Item 3. Legal Proceedings
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On January 10, 2022, EcoFactor, Inc., or EcoFactor, filed a lawsuit against us in U.S. District Court, District of Oregon, alleging Alarm.com’s products and services directly and indirectly infringe five U.S. patents owned by EcoFactor. EcoFactor is seeking a permanent injunction, enhanced damages and attorneys' fees. EcoFactor had previously asserted two of the same patents against us in an October 2019 complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission, or ITC. In July 2021, the ITC found in favor of Alarm.com. EcoFactor appealed the decision but withdrew its appeal in December 2021. We moved to dismiss the Oregon case for failure to state a claim on March 28, 2022. On April 18, 2022, the district court stayed the case at the request of the parties pending the disposition of other proceedings involving the asserted patents. These proceedings include four ex parte reexamination proceedings at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and one inter partes review. Three of the patents were found unpatentable in reexamination. The decision with respect to one of the patents was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, or Federal Circuit, on January 21, 2026, EcoFactor filed an appeal of the decision with respect to the second patent with the Federal Circuit on November 20, 2025, and EcoFactor is appealing the rejection of the third patent to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, or PTAB, having filed its appeal brief on June 10, 2024. Ex parte reexamination of a fourth patent concluded on August 23, 2023 after the claims were amended. On April 18, 2022, all claims of a fifth patent were found unpatentable by the PTAB in inter partes review, and all claims were canceled on February 1, 2024.
Should EcoFactor prevail in its lawsuit we could be required to pay damages and/or a reasonable royalty for sales of our solution, we could be enjoined from making, using and selling our solution if a license or other right to continue selling such elements is not made available to us, and we could be required to pay ongoing royalties and comply with unfavorable terms if such a license is made available to us. While we believe we have valid defenses to EcoFactor’s claims, the outcome of these legal claims cannot be predicted with certainty and any of these outcomes could result in an adverse effect on our business.
On July 22, 2021, Causam Enterprises, Inc., or Causam, filed a lawsuit against us in U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas, alleging that Alarm.com’s smart thermostats infringe four U.S. patents owned by Causam. Causam is seeking preliminary and permanent injunctions, enhanced damages and attorneys’ fees. Causam had previously asserted the same four patents against us in a July 2021 complaint with the ITC. In February 2023, the ITC found in favor of Alarm.com and Causam’s appeal of the decision with respect to one patent was dismissed as moot on October 15, 2025 based on the Federal Circuit’s affirmance, on the same day, of a PTAB decision that found the patent at issue in the appeal is invalid. Separately, the Federal Circuit affirmed a PTAB decision finding a second of the asserted patents invalid on September 5, 2025. Before we responded to Causam’s district court complaint, the court issued a stay of the case until the ITC investigation was finally resolved. Now that the appeal proceedings have been completed in the ITC investigation, Causam may seek to pursue the district court lawsuit.
Should Causam choose to pursue the district court lawsuit, and prevail, then we could be required to pay damages and/or a reasonable royalty for sales of our solution, we could be enjoined from making, using and selling our solution if a license or other right to continue selling such elements is not made available to us, and we could be required to pay ongoing royalties and comply with unfavorable terms if such a license is made available to us. While we believe we have valid defenses to Causam’s claims, the outcome of these legal claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and any of these outcomes could result in an adverse effect on our business.
On July 3, 2025, SkyBell Technologies, Inc., or SkyBell, filed a lawsuit against us in U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, alleging that Alarm.com misappropriated SkyBell’s trade secrets relating to video doorbells. SkyBell is seeking injunctive relief, enhanced damages, attorneys’ fees, a constructive trust, and an order that Alarm.com assign to SkyBell the alleged trade secrets. On August 25, 2025, we moved to dismiss the complaint as barred by the statute of limitations.
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Should SkyBell prevail in its lawsuit, we could be required to pay damages and/or a reasonable royalty for sales of our solution, we could be enjoined from making, using and selling our solution if a license or other right to continue selling such elements is not made available to us, we could be required to pay ongoing royalties and comply with unfavorable terms if such a license is made available to us, and we could be required to assign, transfer, and return any SkyBell trade secret that we are found to improperly possess. While we believe we have valid defenses to SkyBell’s claims, the outcome of these legal claims cannot be predicted with certainty, and any of these outcomes could result in an adverse effect on our business.
In addition to the matters described above, we may be required to provide indemnification to certain of our service provider partners for certain claims regarding our solutions.
We may also be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. For a description of our legal proceedings, see Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II.