Aeluma, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This report contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to us. Such statements should not be unduly relied upon. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts or that are not present facts or conditions. Forward-looking statements and information can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology or words, such as “anticipate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “pending,” “perceive,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seeks,” “should,” “views” or similar words or phrases or variations thereon, or the negatives of those words or phrases, or statements that events, conditions or results “can,” “will,” “may,” “must,” “would,” “could” or “should” occur or be achieved and similar expressions in connection with any discussion, expectation or projection of future operating or financial performance, costs, regulations, events or trends. The absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements and information are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements reflect our current view concerning future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. There are important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those described in this report as anticipated, estimated or expected, as well as general conditions in the economy, capital markets, the SEC regulations which affect trading in the securities of “penny stocks,” and other risks and uncertainties. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. Depending on the market for our stock and other conditional tests, a specific safe harbor under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 may be available. Notwithstanding the above, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), expressly state that the safe harbor for forward-looking statements does not apply to companies that issue penny stock. Because we may from time to time be considered to be an issuer of penny stock, the safe harbor for forward-looking statements may not apply to us at certain times. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in other filings we make with the SEC for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as predictive of future results. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to “Aeluma,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms refer to Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary. Overview Aeluma develops novel optoelectronic and electronic devices for sensing, communication, and computing applications. Aeluma has pioneered a technique to produce semiconductor materials and chips using high-performance compound semiconductors on large-diameter substrates that are commonly used to manufacture mass-market microelectronics. This enables cost-effective manufacturing of high-performance photodetectors and photodetector arrays for imaging applications in mobile devices, as well as other applications. Aeluma’s technology has the potential to impact a broad range of market verticals. We operate in a 9,000 sq. ft. facility with a state-of-the-art R&D/manufacturing cleanroom and access to world-class rapid prototyping capabilities. The facility houses unique equipment for scalable manufacturing. Aeluma also partners with production-scale fabrication foundries and packaging companies. Aeluma maintains extensive patent protection and trade secrets that relate to its materials, manufacturing technology, and applications. On September 5, 2025, we commenced a new five-year lease for an office adjacent to our existing facility to accommodate anticipated headcount growth and support future expansion. Since the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, we have made progress on our expansion initiatives, including selectively increasing headcount to support operational and strategic objectives. Headcount increased compared to the fourth quarter of 2025 with the addition of eight qualified and experienced personnel. 13 Aeluma is a transformative semiconductor company specializing in high-performance technology that scales. Applications include mobile, automotive, AI, defense & aerospace, communication, AR/VR, high-performance computing, and quantum computing. Aeluma aims to break out of traditional manufacturing to expand the reach of its technology into mass markets. The demand for higher-performance semiconductors in consumer markets is increasing (https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/shortwave-ir-market-52975079.html). Aeluma’s disruptive technology is scalable, cost-effective, while not sacrificing performance. Additionally, Aeluma’s technology may be used to manufacture other electronic and optoelectronic devices including lasers, transistors, and solar cells. Recent Government Contracts During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, we did not enter into any new material government contracts. We continue to perform under existing contracts, including contracts with NASA, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Energy, and U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which remain significant sources of revenue. Public Offerings of Common Stock We completed two underwritten public offerings of our common stock, raising net proceeds of $12.6 million in March 2025 and $23.4 million in September 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the proceeds from these offerings continue to support our working capital, operations, and planned business development activities. No additional equity offerings are planned at this time, but management continues to monitor capital market conditions and may consider future financing if needed. Other Recent Events On August 4, 2025, we appointed Christopher Stewart as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to Mr. Stewart’s employment agreement, he was granted 110,000 stock options and 55,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The stock options have an exercise price of $21.04, with 25% of the stock options vesting on the twelve (12) month anniversary of Mr. Stewart’s employment with the Company. The balance of the stock options will vest in equal monthly increments on each monthly anniversary of Mr. Stewart’s employment start date with the Company, over the next thirty-six (36) months. The stock options expire on the 10-year anniversary of their vesting date. 25% of the shares underlying the RSUs will vest at the end of the fiscal quarter following the twelve (12) month anniversary of Mr. Stewart’s employment start date with the Company, with a pro-rated amount for any partial quarter preceding the twelve (12) month anniversary. The remaining RSUs will vest in equal quarterly increments, with a pro-rated amount for any partial final quarter. Each restricted stock unit represents the contingent right to receive, at settlement, one share of common stock. Plan of Operations Our technology is based on heterogeneous integration of compound semiconductor materials on large-diameter substrates such as silicon. This heterogeneous integration enables the subsequent device fabrication and manufacturing in large-scale manufacturing environments that are suited to mass markets. 14 We will continue to develop our technology that includes novel materials and devices based on our core intellectual property. Our primary focus is to manufacture high-performance semiconductor technologies that scale for mass markets. Aeluma operates R&D and manufacturing facilities at its headquarters in Goleta, California, and has developed relationships with volume fabrication foundries and packaging partners. We will continue to mature our manufacturing processes to further our commercialization traction. We have generated revenue through various customer and government contracts, including small-volume orders, engineering sample evaluations, non-recurring engineering (NRE) development efforts, and R&D projects. We will continue to perform on these various efforts, expand our business development and marketing efforts, further engage with our manufacturing partners, and continue our efforts toward volume production and commercialization. We expect to rely on such external capabilities to scale our production capacity in support of high-volume markets. Limited Operating History We have a limited operating history, and our future success is subject to numerous uncertainties and risks inherent in the development of a new business. Although we raised substantial funds through underwritten completed public offerings in March 2025 and September 2025, raising gross proceeds of $13.8 million and $25.4 million, respectively, there can be no assurance that these funds will be sufficient to carry out all aspects of our business plan. Following the offerings, management has assessed our financial position and operating plan and determined that the previously reported substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern has been alleviated. The proceeds from the offerings have provided near-term capital to support our operations and ongoing development efforts. However, we continue to face risks typical of early-stage companies, including limited capital resources, operational and financial challenges, uncertainty in product development and product-market fit. Components of Results of Operations Revenue Our revenue currently consists of commercial product sales and government contracts. Operating Expenses Cost of revenue consists of costs of materials, as well as direct compensation and other expenses incurred to provide deliverables that result in payment of our services performed and wafers delivered. All such costs are derived through an allocation of R&D expenses that are directly associated with specific projects. We anticipate that our cost of revenue will vary substantially depending on the nature of products and/or services delivered in each customer engagement. R&D expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits, costs associated with design, fabrication, packaging and testing of our devices, and facility lease and utility expenses. We expense R&D expenses as incurred. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits. In addition, general and administrative expenses include third-party consulting, legal, insurance, audit and accounting services, and office lease and utility expenses. Other Income (Expense) Interest income consists primarily of interest earned in interest-bearing savings accounts and certificates of deposit held at a bank. Amortization of discount on convertible notes represents the non-cash interest expense associated with the amortization of convertible notes issued to our debtholders. Changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities reflect valuation changes in the derivatives held by us. Income Tax Expense Income tax expense consists primarily of income taxes in certain state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. 15 Results of Operations Our results of operations for the six months ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, were as follows ($ in thousands): Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 $ Change % Change Revenue $ 2,657 $ 2,093 $ 564 27 % Operating expenses 6,346 2,434 3,912 161 % Other income (expense) 343 (3,283 ) 3,626 -110 % Loss before income tax expense (3,346 ) (3,624 ) 278 -8 % Income tax expense - - - - Net loss $ (3,346 ) $ (3,624 ) $ 278 -8 % Revenue : Revenue increased $564 thousand to $2.7 million, of which $2.6 million was derived from government contracts and $41 thousand from other products and services for the six months ended December 31, 2025. Revenue was $2.1 million, of which $1.9 million was derived from government contracts and $201 thousand from other products and services, for the same period of 2024. Operating expenses : Operating expenses increased $3.9 million, or 160.7%, to $6.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in material purchases to support the delivery of our products and services associated with revenue, as well as higher compensation and related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits driven by new employees hired to support the expansion of the business and scaling of operations. Other income (expense): Other income (expense) consists of interest income of $343 thousand for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to ($3.3) million comprised of amortization of discount on convertible notes of ($428) thousand and changes in fair value of derivative liabilities of ($2.9) million for the same period of 2024. Income tax expense : No income tax expense was recorded for the six months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of December 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and a certificate of deposit totaling $38.6 million, compared to $15.7 million as of June 30, 2025. The increase in cash was primarily attributable to net proceeds from the public offerings, totaling $23.4 million. These funds are primarily held in cash on deposit and money market funds that invest 100% of their assets in short-term U.S. Treasury obligations. Prior to the offerings, our operations were primarily financed through the issuance of convertible notes and sales of common stock in private placement transactions. As previously disclosed, we had expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern due to recurring losses and negative operating cash flows. With the successful completion of the offerings, we believe that substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern has been alleviated for at least the next twelve months. We intend to continue to use the net proceeds from the offerings to support operational growth, invest in product development, and fund working capital and general corporate purposes. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and certificate of deposit, combined with projected revenues and cost management strategies, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. We will continue to assess our capital requirements and may pursue additional financing opportunities to support long-term growth initiatives or respond to changes in market conditions. 16 As of December 31, 2025, we had net working capital, defined as total current assets less total current liabilities, of $39.4 million, compared to $16.6 million at June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by a $22.9 million increase in current assets, which rose to $40.3 million from $17.3 million over the same period, largely due to a $22.8 million increase in cash and cash equivalents. Current liabilities totaled $825 thousand and $705 thousand as of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, respectively, and the balances primarily consisted of accounts payable, along with accrued expenses and other short-term obligations expected to be settled within one year. The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented ($ in thousands): Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 $ Change % Change Net cash provided by (used in) Operating activities $ (1,066 ) $ (1,332 ) $ 266 -20 % Investing activities (241 ) (41 ) (200 ) 488 % Financing activities 24,139 3,145 20,994 668 % Increase in cash and cash equivalents, and certificate of deposit $ 22,832 $ 1,772 $ 21,060 1188 % Net cash used in our operating activities was $1.1 million and $1.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2025, the net cash used in operating activities primarily resulted from a net loss of $3.3 million and decreases in accounts payable of $177 thousand, primarily offset by non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $210 thousand. For the six months ended December 31, 2024, the net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to a net loss of $3.6 million, increases in accounts receivable of $1.3 million and prepaid and other current assets of $115 thousand, and a decrease in accounts payable of $134 thousand. These amounts were partially offset by non-cash expenses including changes in fair value of derivative liabilities of $2.9 million, amortization of discount on convertible notes of $428 thousand, stock-based compensation expense of $316 thousand, and depreciation and amortization expense of $202 thousand. Net cash used in our investing activities totaled $241 thousand and $41 thousand for the six months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These investing activities primarily consisted of purchases of equipment. Net cash provided by our financing activities was $24.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to net cash provided by our financing activities of $3.1 million for the same period in 2024. We received $23.4 million, net of offering costs, from the public offering, $690 thousand from the exercise of stock warrants and $64 thousand from the exercise of stock options for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to $3.1 million from the issuance of convertible notes during the same period in 2024. Critical Accounting Estimates Certain accounting policies require us to make significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, and we consider these to be critical accounting policies. For a description of these critical accounting policies, see Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 1 — The Company and Basis of Presentation in this Report on Form 10-Q. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and our results of operations for the reporting periods. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Not applicable. 17