Alzamend Neuro, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited financial statements and related notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on July 19, 2022. NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). This section should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this report. The statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predict,” “should” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions; uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels or activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. In this Quarterly Report, unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company,” “Alzamend,” “we,” “our company” and “us” refer to Alzamend Neuro, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Overview We were incorporated on February 26, 2016, as Alzamend Neuro, Inc. under the laws of the State of Delaware. We were formed to acquire and commercialize patented intellectual property and know-how to prevent, treat and potentially cure the crippling and deadly Alzheimer’s. Existing Alzheimer’s treatments only temporarily relieve symptoms but do not slow or halt the underlying worsening of the disease. We have developed a novel approach in an attempt to combat Alzheimer’s through immunotherapy. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Research and Development Expenses . Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of scientific consulting fees and lab supplies, as well as fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on behalf of our company. We have acquired and may continue to acquire the rights to develop and commercialize new product candidates from third parties. The upfront payments to acquire license, product or rights, as well as any future milestone payments, are immediately recognized as research and development expense provided that there is no alternative future use of the rights in other research and development projects. Stock-Based Compensation. We maintain a stock-based compensation plan as a long-term incentive for employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The plan allows for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units, and other forms of equity awards. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and account for forfeitures as they occur. Our stock-based compensation costs are based upon the grant date fair value of options estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. To the extent any stock option grants are made subject to the achievement of a performance-based milestone, management evaluates when the achievement of any such performance-based milestone is probable based on the relative satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. 18 The Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizes inputs which are highly subjective assumptions and generally require significant judgment. These assumptions include: · Fair Value of Common Stock. See the subsection titled “Common Stock Valuations” below. · Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. · Expected Volatility. Because we do not have a sufficient trading history for our common stock (“Common Stock”), the expected volatility was estimated based on the average volatility for comparable publicly traded life sciences companies over a period equal to the expected term of the stock option grants. The comparable companies were chosen based on the similar size, stage in life cycle or area of specialty. We will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own stock price becomes available. · Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term), as we do not have sufficient historical data to use any other method to estimate expected term. · Expected Dividend Yield. We have never paid dividends on our Common Stock and have no plans to pay dividends on our Common Stock. Therefore, we used an expected dividend yield of zero. Certain of such assumptions involve inherent uncertainties and the application of significant judgment. As a result, if factors or expected outcomes change and we use significantly different assumptions or estimates, our stock-based compensation could be materially different. Common Stock Valuations. Prior to our initial public offering (“IPO”) in June 2021, there was no public market for our Common Stock, and, as a result, the fair value of the shares of Common Stock underlying our stock-based awards was estimated on each grant date by our Board. To determine the fair value of our Common Stock underlying option grants, our Board considered, among other things, input from management, and our Board’s assessment of additional objective and subjective factors that it believed were relevant, and factors that may have changed from the date of the most recent valuation through the date of the grant. These factors included, but were not limited to: · our results of operations and financial position, including our levels of available capital resources; · our stage of development and material risks related to our business; · progress of our research and development activities; · our business conditions and projections; · the valuation of publicly traded companies in the life sciences and biotechnology sectors, as well as recently completed mergers and acquisitions of peer companies; · the lack of marketability of our Common Stock as a private company; · the prices at which we sold shares of our Common Stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions; · the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for our security holders, such as an IPO or a sale of our company, given prevailing market conditions; · trends and developments in our industry; and · external market conditions affecting the life sciences and biotechnology industry sectors. Following the closing of our IPO, our Board determined the fair market value of our Common Stock based on the closing price of our Common Stock as reported on the date of grant. 19 Plan of Operations Our plan of operations is currently focused on the development of both our therapeutic candidates which are at different stages of development. We submitted an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application for AL001 to the FDA on June 30, 2021. On July 28, 2021, we announced receipt of FDA “Study May Proceed” letter for a Phase I study under our IND application for AL001, a lithium-based ionic cocrystal oral therapy for patients with dementia related to mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s. On August 17, 2021, we announced that we have contracted Altasciences Clinical Kansas (“Altasciences”) to conduct a six-month Phase I relative bioavailability study for AL001 for dementia related to Alzheimer’s beginning in September 2021. The Phase I first-in-human study is for the purpose of determining potential clinically safe and appropriate dosing for AL001 in future studies. The Phase I study will investigate the pharmacokinetics (the movement of drug through the body) of lithium following a single dose of AL001 (the “study drug”) compared to a typical single dose of a marketed 300 mg immediate-release lithium carbonate capsule (the “comparator” – currently indicated to treat mood disorders) in healthy male and female subjects. The lithium and salicylate components of AL001 will be given within the amounts already approved for use in patients. The purpose of the research study is to test the safety, tolerability, and bioavailability (how much and when drug gets in the body) of the study drug, AL001, compared to the currently marketed formulation of the comparator, lithium carbonate. This is expected to ascertain what AL001 doses should be given, and how often, in subsequent Phase 2 safety and efficacy trials involving Alzheimer’s patients. At least 24 healthy male and female human subjects will complete the Phase I trial. On September 13, 2021, we announced that the first group of healthy participants have been dosed in a six-month Phase I relative bioavailability study for AL001 for dementia related to Alzheimer’s. A full report of the Phase I first-in-human study was completed in March 2022. The Phase I study is for the purpose of determining potential clinically safe and appropriate dosing for AL001 in a planned Phase 2 multiple ascending dose study. AL001 is a lithium-delivering ionic cocrystal under development as an oral treatment for patients with dementia related to mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s. We have an additional preclinical candidate for Alzheimer’s, AL002, which has transitioned from early-stage development to an extensive program of preclinical study and evaluation, which was completed on May 31, 2021, and was followed by a comprehensive report prepared by Charles River Laboratories, Inc., an independent preclinical service provider, received on July 23, 2021. Our preclinical program included a toxicologic evaluation, histopathology study and brain beta amyloid analysis and was expanded to include an immunoglobulin analysis and biodistribution study. On July 30, 2021, we announced that we submitted a pre-IND meeting request for AL002 and supporting briefing documents to the Center for Biological Evaluation and Research of the FDA. On September 30, 2021, we announced that we have received a written response to our meeting request relating to our Type B Pre-IND application from the FDA providing a path for our planned clinical development of AL002. AL002 is a patented method using a mutant-peptide sensitized cell as a cell-based therapeutic vaccine that seeks to restore the ability of a patient’s immunological system to combat Alzheimer’s. Preclinical work supports AL002 being associated with a positive anti-inflammatory response and a decrease in brain amyloid contents. Based on AL002’s positive toxicology results, the biologic nature of this product and the urgent need to deliver treatments for Alzheimer’s to patients, we proposed, and the FDA agreed, to conduct a combined Phase I/II study. We recently announced that the FDA’s agreement to us conducting a combined Phase I/II study, together with our process to identify the right manufacturing partner to provide our study drug materials for the Phase I/II study, has extended the timeline for when we anticipate filing the IND, which is now expected to be done in the third calendar quarter of 2022, and we plan to initiate the clinical trial of AL002 as soon as possible after the approval of the IND by the FDA. During Phase I first-in-human trial, participants received a single dose of AL001 containing lithium in an amount equivalent to 150 mg lithium carbonate; this is the dose proposed by the inventors as likely appropriate for Alzheimer’s treatment when given three times daily (“TID”). Currently, marketed immediate-release lithium carbonate 300 mg are given TID; for example, lithium carbonate 300 mg TID is a dose commonly used for bipolar affective disorders. It can be difficult to set the appropriate dose of lithium carbonate and other lithium products due to the small margin between effective and toxic blood levels and to avoid side effects or inadequate treatment outcomes. We see the possibility of providing the benefits from lithium at up to 50% of the currently approved lithium carbonate dosage, with the potential for better outcomes and with elimination of the need for lithium therapeutic drug monitoring. Moreover, the data confirms AL001’s potential as a replacement of the current lithium-based treatments and may provide a treatment for over 40 million Americans suffering from Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Such findings may allow us to design a development program that will potentially reduce the amount of new data generated to support approval. Bioequivalence may have utility for AL001 when seeking approval for the indications of currently marketed lithium products, and for new indications as a benchmark for safety. Given the systemic pharmacokinetic similarity to marketed immediate-release lithium carbonate products, AL001 may be dosed TID in the planned Phase II study, a multiple ascending dose safety study in Alzheimer’s patients. In addition, we are pursuing investigational new drug applications with the FDA for bipolar disorder, MDD, and PTSD. 20 On April 4, 2022, we announced the appointment of Dr. Terri Hunter, Ph.D., a Technology Transfer Specialist, to our Scientific Advisory Board. During her tenure at the University of South Florida, Dr. Hunter was responsible for managing the patent portfolio associated with Alzamend’s two product candidates, AL001 and AL002. On April 11, 2022, we announced that we have contracted with Altasciences and iResearch Atlanta, LLC (“iResearch”) to manage and conduct, respectively, our Phase IIA multiple ascending dose (“MAD”) study in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s. The Phase IIA study, which commenced enrollment in May 2022, is for the purposes of evaluating the safety and tolerability of AL001 under multiple dose, steady-state conditions, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s. On April 28, 2022, we announced that Digital Power Lending, LLC (“DPL”) has made an additional investment in our company. On March 28, 2022, we announced receipt of the full data set from Phase I clinical trial for AL001. Based on the achievement of this milestone, under the March 12, 2021, securities purchase agreement, we sold an additional 2,666,667 shares of Common Stock to DPL for $4 million, or $1.50 per share, and issued to DPL warrants to acquire 1,333,333 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $3.00 per share. On May 5, 2022, we announced that the first patient with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s has been dosed in a 12-month Phase IIA MAD study for dementia related to Alzheimer’s. The Phase IIA study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of AL001 under multiple-dose, steady-state conditions and determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s. Lithium has been well characterized for safety and is approved/marketed in multiple formulations for bipolar affective disorders. Lithium dosing for the MAD cohorts is based on a fraction of the usual dose for treatment of bipolar affective disorder (i.e., AL001 lithium content at a lithium carbonate equivalent of 300 mg TID, daily total of 900 mg), with the target dose for Alzheimer’s treatment at half of that lithium carbonate equivalent value (150 mg TID, daily total of 450 mg). In each cohort, consisting of six active and two placebo patients (as per randomization), multiple ascending doses will be administered TID for 14 days under fasted conditions (at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after meals) up to tolerability/safety limits. The lithium and salicylate components of AL001 will be given within the amounts already approved for use in patients. Up to 40 subjects will complete the Phase IIA trial. The maximum tolerated dose will then be used for further studies. On May 17, 2022, we announced that we have submitted a Pre-IND meeting request for AL001 and supporting briefing documents to the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder, MDD and PTSD. The continuation of our current plan of operations with respect to completing our IND application and beginning the series of human clinical trials for each of our therapeutics requires us to raise additional capital to fund our operations. Because our working capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including the progress of our preclinical and clinical testing, timing and cost of obtaining regulatory approvals, changes in levels of resources that we devote to the development of manufacturing and marketing capabilities, competitive and technological advances, status of competitors, and our ability to establish collaborative arrangements with other organizations, we will require additional financing to fund future operations. Results of Operations Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021. For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 2021 $ Change % Change OPERATING EXPENSES Research and development $ 1,375,953 $ 916,408 $ 459,545 50 % General and administrative 1,659,589 1,389,831 269,758 19 % Total operating expenses 3,035,542 2,306,239 729,303 32 % Loss from operations (3,035,542 ) (2,306,239 ) (729,303 ) 32 % OTHER EXPENSE, NET Interest expense (1,532 ) (13,628 ) 12,096 -89 % Total other expense, net (1,532 ) (13,628 ) 12,096 -89 % NET LOSS $ (3,037,074 ) $ (2,319,867 ) $ (717,207 ) 31 % Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.03 ) $ (0.03 ) $ (0.00 ) * Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 97,481,790 77,338,492 * * Not meaningful 21 Revenue We were formed on February 26, 2016, to acquire and commercialize patented intellectual property and know-how to prevent, treat and cure the crippling and deadly disease, Alzheimer’s. We currently have only two product candidates, AL001 and AL002. These products are in the early clinical stage of development and will require extensive clinical study, review and evaluation, regulatory review and approval, significant marketing efforts and substantial investment before either or both of them, or any respective successors, will provide us with any revenue. We did not generate any revenues during the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, and we do not anticipate that we will generate revenue for the foreseeable future. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. As reflected in the table below, general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of the following expense categories: stock-based compensation expense; professional fees; insurance; as well as salaries and benefits. For the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, the remaining general and administrative expenses of $83,000 and $232,000, respectively, primarily consisted of payments for filing fees, transfer agent fees, license fees, travel, and other office expenses, none of which is significant individually. For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 2021 $ Change % Change Stock-based compensation expense $ 867,338 $ 597,705 $ 269,633 45 % Professional fees 243,400 300,122 (56,722 ) -19 % Insurance 196,427 71,433 124,994 100 % Salary and benefits 223,777 188,809 34,968 19 % Licenses and fees 8,461 - 8,461 * Board of director fees 37,500 - 37,500 * Other general and administrative expenses 82,686 231,762 (149,076 ) -64 % Total general and administrative expenses $ 1,659,589 $ 1,389,831 $ 269,758 19 % *Not meaningful Stock-Based Compensation Expense During the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred general and administrative stock-based compensation expense of $867,000 and $598,000, respectively, related to stock option grants to executives, employees and consultants as well as shares issued for services to Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan Capital”). All option grants are granted at the per share fair value on the grant date. Vesting of options differs based on the terms of each option. We valued the options at their date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We valued the shares issued for services at their intrinsic value on the date of issuance. Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense because we settle these obligations by issuing shares of Common Stock from authorized shares instead of settling such obligations with cash payments. Professional Fees The second largest component of our general and administrative expenses is professional fees. During the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, we reported professional fees of $243,000 and $300,000, respectively, which were principally comprised of the following items: Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 · In June 2017, we entered into a five-year consulting agreement with Spartan Capital pursuant to which Spartan Capital agreed to provide consulting services with respect to general corporate matters. In December 2017, we paid to Spartan Capital a consulting fee of $1.4 million for the services to be rendered over the 60-month term of this consulting agreement. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we recorded an expense of $70,000 as a result of this consulting agreement. 22 · During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we incurred $80,000 in audit fees, $24,000 in tax preparation fees, $23,000 in Sarbanes-Oxley compliance fees and $13,000 in related party consulting. Three Months Ended July 31, 2021 · During the three months ended July 31, 2021, we recorded an expense of $70,000 in connection with the five-year consulting agreement with Spartan Capital. · During the three months ended July 31, 2021, we incurred $29,000 in legal fees. · During the three months ended July 31, 2021, we incurred $79,000 in audit fees. Salaries and Benefits During the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred $224,000 and $189,000, respectively, in employee-related expenses. As of July 31, 2022, we had four full-time and four part-time employees. Henry C.W. Nisser, our Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Kenneth S. Cragun, our Senior Vice President of Finance, and David J. Katzoff, our Chief Financial Officer, work for us on a part-time basis. Mr. Katzoff, as a result of his recent appointment as our Chief Financial Officer, will spend no less than an average of 28 hours per week on our company’s business. Mr. Nisser spends no less than an average of 8 hours per week on our company’s business and Mr. Cragun spends no less than an average of 10 hours per week on our company’s business. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.4 million and $916,000, respectively. As reflected in the table below, research and development expenses primarily consisted of professional fees, licenses and fees, as well as stock-based compensation expense. For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 2021 $ Change % Change Professional fees $ 1,216,672 $ 704,692 $ 511,980 73 % Licenses and fees 3,542 65,330 (61,788 ) -95 % Stock-based compensation expense - 141,914 (141,917 ) * Other research and development expenses 155,739 4,472 151,270 3,383 % Total research and development expenses $ 1,375,953 $ 916,408 $ 459,545 50 % *Not meaningful Professional Fees During the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, we reported professional fees of $1.2 million and $705,000, respectively, which were principally comprised of professional fees attributed to various types of scientific services, including FDA consulting services. The increase relates to professional fees incurred related to Phase IIA clinical trial monitoring AL001 and IND preparation for AL002. Licenses and Fees There are certain initial license fees and milestone payments required to be paid to the University of South Florida and the Licensor, for the licenses of the technologies, pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement with Sublicensing Terms. Stock-Based Compensation Expense During the three months ended July 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred zero and $142,000, respectively, in research and development stock compensation expense related to stock option grants to consultants. All option grants are granted at the per share fair value on the grant date. Vesting of options differs based on the terms of each option. We valued the options at their date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense because we settle these obligations by issuing shares of Common Stock from authorized shares instead of settling such obligations with cash payments. 23 Other Expense, Net Interest Expense Interest expense was $2,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2022, primarily related to financing of D&O insurance. Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the basis that our company will continue as a going concern. As of July 31, 2022, we had cash of $11.5 million and an accumulated deficit of $32.2 million. We have incurred recurring losses and reported losses for the three months ended July 31, 2022 totaling $3.0 million. In the past, we have financed our operations principally through issuances of promissory notes and equity securities. In March of 2021, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with DPL, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 6,666,667 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate of $10 million, or $1.50 per share, which sales were made in tranches. On March 9, 2021, DPL paid $4 million, less the $1.8 million in prior advances and the surrender for cancellation of the $50,000 convertible promissory note, previously issued to BitNile Holdings, Inc., the parent company of DPL, for an aggregate of 2,666,667 shares of Common Stock. Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, DPL (i) purchased, in July 2021, an additional 1,333,333 shares of Common Stock upon FDA approval of our IND for our Phase IA clinical trials for AL001 for a purchase price of $2 million, and (ii) purchased, in April 2022, 2,666,667 shares of Common Stock upon completion of our Phase IA clinical trials for AL001 for a purchase price of $4 million. We issued DPL warrants to purchase 3,333,333 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share. Finally, we agreed that for a period of eighteen months following the date of the payment of the final tranche of $4 million, DPL will have the right to invest an additional $10 million on the same terms, except that no specific milestones have been determined with respect to the additional $10 million as of the date of this Quarterly Report. We will need to obtain substantial additional funding in the future for our clinical development activities and continuing operations. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on favorable terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate our research and development programs or future commercialization efforts. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including: · successful enrollment in, and completion of, clinical trials; · our ability to establish agreements with third-party manufacturers for clinical supply for our clinical trials and, if our product candidates are approved, commercial manufacturing; · our ability to maintain our current research and development programs and establish new research and development programs; · addition and retention of key research and development personnel; · our efforts to enhance operational, financial, and information management systems, and hire additional personnel, including personnel to support development of our product candidates; · negotiating favorable terms in any collaboration, licensing, or other arrangements into which we may enter and performing our obligations in such collaborations; · the timing and amount of milestone and other payments we may receive under our collaboration arrangements; · our eventual commercialization plans for our product candidates; · the costs involved in prosecuting, defending, and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property claims; and · the costs and timing of regulatory approvals. A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such operating plans. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future and need to raise additional capital until we are able to generate revenues from operations sufficient to fund our development and commercial operations. However, based on our current business plan, we believe that our cash at July 31, 2022, is sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements during the twelve-month period subsequent to the issuance of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended July 31, 2022: For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022 2021 Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (2,536,690 ) $ (1,222,664 ) Financing activities - 14,911,556 Net increase (decrease) in cash $ (2,536,690 ) $ 13,688,892 24 Operating Activities During the three months ended July 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $2.5 million. This consisted primarily of a net loss of $3.0 million and a decrease in our net operating assets and liabilities of $374,000, partially offset by non-cash charges of $874,000. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense. The decrease in our net operating assets and liabilities were due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Investing Activities There were no investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2022. Financing Activities There were no financing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2022. Contractual Obligations On May 1, 2016, we entered into a Standard Exclusive License Agreement for AL002 with Sublicensing Terms with the University of South Florida Research Foundation, Inc., as licensor (the “Licensor”), pursuant to which the Licensor granted us a royalty bearing exclusive worldwide license limited to the field of Alzheimer’s Immunotherapy and Diagnostics, under United States Patent No. 8,188,046, entitled “Amyloid Beta Peptides and Methods of Use,” filed April 7, 2009 and granted May 29, 2012. There are certain initial license fees and milestone payments required to be paid by us to the Licensor, pursuant to the terms of license agreements we have entered into with the Licensor. The license agreements for AL002 require us to pay royalty payments of 4% on net sales of products developed from the licensed technology for AL002 while the license agreements for AL001 require that we pay combined royalty payments of 4.5% on net sales of products developed from the licensed technology for AL001. We have already paid an initial license fee of $200,000 for AL002 and an initial license fee of $200,000 for AL001. As an additional licensing fee for the license of AL002, the Licensor received 3,601,809 shares of our common stock. As an additional licensing fee for the license of the AL001 technologies, the Licensor received 2,227,923 shares of our common stock. Minimum royalties for AL001 are $25,000 in 2023, $45,000 in 2024 and $70,000 in 2025 and every year thereafter, for the life of the agreement. Minimum royalties for AL002 are $20,000 in 2022, $40,000 in 2023 and $50,000 in 2024 and every year thereafter, for the life of the respective agreement. Additionally, we are required to pay milestone payments on the due dates to the Licensor for the license of the AL001 technologies and for the AL002 technology, as follows: Original AL001 License: Payment Due Date Event $ 50,000 * Completed September 2019 Pre-IND meeting $ 65,000 * Completed June 2021 ND application filing $ 190,000 * Completed December 2021 Upon first dosing of patient in a clinical trial $ 500,000 * Completed March 2022 Upon Completion of first clinical trial $ 1,250,000 12 months from completion of the first Phase II clinical trial Upon first patient treated in a Phase III clinical trial $ 10,000,000 8 years from the effective date of the agreement Upon FDA approval *Milestone met and completed 25 AL002 License: Payment Due Date Event $ 50,000 * Upon IND application filing Upon IND application filing $ 50,000 12 months from IND application filing date Upon first dosing of patient in first Phase I clinical trial $ 175,000 12 months from first patient dosed in Phase I Upon completion of first Phase I clinical trial $ 500,000 24 months from completion of first Phase I clinical trial Upon completion of first Phase II clinical trial $ 1,000,000 12 months from completion of the first Phase II clinical trial Upon first patient treated in a Phase III clinical trial $ 10,000,000 7 years from the effective date of the agreement Upon FDA BLA approval *Milestone met and completed We have met the pre-IND meeting, IND application filing, and successfully completed the Phase I clinical trial milestones encompassing AL001. If we fail to meet a milestone by its specified date, Licensor may terminate the license agreement. The Licensor was also granted a preemptive right to acquire such shares or other equity securities that may be issued from time to time by us while the Licensor remains the owner of any equity securities of our company. On June 10, 2020, we obtained two (2) additional royalty-bearing exclusive worldwide licenses from the Licensor to a therapy named AL001. One of the additional licenses is for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases excluding Alzheimer’s and the other license is for the treatment of psychiatric diseases and disorders. There are certain license fees and milestone payments required to be paid pursuant to the terms of the Standard Exclusive License Agreements with Sublicensing Terms, both dated June 10, 2020 and effective as of November 1, 2019, with the Licensor and the University of South Florida (the “June AL001 License Agreements”). Under each of the June AL001 License Agreements, a royalty payment of 3% is required on net sales of products developed from the licensed technology. For the two (2) additional AL001 licenses, in the aggregate, we have paid initial license fees of $20,000. Additionally, under each of the June AL001 License Agreements, we are required to pay milestone payments on the due dates to the Licensor for the license of the technology, as follows: Additional AL001 Licenses: Payment Due Date Event $ 50,000 Upon IND application filing IND application filing $ 150,000 12 months from IND filing date Upon first dosing of patient in a clinical trial $ 400,000 12 months from first patient dosing Upon Completion of first clinical trial $ 1,000,000 36 months from completion of the first Phase II clinical trial Upon first patient treated in a Phase III clinical trial $ 8,000,000 8 years from the effective date of the agreement First commercial sale Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. Recent Accounting Standards For information about recent accounting pronouncements that may impact our financial statements, please refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements under the heading “Recent Accounting Standards.” ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Because we are a smaller reporting company, this section is not applicable. 26