unearned revenue ( 43.4 ) ( 818.9 ) 743.8 Other non-current liabilities 65.6 25.1 5.4 Cash provided by operating activities 4,722.4 3,696.2 4,819.9 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Payments for purchase of property and equipment and construction activities ( 1,798.1 ) ( 1,873.6 ) ( 1,376.7 ) Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired ( 168.0 ) ( 549.0 ) ( 19,303.9 ) Proceeds from sales of short-term investments and other non-current assets 17.3 19.6 14.3 Payment for investments in equity securities — — ( 25.0 ) Deposits and other 253.3 47.8 ( 0.9 ) Cash used for investing activities ( 1,695.5 ) ( 2,355.2 ) ( 20,692.2 ) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net 148.7 28.8 — Borrowings under credit facilities 6,120.0 4,190.0 12,856.9 Proceeds from issuance of senior notes, net 5,678.3 1,293.6 6,761.6 Proceeds from term loans — — 7,347.0 Proceeds from issuance of securities in securitization transaction 1,300.0 — — Repayments of notes payable, credit facilities, senior notes, secured debt, short-term borrowings, term loans and finance leases ( 13,230.3 ) ( 9,625.5 ) ( 13,178.1 ) Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders 4.1 3,120.8 3,078.2 Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders ( 46.5 ) ( 10.9 ) ( 223.2 ) Purchases of common stock — ( 18.8 ) — Proceeds from stock options and employee stock purchase plan 22.1 32.4 96.8 Distributions paid on common stock ( 2,949.3 ) ( 2,630.4 ) ( 2,271.0 ) Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net — 2,291.7 2,361.8 Payment for early retirement of long-term obligations — — ( 74.0 ) Deferred financing costs and other financing activities ( 144.5 ) ( 94.9 ) ( 155.8 ) Purchases of redeemable noncontrolling interests — — ( 175.7 ) Cash (used for) provided by financing activities ( 3,097.4 ) ( 1,423.2 ) 16,424.5 Net effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash 23.2 ( 120.4 ) ( 70.3 ) NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH ( 47.3 ) ( 202.6 ) 481.9 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR 2,140.7 2,343.3 1,861.4 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF YEAR $ 2,093.4 $ 2,140.7 $ 2,343.3 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-8 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 1. BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business —American Tower Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “ATC” or the “Company”) is one of the largest global real estate investment trusts and a leading independent owner, operator and developer of multitenant communications real estate. The Company’s primary business is the leasing of space on communications sites to wireless service providers, radio and television broadcast companies, wireless data providers, government agencies and municipalities and tenants in a number of other industries. The Company refers to this business, inclusive of its data center business discussed below, as its property operations. Additionally, the Company offers tower-related services in the United States, which the Company refers to as its services operations. These services include site application, zoning and permitting (“AZP”), structural and mount analyses and construction management, which primarily support the Company’s site leasing business, including the addition of new tenants and equipment on its sites. The Company’s customers include its tenants, licensees and other payers. The Company’s portfolio primarily consists of towers that it owns and towers that it operates pursuant to long-term lease arrangements, as well as distributed antenna system (“DAS”) networks, which provide seamless coverage solutions in certain in-building and outdoor wireless environments. In addition to the communications sites in its portfolio, the Company manages rooftop and tower sites for property owners under various contractual arrangements. The Company also holds other telecommunications infrastructure, fiber and property interests that it leases primarily to communications service providers and third-party tower operators and holds a portfolio of highly interconnected data center facilities and related assets in the United States that the Company provides for the leasing of space primarily to enterprises, network operators, cloud providers and supporting service providers. American Tower Corporation is a holding company that conducts its operations through its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures. ATC’s principal domestic operating subsidiaries are American Towers LLC and SpectraSite Communications, LLC. ATC conducts its international operations primarily through its subsidiary, American Tower International, Inc., which in turn conducts operations through its various international holding and operating subsidiaries and joint ventures. The Company operates as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“REIT”). Accordingly, the Company generally is not required to pay U.S. federal income taxes on income generated by its REIT operations, including the income derived from leasing space on its towers and in its data centers, as it receives a dividends paid deduction for distributions to stockholders that offsets its REIT taxable income and gains. However, the Company remains obligated to pay U.S. federal income taxes on earnings from its domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s international assets and operations, regardless of their classification for U.S. tax purposes, continue to be subject to taxation in the jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted. The use of TRSs enables the Company to continue to engage in certain businesses and jurisdictions while complying with REIT qualification requirements. The Company may, from time to time, change the election of previously designated TRSs to be included as part of the REIT. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s REIT-qualified businesses included its U.S. tower leasing business, a majority of its U.S. indoor DAS networks business, its Services and Data Centers segments, as well as most of its operations in Canada, Costa Rica, France, Germany, Ghana, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation —The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and those entities in which it has a controlling interest. Investments in entities that the Company does not control are accounted for using the equity method or as investments in equity securities, depending upon the Company’s ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. As of December 31, 2023, the Company holds (i) a 52 % controlling interest in subsidiaries whose holdings consist of the Company’s operations in France, Germany and Spain (such subsidiaries collectively, “ATC Europe”) (Allianz and CDPQ (each as defined in note 15) hold the noncontrolling interests), (ii) a 51 % controlling interest in a joint venture whose holdings consist of the Company’s operations in Bangladesh (Confidence Tower Holdings Ltd. (“Confidence Group”) holds the noncontrolling interest) and (iii) a common equity interest of approximately 72 % in the Company’s U.S. data center business (Stonepeak (as defined and further discussed in note 15) holds approximately 28 % of the outstanding common equity and 100 % of the outstanding mandatorily convertible preferred equity). As of December 31, 2023, ATC Europe holds an 87 % and an 83 % controlling interest in subsidiaries that consist of the Company’s operations in Germany and Spain, respectively (PGGM holds the noncontrolling interests). See note 15 for a discussion of changes to the Company’s noncontrolling interests during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. F-9 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Sale of Mexico Fiber — On March 29, 2023, the Company completed the sale of one of its subsidiaries in Mexico that held fiber assets (“Mexico Fiber”) for total consideration of $ 252.5 million, resulting in a loss on the sale of $ 80.0 million, which was included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the transaction, the Company disposed of $ 20.7 million of goodwill based on the relative fair value of Mexico Fiber and the portion of the applicable goodwill reporting unit that was retained. Prior to the divestiture, Mexico Fiber’s operating results were included within the Latin America property segment. The divestiture did not qualify for presentation as a discontinued operation. Sale of Poland Subsidiary —On May 31, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its subsidiary in Poland (“ATC Poland”) for total consideration of 6.7 million EUR (approximately $ 7.2 million at the date of closing), resulting in a gain on the sale of $ 1.1 million, which was included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Prior to the divestiture, ATC Poland’s operating results were included within the Europe property segment. The divestiture did not qualify for presentation as a discontinued operation. Reportable Segments —The Company reports its results in seven segments – U.S. & Canada property (which includes all assets in the United States and Canada, other than the Company’s data center facilities and related assets), Asia-Pacific property, Africa property, Europe property, Latin America property, Data Centers and Services, which are discussed further in note 20. Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates —The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The significant estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include impairment of long-lived assets (including goodwill), revenue recognition, rent expense and lease accounting, income taxes and accounting for business combinations and acquisitions of assets. The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued as additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Accounts Receivable and Deferred Rent Asset —The Company derives the largest portion of its revenues and corresponding accounts receivable and the related deferred rent asset from a relatively small number of customers in the telecommunications industry, and 45 % of its current-year revenues are derived from three customers. The Company’s deferred rent asset is associated with non-cancellable tenant leases that contain fixed escalation clauses over the terms of the applicable lease for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company mitigates its concentrations of credit risk with respect to notes and trade receivables and the related deferred rent assets by actively monitoring the creditworthiness of its borrowers and customers. In recognizing customer revenue, the Company assesses the collectibility of both the amounts billed and the portion recognized in advance of billing on a straight-line basis. This assessment takes customer credit risk and business and industry conditions into consideration to ultimately determine the collectibility of the amounts billed. To the extent the amounts, based on management’s estimates, may not be collectible, revenue recognition is deferred until such point as collectibility is determined to be reasonably assured. Any amounts that were previously recognized as revenue and are subsequently determined to present a risk of collection are reserved as bad debt expense included in Selling, general, administrative and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accounts receivable is reported net of allowances for doubtful accounts related to estimated losses resulting from a customer’s inability to make required payments and allowances for amounts invoiced whose collectibility is not reasonably assured. These allowances are generally estimated based on payment patterns, days past due and collection history, and incorporate changes in economic conditions that may not be reflected in historical trends, such as customers in bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization. Receivables are written-off against the allowances or reserves when they are determined to be uncollectible. Such determination includes analysis and consideration of the particular conditions of the account. Changes in the allowances were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance as of January 1, $ 438.7 $ 355.9 $ 247.6 Current year increases 120.6 168.2 130.9 Write-offs, recoveries and other ( 73.2 ) ( 85.4 ) ( 22.6 ) Balance as of December 31, $ 486.1 $ 438.7 $ 355.9 F-10 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Functional Currency —The functional currency of each of the Company’s foreign operating subsidiaries is normally the respective local currency, except for Costa Rica and Argentina, where the functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. All foreign currency assets and liabilities held by the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of the applicable fiscal reporting period and all foreign currency revenues and expenses are translated at the average monthly exchange rates. Translation adjustments are reflected in equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) in the consolidated balance sheets and included as a component of Comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are reflected in Other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. However, the effect from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on intercompany debt for which repayment is not anticipated in the foreseeable future is reflected in AOCL in the consolidated balance sheets and included as a component of Comprehensive income. The Company recorded the following net foreign currency (gains) losses: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Foreign currency (gains) losses recorded in AOCL $ ( 103.9 ) $ 336.7 $ 466.5 Foreign currency losses (gains) recorded in Other expense 330.8 ( 449.4 ) ( 557.9 ) Total foreign currency losses (gains) $ 226.9 $ ( 112.7 ) $ ( 91.4 ) Adoption of Highly Inflationary Accounting in Ghana— The Ghanaian economy was deemed to be highly inflationary and, as a result, the Company will adopt highly inflationary accounting as of January 1, 2024 for its subsidiary in Ghana. Under highly inflationary accounting, the functional currency of its subsidiary in Ghana will become the U.S. Dollar. All monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities will be remeasured at the U.S. Dollar to Ghanaian Cedis exchange rate of 1 to 11.95 as of December 31, 2023. These amounts will become the new basis for those assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2024. Non-monetary assets and liabilities, as well as the corresponding income statement activities such as depreciation, amortization and equity, will continue to be measured at the historical exchange rate on December 31, 2023. Gains and losses on foreign currency arising in connection with the remeasurement of local currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities for foreign operating subsidiaries in economies that are deemed to be highly inflationary are reflected in Other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. This change is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, as Ghana’s assets and revenue are approximately 1 % and 1 % of consolidated assets and revenue, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents —Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains its deposits at high-quality financial institutions and monitors the credit ratings of those institutions. Restricted Cash— Restricted cash includes cash pledged as collateral to secure obligations and all cash whose use is otherwise limited by contractual provisions. The reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the applicable balance sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,973.3 $ 2,028.4 $ 1,949.9 Restricted cash 120.1 112.3 393.4 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 2,093.4 $ 2,140.7 $ 2,343.3 Restricted cash as of December 31, 2021 included advance payments from a customer. Property and Equipment —Property and equipment is recorded at cost or, in the case of acquired properties, at estimated fair value on the date acquired. Cost for self-constructed sites includes direct materials and labor and certain indirect costs associated with construction of the site, such as transportation costs, employee benefits and payroll taxes. The Company begins the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction period, which is the period during which costs are incurred to evaluate the site, and continues to capitalize costs until the site is substantially completed and ready for occupancy by a customer. Labor and related costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $ 64.4 million, $ 65.2 million and $ 59.4 million, respectively. F-11 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Augmentation and improvements that extend an asset’s useful life or enhance capacity are capitalized. Depreciation expense is recorded using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Towers and assets on leased land are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset taking into consideration the term of the corresponding ground lease and residual value. Towers or assets acquired through finance leases are recorded net at the present value of future minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease. Property and equipment and assets held under finance leases are amortized over the shorter of the applicable lease term or the estimated useful life of the respective assets for periods generally not exceeding twenty years . The Company reviews its asset portfolio for indicators of impairment on an individual site basis. Impairments primarily result from a site not having current tenant leases or from having expenses in excess of revenues. The Company reviews other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events, changes in circumstances or other evidence indicate that the carrying amount of the Company’s assets may not be recoverable. The Company records impairment charges, which are discussed in note 16, in Other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the Company identifies such impairment. The Company is in the process of finalizing its review of the estimated useful lives of its tower assets. The Company now has over 20 years of operating history, and it is considering whether it should modify its current estimates for asset lives based on its historical operating experience. The Company has retained an independent consultant to assist the Company in completing this review and analysis. The Company currently depreciates its towers on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the underlying ground lease (including renewal options) taking into account residual value or the estimated useful life of the tower, which the Company has historically estimated to be 20 years. Additionally, certain of the Company’s intangible assets are amortized on a similar basis to its tower assets, as the estimated useful lives of such intangible assets correlate to the useful life of the towers. If the Company concludes that a revision in the estimated useful lives of its tower assets is appropriate based on its review and analysis, which the Company expects to conclude in 2024, the Company will account for any changes in the useful lives as a change in accounting estimate under ASC 250 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which will be recorded prospectively beginning in the period of change. Based on preliminary information obtained to date, the Company expects that its estimated asset lives may be extended, which would result in an estimated (i) $ 700 million to $ 800 million decrease in depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 and (ii) $ 450 million to $ 550 million increase in the right of use asset, as additional renewal options may be included, with an offsetting adjustment made to increase the related operating lease liability. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets —The Company reviews goodwill for impairment at least annually (as of December 31) or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Goodwill is recorded in the applicable segment and assessed for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Company employs a discounted cash flow analysis when testing goodwill for impairment. The key assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow analysis include current operating performance, terminal revenue growth rate, management’s expectations of future operating results and cash requirements, the current weighted average cost of capital and an expected tax rate. The Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit, as calculated under an income approach using future discounted cash flows, to the carrying amount of the applicable reporting unit. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount of the excess. The loss recognized is limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company concluded that a triggering event occurred with respect to its India reporting unit. As a result, the Company performed a goodwill impairment test based on information observed during its review of strategic alternatives for this reporting unit. The result of the Company’s goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Company's India reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. As a result, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 322.0 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The Company also performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023. The results of the annual goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Company’s Spain reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. As a result, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 80.0 million. The goodwill impairment charges are recorded in Goodwill impairment in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no other goodwill impairment was identified, as the fair value of each of the reporting units was in excess of its carrying amount. F-12 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Intangible assets that are separable from goodwill and are deemed to have a definite life are amortized over their useful lives, generally ranging from two to twenty years and are evaluated separately for impairment at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company reviews its network location intangible assets for indicators of impairment on an individual tower basis. Impairments primarily result from a site not having current tenant leases or from having expenses in excess of revenues. The Company monitors its tenant-related intangible assets on a tenant by tenant basis for indicators of impairment, such as high levels of turnover or attrition, the customer’s ability to meet its contractual obligations, non-renewal of a significant number of contracts or the cancellation or termination of a relationship. The Company assesses recoverability by determining whether the carrying amount of the related assets will be recovered primarily through projected undiscounted future cash flows. If the Company determines that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the Company measures any impairment loss based on the projected future discounted cash flows to be provided from the asset or available market information relative to the asset’s fair value, as compared to the asset’s carrying amount. The Company records impairment charges, which are discussed in note 16, in Other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the Company identifies such impairment. Fair Value Measurements —The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Asset Retirement Obligations —When required, the Company recognizes the fair value of obligations to remove its assets and remediate the leased space upon which certain of its assets are located. Generally, the associated retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related assets and depreciated over their estimated useful lives and the liability is accreted through the obligation’s estimated settlement date. Fair value estimates of asset retirement obligations generally involve discounting of estimated future cash flows associated with remediation costs. Periodic accretion of such liabilities due to the passage of time is included in Depreciation, amortization and accretion expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Adjustments are also made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of timing and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company’s aggregate asset retirement obligation are: timing of asset removals; cost of asset removals; timing and number of site lease renewals; expected inflation rates; and credit-adjusted, risk-free interest rates that approximate the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The Company is in the process of finalizing its review of the estimated settlement dates for its asset retirement obligations. The Company now has over 20 years of operating history, and it is considering whether it should modify its current estimated settlement dates based on its historical operating experience, management’s intent with respect to the assets, and the assets’ estimated useful lives. The Company expects to complete its review of estimated settlement dates in the first quarter of 2024. If the Company concludes that a revision in the estimated settlement dates for its asset retirement obligations is appropriate based on its review and analysis, the Company will account for any changes in the estimated settlement dates as a change in accounting estimate under ASC 250 Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which will be recorded prospectively beginning in the period of change. Based on preliminary information obtained to date, the Company expects that its estimated settlement dates may be extended. The extension in the estimated settlement dates would result in an estimated (i) $ 400 million to $ 500 million increase in the asset retirement obligation liability, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset, (ii) $ 800 million to $ 900 million increase in the estimated undiscounted future cash outlay for asset retirement obligations, and (iii) $ 50 million to $ 100 million decrease in estimated accretion expense for the year ended December 31, 2024. Income Taxes —As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes on income generated by its REIT operations as it receives a dividends paid deduction for distributions to stockholders that generally offsets its REIT income and gains. However, the Company remains obligated to pay U.S. federal income taxes on certain earnings and continues to be subject to taxation in its foreign jurisdictions. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company periodically reviews its deferred tax assets, and provides valuation allowances if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management assesses the F-13 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances would be reversed as a reduction to the provision for income taxes if related deferred tax assets are deemed realizable based on changes in facts and circumstances relevant to the assets’ recoverability. The Company estimates the liabilities from uncertain tax positions, which are recorded in Other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, unless expected to be paid within one year. The Company reports penalties and tax-related interest expense as a component of the income tax provision and interest income from tax refunds as a component of Interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) —Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to items excluded from net income that are recorded as an adjustment to equity, net of tax. The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) primarily consisted of changes in fair value of effective derivative cash flow hedges, foreign currency translation adjustments, reclassification of unrealized losses on effective derivative cash flow hedges and other items. The AOCL balance included accumulated foreign currency translation losses of $ 5.7 billion, $ 5.7 billion and $ 4.7 billion as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Distributions —As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). Generally, the Company has distributed, and expects to continue to distribute, all or substantially all of its REIT taxable income after taking into consideration its utilization of net operating losses (“NOLs”). The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the Company’s financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain its qualification for taxation as a REIT and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in the Company’s existing and future debt and preferred equity instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize NOLs to offset the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. Acquisitions —For acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company applies the acquisition method of accounting where assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value at the date of each acquisition, and the results of operations are included with those of the Company from the dates of the respective acquisitions. Any excess of the purchase price paid by the Company over the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The Company continues to evaluate acquisitions for a period not to exceed one year after the applicable acquisition date of each transaction to determine whether any additional adjustments are needed to the allocation of the purchase price paid for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. All other acquisitions are accounted for as asset acquisitions and the purchase price is allocated to the net assets acquired with no recognition of goodwill. The purchase price is not subsequently adjusted. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset taking into consideration such factors as age, condition and the economic useful life and productive capacity of the asset. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company must estimate the timing and amount of future cash flows, including rate and terms of renewal and attrition, and apply the applicable discount rate. Revenue —The Company’s revenue is derived from leasing the right to use its communications sites, the land on which the sites are located, land underlying our customers’ sites and the space in its data center facilities (the “lease component”) and from the reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company in operating the communications sites and data center facilities and supporting its customers’ equipment as well as other services and contractual rights (the “non-lease component”). Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from leasing arrangements and is accounted for as lease revenue unless the timing and pattern of revenue recognition of the non-lease component differs from the lease component. If the timing and pattern of the non-lease component revenue recognition differs from that of the lease component, the Company separately determines the stand-alone selling prices and pattern of revenue recognition for each performance obligation. Revenue related to DAS networks and fiber and other related assets results from agreements with customers that are generally not accounted for as leases. The Company’s revenue from leasing arrangements, including fixed escalation clauses present in non-cancellable lease arrangements, is reported on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective leases when collectibility is probable. Escalation clauses tied to a consumer price index (“CPI”), or other inflation-based indices, and other incentives present in lease agreements with the Company’s tenants are excluded from the straight-line calculation. Total property straight-line revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $ 472.0 million, $ 499.8 million and $ 465.6 million, respectively. F-14 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Non-lease property revenue— Non-lease property revenue consists primarily of revenue generated from DAS networks, fiber and other property related revenue. DAS networks and fiber arrangements generally require that the Company provide the tenant the right to use available capacity on the applicable communications infrastructure. Performance obligations are satisfied over time for the duration of the arrangements. Non-lease property revenue also includes revenue generated from interconnection offerings in the Company’s data center facilities. Interconnection offerings are generally contracted on a month-to-month basis and are cancellable by the Company or the data center customer at any time. Performance obligations are satisfied over time for the duration of the arrangements. Other property related revenue streams, which include site inspections, are not material on either an individual or consolidated basis. Services revenue— The Company offers tower-related services in the United States. These services include AZP, structural and mount analyses, and construction management. There is a single performance obligation related to AZP and construction management, and revenue is recognized over time based on milestones achieved, which are determined based on costs expected to be incurred. Structural and mount analyses services may have more than one performance obligation, contingent upon the number of contracted services. Revenue is recognized at the point in time the services are completed. Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is typically based on the price charged to customers. Since most of the Company’s contracts are leases, costs to enter into lease arrangements are capitalized under the applicable lease accounting guidance. Costs incurred to obtain non-lease contracts that are capitalized primarily relate to DAS networks and are not material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company has excluded sales tax, value added tax and similar taxes from non-lease revenue. Revenue is disaggregated by geography in a manner consistent with the Company’s business segments, which are discussed further in note 20. A summary of revenue disaggregated by source and geography is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Total Non-lease property revenue $ 322.4 $ 9.4 $ 24.4 $ 13.5 $ 127.5 $ 116.5 $ 613.7 Services revenue 143.0 — — — — — 143.0 Total non-lease revenue $ 465.4 $ 9.4 $ 24.4 $ 13.5 $ 127.5 $ 116.5 $ 756.7 Property lease revenue 4,893.8 1,141.4 1,201.2 762.1 1,670.8 718.2 10,387.5 Total revenue $ 5,359.2 $ 1,150.8 $ 1,225.6 $ 775.6 $ 1,798.3 $ 834.7 $ 11,144.2 Year Ended December 31, 2022 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Total Non-lease property revenue $ 295.4 $ 14.3 $ 27.4 $ 16.3 $ 154.5 $ 106.0 $ 613.9 Services revenue 241.1 — — — — — 241.1 Total non-lease revenue $ 536.5 $ 14.3 $ 27.4 $ 16.3 $ 154.5 $ 106.0 $ 855.0 Property lease revenue 4,710.9 1,062.7 1,165.1 719.4 1,537.4 660.6 9,856.1 Total revenue $ 5,247.4 $ 1,077.0 $ 1,192.5 $ 735.7 $ 1,691.9 $ 766.6 $ 10,711.1 Year Ended December 31, 2021 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Total Non-lease property revenue $ 291.9 $ 8.8 $ 24.4 $ 7.6 $ 135.9 $ 1.3 $ 469.9 Services revenue 247.3 — — — — — 247.3 Total non-lease revenue $ 539.2 $ 8.8 $ 24.4 $ 7.6 $ 135.9 $ 1.3 $ 717.2 Property lease revenue 4,628.3 1,190.3 981.1 488.6 1,329.5 21.9 8,639.7 Total revenue $ 5,167.5 $ 1,199.1 $ 1,005.5 $ 496.2 $ 1,465.4 $ 23.2 $ 9,356.9 F-15 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Information about non-lease receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers is as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Accounts receivable $ 75.9 $ 96.9 Prepaids and other current assets 19.7 39.9 Notes receivable and other non-current assets 30.3 27.1 Unearned revenue (1) 90.7 106.3 Other non-current liabilities (1) 257.1 321.6 _______________ (1) Includes capital contributions related to DAS networks. The Company records unearned revenue when payments are received from customers in advance of the completion of the Company’s performance obligations. Long-term unearned revenue is included in Other non-current liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $ 143.6 million of revenue that was previously included in the contract liabilities balances, primarily arising from balances as of December 31, 2022. The Company records unbilled receivables, which are included in Prepaids and other current assets, when it has completed a performance obligation prior to its ability to bill under the customer arrangement. Other contract assets are included in Notes receivable and other non-current assets. The Company recorded an immaterial change in unbilled receivables attributable to non-lease property revenue recognized during each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The change in contract assets attributable to revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 0.6 million and $( 0.3 ) million, respectively. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for agreements (i) with an original expected length of one year or less or (ii) for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. Lease Accounting and Rent Expense —The Company accounts for leases using a right-of-use model, which recognizes that, at the date of commencement, a lessee has a financial obligation to make lease payments to the lessor for the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term. The lessee also recognizes a corresponding right-of-use asset related to this right. The Company recognizes a right-of-use lease asset and lease liability for operating and finance leases. The right-of-use asset is measured as the sum of the lease liability, prepaid or accrued lease payments, any initial direct costs incurred and any other applicable amounts. The Company reviews its right-of-use assets for impairment whenever events, changes in circumstances or other evidence indicate that the carrying amount of the Company’s assets may not be recoverable. The Company reviews its right-of-use assets for indicators of impairment at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, as part of its asset portfolio. Impairments primarily result from a site not having current tenant leases or from having expenses in excess of revenues. The Company records impairment charges, which are discussed in note 16, in Other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the Company identifies such impairment. The calculation of the lease liability requires the Company to make certain assumptions for each lease, including lease term and discount rate implicit in each lease, which could significantly impact the gross lease obligation, the duration and the present value of the lease liability. When calculating the lease term, the Company considers the renewal, cancellation and termination rights available to the Company and the lessor. The Company determines the discount rate by calculating the incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis at the commencement of a lease or upon a change in the lease term. Many of the leases underlying the Company’s sites have fixed rent escalations, which provide for periodic increases in the amount of ground rent payable by the Company over time. In addition, certain of the Company’s tenant leases require the Company to exercise available renewal options pursuant to the underlying ground lease if the tenant exercises its renewal option. The Company’s calculation of the lease liability includes the term of the underlying ground lease plus all periods, if any, for which failure to renew the lease imposes an economic penalty to the Company such that renewal appears to be reasonably assured. The straight-line component of ground rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 30.2 million, $ 39.6 million and $ 52.7 million, respectively. Selling, General, Administrative and Development Expense —Selling, general and administrative expense consists of overhead expenses related to the Company’s property and services operations and corporate overhead costs not specifically allocable to F-16 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) any of the Company’s individual business operations. Development expense consists of costs related to the Company’s acquisition efforts, costs associated with new business initiatives and project cancellation costs. Stock-Based Compensation —Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the accounting measurement date based on the fair value of the award and is generally recognized as an expense over the service period, which typically represents the vesting period. The Company provides for accelerated vesting and extended exercise periods of stock options and restricted stock units upon an employee’s death or permanent disability, or upon an employee’s qualified retirement, provided certain eligibility criteria are met. Accordingly, the Company recognizes compensation expense for stock options and time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) over the shorter of (i) the vesting period or (ii) the period from the date of grant to the date the employee becomes eligible for such benefits due to death, disability or qualified retirement, which may occur upon grant. The expense recognized includes the impact of forfeitures as they occur. Equity awards typically vest ratably. Awards of RSUs and stock options granted prior to March 10, 2023 generally vest over four years . In December 2022, the Company’s Compensation Committee changed the terms of its awards to generally vest over three years . The change in vesting terms is applicable for new awards granted beginning on March 10, 2023 and does not change the vesting terms applicable to grants awarded prior to March 10, 2023. The Company grants performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) to its executive officers. Threshold, target and maximum parameters are established for a three-year performance period at the time of grant. The metrics are used to calculate the number of shares that will be issuable when the awards vest, which may range from zero to 200 % of the target amounts. The Company recognizes compensation expense for PSUs over the three-year vesting period, subject to adjustment based on the date the employee becomes eligible for retirement benefits as well as performance relative to grant parameters. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the fair value of RSUs and PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes all stock-based compensation expense in Selling, general, administrative and development expense. In connection with the vesting of restricted stock units, the Company withholds from issuance a number of shares of common stock to satisfy certain employee tax withholding obligations arising from such vesting. The shares withheld are considered constructively retired. The Company recognizes the fair value of the shares withheld in Additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has withheld from issuance an aggregate of 3.0 million shares, including 0.2 million shares related to the vesting of restricted stock units during the year ended December 31, 2023. Litigation Costs —The Company periodically becomes involved in various claims and lawsuits that are incidental to its business. The Company regularly monitors the status of pending legal actions to evaluate both the magnitude and likelihood of any potential loss. The Company accrues for these potential losses when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss, or possible range of loss, can be reasonably estimated. Should the ultimate losses on contingencies or litigation vary from estimates, adjustments to those liabilities may be required. The Company also incurs legal costs in connection with these matters and records estimates of these expenses, which are reflected in Selling, general, administrative and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Earnings Per Common Share — Basic and Diluted —Basic net income per common share represents net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share represents net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and any dilutive common share equivalents, including (A) shares issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and exercise of stock options and (B) shares expected to be earned upon the achievement of the parameters established for PSUs, each to the extent not anti-dilutive. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of its outstanding RSUs, PSUs and stock options. Retirement Plan —The Company has a 401(k) plan covering nearly all eligible employees who meet certain age and employment requirements. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company matched 100 % of the first 5 % of a participant's contributions. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company contributed $ 16.4 million, $ 16.9 million and $ 14.9 million to the plan, respectively. Accounting Standards Updates —In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. F-17 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance which requires public entities to provide enhanced income tax disclosures on an annual basis. The new guidance requires an expanded rate reconciliation and the disaggregation of cash taxes paid by U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 2. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Prepaid assets $ 93.4 $ 100.7 Prepaid income tax 102.9 139.3 Unbilled receivables 323.2 283.8 Value added tax and other consumption tax receivables 79.8 83.6 Other miscellaneous current assets (1) 347.6 115.9 Prepaid and other current assets $ 946.9 $ 723.3 _______________ (1) Includes the VIL OCDs (as defined and further discussed in note 11). 3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment (including assets held under finance leases) consisted of the following: Estimated Useful Lives (years) (1) As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Towers Up to 20 $ 17,014.5 $ 16,288.4 Equipment (2) 3 - 20 4,490.4 4,409.6 Buildings and improvements Up to 40 3,775.8 3,593.6 Land and improvements (3) Up to 20 4,265.4 4,153.7 Construction-in-progress 1,362.2 1,431.9 Total 30,908.3 29,877.2 Less accumulated depreciation ( 11,119.5 ) ( 9,878.9 ) Property and equipment, net $ 19,788.8 $ 19,998.3 _______________ (1) Assets on leased land are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset taking into consideration the corresponding ground lease term and residual value. (2) Includes fiber, DAS and data center related assets. (3) Estimated useful lives apply to improvements only. Total depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 1.5 billion, $ 1.6 billion and $ 1.0 billion, respectively. Depreciation expense includes amounts related to finance lease assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of $ 138.5 million, $ 145.4 million and $ 146.8 million, respectively. F-18 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Information about finance lease-related balances is as follows: As of December 31, Finance leases: Classification 2023 2022 Property and equipment Towers $ 2,776.8 $ 2,742.2 Accumulated depreciation ( 1,581.3 ) ( 1,464.5 ) Property and equipment, net $ 1,195.5 $ 1,277.7 Property and equipment Buildings and improvements $ 192.6 $ 189.6 Accumulated depreciation ( 102.9 ) ( 94.0 ) Property and equipment, net $ 89.7 $ 95.6 Property and equipment Land $ 131.9 $ 129.3 Accumulated depreciation ( 0.1 ) — Property and equipment, net $ 131.8 $ 129.3 Property and equipment Equipment $ 41.6 $ 80.1 Accumulated depreciation ( 13.3 ) ( 25.6 ) Property and equipment, net (1) $ 28.3 $ 54.5 _______________ (1) As of December 31, 2022, included $ 23.1 million of finance lease-related equipment assets associated with Mexico Fiber, which was sold during the year ended December 31, 2023. 4. LEASES The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the agreement. The Company considers an arrangement to be a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of the communications infrastructure or ground space underneath communications infrastructure for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company is both a lessor and a lessee. Lessor —The Company is a lessor in most of its revenue arrangements, as property revenue is derived from tenant leases of specifically-identified, physically distinct space on or in the Company’s communications real estate assets. The Company’s lease arrangements with its tenants for its communications sites vary depending upon the region and the industry of the tenant and generally have initial non-cancellable terms of five to ten years with multiple renewal terms. The leases also contain provisions that periodically increase the rent due, typically annually, based on a fixed escalation percentage or an inflationary index, or a combination of both. The Company structures its leases to include financial penalties if a tenant terminates the lease, which serve to disincentivize tenants from terminating the lease prior to the expiration of the lease term. The Company’s leasing arrangements outside of the United States may require that the Company provide power to the communications site through an electrical grid connection, diesel fuel generators or other sources and permit the Company to pass through the costs of, or otherwise charge for, these services. Many arrangements require that the communications site has power for a specified percentage of time. In most cases, if delivery of power falls below the specified service level, a corresponding reduction in revenue is recorded. The Company has determined that this performance obligation is satisfied over time for the duration of the lease. In addition, the Company provides power to its data center customers, which is passed through, or otherwise charged, to customers pursuant to the terms of the customer power arrangement. Customer power arrangements are coterminous with such customer’s underlying lease and have the same pattern of transfer over the lease term. This performance obligation is generally satisfied over time for the duration of the lease. Fixed power revenue is recognized each month over the term of the lease. For variable power arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue each month as the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved. The Company typically has more than one tenant on a site and, by performing ordinary course repair and maintenance work, can often lease a site, either through renewing existing agreements or leasing to new tenants, for periods beyond the existing tenant lease term. Accordingly, the Company has minimal risk with respect to the residual value of its leased assets. Communications infrastructure assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, which generally do not exceed twenty years . F-19 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) As of December 31, 2023, the Company does not have any material related party leases as a lessor. To the extent there are any intercompany leases, these are eliminated in consolidation. The Company generally does not enter into sales-type leases or direct financing leases. If incentives are present in the Company’s leases, they are evaluated to determine proper treatment and, to the extent present, are recorded in Other current assets and Other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets and amortized on a straight line basis over the corresponding lease term as a non-cash reduction to revenue. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining weighted average amortization period of the Company’s lease incentives wa s 10 years . As of December 31, 2023, Other current assets and Other non-current assets include $ 31.8 million and $ 345.7 million, respectively, for lease incentives. In addition, the Company’s leases do not include any lessee purchase options. Historically, the Company has been able to successfully renew its applicable leases as needed to ensure continuation of its revenue. Accordingly, the Company assumes that it will have access to the communications infrastructure or ground space underlying its sites when calculating future minimum rental receipts through the end of the respective terms. Future minimum rental receipts expected under non-cancellable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2023, were as follows: Fiscal Year Amount (1) (2) 2024 $ 8,233.1 2025 7,643.1 2026 7,191.7 2027 6,995.2 2028 5,686.7 Thereafter 24,525.6 Total $ 60,275.4 _______________ (1) Balances are translated at the applicable period-end exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods. (2) Balances represent contractual amounts owned with no adjustments made for expected collectibility. Lessee —The Company enters into arrangements as a lessee primarily for ground space underneath its communications sites. These arrangements are typically long-term lease agreements with initial non-cancellable terms of approximately five to ten years with one or more automatic or exercisable renewal periods and specified increases in lease payments upon exercise of the renewal options. The Company typically exercises its ground lease renewal options in order to provide ongoing tenant space on or in its communications sites through the end of the tenant lease term. Escalation clauses present in operating leases, excluding those tied to CPI or other inflation-based indices, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lease term of the applicable lease as a component of rent expense. Additionally, the escalations tied to CPI or another inflation-based index are considered variable lease payments. In certain circumstances, the Company enters into revenue sharing arrangements with the ground space owner, which results in variability in lease payments. In most markets outside of the United States, in the event there are no tenants on the communications site, the Company generally has unilateral termination rights and in certain situations, the lease is structured to allow for termination by the Company with minimal or no penalties. Ground lease arrangements usually include annual escalations and do not contain any residual value guarantees or restrictions on dividends, other financial obligations or other similar terms. The Company has entered into certain transactions whereby at the end of a lease, sublease or similar arrangement, the Company has the option to purchase the corresponding communications sites. These transactions are further described in note 18. The Company’s lease liability is the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments to be made over the remaining lease term, including renewal options reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company also considers termination options and factors those into the determination of lease payments when appropriate. To determine the lease term, the Company considers all renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised, taking into consideration all economic factors, including the communications site’s estimated economic life (generally twenty years ) and the respective lease terms of the Company’s tenants under the existing lease arrangements on such site. The Company assesses its right-of-use asset and other lease-related assets for impairment, as described in note 1. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $ 6.7 million, $ 8.1 million and $ 3.3 million, respectively, of impairment expense related to these assets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company does not have any material related party leases as a lessee. The Company does not have any sale-leaseback arrangements as lessee and typically does not enter into leveraged leases. F-20 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) The Company leases certain land, buildings, equipment and office space under operating leases and land and improvements, towers, equipment and vehicles under finance leases. As of December 31, 2023, operating lease assets were included in Right-of-use asset and finance lease assets were included in Property and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet. Information about other lease-related balances is as follows: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Operating leases: Right-of-use asset $ 8,878.8 $ 8,918.9 Current portion of lease liability $ 794.6 $ 788.9 Lease liability 7,438.7 7,591.9 Total operating lease liability $ 8,233.3 $ 8,380.8 Finance leases: Current portion of lease liability $ 3.4 $ 4.7 Lease liability 17.2 23.1 Total finance lease liability $ 20.6 $ 27.8 As most of the Company’s leases do not specifically state an implicit rate, the Company uses a market-specific incremental borrowing rate consistent with the lease term as of the lease commencement date or upon a remeasurement event when calculating the present value of the remaining lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate reflects the cost to borrow on a securitized basis in each market. The remaining lease term does not reflect all renewal options available to the Company, only those renewal options that the Company has assessed as reasonably certain of being exercised taking into consideration the economic and other factors noted above. The weighted-average remaining lease terms and incremental borrowing rates are as follows: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Operating leases: Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 11.6 12.2 Weighted-average incremental borrowing rate 5.8 % 5.3 % Finance leases: Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 16.2 13.4 Weighted-average incremental borrowing rate 7.4 % 6.9 % The following table sets forth the components of lease cost for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 1,249.7 $ 1,222.8 $ 1,115.1 Variable lease costs not included in lease liability (1) 447.2 388.2 339.6 _______________ (1) Primarily includes property tax paid on behalf of the landlord. The interest expense on finance lease liabilities was $ 1.1 million, $ 1.1 million and $ 1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Assets held under finance leases are recorded in property and equipment and are depreciated over the lesser of the remaining lease term or the remaining useful life. F-21 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Supplemental cash flow information is as follows for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ ( 1,264.8 ) $ ( 1,228.1 ) $ ( 1,144.8 ) Operating cash flows from finance leases $ ( 1.1 ) $ ( 1.1 ) $ ( 1.2 ) Financing cash flows from finance leases $ ( 6.2 ) $ ( 6.7 ) $ ( 7.9 ) Non-cash items: New operating leases (1) $ 245.7 $ 402.4 $ 2,063.8 Operating lease modifications and reassessments $ 405.9 $ 80.5 $ 96.0 _______________ (1) Amount includes new operating leases and leases acquired in connection with acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2021, includes $ 1.4 billion related to the Telxius Acquisition (as defined in note 6). As of December 31, 2023, the Company does not have material operating or financing leases that have not yet commenced. Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: Fiscal Year Operating Lease (1) Finance Lease (1) 2024 $ 1,204.8 $ 4.9 2025 1,098.7 4.0 2026 1,044.2 3.0 2027 981.5 2.2 2028 917.8 1.7 Thereafter 6,029.3 21.4 Total lease payments 11,276.3 37.2 Less amounts representing interest ( 3,043.0 ) ( 16.6 ) Total lease liability 8,233.3 20.6 Less current portion of lease liability 794.6 3.4 Non-current lease liability $ 7,438.7 $ 17.2 _______________ (1) Balances are translated at the applicable period-end exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods. 5. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The changes in the carrying value of goodwill for each of the Company’s business segments were as follows: Property Services Total U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 4,648.4 $ 990.1 $ 612.2 $ 3,230.4 $ 888.6 $ 2,978.4 $ 2.0 $ 13,350.1 Adjustments (1) — — — 3.6 ( 16.9 ) ( 58.4 ) — ( 71.7 ) Other (2) ( 7.4 ) — — — — — — ( 7.4 ) Effect of foreign currency translation ( 3.5 ) ( 100.9 ) ( 63.7 ) ( 190.0 ) 43.8 — — ( 314.3 ) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 4,637.5 $ 889.2 $ 548.5 $ 3,044.0 $ 915.5 $ 2,920.0 $ 2.0 $ 12,956.7 Other (3) — — — — ( 20.7 ) — — ( 20.7 ) Impairments (4) — ( 322.0 ) — ( 80.0 ) — — — ( 402.0 ) Effect of foreign currency translation 1.1 ( 4.5 ) ( 50.8 ) 87.9 71.3 — — 105.0 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 4,638.6 $ 562.7 $ 497.7 $ 3,051.9 $ 966.1 $ 2,920.0 $ 2.0 $ 12,639.0 _______________ (1) Europe and Latin America consist of measurement period adjustments related to the Telxius Acquisition (as defined in note 6) . Data Centers consists of measurement period adjustments related to the CoreSite Acquisition (as defined in note 6). F-22 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) (2) Other represents the goodwill associated with certain operations acquired in connection with the acquisition of InSite Wireless Group, LLC (the “InSite Acquisition”). These business operations were sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. (3) Other represents the goodwill associated with Mexico Fiber, which was sold during the year ended December 31, 2023. (4) Includes $ 322.0 million and $ 80.0 million of goodwill impairments associated with the India and Spain reporting units, respectively. Goodwill Impairments The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually (as of December 31) or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, as further discussed in note 1. The Company concluded that a triggering event occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 with respect to its India reporting unit primarily due to indications of value received from third parties in connection with the Company’s review of various strategic alternatives for its India operations, which concluded in the Pending ATC TIPL Transaction (as defined in note 22) in January 2024 . As a result, the Company performed a goodwill impairment test using, among other things, the information obtained from third parties to compare the estimated fair value of the India reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The result of the Company’s goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Company's India reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. As a result, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 322.0 million. The Company also performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023. The results of the annual goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Company’s Spain reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value, as calculated under an income approach using future discounted cash flows. As a result, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 80.0 million. The key assumptions utilized in the discounted cash flow analysis include current operating performance, terminal revenue growth rate, management’s expectations of future operating results and cash requirements, the current weighted average cost of capital and an expected tax rate. The reduction in the fair value of the Spain reporting unit was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average cost of capital. The goodwill impairment charges are recorded in Goodwill impairment in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s other intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2022 Estimated Useful Lives (years) Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Acquired network location intangibles (1) Up to 20 $ 5,981.5 $ ( 2,775.8 ) $ 3,205.7 $ 6,058.2 $ ( 2,537.9 ) $ 3,520.3 Acquired tenant-related intangibles Up to 20 18,894.5 ( 6,698.6 ) 12,195.9 18,941.2 ( 5,827.7 ) 13,113.5 Acquired licenses and other intangibles 2 - 20 1,561.1 ( 442.0 ) 1,119.1 1,772.9 ( 423.4 ) 1,349.5 Total other intangible assets $ 26,437.1 $ ( 9,916.4 ) $ 16,520.7 $ 26,772.3 $ ( 8,789.0 ) $ 17,983.3 _______________ (1) Acquired network location intangibles are amortized over the shorter of the term of the corresponding ground lease, taking into consideration lease renewal options and residual value, generally up to 20 years, as the Company considers these intangibles to be directly related to the tower assets. The acquired network location intangibles represent the value to the Company of the incremental revenue growth that could potentially be obtained from leasing the excess capacity on acquired tower communications infrastructure. The acquired tenant-related intangibles typically represent the value to the Company of tenant contracts and relationships in place at the time of an acquisition or similar transaction, including assumptions regarding estimated renewals. Other intangibles represent the value of acquired licenses, trade name and in place leases. In place lease value represents the fair value of costs avoided in securing data center customers, including vacancy periods, legal costs and commissions. In place lease value also includes assumptions on similar costs avoided upon the renewal or extension of existing leases on a basis consistent with occupancy assumptions used in the fair value of other assets. The Company amortizes its acquired intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining weighted average amortization period of the Company’s intangible assets wa s 15 years . F-23 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 1.4 billion, $ 1.7 billion and $ 1.2 billion, respectively. Based on current exchange rates, the Company expects to record amortization expense as follows over the next five years: Fiscal Year Amount 2024 $ 1,334.1 2025 1,275.1 2026 1,231.7 2027 1,216.2 2028 1,204.9 6. ACQUISITIONS The Company evaluates each of its acquisitions under the accounting guidance framework to determine whether to treat an acquisition as an asset acquisition or a business combination. For those transactions treated as asset acquisitions, the purchase price is allocated to the assets or rights acquired and liabilities assumed, with no recognition of goodwill. For those transactions treated as business combinations, the estimates of the fair value of the assets or rights acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the applicable acquisition are subject to adjustment during the measurement period (up to one year from the particular acquisition date). The fair value of these net assets acquired are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. While the Company believes that such preliminary estimates provide a reasonable basis for estimating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, it evaluates any necessary information prior to finalization of the fair value. During the measurement period for those acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the Company will adjust assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. Impact of current year acquisitions —The Company typically acquires communications sites and other communications infrastructure assets from wireless carriers or other tower operators and subsequently integrates those sites and related assets into its existing portfolio of communications sites and related assets. In the United States, acquisitions may also include data center facilities and related assets. The financial results of the Company’s acquisitions have been included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 from the date of the respective acquisition. The date of acquisition, and by extension the point at which the Company begins to recognize the results of an acquisition, may depend on, among other things, the receipt of contractual consents, the commencement and extent of leasing arrangements and the timing of the transfer of title or rights to the assets, which may be accomplished in phases. Communications sites acquired from communications service providers may never have been operated as a business and may instead have been utilized solely by the seller as a component of its network infrastructure. An acquisition may or may not involve the transfer of business operations or employees. For those acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the Company recognizes acquisition and merger related expenses in the period in which they are incurred and services are received; for transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions, these costs are capitalized as part of the purchase price. Acquisition, disposition and merger related costs may include finder’s fees, advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional or consulting fees and general administrative costs directly related to completing the transaction. Integration costs include incremental and non-recurring costs necessary to convert data and systems, retain employees and otherwise enable the Company to operate acquired businesses or assets efficiently. The Company records acquisition, disposition and merger related expenses not subject to capitalization, as well as integration costs for all transactions, in Other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded acquisition, disposition and merger related expenses for business combinations, dispositions and non-capitalized asset acquisition costs and integration costs as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Acquisition, disposition and merger related expenses $ 17.6 $ 57.0 $ 177.0 Integration costs $ 16.4 $ 45.0 $ 50.4 F-24 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded net benefits of $ 10.3 million, $ 15.1 million and $ 17.6 million related to pre-acquisition contingencies and settlements, respectively. The year ended December 31, 2022 included acquisition and merger related costs associated with the Stonepeak Transaction (as defined in note 15). The year ended December 31, 2021 included acquisition and merger related costs associated with the Telxius Acquisition and the CoreSite Acquisition (each as defined below). 2023 Transactions The estimated aggregate impact of the acquisitions completed in 2023 on the Company’s revenues and gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2023 was not material to the Company’s operating results. Acquisitions completed in 2023 were included in the applicable Company property segments. Other Acquisitions— During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired a total of 159 communications sites, as well as other communications infrastructure assets, in the United States, Canada, France, Poland and Spain for an aggregate purchase price of $ 109.4 million. Of the aggregate purchase price, $ 30.8 million, inclusive of value-added tax, is reflected as a payable in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. These acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions and are included in the table below in “Other.” The following table summarizes the allocations of the purchase prices for the fiscal year 2023 acquisitions based upon their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition: Other Current assets $ 11.0 Property and equipment 57.5 Intangible assets (1): Tenant-related intangible assets 35.3 Network location intangible assets 7.9 Other non-current assets 3.4 Current liabilities ( 0.8 ) Other non-current liabilities ( 4.9 ) Net assets acquired 109.4 Fair value of net assets acquired 109.4 Purchase price $ 109.4 ______________ (1) Tenant-related intangible assets and network location intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In addition to the acquisitions discussed above, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased 59 towers in connection with the AT&T transaction described in note 18 for an aggregate purchase price of $ 40.9 million. Telxius and CoreSite Acquisitions Telxius Acquisition —On January 13, 2021, the Company entered into two agreements with Telxius Telecom, S.A. (“Telxius”), a subsidiary of Telefónica, S.A., pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire Telxius’ European and Latin American tower divisions, comprising approximately 31,000 communications sites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Peru and Spain, for approximately 7.7 billion EUR (approximately $ 9.4 billion at the date of signing) (the “Telxius Acquisition”), subject to certain adjustments. In June 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of nearly 20,000 communications sites in Germany and Spain, for total consideration of approximately 6.3 billion EUR (approximately $ 7.7 billion at the date of closing), subject to certain post-closing adjustments and over 7,000 communications sites in Brazil, Peru, Chile and Argentina, for total consideration of approximately 0.9 billion EUR (approximately $ 1.1 billion at the date of closing), subject to certain post-closing adjustments. On August 2, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of the approximately 4,000 remaining communications sites in Germany pursuant to the Telxius Acquisition for 0.6 billion EUR (approximately $ 0.7 billion at the date of closing), subject to certain post-closing adjustments. The acquired operations in Germany and Spain are included in the Europe property segment and the acquired operations in Brazil, Peru, Chile and Argentina are included in the Latin America property segment. F-25 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) CoreSite Acquisition —On November 14, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with CoreSite Realty Corporation (“CoreSite”) to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of CoreSite common stock at $ 170.00 per share (the “CoreSite Acquisition”). CoreSite’s portfolio consisted of 24 data center facilities and related assets in eight United States markets. On December 28, 2021, the Company completed the CoreSite Acquisition for total consideration of approximately $ 10.4 billion, including the assumption and repayment of CoreSite’s existing debt. The acquired assets and operations are included in the Data Centers segment. The CoreSite Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. 7. ACCRUED EXPENSES Accrued expenses consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Accrued construction costs $ 183.8 $ 230.8 Accrued income tax payable 21.0 29.8 Accrued pass-through costs 77.4 85.1 Amounts payable for acquisitions 27.7 55.2 Amounts payable to tenants 103.3 95.2 Accrued property and real estate taxes 295.5 270.1 Accrued rent 75.1 77.3 Payroll and related withholdings 147.4 140.4 Other accrued expenses 349.4 360.3 Accrued expenses $ 1,280.6 $ 1,344.2 F-26 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 8. LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS Outstanding amounts under the Company’s long-term obligations, reflecting discounts, premiums, debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments due to interest rate swaps consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Contractual Interest Rate (1) Maturity Date (1) 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility (2) (3) 723.4 3,788.7 6.088 % July 1, 2026 2021 Term Loan (2) 997.0 996.3 6.581 % January 31, 2027 2021 Credit Facility (2) 1,603.4 1,080.0 6.573 % July 1, 2028 2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan (2) (3) 910.7 882.9 4.985 % May 28, 2024 2021 USD Two Year Delayed Draw Term Loan (2) (4) — 1,499.3 N/A N/A 3.50 % senior notes (5) — 999.8 N/A N/A 3.000 % senior notes (6) — 694.5 N/A N/A 0.600 % senior notes (7) 500.0 498.9 0.600 % January 15, 2024 5.00 % senior notes (8) 1,000.1 1,000.5 5.000 % February 15, 2024 3.375 % senior notes 649.7 648.3 3.375 % May 15, 2024 2.950 % senior notes 648.2 646.4 2.950 % January 15, 2025 2.400 % senior notes 748.5 747.3 2.400 % March 15, 2025 1.375 % senior notes (9) 550.0 532.1 1.375 % April 4, 2025 4.000 % senior notes 748.1 746.8 4.000 % June 1, 2025 1.300 % senior notes 498.3 497.3 1.300 % September 15, 2025 4.400 % senior notes 498.7 498.1 4.400 % February 15, 2026 1.600 % senior notes 697.4 696.3 1.600 % April 15, 2026 1.950 % senior notes (9) 549.6 532.1 1.950 % May 22, 2026 1.450 % senior notes 595.9 594.5 1.450 % September 15, 2026 3.375 % senior notes 994.7 992.9 3.375 % October 15, 2026 3.125 % senior notes 398.9 398.6 3.125 % January 15, 2027 2.750 % senior notes 747.0 746.1 2.750 % January 15, 2027 0.450 % senior notes (9) 824.3 798.2 0.450 % January 15, 2027 0.400 % senior notes (9) 548.2 530.4 0.400 % February 15, 2027 3.650 % senior notes 644.8 643.3 3.650 % March 15, 2027 4.125 % senior notes (9) 658.6 — 4.125 % May 16, 2027 3.55 % senior notes 747.1 746.3 3.550 % July 15, 2027 3.600 % senior notes 696.0 695.1 3.600 % January 15, 2028 0.500 % senior notes (9) 822.8 796.6 0.500 % January 15, 2028 1.500 % senior notes 647.1 646.5 1.500 % January 31, 2028 5.500 % senior notes 693.6 — 5.500 % March 15, 2028 5.250 % senior notes 643.9 — 5.250 % July 15, 2028 5.800 % senior notes 743.4 — 5.800 % November 15, 2028 3.950 % senior notes 593.7 592.6 3.950 % March 15, 2029 0.875 % senior notes (9) 823.7 797.8 0.875 % May 21, 2029 3.800 % senior notes 1,638.6 1,636.8 3.800 % August 15, 2029 2.900 % senior notes 744.2 743.4 2.900 % January 15, 2030 2.100 % senior notes 743.1 742.2 2.100 % June 15, 2030 0.950 % senior notes (9) 546.0 528.5 0.950 % October 5, 2030 1.875 % senior notes 793.3 792.5 1.875 % October 15, 2030 2.700 % senior notes 695.0 694.4 2.700 % April 15, 2031 4.625 % senior notes (9) 545.2 — 4.625 % May 16, 2031 2.300 % senior notes 692.7 691.9 2.300 % September 15, 2031 1.000 % senior notes (9) 711.5 689.1 1.000 % January 15, 2032 4.050 % senior notes 642.9 642.2 4.050 % March 15, 2032 5.650 % senior notes 790.6 — 5.650 % March 15, 2033 F-27 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 1.250 % senior notes (9) 545.8 528.5 1.250 % May 21, 2033 5.550 % senior notes 840.6 — 5.550 % July 15, 2033 5.900 % senior notes 741.5 — 5.900 % November 15, 2033 3.700 % senior notes 592.4 592.2 3.700 % October 15, 2049 3.100 % senior notes 1,038.6 1,038.3 3.100 % June 15, 2050 2.950 % senior notes 1,023.2 1,022.5 2.950 % January 15, 2051 Total American Tower Corporation debt 36,472.0 36,307.0 Series 2013-2A Securities (10) — 1,299.7 N/A N/A Series 2018-1A Securities (11) 496.8 496.1 3.652 % March 15, 2028 Series 2023-1A Securities (12) 1,284.4 — 5.490 % March 15, 2028 Series 2015-2 Notes (13) 524.1 523.4 3.482 % June 16, 2025 Other subsidiary debt (14) 123.6 16.2 Various Various Total American Tower subsidiary debt 2,428.9 2,335.4 Finance lease obligations 20.6 27.8 Total 38,921.5 38,670.2 Less current portion of long-term obligations ( 3,187.5 ) ( 4,514.2 ) Long-term obligations $ 35,734.0 $ 34,156.0 _______________ (1) Reflects interest rate or maturity date as of December 31, 2023. (2) Accrues interest at a variable rate. (3) Reflects borrowings denominated in EUR and, for the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility (as defined below), reflects borrowings denominated in both EUR and U.S. Dollars (“USD”). (4) Repaid in full on June 27, 2023 using borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. (5) Repaid in full on January 31, 2023 using borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility (as defined below). (6) Repaid in full on June 15, 2023 using borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility. (7) Repaid in full on January 12, 2024 using borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. (8) Repaid in full on February 14, 2024 using borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. (9) Notes are denominated in EUR. (10) Repaid in full on the March 2023 repayment date using proceeds from the 2023 Securitization (as defined below). (11) Maturity date reflects the anticipated repayment date; final legal maturity is March 15, 2048. (12) Maturity date reflects the anticipated repayment date; final legal maturity is March 15, 2053. (13) Maturity date reflects the anticipated repayment date; final legal maturity is June 15, 2050. (14) Includes amounts drawn under letters of credit in Nigeria, which are denominated in USD, and the India Term Loan (as defined below), which is denominated in Indian Rupee (“INR”). Current portion of long-term obligations — The Company’s current portion of long-term obligations primarily includes (i) $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 0.600 % senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2024, (ii) $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.00 % senior unsecured notes due February 15, 2024, (iii) $ 650.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 3.375 % senior unsecured notes due May 15, 2024 and (iv) 825.0 million EUR in borrowings under the 2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan (as defined below ). American Tower Corporation Debt Bank Facilities Amendments to Bank Facilities— On June 29, 2023, the Company amended its (i) $ 6.0 billion senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility, as previously amended and restated on December 8, 2021 (the “2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility”), (ii) $ 4.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility, as previously amended and restated on December 8, 2021, (the “2021 F-28 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Credit Facility”) and (iii) $ 1.0 billion unsecured term loan, as previously amended and restated on December 8, 2021, (the “2021 Term Loan”). These amendments, among other things, i. extend the maturity dates of the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility and the 2021 Credit Facility to July 1, 2026 and July 1, 2028, respectively; ii. commemorate commitments under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility and the 2021 Credit Facility of $ 6.0 billion and $ 4.0 billion, respectively; and iii. replace the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) pricing benchmark with an Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Reserve (“SOFR”) pricing benchmark. 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility— During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $ 3.0 billion and repaid an aggregate of $ 6.1 billion, including 842.6 million EUR ($ 919.1 million as of the repayment date), of revolving indebtedness under the Company’s 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. The Company used the borrowings to repay outstanding indebtedness, including the 2021 USD Two Year Delayed Draw Term Loan (as defined below), and for general corporate purposes. 2021 Credit Facility— During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $ 3.1 billion and repaid an aggregate of $ 2.6 billion of revolving indebtedness under the Company’s 2021 Credit Facility. The Company used the borrowings to repay outstanding indebtedness, including the 3.50 % Notes and the 3.000 % Notes (each as defined below), and for general corporate purposes. Repayment of 2021 USD Two Year Delayed Draw Term Loan— On June 27, 2023, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under its $ 1.5 billion unsecured term loan entered into in December 2021 (the “2021 USD Two Year Delayed Draw Term Loan”) with borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2023, the key terms under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility, the 2021 Credit Facility, the 2021 Term Loan and the Company’s 825.0 million EUR unsecured term loan, as amended in December 2021 (the “2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan”) were as follows: Outstanding Principal Balance Undrawn letters of credit Maturity Date Current margin over SOFR or EURIBOR (1) Current commitment fee (2) 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility $ 723.4 $ 3.5 July 1, 2026 (3) 1.125 % 0.110 % 2021 Credit Facility 1,603.4 30.4 July 1, 2028 (3) 1.125 % 0.110 % 2021 Term Loan 1,000.0 N/A January 31, 2027 1.125 % N/A 2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan 910.7 N/A May 28, 2024 1.125 % N/A _______________ (1) SOFR applies to the USD denominated borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility, the 2021 Credit Facility and the 2021 Term Loan. Euro Interbank Offer Rate (“EURIBOR”) applies to the EUR denominated borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility and all of the borrowings under the 2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan. (2) Fee on undrawn portion of each credit facility. (3) Subject to two optional renewal periods. The loan agreements for each of the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility, the 2021 Credit Facility, the 2021 Term Loan and the 2021 EUR Three Year Delayed Draw Term Loan contain certain reporting, information, financial and operating covenants and other restrictions (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sales of assets and liens) with which the Company must comply. Failure to comply with the financial and operating covenants of the loan agreements could not only prevent the Company from being able to borrow additional funds under the revolving credit facilities, but may constitute a default, which could result in, among other things, the amounts outstanding under the applicable agreement, including all accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. Senior Notes Repayments of Senior Notes Repayment of 3.50 % Senior Notes— On January 31, 2023, the Company repaid $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 3.50 % senior unsecured notes due 2023 (the “ 3.50 % Notes”) upon their maturity. The 3.50 % Notes were repaid F-29 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) using borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility. Upon completion of the repayment, none of the 3.50 % Notes remained outstanding. Repayment of 3.000 % Senior Notes— On June 15, 2023, the Company repaid $ 700.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 3.000 % senior unsecured notes due 2023 (the “ 3.000 % Notes”) upon their maturity. The 3.000 % Notes were repaid using borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facility. Upon completion of the repayment, none of the 3.000 % Notes remained outstanding. Offerings of Senior Notes 5.500 % Senior Notes and 5.650 % Senior Notes Offering— On March 3, 2023, the Company completed a registered public offering of $ 700.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.500 % senior unsecured notes due 2028 (the “ 5.500 % Notes”) and $ 800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.650 % senior unsecured notes due 2033 (the “ 5.650 % Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $ 1,480.9 million, after deducting commissions and estimated expenses. The Company used the net proceeds to repay existing indebtedness under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility and the 2021 Credit Facility. 4.125 % Senior Notes and 4.625 % Senior Notes Offering— On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a registered public offering of 600.0 million EUR ($ 652.1 million at the date of issuance) aggregate principal amount of 4.125 % senior unsecured notes due 2027 (the “ 4.125 % Notes”) and 500.0 million EUR ($ 543.4 million at the date of issuance) aggregate principal amount of 4.625 % senior unsecured notes due 2031 (the “ 4.625 % Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were approximately 1,089.5 million EUR (approximately $ 1,184.1 million at the date of issuance), after deducting commissions and estimated expenses. The Company used the net proceeds to repay existing indebtedness under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility and the 2021 Credit Facility. 5.250 % Senior Notes and 5.550 % Senior Notes Offering— On May 25, 2023, the Company completed a registered public offering of $ 650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250 % senior unsecured notes due 2028 (the “ 5.250 % Notes”) and $ 850.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.550 % senior unsecured notes due 2033 (the “ 5.550 % Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $ 1,481.9 million, after deducting commissions and estimated expenses. The Company used the net proceeds to repay existing indebtedness under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. 5.800 % Senior Notes and 5.900 % Senior Notes Offering— On September 15, 2023, the Company completed a registered public offering of $ 750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.800 % senior unsecured notes due 2028 (the “ 5.800 % Notes”) and $ 750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.900 % senior unsecured notes due 2033 (the “ 5.900 % Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $ 1,482.8 million, after deducting commissions and estimated expenses. The Company used the net proceeds to repay existing indebtedness under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. The following table outlines key terms related to the Company ’ s outstanding senior notes as of December 31, 2023: Adjustments to Principal Amount (1) Aggregate Principal Amount 2023 2022 Interest payments due (2) Issue Date Par Call Date (3) 0.600 % Notes 500.0 ( 0.0 ) ( 1.1 ) January 15 and July 15 November 20, 2020 N/A 5.00 % Notes (4) 1,000.0 0.1 0.5 February 15 and August 15 August 19, 2013 N/A 3.375 % Notes 650.0 ( 0.3 ) ( 1.7 ) May 15 and November 15 March 15, 2019 April 15, 2024 2.950 % Notes 650.0 ( 1.8 ) ( 3.6 ) January 15 and July 15 June 13, 2019 December 15, 2024 2.400 % Notes 750.0 ( 1.5 ) ( 2.7 ) March 15 and September 15 January 10, 2020 February 15, 2025 1.375 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 1.9 ) ( 3.2 ) April 4 April 6, 2017 January 4, 2025 4.000 % Notes 750.0 ( 1.9 ) ( 3.2 ) June 1 and December 1 May 7, 2015 March 1, 2025 1.300 % Notes 500.0 ( 1.7 ) ( 2.7 ) March 15 and September 15 June 3, 2020 August 15, 2025 4.400 % Notes 500.0 ( 1.3 ) ( 1.9 ) February 15 and August 15 January 12, 2016 November 15, 2025 1.600 % Notes 700.0 ( 2.6 ) ( 3.7 ) April 15 and October 15 March 29, 2021 March 15, 2026 1.950 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 2.3 ) ( 3.2 ) May 22 May 22, 2018 February 22, 2026 1.450 % Notes 600.0 ( 4.1 ) ( 5.5 ) March 15 and September 15 September 27, 2021 August 15, 2026 3.375 % Notes 1,000.0 ( 5.3 ) ( 7.1 ) April 15 and October 15 May 13, 2016 July 15, 2026 3.125 % Notes 400.0 ( 1.1 ) ( 1.4 ) January 15 and July 15 September 30, 2016 October 15, 2026 F-30 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 2.750 % Notes 750.0 ( 3.0 ) ( 3.9 ) January 15 and July 15 October 3, 2019 November 15, 2026 0.450 % Notes (5) 827.9 ( 3.6 ) ( 4.7 ) January 15 May 21, 2021 November 15, 2026 0.400 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 3.7 ) ( 4.9 ) February 15 October 5, 2021 December 15, 2026 3.650 % Notes 650.0 ( 5.2 ) ( 6.7 ) March 15 and September 15 April 1, 2022 February 15, 2027 4.125 % Notes (5) 662.3 ( 3.7 ) — May 16 May 16, 2023 March 16, 2027 3.55 % Notes 750.0 ( 2.9 ) ( 3.7 ) January 15 and July 15 June 30, 2017 April 15, 2027 3.600 % Notes 700.0 ( 4.0 ) ( 4.9 ) January 15 and July 15 December 8, 2017 October 15, 2027 0.500 % Notes (5) 827.9 ( 5.1 ) ( 6.3 ) January 15 September 10, 2020 October 15, 2027 1.500 % Notes 650.0 ( 2.9 ) ( 3.5 ) January 31 and July 31 November 20, 2020 November 30, 2027 5.500 % Notes 700.0 ( 6.4 ) — March 15 and September 15 March 3, 2023 February 15, 2028 5.250 % Notes 650.0 ( 6.1 ) — January 15 and July 15 May 25, 2023 June 15, 2028 5.800 % Notes 750.0 ( 6.6 ) — May 15 and November 15 September 15, 2023 October 15, 2028 3.950 % Notes 600.0 ( 6.3 ) ( 7.4 ) March 15 and September 15 March 15, 2019 December 15, 2028 0.875 % Notes (5) 827.9 ( 4.2 ) ( 5.1 ) May 21 May 21, 2021 February 21, 2029 3.800 % Notes 1,650.0 ( 11.4 ) ( 13.2 ) February 15 and August 15 June 13, 2019 May 15, 2029 2.900 % Notes 750.0 ( 5.8 ) ( 6.6 ) January 15 and July 15 January 10, 2020 October 15, 2029 2.100 % Notes 750.0 ( 6.9 ) ( 7.8 ) June 15 and December 15 June 3, 2020 March 15, 2030 0.950 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 5.9 ) ( 6.8 ) October 5 October 5, 2021 July 5, 2030 1.875 % Notes 800.0 ( 6.7 ) ( 7.5 ) April 15 and October 15 September 28, 2020 July 15, 2030 2.700 % Notes 700.0 ( 5.0 ) ( 5.6 ) April 15 and October 15 March 29, 2021 January 15, 2031 4.625 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 6.7 ) — May 16 May 16, 2023 February 16, 2031 2.300 % Notes 700.0 ( 7.3 ) ( 8.1 ) March 15 and September 15 September 27, 2021 June 15, 2031 1.000 % Notes (5) 717.5 ( 6.0 ) ( 6.8 ) January 15 September 10, 2020 October 15, 2031 4.050 % Notes 650.0 ( 7.1 ) ( 7.8 ) March 15 and September 15 April 1, 2022 December 15, 2031 5.650 % Notes 800.0 ( 9.4 ) — March 15 and September 15 March 3, 2023 December 15, 2032 1.250 % Notes (5) 551.9 ( 6.1 ) ( 6.8 ) May 21 May 21, 2021 February 21, 2033 5.550 % Notes 850.0 ( 9.4 ) — January 15 and July 15 May 25, 2023 April 15, 2033 5.900 % Notes 750.0 ( 8.5 ) — May 15 and November 15 September 15, 2023 August 15, 2033 3.700 % Notes 600.0 ( 7.6 ) ( 7.8 ) April 15 and October 15 October 3, 2019 April 15, 2049 3.100 % Notes (6) 1,050.0 ( 11.4 ) ( 11.7 ) June 15 and December 15 June 3, 2020 December 15, 2049 2.950 % Notes (7) 1,050.0 ( 26.8 ) ( 27.5 ) January 15 and July 15 November 20, 2020 July 15, 2050 _______________ (1) Includes unamortized discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs. (2) Accrued and unpaid interest on USD denominated notes is payable in USD semi-annually in arrears and will be computed from the issue date on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. Interest on EUR denominated notes is payable in EUR annually in arrears and will be computed on the basis of the actual number of days in the period for which interest is being calculated and the actual number of days from and including the last date on which interest was paid on the notes, beginning on the issue date. (3) The Company may redeem the notes at any time, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes plus a make-whole premium, together with accrued interest to the redemption date. If the Company redeems the notes on or after the par call date, the Company will not be required to pay a make-whole premium. (4) The original issue date for the initial 5.00 % Notes was August 19, 2013. The issue date for the reopened 5.00 % Notes was January 10, 2014. (5) Notes are denominated in EUR. (6) The original issue date for the initial 3.100 % Notes was June 3, 2020. The issue date for the reopened 3.100 % Notes was September 28, 2020. (7) The original issue date for the initial 2.950 % Notes was November 20, 2020. The issue date for the reopened 2.950 % Notes was September 27, 2021. F-31 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) The Company may redeem each series of senior notes at any time, subject to the terms of the applicable supplemental indenture, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes plus a make-whole premium, as applicable, together with accrued interest to the redemption date. In addition, if the Company undergoes a change of control and corresponding ratings decline, each as defined in the applicable supplemental indenture for the notes, the Company may be required to repurchase all of the applicable notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the principal amount of such notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including additional interest, if any), up to but not including the repurchase date. The notes rank equally with all of the Company’s other senior unsecured debt and are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of its subsidiaries. Each applicable supplemental indenture for the notes contains certain covenants that restrict the Company’s ability to merge, consolidate or sell assets and its (together with its subsidiaries’) ability to incur liens. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions, including that the Company and its subsidiaries may incur certain liens on assets, mortgages or other liens securing indebtedness if the aggregate amount of indebtedness secured by such liens does not exceed 3.5 x Adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the applicable supplemental indenture. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with each of these covenants. American Tower Subsidiary Debt Securitizations The Company has several securitizations in place. Cash flows generated by the communications sites that secure the securitized debt of the Company are only available for payment of such debt and are not available to pay the Company’s other obligations or the claims of its creditors. However, subject to certain restrictions, the Company holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to service the securitized debt and other obligations arising out of the securitizations. The securitized debt is the obligation of the issuers thereof or borrowers thereunder, as applicable, and their subsidiaries, and not of the Company or its other subsidiaries. American Tower Secured Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1, Class A and Series 2015-2, Class A —In May 2015, GTP Acquisition Partners I, LLC (“GTP Acquisition Partners”), one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, refinanced existing debt with cash on hand and proceeds from a private issuance (the “2015 Securitization”) of $ 350.0 million of American Tower Secured Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1, Class A, which were subsequently repaid on the June 2020 payment date, and $ 525.0 million of American Tower Secured Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2, Class A (the “Series 2015-2 Notes”). The Series 2015-2 Notes were issued by GTP Acquisition Partners pursuant to a Third Amended and Restated Indenture and related series supplements, each dated as of May 29, 2015 (collectively, the “2015 Indenture”), between GTP Acquisition Partners and its subsidiaries (the “GTP Entities”) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The effective weighted average life and interest rate of the 2015 Notes was 8.1 years and 3.029 %, respectively, as of the date of issuance. The outstanding Series 2015-2 Notes are secured by (i) mortgages, deeds of trust and deeds to secure debt on substantially all of the 3,343 communications sites (the “2015 Secured Sites”) owned by the GTP Entities and their operating cash flows, (ii) a security interest in substantially all of the personal property and fixtures of the GTP Entities, including GTP Acquisition Partners’ equity interests in its subsidiaries and (iii) the rights of the GTP Entities under a management agreement. American Tower Holding Sub II, LLC, whose only material assets are its equity interests in GTP Acquisition Partners, has guaranteed repayment of the Series 2015-2 Notes and pledged its equity interests in GTP Acquisition Partners as security for such payment obligations. Repayment of Series 2013-2A Securities —On the March 2023 repayment date, the Company repaid the entire $ 1.3 billion aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Company’s Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2013-2A due 2023 (the “Series 2013-2A Notes”), pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing such securities. The repayment was funded with proceeds from the 2023 Securitization (as defined below). Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2023-1, Subclass A and Series 2023-1, Subclass R, Series 2018-1, Subclass A and Series 2018-1, Subclass R —On March 13, 2023, the Company completed a securitization transaction (the “2023 Securitization”), in which American Tower Trust I (the “Trust”) issued $ 1.3 billion aggregate principal amount of Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2023-1, Subclass A (the “Series 2023-1A Securities”). To satisfy the applicable risk retention requirements of Regulation RR promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act” and, such requirements, the “Risk Retention Rules”), the Trust issued, and one of the Company’s affiliates purchased, $ 68.5 million aggregate principal amount of Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2023-1, Subclass R (the “Series 2023-1R Securities” and, together with the Series 2023-1A Securities, the “2023 Securities”) to retain an “eligible horizontal residual interest” (as defined in the Risk Retention Rules) in an amount equal to at least 5% of the fair value of the 2023 Securities. F-32 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) On March 29, 2018, the Company completed a securitization transaction (the “2018 Securitization,” and, together with the 2023 Securitization, the “Trust Securitizations”), in which the Trust issued $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2018-1, Subclass A (the “Series 2018-1A Securities”). To satisfy the Risk Retention Rules, the Trust issued, and one of the Company’s affiliates purchased, $ 26.4 million aggregate principal amount of Secured Tower Revenue Securities, Series 2018-1, Subclass R (the “Series 2018-1R Securities” and, together with the Series 2018-1A Securities, the “2018 Securities”) to retain an “eligible horizontal residual interest” (as defined in the Risk Retention Rules) in an amount equal to at least 5% of the fair value of the 2018 Securities. The assets of the Trust consist of a nonrecourse loan broken into components or “componentized” (the “Loan”), which secures each of the 2018 Securities and the 2023 Securities. The AMT Asset Subs are jointly and severally liable under the Loan, which is secured primarily by mortgages on the AMT Asset Subs’ interests in 5,034 broadcast and wireless communications towers and related assets (the “Trust Sites”). The 2023 Securities correspond to components of the Loan made to the AMT Asset Subs pursuant to the Second Supplement and Amendment dated as of March 13, 2023 (the “2023 Supplement”) to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of March 29, 2018 (the “Loan Agreement,” which continues to govern the 2018 Securities, and collectively, the “Trust Loan Agreement”). The 2023 Securities (a) represent a pass-through interest in the components of the Loan corresponding to the 2023 Securities and (b) have an expected life of approximately five years with a final repayment date in March 2053. The Series 2023-1A Securities and the Series 2023-1R Securities have interest rates of 5.490 % and 5.735 %, respectively. Subject to certain limited exceptions described below, no payments of principal will be required to be made on the components of the Loan corresponding to the 2023 Securities prior to the monthly payment date in March 2028, which is the anticipated repayment date for those components. The 2018 Securities (a) represent a pass-through interest in the components of the Loan corresponding to the 2018 Securities and (b) have an expected life of approximately ten years with a final repayment date in March 2048. The Series 2018-1A Securities have an interest rate of 3.652 % and the Series 2018-1R Securities have an interest rate of 4.459 %. Subject to certain limited exceptions described below, no payments of principal will be required to be made on the components of the Loan corresponding to the 2018 Securities prior to the monthly payment date in March 2028, which is the anticipated repayment date for such components. The AMT Asset Subs are required to make monthly payments of interest on the Loan. The debt service on the Loan will be paid solely from the cash flows generated from the operation of the Trust Sites held by the AMT Asset Subs. The Loan is secured by (1) mortgages, deeds of trust and deeds to secure debt on substantially all of the Trust Sites and their operating cash flows, (2) a security interest in substantially all of the AMT Asset Subs’ personal property and fixtures and (3) the AMT Asset Subs’ rights under that certain management agreement among the AMT Asset Subs and SpectraSite Communications, LLC entered into in March 2013. American Tower Holding Sub, LLC (the “Guarantor”), whose only material assets are its equity interests in each of the AMT Asset Subs, and American Tower Guarantor Sub, LLC whose only material asset is its equity interests in the Guarantor, have each guaranteed repayment of the Loan and pledged their equity interests in their respective subsidiary or subsidiaries as security for such payment obligations. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement and the 2015 Indenture, amounts due will be paid from the cash flows generated by the Trust Sites or the 2015 Secured Sites, respectively, which must be deposited into certain reserve accounts, and thereafter distributed, solely pursuant to the terms of the Loan Agreement or 2015 Indenture, as applicable. On a monthly basis, after payment of all required amounts under the Loan Agreement or 2015 Indenture, as applicable, including interest payments, subject to the conditions described below, the excess cash flows generated from the operation of such assets are released to the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, as applicable, which can then be distributed to, and used by, the Company. In order to distribute any excess cash flow to the Company, the AMT Asset Subs and GTP Acquisition Partners must each maintain a specified debt service coverage ratio (the “DSCR”), which is generally calculated as the ratio of the net cash flow (as defined in the applicable agreement) to the amount of interest, servicing fees and trustee fees required to be paid over the succeeding 12 months on the principal amount of the Loan or the 2015 Notes, as applicable, that will be outstanding on the payment date following such date of determination. If the DSCR were equal to or below 1.30 x (the “Cash Trap DSCR”) for any quarter, then all cash flow in excess of amounts required to make debt service payments, fund required reserves, pay management fees and budgeted operating expenses and make other payments required under the applicable transaction documents, referred to as excess cash flow, will be deposited into a reserve account (the “Cash Trap Reserve Account”) instead of being released to the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, as applicable. The funds in the Cash Trap Reserve F-33 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Account will not be released to the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, as applicable, unless the DSCR exceeds the Cash Trap DSCR for two consecutive calendar quarters. Additionally, if the borrower under the 2023 Securitization does not meet certain title insurance policy requirements within the specified time period under the agreements, excess cash flow will also be deposited into the Cash Trap Reserve Account. Additionally, an “amortization period” commences if, as of the end of any calendar quarter, the DSCR is equal to or below 1.15 x (the “Minimum DSCR”) and will continue to exist until the DSCR exceeds the Minimum DSCR for two consecutive calendar quarters. With respect to the Trust Securities, an “amortization period” also commences if, on the anticipated repayment date the component of the Loan corresponding to the applicable subclass of the Trust Securities has not been repaid in full, provided that such amortization period shall apply with respect to such component that has not been repaid in full. If the Series 2015-2 Notes have not been repaid in full on the applicable anticipated repayment date, additional interest will accrue on the unpaid principal balance of the Series 2015-2 Notes, and such notes will begin to amortize on a monthly basis from excess cash flow. During an amortization period, all excess cash flow and any amounts then in the applicable Cash Trap Reserve Account would be applied to pay the principal of the Loan or the Series 2015-2 Notes, as applicable, on each monthly payment date. The Loan and the Series 2015-2 Notes may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time, provided such payment is accompanied by the applicable prepayment consideration. If the prepayment occurs within (i) 18 months of the anticipated repayment date with respect to the Series 2015-2 Notes, (ii) 36 months of the anticipated repayment date with respect to the Series 2018 Securities, and (iii) 12 months of the anticipated repayment date for the 2023 Securities, no prepayment consideration is due. The Loan Agreement and the 2015 Indenture include operating covenants and other restrictions customary for transactions subject to rated securitizations. Among other things, the AMT Asset Subs and the GTP Entities, as applicable, are prohibited from incurring other indebtedness for borrowed money or further encumbering their assets subject to customary carve-outs for ordinary course trade payables and permitted encumbrances (as defined in the Loan Agreement or the 2015 Indenture, as applicable). The organizational documents of the AMT Asset Subs and the GTP Entities contain provisions consistent with rating agency securitization criteria for special purpose entities, including the requirement that they maintain independent directors. The Loan Agreement and the 2015 Indenture also contain certain covenants that require the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, as applicable, to provide the respective trustee with regular financial reports and operating budgets, promptly notify such trustee of events of default and material breaches under the Loan Agreement and other agreements related to the Trust Sites or the 2015 Indenture and other agreements related to the 2015 Secured Sites, as applicable, and allow the applicable trustee reasonable access to the sites, including the right to conduct site investigations. A failure to comply with the covenants in the Loan Agreement or the 2015 Indenture could prevent the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, as applicable, from distributing excess cash flow to the Company. Furthermore, if the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners were to default on the Loan or the Series 2015-2 Notes, the applicable trustee may seek to foreclose upon or otherwise convert the ownership of all or any portion of the Trust Sites or the 2015 Secured Sites, respectively, in which case the Company could lose the revenue and cash flows associated with those assets. With respect to the Series 2015-2 Notes, upon the occurrence of, and during, an event of default, the applicable trustee may, in its discretion or at the direction of holders of more than 50 % of the aggregate outstanding principal of the Series 2015-2 Notes, declare such notes immediately due and payable, in which case any excess cash flow would need to be used to pay holders of such notes. Further, under the Loan Agreement and the 2015 Indenture, the AMT Asset Subs or GTP Acquisition Partners, respectively, are required to maintain reserve accounts, including for ground rents, real estate and personal property taxes and insurance premiums, and, under the 2015 Indenture and in certain circumstances under the Loan Agreement, to reserve a portion of advance rents from tenants on the Trust Sites. Based on the terms of the Loan Agreement and the 2015 Indenture, all rental cash receipts received for each month are reserved for the succeeding month and held in an account controlled by the applicable trustee and then released. The $ 69.4 million held in the reserve accounts with respect to the Trust Securitizations and the $ 6.9 million held in the reserve accounts with respect to the 2015 Securitization as of December 31, 2023 are classified as Restricted cash on the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets. India Credit Facilities — The India credit facilities include several working capital facilities, most of which are subject to annual renewal. The working capital facilities bear interest at rates that consist of the applicable bank’s Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate or Market Benchmark (as defined in the applicable agreement), plus a spread. Generally, the working capital facilities are payable on demand prior to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the borrowing capacity of its working capital facilities in India by 2.8 billion INR (approximately $ 33.7 million). As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not borrowed under these facilities. F-34 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Amounts outstanding and key terms of the India credit facilities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 (in millions, except percentages): Amount Outstanding (INR) Amount Outstanding (USD) Interest Rate (Range) Maturity Date (Range) Working capital facilities (1) — $ — 8.33 % - 9.30 % February 4, 2024 - October 23, 2024 _______________ (1) 10.7 billion Indian Rupees (“INR”) ($ 128.7 million) of borrowing capacity as of December 31, 2023. The Company has 0.2 billion INR (approximately $ 2.7 million) of bank guarantees outstanding included within the overall borrowing capacity. Other Subsidiary Debt — The Company’s other subsidiary debt as of December 31, 2023 includes (i) drawn letters of credit in Nigeria (the “Nigeria Letters of Credit”) and (ii) the India Term Loan (as defined below). India Term Loan —On February 16, 2023, the Company entered into an unsecured term loan with the ability to borrow up to 12.0 billion INR (approximately $ 145.1 million at the date of signing) with a maturity date that is one year from the date of the first draw thereunder (the “India Term Loan”). On February 17, 2023, the Company borrowed 10.0 billion INR (approximately $ 120.7 million at the date of borrowing) under the India Term Loan. The India Term Loan bears interest at the three month treasury bill rate as announced by the Financial Benchmarks India Private Limited plus a margin of 1.95 %. Any outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest will be due and payable in full at maturity. The India Term Loan does not require amortization of principal and may be paid prior to maturity in whole or in part at the Company’s option without penalty or premium. Amounts outstanding and key terms of other subsidiary debt consisted of the following as of December 31, (in millions, except percentages): Carrying Value (Denominated Currency) Carrying Value (USD) Interest Rate Maturity Date 2023 2022 2023 2022 Nigeria Letters of Credit (1) 3.4 16.2 $ 3.4 $ 16.2 Various Various India Term Loan (2) 10,000.0 — $ 120.2 $ — 8.89 % February 16, 2024 _______________ (1) Denominated in USD. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we drew on letters of credit in Nigeria. The drawn amounts bear interest at a rate equal to the SOFR at the time of drawing plus a spread. Amounts are due 270 days from the date of drawing. (2) Denominated in INR. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company amended the India Term Loan to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2024. Each of the agreements governing the other subsidiary debt contains contractual covenants and other restrictions. Failure to comply with certain of the financial and operating covenants could constitute a default under the applicable debt agreement, which could result in, among other things, the amounts outstanding, including all accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. Finance Lease Obligations —The Company’s finance lease obligations appro ximated $ 20.6 million and $ 27.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respective ly. Finance lease obligations are described further in note 4. Maturities — Aggregate principal maturities of long-term debt, including finance leases, for the next five years and thereafter are expected to be: Fiscal Year Amount 2024 $ 3,187.5 2025 3,729.9 2026 4,077.5 2027 5,593.6 2028 7,682.2 Thereafter 14,911.1 Total cash obligations 39,181.8 Unamortized discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs, net ( 260.3 ) Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 38,921.5 F-35 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 9. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES Other non-current liabilities consisted of the following: As of December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Unearned revenue $ 475.3 $ 489.5 Other miscellaneous liabilities 745.3 697.3 Other non-current liabilities $ 1,220.6 $ 1,186.8 10. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s asset retirement obligations were as follows: 2023 2022 Beginning balance as of January 1, $ 2,047.4 $ 2,003.0 Additions 12.8 32.9 Accretion expense 118.8 114.8 Revisions in estimates (1) ( 3.1 ) ( 91.2 ) Settlements ( 17.7 ) ( 12.1 ) Balance as of December 31, $ 2,158.2 $ 2,047.4 _______________ (1) Revisions in estimates include an increase to the liability of $ 22.3 million and a decrease to the liability of $ 24.6 million related to foreign currency translation for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated undiscounted future cash outlay for asset retirement obligations was $ 4.0 billion. 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Below are the three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis — The fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured on a recurring basis at fair value were as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Measurements Using Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Investments in equity securities (1) $ 28.2 $ 5.3 — $ 29.2 — — VIL OCDs — $ 192.3 — — — — Liabilities: Interest rate swap agreements — — — — $ 6.2 — Fair value of debt related to interest rate swap agreements (2) — — — $ ( 4.9 ) — — _______________ (1) Investments in equity securities are recorded in Notes receivable and other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses for equity securities are recorded in Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations in the current period. F-36 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 , the Company recognized unrealized gains (losses) of $ 4.3 million and $( 16.7 ) million, respectively, for equity securities held as of December 31, 2023. (2) Included in the carrying values of the corresponding debt obligations as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the interest rate swap agreements under the 3.000 % Notes were settled. Interest Rate Swap Agreements The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements is determined using pricing models with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, changes in the value of the derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the current period, along with the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the Company records the change in fair value for the effective portion of the cash flow hedges in AOCL in the consolidated balance sheets and reclassifies a portion of the value from AOCL into Interest expense on a quarterly basis as the cash flows from the hedged item affects earnings. The Company records the settlement of interest rate swap agreements in (Loss) gain on retirement of long-term obligations in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the settlement occurs. The Company entered into three interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional value of $ 500.0 million related to the 3.000 % Notes. These interest rate swaps, which were designated as fair value hedges at inception, were entered into to hedge against changes in fair value of the 3.000 % Notes resulting from changes in interest rates. The interest rate swap agreements required the Company to pay interest at a variable interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus applicable spreads and to receive fixed interest at a rate of 3.000 % through June 15, 2023. The interest rate swap agreements expired upon repayment of the 3.000 % Notes in full on June 15, 2023 upon maturity. As of December 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under the interest rate swap agreements under the 3.000 % Notes. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no material fair value adjustments related to interest rate swaps. VIL Optionally Convertible Debentures —In February 2023, one of the Company’s customers in India, Vodafone Idea Limited (“VIL”), issued optionally convertible debentures (the “VIL OCDs”) to the Company’s subsidiary, ATC Telecom Infrastructure Private Limited (“ATC TIPL”), in exchange for VIL’s payment of certain amounts towards accounts receivables. The VIL OCDs are (a) to be repaid by VIL with interest or (b) convertible into equity of VIL. If converted, such equity shall be free to trade in the open market beginning on the one year anniversary of the date of issuance of the VIL OCDs. The VIL OCDs were issued for an aggregate face value of 16.0 billion INR (approximately $ 193.2 million on the date of issuance). The VIL OCDs were to mature in tranches with 8.0 billion INR (approximately $ 96.6 million on the date of issuance) maturing on August 27, 2023 and 8.0 billion INR (approximately $ 96.6 million on the date of issuance) maturing on August 27, 2024. In August 2023, the Company amended the agreements governing the VIL OCDs to, among other items, extend the maturity of the first tranche of the VIL OCDs to August 27, 2024. The fair value of the VIL OCDs at issuance was approximately $ 116.5 million. The VIL OCDs accrue interest at a rate of 11.2 % annually. Interest is payable to ATC TIPL semi-annually, with the first payment received in September 2023. The VIL OCDs are recorded in Prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The significant input to the fair value of the VIL OCDs is the lesser of the (i) VIL equity share price underlying the instruments, less a liquidity discount, and (ii) redemption value. Unrealized holding gains and losses for the VIL OCDs are recorded in Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations in the current period. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $ 76.7 million for the VIL OCDs held as of December 31, 2023. Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Assets Held and Used —The Company’s long-lived assets are recorded at amortized cost and, if impaired, are adjusted to fair value using Level 3 inputs. During the year ended December 31, 2023, long-lived assets held and used with a carrying value of $ 35.2 billion, included assets of approximately $ 0.2 billion that were written down to their net realizable value of less than $ 0.1 billion as a result of an asset impairment charge of $ 202.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, long-lived assets held and used with a carrying value of $ 46.1 billion, included assets of approximately $ 0.8 billion that were written down to their net realizable value of approximately $ 0.2 billion as a result of an asset impairment charge of $ 655.9 million. The asset impairment charges are recorded in Other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations . These adjustments were determined by comparing the estimated fair value of the subject assets utilizing projected future discounted cash flows to be provided from the long-lived assets to the asset’s carrying value. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the individual tower and acquired network location intangible assets subject to impairment in 2023 and 2022 included the following: F-37 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Range Weighted Average Range Weighted Average Terminal growth rates on cash flows (1) 2 % to 7 % 3 % 3 % to 7 % 3 % Weighted average cost of capital (2) 6 % to 46 % 10 % 6 % to 35 % 13 % _______________ (1) On a local currency basis. (2) Specific to the country of each impaired asset. Due to the underlying economic characteristics of the markets the Company operates in, the weighted average cost of capital may vary significantly from market to market. The majority of the tenant relationships measured at fair value for impairment purposes in 2022 utilized a weighted average cost of capital of 11 %; however, terminal growth rates are not used in the valuation of acquired tenant-related intangible assets. The table below indicates the percentages of the asset class that were subject to fair value measurement and subsequently impaired for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: 2023 2022 Towers and related assets 1 % 1 % Acquired network location intangible assets 1 % 2 % Acquired tenant-related intangible assets 1 % 5 % The Company believes any reasonable change in the significant unobservable inputs utilized would not have a material impact on the fair value of the assets used in connection with the impairment recorded. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company undertook a process to evaluate various strategic alternatives with respect to its India operations, which resulted in the Pending ATC TIPL Transaction (as defined in note 22) in January 2024. As part of this process, the Company received indications of value from third parties, which were less than the carrying value of the India reporting unit. The Company incorporated this information as a significant input used to determine the fair value of the India reporting unit. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023. The Company determined that the carrying amount of the Spain reporting unit exceeded its fair value, as calculated under an income approach using future discounted cash flows. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the Spain reporting until as of December 31, 2023 included the following: 2023 Terminal growth rates on cash flows 2 % Weighted average cost of capital 7 % During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded goodwill impairments of $ 322.0 million related to India and $ 80.0 million related to Spain, for a total of $ 402.0 million, as discussed further in note 5. There were no other items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2023. Fair Value of Financial Instruments —The Company’s financial instruments for which the carrying value reasonably approximates fair value at December 31, 2023 and 2022 include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company’s estimates of fair value of its long-term obligations, including the current portion, are based primarily upon reported market values. For long-term debt not actively traded, fair value is estimated using either indicative price quotes or a discounted cash flow analysis using rates for debt with similar terms and maturities. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value and fair value of long-term obligations, including the current portion, were $ 38.9 billion and $ 36.7 billion, respectively, of which $ 30.0 billion was measured using Level 1 inputs and $ 6.7 billion was measured using Level 2 inputs. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value and fair value of long-term obligations, including the current portion, were $ 38.7 billion and $ 35.1 billion, respectively, of which $ 24.5 billion was measured using Level 1 inputs and $ 10.6 billion was measured using Level 2 inputs. F-38 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 12. INCOME TAXES Beginning in the taxable year ended December 31, 2012, the Company has filed, and intends to continue to file, U.S. federal income tax returns as a REIT, and its domestic TRSs filed, and intend to continue to file, separate tax returns as required. The Company also files tax returns in various states and countries. The Company’s state tax returns reflect different combinations of the Company’s subsidiaries and are dependent on the connection each subsidiary has with a particular state and form of organization. The following information pertains to the Company’s income taxes on a consolidated basis. The income tax provision from continuing operations consisted of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Current: Federal $ ( 1.0 ) $ ( 6.5 ) $ ( 26.0 ) State ( 4.9 ) ( 5.8 ) ( 9.3 ) Foreign ( 330.3 ) ( 248.4 ) ( 267.7 ) Deferred: Federal 1.8 ( 2.8 ) 0.0 State 0.8 0.8 ( 2.5 ) Foreign 179.4 238.7 43.7 Income tax provision $ ( 154.2 ) $ ( 24.0 ) $ ( 261.8 ) The effective tax rate (“ETR”) on income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the Company’s qualification for taxation as a REIT, as well as adjustments for state and foreign items. As a REIT, the Company may deduct earnings distributed to stockholders against the income generated by its REIT operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the increase in the income tax provision was primarily attributable to increased earnings in certain foreign jurisdictions in the current year after adjusting for non-deductible amounts, partially offset by a benefit in the current year from the application of a tax law change in Kenya. The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2022 included a reduction in income due to intangible asset impairment charges in India. The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2023 included the reversal of valuation allowances of $ 87.2 million in certain foreign jurisdictions as compared to the reversal of valuation allowances of $ 76.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Reconciliation between the U.S. statutory rate and the effective rate from continuing operations is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Statutory tax rate 21 % 21 % 21 % Adjustment to reflect REIT status (1) ( 21 ) ( 21 ) ( 21 ) Foreign taxes 9 ( 1 ) 3 Foreign withholding taxes 4 4 2 Uncertain tax positions 4 2 4 Changes in tax laws ( 2 ) — — Changes in valuation allowance ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ( 0 ) Effective tax rate 10 % 1 % 9 % _______________ (1) As a result of the ability to utilize the dividends paid deduction to offset the Company’s REIT income and gains. F-39 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) The domestic and foreign components of income from continuing operations before income taxes are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 United States $ 1,371.4 $ 1,973.2 $ 2,517.4 Foreign 149.9 ( 252.5 ) 312.0 Total $ 1,521.3 $ 1,720.7 $ 2,829.4 The components of the net deferred tax asset and liability and related valuation allowance were as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets: Operating lease liability $ 1,147.3 $ 1,117.4 Net operating loss carryforwards 276.4 265.5 Accrued asset retirement obligations 245.9 238.5 Stock-based compensation 8.5 8.1 Unearned revenue 35.8 32.7 Unrealized loss on foreign currency 20.8 24.4 Other accruals and allowances 89.1 84.1 Nondeductible interest 67.1 93.4 Tax credits 158.8 106.8 Capital loss carryforwards (1) 175.0 5.8 Items not currently deductible and other 84.5 44.3 Liabilities: Depreciation and amortization ( 1,718.1 ) ( 1,792.6 ) Right-of-use asset ( 1,147.2 ) ( 1,118.5 ) Deferred rent ( 133.9 ) ( 113.0 ) Other ( 58.8 ) ( 24.0 ) Subtotal ( 748.8 ) ( 1,027.1 ) Valuation allowance ( 433.5 ) ( 335.7 ) Net deferred tax liabilities $ ( 1,182.3 ) $ ( 1,362.8 ) _______________ (1) As of December 31, 2023 includes amounts related to the sale of Mexico Fiber. The Company provides valuation allowances if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management assesses the available evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances may be reversed if, based on changes in facts and circumstances, the net deferred tax assets have been determined to be realizable. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has provided a valuation allowance of $ 433.5 million and $ 335.7 million, respectively, which primarily relates to foreign items. The increase in the valuation allowance for the year ending December 31, 2023 is due to uncertainty as to the timing of, and the Company’s ability to recover, net deferred tax assets in certain foreign operations in the foreseeable future, offset by reversals and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if objective evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as the Company’s projections for growth. F-40 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) A summary of the activity in the valuation allowance is as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Balance as of January 1, $ 335.7 $ 329.3 $ 228.5 Additions (1) 249.1 93.9 146.3 Usage, expiration and reversals ( 87.2 ) ( 76.5 ) ( 26.2 ) Foreign currency translation ( 64.1 ) ( 11.0 ) ( 19.3 ) Balance as of December 31, $ 433.5 $ 335.7 $ 329.3 _______________ (1) Includes net charges to expense and allowances established due to acquisition. The recoverability of the Company’s deferred tax assets has been assessed utilizing projections based on its current operations. Accordingly, the recoverability of the deferred tax assets is not dependent on material asset sales or other non-routine transactions. Based on its current outlook of future taxable income during the carryforward period, the Company believes that deferred tax assets, other than those for which a valuation allowance has been recorded, will be realized. The Company intends to reinvest foreign earnings indefinitely outside of the U.S., except for earnings in certain entities in Brazil, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Jersey, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Any tax consequences for future distributions have been recorded as deferred tax liabilities. At December 31, 2023, the Company had net federal, state and foreign operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. If not utilized, the Company’s NOLs expire as follows: Years ended December 31, Federal State Foreign 2024 to 2028 $ 0.0 $ 217.1 $ 3.7 2029 to 2033 0.7 47.1 4.0 2034 to 2038 66.9 150.9 1.1 2039 to 2043 — 97.2 9.3 Indefinite carryforward 283.0 60.4 928.7 Total $ 350.6 $ 572.7 $ 946.8 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the ETR, if recognized, is $ 130.7 million and $ 103.6 million, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes additions to the Company’s existing tax positions of $ 50.5 million. The Company expects the unrecognized tax benefits to change over the next 12 months if certain tax matters ultimately settle with the applicable taxing jurisdiction during this timeframe, or if the applicable statute of limitations lapses. The impact of the amount of such changes to previously recorded uncertain tax positions could range from zero to $ 13.9 million. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 115.5 $ 108.8 $ 136.2 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 42.5 13.3 7.5 Additions and reductions for tax positions of prior years (1) 0.4 18.2 ( 17.5 ) Foreign currency 3.7 ( 5.3 ) ( 3.7 ) Reduction as a result of the lapse of statute of limitations ( 2.1 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 4.9 ) Reduction as a result of effective settlements ( 5.9 ) ( 18.9 ) ( 8.8 ) Balance at December 31 $ 154.1 $ 115.5 $ 108.8 _______________ (1) Year ended December 31, 2021 includes adjustments of $( 16.6 ) million due to a reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits to penalties and income tax-related interest expense. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the statute of limitations on certain unrecognized tax benefits lapsed and certain positions were effectively settled, including effective settlements and revisions of prior year positions, which resulted in a decrease of $ 15.5 million in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the statute of F-41 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) limitations on certain unrecognized tax benefits lapsed and certain positions were effectively settled, including effective settlements and revisions of prior year positions, which resulted in a decrease of $ 23.1 million in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the statute of limitations on certain unrecognized tax benefits lapsed and certain positions were effectively settled, including effective settlements and revisions of prior year positions related to the Eaton Towers Acquisition, which resulted in a decrease in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $ 54.2 million. The Company recorded penalties and tax-related interest expense to the tax provision of $ 26.2 million, $ 20.6 million and $ 69.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reduced its liability for penalties and income tax-related interest expense related to uncertain tax positions by $ 9.7 million due to the expiration of the statute of limitations in certain jurisdictions and certain positions that were effectively settled. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company reduced its liability for penalties and income tax-related interest expense related to uncertain tax positions by $ 19.9 million and $ 14.6 million, respectively, due to the expiration of the statute of limitations in certain jurisdictions and certain positions that were effectively settled. In addition, as a result of a settlement in the United States, $ 45.8 million was reclassified to Accrued income tax payable as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total amount of accrued income tax-related interest and penalties included in the consolidated balance sheets were $ 62.8 million and $ 43.3 million, respectively. The Company has filed for prior taxable years, and for its taxable year ended December 31, 2023 will file, numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns, including U.S. federal and state tax returns and foreign tax returns. The Company is subject to examination in the United States and various state and foreign jurisdictions for certain tax years. As a result of the Company’s ability to carryforward federal, state and foreign NOLs, the applicable tax years generally remain open to examination several years after the applicable loss carryforwards have been used or have expired. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the tax jurisdictions resulting from these examinations. The Company believes that adequate provisions have been made for income taxes for all periods through December 31, 2023. 13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Plans —The Company maintains equity incentive plans that provide for the grant of stock-based awards to its directors, officers and employees. The Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2007 Plan”), provides for the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options, as well as restricted stock units, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. Exercise prices for non-qualified and incentive stock options are not less than the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Awards of RSUs and stock options granted prior to March 10, 2023 generally vest over four years . In December 2022, the Company’s Compensation Committee changed the terms of its awards to generally vest over three years . The change in vesting terms is applicable for new awards granted beginning on March 10, 2023 and does not change the vesting terms applicable to grants awarded prior to March 10, 2023. The impact of the change in vesting terms was $ 7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) generally vest over three years . Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had the ability to grant stock-based awards with respect to an aggregate of 4.1 million shares of common stock under the 2007 Plan. In addition, the Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) pursuant to which eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company’s common stock on the last day of each bi-annual offering period at a 15 % discount from the lower of the closing market value on the first or last day of such offering period. The offering periods run from June 1 through November 30 and from December 1 through May 31 of each year. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded the following stock-based compensation expenses in selling, general, administrative and development expense: 2023 2022 2021 Stock-based compensation expense (1) $ 195.7 $ 169.3 $ 119.5 _______________ (1) For the year ended December 31, 2023, excludes $ 7.6 million of stock-based compensation expenses related to severance recorded in Other operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Stock Options —There were no options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The fair values of previously granted stock options were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the assumptions at the date of grant. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $ 9.3 million, $ 34.3 million and $ 176.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation expense F-42 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) related to unvested stock options. The amount of cash received from the exercise of stock options was $ 7.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s option activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows (share and per share data disclosed in full amounts): Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding as of January 1, 2023 855,154 $ 91.82 Granted — — Exercised ( 88,199 ) 87.40 Forfeited — — Expired — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 766,955 $ 92.33 1.34 $ 94.8 Exercisable as of December 31, 2023 766,955 $ 92.33 1.34 $ 94.8 Vested as of December 31, 2023 766,955 $ 92.33 1.34 $ 94.8 The following table sets forth information regarding options outstanding at December 31, 2023 (share and per share data disclosed in full amounts): Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Price Per Share Outstanding Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) Options Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share $ 81.18 - $ 94.23 148,033 $ 81.55 0.24 148,033 $ 81.55 $ 94.57 - $ 94.71 608,683 94.64 1.59 608,683 94.64 $ 99.67 - $ 113.60 10,239 110.75 2.45 10,239 110.75 $ 81.18 - $ 113.60 766,955 $ 92.33 1.34 766,955 $ 92.33 Restricted Stock Units and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units — The Company’s RSU and PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows (share and per share data disclosed in full amounts): RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value PSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding as of January 1, 2023 (1) 1,382,879 $ 230.80 276,468 $ 226.40 Granted (2) 960,583 191.33 166,440 193.64 Vested and Released (3) ( 630,025 ) 224.41 ( 79,232 ) 241.47 Forfeited ( 74,726 ) 211.65 ( 188 ) 187.01 Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 1,638,711 $ 210.94 363,488 $ 208.14 Expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 1,638,711 $ 210.94 363,488 $ 208.14 Vested and deferred as of December 31, 2023 (4) 30,259 $ 220.03 — $ — _______________ (1) PSUs consist of the target number of shares issuable at the end of the three-year performance period for the 2022 PSUs and the 2021 PSUs (each as defined below), or 98,542 shares and 98,694 shares, respectively, and the shares issuable at the end of the three-year performance period for the PSUs granted in 2020 (the “2020 PSUs”) based on achievement against the performance metrics for the three-year performance period, or 79,232 shares. (2) PSUs consist of the target number of shares issuable at the end of the three-year performance period for the 2023 PSUs (as defined below), or 118,684 shares, and target number of shares issuable at the end of the one-year performance period for the Retention PSUs (as defined below), or 19,132 shares. PSUs also includes the shares above target that are issuable for the 2021 PSUs at the end of the three-year performance cycle based on exceeding the performance metric for the three-year performance period, or 28,624 shares. (3) PSUs consist of shares vested pursuant to the 2020 PSUs. There are no additional shares to be earned related to the 2020 PSUs. (4) Vested and deferred RSUs are related to deferred compensation for certain former employees. The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $ 137.2 million. Restricted Stock Units— As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs granted under the 2007 Plan was $ 172.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two F-43 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) years . Vesting of RSUs is subject generally to the employee’s continued employment or death, disability or qualified retirement (each as defined in the applicable RSU award agreement). Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units— During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) granted an aggregate of 118,684 PSUs (the “2023 PSUs”) to its executive officers and established the performance metrics for these awards. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 98,542 PSUs (the “2022 PSUs”), 98,694 PSUs (the “2021 PSUs”), respectively, to its executive officers and established the performance metrics for these awards. Threshold, target and maximum parameters were established for the metrics for a three-year performance period with respect to each of the 2023 PSUs, the 2022 PSUs and the 2021 PSUs and will be used to calculate the number of shares that will be issuable when each award vests, which may range from zero to 200 % of the target amounts. At the end of each three-year performance period, the number of shares that vest will depend on the degree of achievement against the pre-established performance goals. PSUs will be paid out in common stock at the end of each performance period, subject generally to the executive’s continued employment or death, disability or qualified retirement (each as defined in the applicable PSU award agreement). PSUs will accrue dividend equivalents prior to vesting, which will be paid out only in respect of shares that actually vest. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 19,132 PSUs to certain non-executive employees (the “Retention PSUs”) and established the performance metrics for these awards. Target parameters were established for a one-year performance period and will be used to calculate the number of shares that will be issuable when the awards vest, which may be either zero or 100 % of the target amount. At the end of the one-year performance period, the number of shares that vest will depend on the achievement against the pre-established performance goals. The Retention PSUs will be paid out in common stock at the end of performance period, subject generally to the employee’s continued employment, death or disability (each as defined in the applicable award agreement). The Retention PSUs will accrue dividend equivalents prior to vesting, which will be paid out only in respect of shares that actually vest. The Company recognized $ 3.5 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the Retention PSUs. As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to the Retention PSUs. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $ 34.0 million in stock-based compensation expense for equity awards in which the performance goals have been established and were probable of being achieved. The remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards at December 31, 2023 was $ 5.9 million based on the Company’s current assessment of the probability of achieving the performance goals. The weighted-average period over which the cost will be recognized is approximately two years . 14. EQUITY Dividends —The Company may pay dividends in cash or, subject to certain limitations, in shares of common stock or any combination of cash and shares of common stock. Sales of Equity Securities —The Company receives proceeds from sales of its equity securities pursuant to the ESPP and upon exercise of stock options granted under the 2007 Plan. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received an aggregate of $ 22.1 million in proceeds upon exercises of stock options and sales pursuant to the ESPP. Stock Repurchase Programs —In March 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $ 1.5 billion of its common stock (the “2011 Buyback”). In December 2017, the Board of Directors approved an additional stock repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $ 2.0 billion of its common stock (the “2017 Buyback,” and, together with the 2011 Buyback, the “Buyback Programs”). During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no repurchases under either of the Buyback Programs. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has repurchased a total of 14,451,325 shares of its common stock under the 2011 Buyback for an aggregate of $ 1.5 billion, including commissions and fees. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not made any repurchases under the 2017 Buyback. Under the Buyback Programs, the Company is authorized to purchase shares from time to time through open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions not to exceed market prices and subject to market conditions and other factors. With respect to open market purchases, the Company may use plans adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act in accordance with securities laws and other legal requirements, which allows the Company to repurchase shares during F-44 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) periods when it may otherwise be prevented from doing so under insider trading laws or because of self-imposed trading blackout periods. The Company expects to fund any further repurchases of its common stock through a combination of cash on hand, cash generated by operations and borrowings under its credit facilities. Repurchases under the Buyback Programs are subject to, among other things, the Company having available cash to fund the repurchases. Distributions — During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared the following cash distributions (per share data reflects actual amounts): For the year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Distribution per share Aggregate Payment Amount Distribution per share Aggregate Payment Amount Distribution per share Aggregate Payment Amount Common Stock $ 6.45 $ 3,006.7 $ 5.86 $ 2,715.3 $ 5.21 $ 2,359.4 The following table characterizes the tax treatment of distributions declared per share of common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Per Share % Per Share % Per Share % Common Stock Ordinary dividend $ 6.3100 100.00 % $ 4.3000 100.00 % $ 6.1980 96.54 % Capital gains distribution — — — — 0.2220 3.46 Total $ 6.3100 (1) 100.00 % $ 4.3000 (2) 100.00 % $ 6.4200 (3) 100.00 % _______________ (1) Excludes dividend declared on December 13, 2023 of $ 1.70 per share, which was paid on February 1, 2024 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 28, 2023 and which will apply to the 2024 tax year. Includes dividend declared on December 7, 2022 of $ 1.56 per share, which was paid on February 2, 2023 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 28, 2022 and which applied to the 2023 tax year. (2) Excludes dividend declared on December 7, 2022 of $ 1.56 per share, which was paid on February 2, 2023 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 28, 2022 and which applied to the 2023 tax year. (3) Includes dividend declared on December 15, 2021 of $ 1.39 per share, which was paid on January 14, 2022 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 27, 2021. Also includes dividend declared on December 3, 2020 of $ 1.21 per share, which was paid on February 2, 2021 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on December 28, 2020 and which applied to the 2021 tax year. The Company accrues distributions on unvested restricted stock units, which are payable upon vesting. The amount accrued for distributions payable related to unvested restricted stock units was $ 21.5 million and $ 17.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid $ 9.0 million of distributions upon the vesting of restricted stock units. To maintain its qualification for taxation as a REIT, the Company expects to continue paying distributions, the amount, timing and frequency of which will be determined, and subject to adjustment, by the Company’s Board of Directors. 15. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS European Interests— In 2021 , PGGM converted its previously held noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary that primarily consisted of the Company’s operations in France, Germany and Poland (“Former ATC Europe”) into noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries, consisting of the Company's operations in Germany and Spain. In 2021, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (“CDPQ”) and Allianz insurance companies and funds managed by Allianz Capital Partners GmbH, including the Allianz European Infrastructure Fund (collectively, “Allianz”) acquired 30 % and 18 % noncontrolling interests, respectively, in ATC Europe (the “ATC Europe Transactions”) for total aggregate consideration of 2.6 billion EUR (approximately $ 3.1 billion at the date of closing). As of December 31, 2023, ATC Europe consists of the Company’s operations in France, Germany and Spain. The Company currently holds a 52 % controlling interest in ATC Europe, with CDPQ and Allianz holding 30 % and 18 % noncontrolling interests, respectively. ATC Europe holds a 100 % interest in the subsidiaries that consist of the Company’s operations in France and an 87 % and an 83 % controlling interest in the subsidiaries that consist of the Company’s operations in Germany and Spain, respectively, with PGGM holding a 13 % and a 17 % noncontrolling interest in each respective subsidiary. F-45 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Bangladesh Partnership —In August 2021, the Company acquired a 51 % controlling interest in in Kirtonkhola Tower Bangladesh Limited (“KTBL”) for 900 million BDT (approximately $ 10.6 million at the date of closing). Confidence Group holds a 49 % noncontrolling interest in KTBL. Stonepeak Transaction —In July 2022, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which certain investment vehicles affiliated with Stonepeak Partners LP (such investment vehicles, collectively, “Stonepeak”) acquired a noncontrolling ownership interest in the Company’s U.S. data center business. The transaction was completed in August 2022 for total aggregate consideration of $ 2.5 billion, through an investment in common equity of $ 1,750.0 million and mandatorily convertible preferred equity of $ 750.0 million. In October 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Stonepeak for Stonepeak to acquire additional common equity and mandatorily preferred equity interests in the Company’s U.S. data center business for total aggregate consideration of $ 570.0 million (together with the August 2022 closing, the “Stonepeak Transaction”). As of December 31, 2023, the Company holds a common equity interest of approximately 72 % in its U.S. data center business, with Stonepeak holding approximately 28 % of the outstanding common equity and 100 % of the outstanding mandatorily convertible preferred equity. On a fully converted basis, which is expected to occur four years from the date of the initial closing in August 2022, and on the basis of the currently outstanding equity, the Company will hold a controlling ownership interest of approximately 64 %, with Stonepeak holding approximately 36 %. The mandatorily convertible preferred equity, which accrues dividends at 5.0 %, will convert into common equity on a one for one basis, subject to adjustment that will be measured on the conversion date. Dividends to noncontrolling interests— Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries may, from time to time, declare dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s U.S. data center business had distributions of $ 46.1 million related to the outstanding Stonepeak mandatorily convertible preferred equity (the “Stonepeak Preferred Distributions”). As of December 31, 2023, the amount accrued for Stonepeak Preferred Distributions was $ 11.6 million. Beginning in January 2024, pursuant to the terms of the ownership agreement with Stonepeak, on a quarterly basis, the Company’s U.S. data center business will distribute common dividends to the Company and to Stonepeak in proportion to their respective equity interests in the Company’s U.S. data center business (the “Stonepeak Common Dividend”). As of December 31, 2023, the amount accrued for the Stonepeak Common Dividend was $ 91.7 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, AT Iberia C.V., one of the Company’s subsidiaries in Spain, declared and paid a dividend of 48.0 million EUR (approximately $ 53.0 million at the date of payment), pursuant to the terms of the ownership agreements, to ATC Europe and PGGM in proportion to their respective equity interests in AT Iberia C.V. The changes in noncontrolling interests were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Balance as of January 1, $ 6,836.1 $ 3,988.4 Stonepeak Transaction (1) — 3,070.0 Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 116.2 ) ( 69.1 ) Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax 81.4 ( 185.6 ) Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders 12.7 55.4 Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders (2) ( 146.8 ) ( 23.0 ) Balance as of December 31, $ 6,667.2 $ 6,836.1 _______________ (1) Represents the impact of contributions received from Stonepeak described above on Noncontrolling interests. Reflected within Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in the consolidated statements of equity. (2) For the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily includes the Stonepeak Common Dividend and the Stonepeak Preferred Distributions. For the year ended December 31, 2022, includes $ 16.7 million of Stonepeak Preferred Distributions and dividends of $ 5.5 million paid to PGGM. 16. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE Other operating expense consists primarily of impairment charges, net losses on sales or disposals of assets and other operating expense items. The Company records impairment charges to write down certain assets to their net realizable value after an indicator of impairment is identified and subsequent analysis determines that the asset is either partially recoverable or not recoverable. These assets consist primarily of those related to the Company’s tower locations, and included towers and related assets included in property and equipment, network location intangible assets and right-of-use assets, all of which are typically F-46 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) assessed on an individual location or site basis. The assets subject to impairment also include tenant-related intangibles, which are assessed on a tenant basis. Net losses on sales or disposals of assets primarily relate to certain non-core towers, other assets and miscellaneous items. Other operating expenses includes acquisition- and disposition-related costs and integration costs. Other operating expenses included the following for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 Impairment charges (1) $ 202.4 $ 655.9 $ 173.7 Net losses on sales or disposals of assets (2) 125.4 28.4 22.7 Other operating expenses (3) 49.9 83.3 202.3 Total Other operating expenses $ 377.7 $ 767.6 $ 398.7 _______________ (1) For the year ended December 31, 2022, impairment charges primarily relate to India, as discussed below. (2) For the year ended December 31, 2023, includes a net loss of $ 78.9 million on the sales of Mexico Fiber and ATC Poland. (3) For the year ended December 31, 2023, includes severance and related costs as discussed below. For the year ended December 31, 2021, includes acquisition and merger related expenses associated with the Telxius Acquisition and the CoreSite Acquisition. Impairment charges included the following for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 Tower and network location intangible assets (1) $ 95.7 $ 149.6 $ 121.0 Tenant relationships (2) 90.2 491.1 42.2 Other (3) 16.5 15.2 10.5 Total impairment charges included in Other operating expense $ 202.4 $ 655.9 $ 173.7 Goodwill impairment (4) $ 402.0 $ — $ — Total impairment charges $ 604.4 $ 655.9 $ 173.7 _______________ (1) During the year ended December 31, 2022, impairment charges primarily relate to India, as discussed below. (2) During the year ended December 31, 2023, impairment charges relate to impaired tenant relationships in Africa. During the year ended December 31, 2022, impairment charges primarily relate to India, as discussed below, and impaired tenant relationships related to fiber in Mexico. During the year ended December 31, 2021, impairment charges relate to a fully impaired tenant relationship in Africa. (3) Includes impairment charges related to right-of-use assets. (4) During the year ended December 31, 2023, includes goodwill impairment associated with the India and Spain reporting units (as discussed in note 5). India Impairments The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment annually (as of December 31) or whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an assets may not be recoverable, as further discussed in note 1. In the third quarter of 2022, VIL, communicated that it would make partial payments of its contractual amounts owed to the Company and indicated that it would continue to make partial payments for the remainder of 2022. In late 2022, VIL had communicated its intent to resume payments in full under its contractual obligations owed to the Company beginning on January 1, 2023. However, in early 2023, VIL communicated that it would not be able to resume payments in full of its contractual obligations owed to the Company, and that it would instead continue to make partial payments. In the second half of 2023, VIL began making payments in full of its monthly contractual obligations owed to the Company. The Company considered these developments and the uncertainty with respect to amounts owed under its tenant leases when conducting its 2022 annual impairment assessments for long-lived assets in India. A probability weighted assessment was performed, incorporating current and expected industry and market conditions and trends and, as a result, the Company determined that certain fixed and intangible assets had been impaired during the year ended December 31, 2022. • An impairment of $ 97.0 million was taken on tower and network location intangible assets in India. • The Company also impaired the tenant-related intangible assets for VIL, which resulted in an impairment of $ 411.6 million. The Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $ 322.0 million in India during the year ended December 31, 2023 as discussed in note 5. The goodwill impairment charge is recorded in Goodwill impairment in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. F-47 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Severance During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company approved a plan for restructuring its workforce, which was communicated to its employees. As a result of these actions, severance and related costs of $ 21.8 million were recorded in Other operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. Additional information relating to the severance and related costs by operating segments is as follows for the year ended December 31,: 2023 U.S. & Canada property $ 2.4 Africa property 0.7 Europe property 2.8 Latin America property 4.7 Services 3.4 Other (1) 7.8 Total severance and related costs $ 21.8 _______________ (1) Includes corporate expenses . Unpaid obligations for severance and related costs as of December 31, 2023, are included in Payroll and related withholdings within Accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023: The changes in the unpaid obligations for severance and related costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows: 2023 Beginning balance as of January 1, $ — Additions 21.8 Payments ( 19.9 ) Balance as of December 31, $ 1.9 17. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE The following table sets forth basic and diluted net income per common share computational data for the years ended December 31, (shares in thousands, except per share data): 2023 2022 2021 Net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders $ 1,483.3 $ 1,765.8 $ 2,567.7 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 466,063 461,519 451,498 Dilutive securities 1,099 1,231 1,796 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 467,162 462,750 453,294 Basic net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders per common share $ 3.18 $ 3.83 $ 5.69 Diluted net income attributable to American Tower Corporation common stockholders per common share $ 3.18 $ 3.82 $ 5.66 Shares Excluded From Dilutive Effect The following shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, (in thousands, on a weighted average basis): 2023 2022 2021 Restricted stock awards 5 86 — 18. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Litigation —The Company periodically becomes involved in various claims, lawsuits and proceedings that are incidental to its business. In the opinion of Company management, after consultation with counsel, there are no matters currently pending that F-48 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) would, in the event of an adverse outcome, materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Verizon Transaction —In March 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with various operating entities of Verizon Communications Inc. (“Verizon”) that currently provides for the lease, sublease or management of approximately 11,200 wireless communications sites, which commenced on March 27, 2015. The average term of the lease or sublease for all communications sites at the inception of the agreement was approximately 28 years, assuming renewals or extensions of the underlying ground leases for the sites. The Company has the option to purchase the leased sites in tranches, subject to the applicable lease, sublease or management rights upon its scheduled expiration. Each tower is assigned to an annual tranche, ranging from 2034 to 2047, which represents the outside expiration date for the sublease rights to the towers in that tranche. The purchase price for each tranche is a fixed amount stated in the lease for such tranche plus the fair market value of certain alterations made to the related towers. The aggregate purchase option price for the towers leased and subleased is approximately $ 5.0 billion. Verizon will occupy the sites as a tenant for an initial term of ten years with eight optional successive five-year terms; each such term shall be governed by standard master lease agreement terms established as a part of the transaction. AT&T Transaction —The Company has an agreement with SBC Communications Inc., a predecessor entity to AT&T Inc. (“AT&T”), that currently provides for the lease or sublease of approximately 1,800 towers, which commenced between December 2000 and August 2004. Substantially all of the towers are part of the Trust Securitizations. The average term of the lease or sublease for all sites at the inception of the agreement was approximately 27 years, assuming renewals or extensions of the underlying ground leases for the sites. The Company has the option to purchase the sites subject to the applicable lease or sublease upon its expiration. Each tower is assigned to an annual tranche, ranging from 2013 to 2032, which represents the outside expiration date for the sublease rights to that tower. The purchase price for each site is a fixed amount stated in the lease for that site plus the fair market value of certain alterations made to the related tower by AT&T. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has purchased an aggregate of approximately 600 of the subleased towers which are subject to the applicable agreement, including 59 towers purchased during the year ended December 31, 2023 for an aggregate purchase price of $ 40.9 million. The aggregate purchase option price for the remaining towers leased and subleased is $ 1.1 billion and includes per annum accretion through the applicable expiration of the lease or sublease of a site. For all such sites, AT&T has the right to continue to lease the reserved space through June 30, 2025 at the then-current monthly fee, which shall escalate in accordance with the standard master lease agreement for the remainder of AT&T’s tenancy. Thereafter, AT&T shall have the right to renew such lease for up to five successive five-year terms. Other Contingencies —The Company is subject to income tax and other taxes in the geographic areas where it holds assets or operates, and periodically receives notifications of audits, assessments or other actions by taxing authorities. Taxing authorities may issue notices or assessments while audits are being conducted. In certain jurisdictions, taxing authorities may issue assessments with minimal examination. These notices and assessments do not represent amounts that the Company is obligated to pay and are often not reflective of the actual tax liability for which the Company will ultimately be liable. In the process of responding to assessments of taxes that the Company believes are not enforceable, the Company avails itself of both administrative and judicial remedies. The Company evaluates the circumstances of each notification or assessment based on the information available and, in those instances in which the Company does not anticipate a successful defense of positions taken in its tax filings, a liability is recorded in the appropriate amount based on the underlying assessment. Guaranties and Indemnifications —The Company enters into agreements from time to time in the ordinary course of business pursuant to which it agrees to guarantee or indemnify third parties for certain claims. The Company has also entered into purchase and sale agreements relating to the sale or acquisition of assets containing customary indemnification provisions. The Company’s indemnification obligations under these agreements generally are limited solely to damages resulting from breaches of representations and warranties or covenants under the applicable agreements. In addition, payments under such indemnification clauses are generally conditioned on the other party making a claim that is subject to whatever defenses the Company may have and are governed by dispute resolution procedures specified in the particular agreement. Further, the Company’s obligations under these agreements may be limited in duration and amount, and in some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties for payments made by the Company. The Company has not historically made any material payments under these agreements and, as of December 31, 2023, is not aware of any agreements that could result in a material payment. F-49 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 19. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash investing and financing activities are as follows for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 Supplemental cash flow information: Cash paid for interest $ 1,260.0 $ 1,088.6 $ 791.2 Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds of $ 31.5 , $ 33.9 and $ 46.7 , respectively) 306.5 322.3 225.2 Non-cash investing and financing activities: (Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses for purchases of property and equipment and construction activities ( 14.7 ) 27.2 57.9 Purchases of property and equipment under finance leases, perpetual easements and capital leases 31.5 33.6 58.8 Fair value of debt assumed through acquisitions (1) — — 955.1 Settlement of third-party debt — ( 7.4 ) ( 12.7 ) Replacement awards (2) — — 17.1 _______________ (1) For the year ended December 31, 2021, consists of repayment of debt assumed in connection with the CoreSite Acquisition, including senior unsecured notes previously entered into by CoreSite. (2) For the year ended December 31, 2021, consists of CoreSite Acquisition purchase consideration related to CoreSite Replacement Awards. 20. BUSINESS SEGMENTS Property Communications Sites and Related Communications Infrastructure —The Company’s primary business is leasing space on multitenant communications sites to wireless service providers, radio and television broadcast companies, wireless data providers, government agencies and municipalities and tenants in a number of other industries. The Company has historically reported these operations on a geographic basis. Data Centers — In December 2021, the Company completed the CoreSite Acquisition, through which it acquired over 20 data center facilities and related assets in eight United States markets. As a result of the CoreSite Acquisition, the Company established the Data Centers segment as a reportable segment in the fourth quarter of 2021. The Company’s Data Centers segment relates to data center facilities and related assets that the Company owns and operates in the United States. The Data Centers segment offers different types of leased land and related services from, and requires different resources, skill sets and marketing strategies than the existing property operating segment in the U.S. & Canada. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s property operations consisted of the following: • U.S. & Canada: property operations in Canada and the United States; • Asia-Pacific: property operations in Australia, Bangladesh, India, New Zealand and the Philippines; • Africa: property operations in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda; • Europe: property operations in France, Germany and Spain; • Latin America: property operations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru; and • Data Centers: data center property operations in the United States. Services —The Company’s Services segment offers tower-related services in the United States, including AZP, structural and mount analyses, and construction management, which primarily support its site leasing business, including the addition of new tenants and equipment on its communications sites. The Services segment is a strategic business unit that offers different services from, and requires different resources, skill sets and marketing strategies than, the property operating segments. The accounting policies applied in compiling segment information below are similar to those described in note 1. Among other factors, in evaluating financial performance in each business segment, management uses segment gross margin and segment operating profit. The Company defines segment gross margin as segment revenue less segment operating expenses excluding Depreciation, amortization and accretion; Selling, general, administrative and development expense; and Other operating expenses. The Company defines segment operating profit as segment gross margin less Selling, general, administrative and F-50 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) development expense attributable to the segment, excluding stock-based compensation expense and corporate expenses. These measures of segment gross margin and segment operating profit are also before Interest income, Interest expense, Gain (loss) on retirement of long-term obligations, Other income (expense), Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and Income tax benefit (provision). The categories of expenses indicated above, such as depreciation, have been excluded from segment operating performance as they are not considered in the review of information or the evaluation of results by management. There are no significant revenues resulting from transactions between the Company’s operating segments. All intercompany transactions are eliminated to reconcile segment results and assets to the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated balance sheets. Summarized financial information concerning the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is shown in the following tables. The “Other” column (i) represents amounts excluded from specific segments, such as business development operations, stock-based compensation expense and corporate expenses included in Selling, general, administrative and development expense; Other operating expenses; Interest income; Interest expense; Gain (loss) on retirement of long-term obligations; and Other income (expense), and (ii) reconciles segment operating profit to Income from continuing operations before income taxes. Property Total Property Services Other Total Year ended December 31, 2023 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Segment revenues $ 5,216.2 $ 1,150.8 $ 1,225.6 $ 775.6 $ 1,798.3 $ 834.7 $ 11,001.2 $ 143.0 $ 11,144.2 Segment operating expenses 849.9 704.2 433.3 299.5 566.0 347.6 3,200.5 60.1 3,260.6 Segment gross margin 4,366.3 446.6 792.3 476.1 1,232.3 487.1 7,800.7 82.9 7,883.6 Segment selling, general, administrative and development expense (1) 165.1 42.1 79.3 65.6 107.9 72.4 532.4 22.9 555.3 Segment operating profit $ 4,201.2 $ 404.5 $ 713.0 $ 410.5 $ 1,124.4 $ 414.7 $ 7,268.3 $ 60.0 $ 7,328.3 Stock-based compensation expense $ 195.7 195.7 Other selling, general, administrative and development expense 241.5 241.5 Depreciation, amortization and accretion 3,086.5 3,086.5 Other expense (2) 2,283.3 2,283.3 Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,521.3 Capital expenditures (3) (4) $ 410.6 $ 122.0 $ 425.6 $ 218.0 $ 205.2 $ 428.1 $ 1,809.5 $ — $ 20.3 $ 1,829.8 _______________ (1) Segment selling, general, administrative and development expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $ 195.7 million. (2) Primarily includes interest expense, $ 202.4 million in impairment charges, $ 402.0 million of goodwill impairment charges in India and Spain, as further discussed in note 5, and losses from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The year ended December 31, 2023 also includes a net loss of $ 78.9 million on the sales of Mexico Fiber and ATC Poland. (3) Includes $ 6.2 million of finance lease payments included in Repayments of notes payable, credit facilities, term loans, senior notes, secured debt and finance leases in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. (4) Includes $ 38.7 million of perpetual land easement payments reported in Deferred financing costs and other financing activities in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. F-51 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Property Total Property Services Other Total Year ended December 31, 2022 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Segment revenues $ 5,006.3 $ 1,077.0 $ 1,192.5 $ 735.7 $ 1,691.9 $ 766.6 $ 10,470.0 $ 241.1 $ 10,711.1 Segment operating expenses 845.4 697.6 445.1 319.6 526.7 322.0 3,156.4 107.4 3,263.8 Segment gross margin 4,160.9 379.4 747.4 416.1 1,165.2 444.6 7,313.6 133.7 7,447.3 Segment selling, general, administrative and development expense (1) 183.2 69.1 80.0 52.4 107.6 63.9 556.2 22.3 578.5 Segment operating profit $ 3,977.7 $ 310.3 $ 667.4 $ 363.7 $ 1,057.6 $ 380.7 $ 6,757.4 $ 111.4 $ 6,868.8 Stock-based compensation expense $ 169.3 169.3 Other selling, general, administrative and development expense 224.5 224.5 Depreciation, amortization and accretion 3,355.1 3,355.1 Other expense (2) 1,399.2 1,399.2 Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 1,720.7 Capital expenditures (3) (4) $ 481.7 $ 151.8 $ 507.3 $ 165.7 $ 229.4 $ 353.7 $ 1,889.6 $ — $ 12.9 $ 1,902.5 _______________ (1) Segment selling, general, administrative and development expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $ 169.3 million. (2) Primarily includes interest expense and $ 655.9 million in impairment charges, partially offset by gains from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. (3) Includes $ 6.7 million of finance lease payments included in Repayments of notes payable, credit facilities, term loans, senior notes, secured debt and finance leases in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. (4) Includes $ 36.7 million of perpetual land easement payments reported in Deferred financing costs and other financing activities in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. Property Total Property Services Other Total Year ended December 31, 2021 U.S. & Canada Asia-Pacific Africa Europe Latin America Data Centers Segment revenues $ 4,920.2 $ 1,199.1 $ 1,005.5 $ 496.2 $ 1,465.4 $ 23.2 $ 9,109.6 $ 247.3 $ 9,356.9 Segment operating expenses 853.5 724.3 346.1 194.0 458.3 9.1 2,585.3 96.7 2,682.0 Segment gross margin 4,066.7 474.8 659.4 302.2 1,007.1 14.1 6,524.3 150.6 6,674.9 Segment selling, general, administrative and development expense (1) 176.9 73.1 72.3 42.1 104.1 5.9 474.4 16.2 490.6 Segment operating profit $ 3,889.8 $ 401.7 $ 587.1 $ 260.1 $ 903.0 $ 8.2 $ 6,049.9 $ 134.4 $ 6,184.3 Stock-based compensation expense $ 119.5 119.5 Other selling, general, administrative and development expense 201.5 201.5 Depreciation, amortization and accretion 2,332.6 2,332.6 Other expense (2) 701.3 701.3 Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 2,829.4 Capital expenditures (3) (4) $ 440.1 $ 175.1 $ 460.7 $ 58.9 $ 260.9 $ 2.5 $ 1,398.2 $ — $ 9.6 $ 1,407.8 F-52 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) _______________ (1) Segment selling, general, administrative and development expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $ 119.5 million. (2) Primarily includes interest expense and $ 173.7 million in impairment charges, partially offset by gains from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. (3) Includes $ 5.4 million of finance lease payments included in Repayments of notes payable, credit facilities, term loan, senior notes, secured debt and finance leases in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. (4) Includes $ 35.2 million of perpetual land easement payments reported in Deferred financing costs and other financing activities in the cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. Additional information relating to the total assets of the Company’s operating segments is as follows for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 Total Assets (1): U.S. & Canada property $ 26,325.1 $ 26,739.9 Asia-Pacific property 3,758.1 4,276.9 Africa property 4,031.2 4,759.4 Europe property 11,769.3 11,464.6 Latin America property 9,025.3 8,666.3 Data Centers 10,482.9 10,702.8 Services 54.8 119.3 Other (2) 580.9 465.3 Total assets $ 66,027.6 $ 67,194.5 _______________ (1) Balances are translated at the applicable period end exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods. (2) Balances include corporate assets such as cash and cash equivalents, certain tangible and intangible assets and income tax accounts that have not been allocated to specific segments. F-53 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) Summarized geographic information related to the Company’s operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and long-lived assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Operating Revenues: U.S. & Canada: Canada (1) $ 11.7 $ 12.5 $ 11.4 United States (2) 6,182.2 6,001.5 5,179.3 Asia-Pacific (1): Australia 2.6 1.8 1.8 Bangladesh 5.7 3.9 0.4 India 1,132.0 1,065.7 1,196.6 New Zealand 1.6 0.3 — Philippines 8.9 5.3 0.3 Africa (1): Burkina Faso 38.1 41.2 44.7 Ghana 128.6 144.4 170.5 Kenya 120.0 123.1 107.4 Niger 48.4 42.1 41.6 Nigeria 495.4 477.2 296.5 South Africa 157.9 164.8 164.0 Uganda 237.2 199.7 180.8 Europe (1): France 113.4 99.6 98.9 Germany 363.6 320.0 213.5 Poland (3) 0.6 1.0 0.5 Spain 298.0 315.1 183.3 Latin America (1): Argentina 43.8 39.2 31.6 Brazil 787.3 741.9 614.6 Chile 106.3 91.8 88.0 Colombia 117.0 106.1 107.7 Costa Rica 24.7 23.9 22.8 Mexico 611.8 588.9 524.6 Paraguay 16.3 15.4 13.5 Peru 91.1 84.7 62.6 Total operating revenues $ 11,144.2 $ 10,711.1 $ 9,356.9 _______________ (1) Balances are translated at the applicable exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods. (2) Balances include revenue from the Company’s Services and Data Centers segments. (3) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the sale of ATC Poland. F-54 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 2023 2022 Long-Lived Assets (1): U.S. & Canada: Canada (2) $ 214.8 $ 207.6 United States (3) 28,337.4 29,275.1 Asia-Pacific (2): Australia 10.6 7.5 Bangladesh 25.3 24.6 India 2,069.6 2,452.2 New Zealand 37.5 37.6 Philippines 31.9 30.9 Africa (2): Burkina Faso 257.4 272.0 Ghana 269.2 393.3 Kenya 557.2 783.8 Niger 203.1 211.3 Nigeria 456.5 747.8 South Africa 337.0 345.5 Uganda 925.1 935.2 Europe (2): France 1,338.8 1,306.9 Germany 5,721.2 5,642.5 Poland — 4.9 Spain 3,031.6 3,027.8 Latin America (2): Argentina 190.1 194.1 Brazil 1,996.5 1,908.7 Chile 575.7 606.6 Colombia 286.8 238.0 Costa Rica 105.6 111.3 Mexico 1,044.4 1,243.2 Paraguay 92.3 93.7 Peru 832.9 836.2 Total long-lived assets $ 48,948.5 $ 50,938.3 _______________ (1) Includes Property and equipment, net, Goodwill and Other intangible assets, net. (2) Balances are translated at the applicable period end exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods. (3) Balances include the Company’s data centers assets located in the United States. The following customers within the property and services segments individually accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues for the years ended December 31,: 2023 2022 2021 T-Mobile 17 % 18 % 20 % AT&T 16 % 17 % 19 % Verizon Wireless 12 % 11 % 13 % 21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no significant related party transactions. F-55 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed) 22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Pending ATC TIPL Transaction —On January 4, 2024, the Company, through its subsidiaries, ATC Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. and ATC Telecom Infrastructure Private Limited (“ATC TIPL”), entered into an agreement with Data Infrastructure Trust (“DIT”), an infrastructure investment trust sponsored by an affiliate of Brookfield Asset Management, pursuant to which DIT will acquire a 100 % ownership interest in ATC TIPL (the “Pending ATC TIPL Transaction”) for total aggregate consideration of up to 210 billion INR (approximately $ 2.5 billion), including the value of the VIL OCDs, payments on certain existing customer receivables, the repayment of existing intercompany debt and the repayment, or assumption, of our existing term loan in India, by DIT. The Company will retain the full economic benefit associated with the VIL OCDs, and rights to payments on certain existing customer receivables. The Pending ATC TIPL Transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2024, subject to customary closing conditions, including government and regulatory approval. Repayment of 0.600 % Senior Notes —On January 12, 2024, the Company repaid $ 500.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 0.600 % senior unsecured notes due 2024 (the “ 0.600 % Notes”) upon their maturity. The 0.600 % Notes were repaid using borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. Upon completion of the repayment, none of the 0.600 % Notes remained outstanding. Repayment of 5.00 % Senior Notes —On February 14, 2024, the Company repaid $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 5.00 % senior unsecured notes due 2024 (the “ 5.00 % Notes”) upon their maturity. The 5.00 % Notes were repaid using borrowings under the 2021 Multicurrency Credit Facility. Upon completion of the repayment, none of the 5.00 % Notes remained outstanding. F-56 Table of Contents AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (dollars in millions) Description Encumbrances Initial cost to company Cost capitalized subsequent to acquisition Gross amount carried at close of current period Accumulated depreciation at close of current period Date of construction Date acquired Life on which depreciation in latest income statements is computed 222,830 Sites (1) $ 2,325.0 (2) (3) (3) $ 21,929.3 (5) $ ( 8,986.9 ) Various Various Up to 20 years 28 Data Centers — (4) (4) 6,309.9 (5) ( 833.7 ) Various Various Up to 40 years _______________ (1) No single site exceeds 5% of the total amounts indicated in the table above. (2) Certain assets secure debt of $ 2.3 billion. (3) The Company has omitted this information, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis. (4) The Company has aggregated data center information on a basis consistent with its tower portfolio. (5) Does not include those sites under construction. 2023 2022 2021 Gross amount at beginning $ 27,060.9 $ 23,948.9 $ 18,492.9 Additions during period: Acquisitions (1) 105.2 288.1 5,017.6 Discretionary capital projects (2) 860.2 398.0 391.2 Discretionary ground lease purchases (3) 126.0 502.0 242.7 Redevelopment capital expenditures (4) 451.5 335.9 203.6 Capital improvements (5) 192.7 155.4 92.5 Start-up capital expenditures (6) 136.7 227.0 184.6 Other (7) ( 11.6 ) 1,672.6 51.2 Total additions 1,860.7 3,579.0 6,183.4 Deductions during period: Cost of real estate sold or disposed ( 202.8 ) ( 257.6 ) ( 263.7 ) Other (8) ( 479.6 ) ( 209.4 ) ( 463.7 ) Total deductions: ( 682.4 ) ( 467.0 ) ( 727.4 ) Balance at end $ 28,239.2 $ 27,060.9 $ 23,948.9 2023 2022 2021 Gross amount of accumulated depreciation at beginning $ ( 8,669.5 ) $ ( 7,548.1 ) $ ( 6,921.0 ) Additions during period: Depreciation ( 1,353.5 ) ( 1,373.3 ) ( 863.8 ) Other — — — Total additions ( 1,353.5 ) ( 1,373.3 ) ( 863.8 ) Deductions during period: Amount of accumulated depreciation for assets sold or disposed 89.0 128.9 142.4 Other (8) 113.4 123.0 94.3 Total deductions 202.4 251.9 236.7 Balance at end $ ( 9,820.6 ) $ ( 8,669.5 ) $ ( 7,548.1 ) _______________ (1) Includes amounts related to the acquisition of data centers. (2) Includes amounts incurred primarily for the construction of new sites. (3) Includes amounts incurred to purchase or otherwise secure the land under communications sites. (4) Includes amounts incurred to increase the capacity of existing sites, which results in new incremental tenant revenue. (5) Includes amounts incurred to enhance existing sites by adding additional functionality, capacity or general asset improvements. (6) Includes amounts incurred in connection with acquisitions or new market launches. Start-up capital expenditures includes non-recurring expenditures contemplated in acquisitions, new market launch business cases or initial deployment of new technologies or platform expansion initiatives that lead to an increase in site-level cash flow generation. (7) Primarily includes regional improvements, other additions, and net adjustments related to the Company’s asset retirement obligations. For the year ended December 31, 2022, includes $ 1.6 billion of data center equipment acquired in 2021 not previously classified as an investment in real estate. The Company determined that the inclusion of data center equipment in this schedule would provide better information and be more consistent with others in the data center industry. F-57 Table of Contents (8) Primarily includes foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other deductions. For the year ended December 31, 2023, includes the impact of the sales of Mexico Fiber and ATC Poland. F-58