Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 10-K

Item 9A. Controls And Procedures. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Act of 1934. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be included in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, and was made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period when this report was being prepared. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023. 153 Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2023, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) Auditing Standard No. 5) or a combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Based on such assessment, management concluded that as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. We have implemented and are continuing to implement various measures to address the material weaknesses identified; these measures include: ● as of June 30, 2022, our Director of Financial Reporting, a CPA (Illinois) who is experienced with public company reporting and is conversant in GAAP and SEC accounting issues, was promoted to Interim Chief Financial Officer. Effective January 1, 2023, our Interim Chief Financial Officer was promoted to our full time Chief Financial Officer; ● retaining independent GAAP consulting services to assist with the accounting treatment of complex financial instruments; and ● engaged an independent U.S. based tax consulting firm. We plan to continue to assess our internal controls and procedures and intend to take further action as necessary or appropriate to address any other matters we identify or are brought to our attention. We are continuously improving the effectiveness of our internal controls and disclosure controls. The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such report is not required due to the Company’s status as a smaller reporting company. Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Except as discussed above, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, other than as noted above, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. As of March 7, 2024, we entered into a Settlement Agreement and General Release (“Settlement Agreement”) with James Cullem, our former CEO and director. Pursuant to the terms and conditions outlined in the Settlement Agreement and in exchange for Mr. Cullem’s commitments therein, including his general release of claims against us, among other considerations, we agreed to provide Mr. Cullem with an initial settlement payment totaling $70,000 on April 1, 2024. Additionally, we committed to making an installment payment of $179,155, divided equally into 5 monthly payments. Furthermore, we agreed to issue Mr. Cullem 290,000 settlement shares on April 1, 2024. Should the initial settlement payment and issuance of shares not be made to Mr. Cullem in full on April 1, 2024, the Settlement Agreement will be rendered null and void, releasing both parties from any further obligations under the Settlement Agreement unless otherwise mandated by a prior binding contract or agreement. Both parties will retain any and all rights, claims, and causes of action that would have otherwise been released by the Settlement Agreement. Additionally, Mr. Cullem agreed to act as our consultant and entered into a consulting agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with us, effective as of March 7, 2024. For the avoidance of doubt, no additional consideration is being paid to Mr. Cullem under the Consulting Agreement. Copies of the Settlement Agreement and Consulting Agreement will be included as exhibits to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevents Inspections. Not Applicable. 154 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. The information required by this Item 10 of Form 10-K will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. The 2024 Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information required by this Item 11 of Form 10-K will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information required by this Item 12 of Form 10-K will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence. The information required by this Item 13 of Form 10-K will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. The information required by this Item 14 of Form 10-K will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 155 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. (a) The following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K: (1) Financial Statements The following financial statements of Allarity, and the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms, are included at the end of this report beginning on page F-1: (2) Financial Statement Schedules All schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto or because they are not required. (3) Exhibits The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in subparagraph (b) below. (b) Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report. Exhibit No. Description 2.1 (e) Amended and Restated Plan of Reorganization and Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. a Delaware corporation, Allarity Acquisition Subsidiary, a Delaware corporation and Allarity Therapeutics A/S, an Aktieselskab organized under the laws of Denmark, dated as of September 23, 2021 3.1 (a) Certificate of Incorporation of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.2 (b) Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.3 (c) Amended and Restated Bylaws of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.4 (m) Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Bylaws of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.5 (g) Certificate of Designations of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. relating to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 3.6 (q) Amendment to Certificate of Designation of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 3.7 (q) Certificate of Designation of the Series B Preferred Stock 3.8 (s) Certificate of Designation of the Series C Preferred Stock 3.9 (s) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock 3.10 (u) Second Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.11 (v) Third Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.12 (aa) Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.13 (bb) First Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 3.14 (cc) Fourth Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 3.15 (dd) Second Amendment to Certificate of Designation (Series A Preferred Stock) 3.16 (ff) Third Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Designation (Series A Preferred Stock) 3.17 (hh) Fourth Certificate of Amendment (Series A Preferred Stock) 3.18 (jj) Fifth Certificate of Amendment (Series A Preferred Stock) 3.19 (ll) Sixth Certificate of Amendment (Series A Preferred Stock) 4.1 (b) Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 4.2 (aa) Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (3i, LP) 4.3 (aa) Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (April 2023) 4.4 (aa) Form of Common Warrant (April 2023) 4.5 (aa) Modification and Exchange Warrant 4.6 (ee) Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (July 2023) 4.7 (ee) Form of Common Warrant (July 2023) 4.8 (ff) Form of Amended and Restated Common Stock Purchase Warrant (July 2023) 4.9 (gg) Form of New Warrant 156 4.10 (nn) Form of Pre-Funded Warrant 4.11 (nn) Form of Series A Common Warrant 4.12 (nn) Form of Series B Common Warrant 4.13 (jj) Senior Convertible Note 4.14 (ll) Senior Convertible Note, dated as of February 13, 2024 10.1# (e) Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan 10.2† (a) Exclusive License Agreement between Oncology Venture A/S and Smerud Medical Research International As Dated as of June 26, 2020 10.3† (a) Amended and Restated License Agreement between Allarity Therapeutics A/S and LiPlasome Pharma ApS, dated January 2021 10.4† (a) Exclusive License Agreement between Oncology Venture, APS and 2-BBB Medicines BV, dated as of March 27, 2017 10.5† (c) Development, Option and License Agreement between Oncology Venture ApS and R-Pharm US Operating LLC, dated March 1, 2019 10.6† (c) Exclusive License Agreement between Oncology Venture, ApS and Eisai, Inc., dated as of July 6, 2017 10.7 † (c) License Agreement between Novartis Pharma Ag and Oncology Venture, ApS, dated April 6, 2018 10.8 + (a) Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 20, 2021 between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and 3i, LP 10.9 (a) Registration Rights Agreement dated May 20, 2021 between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and 3i, LP 10.10 † (a) Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 23, 2021 between Allarity Therapeutics A/S and Lantern Pharma Inc. 10.11 (c) First Amendment to the Exclusive License Agreement between Eisai and Allarity Therapeutics A/S dated December 20, 2020. 10.12 (d) Second Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement between Oncology Venture, ApS and Eisai, Inc. dated as of August 3, 2021. 10.13# (f) Employment Agreement by and between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and James G. Cullem 10.14# (f) Employment Agreement by and between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and Marie Foegh, M.D. 10.15 (h) Asset Purchase Agreement between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and Allarity Therapeutics A/S dated December 17, 2021 10.16 (k) Assignment and Assumption Agreement between Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and Allarity A/S 10.17† (k) Exclusive License Agreement with Oncoheroes Bioscience, Inc. dated January 2, 2022 (Stenoparib) 10.18† (k) Exclusive License Agreement with Oncoheroes Bioscience, Inc. dated January 2, 2022 (Dovitnib) 10.19† (k) Amended and Restated License Agreement among Allarity Therapeutics Europe ApS, LiPlasome Pharma ApS, and Chosa ApS dated March 28, 2022 10.20† (k) Support Agreement between Allarity Therapeutics A/S and LiPlasome Pharma ApS, dated March 28, 2022 10.21 (i) First Amendment to License Agreement between Novartis Pharma Ag and Allarity Therapeutics Europe ApS 10.22 (i) Convertible Promissory Note 10.23 (j) Forbearance Agreement and Waiver 10.24 (l) First Amendment to Forbearance and Waiver 10.25†# (o) Separation Agreement with Steve Carchedi 10.26†# (o) Separation Agreement with Jens Knudsen 10.27 (o) Second Amendment to Development Option & License Agreement 10.28† (p) Second Amendment to License Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG 10.29 (q) Secured Note Purchase Agreement 10.30 (q) Form of Secured Promissory Note 10.31 (q) Security Agreement 10.32# (r) Employment Agreement with James G. Cullem 10.33# (r) Employment Agreement with Joan Brown 10.34 (t) Letter Agreement with 3i, LP dated December 8, 2022 10.35 (t) Letter Agreement with 3i, LP dated January 23, 2023 10.36 +(s) Form of Securities Purchase Agreement Series C Preferred Stock 10.37 (s) Form of Registration Rights Agreement 10.38 (s) Limited Waiver Agreement 10.39 (aa) Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (April Offering) 10.40 (y) Form of Lock- Up Agreement (April Offering) 10.41 (z) First Amendment to Secured Note Purchase Agreement 10.42 (z) First Amendment to Security Agreement 10.43 (z) Form of Secured Promissory Note (2023) 157 10.44 (aa) Secured Promissory Note 10.45 (aa) Modification and Exchange Agreement 10.46 (aa) Cancellation of Debt Agreement 10.47 (aa) First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement 10.48 (aa) Limited Waiver Agreement 10.49 (bb) Amendment to Modification and Exchange Agreement 10.50 (ee) Form of Securities Purchase Agreement 10.51 (bb) Fourth Amendment to the Exclusive License Agreement with Eisai, Inc. 10.52 (ee) Third Amendment to the Exclusive License Agreement with Eisai, Inc. 10.53 (ee) Form of Limited Waiver and Amendment Agreement 10.54 (ee) 3i, LP – Limited Waiver and Amendment Agreement 10.55 (dd) June 2023 Secured Note Purchase Agreement 10.56 (dd) Security Agreement 10.57 (dd) Secured Promissory Note 10.58 (ee) Form of Lock-Up Agreement 10.59 (gg) Form of Inducement Letter 10.60 (gg) Limited Waiver between the Company and 3i, LP 10.61 (nn) Form of Securities Purchase Agreement 10.62 (mm) Form of Lock Up Agreement 10.63# Employment Agreement (Steen Knudsen) 10.64 (jj) Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2024, by and between the Company and the Purchaser listed on the signature page attached thereto 10.65 (kk) Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2024, by and between the Company and the Purchaser listed on the signature page attached thereto 10.66 (ll) Limited Waiver Agreement, dated as of February 13, 2024, by and between the Company and the Purchaser listed on the signature page attached thereto 10.67 (oo) Amendment to Senior Convertible Notes 16.1 (n) Letter from Marcum, LLP dated August 23, 2022, regarding Change in Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant 31.1 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 31.2 Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 32.1* Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 32.2* Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 97 Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. Clawback Policy 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101) (a) Incorporated by reference from the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC on August 20, 2021. (b) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 refiled with the SEC on October 20, 2021. (c) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 refiled with the SEC on October 20, 2021. (d) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2021. (e) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on December 6, 2021. (f) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 10, 2021. (g) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2021. (h) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 22, 2021. (i) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 18, 2022. 158 (j) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 6, 2022. (k) Incorporate by reference from Form 10-K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2022. (l) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 10, 2022. (m) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 11, 2022. (n) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 12, 2022, as amended on August 24, 2022. (o) Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on October 7, 2022. (p) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 30, 2022. (q) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 25, 2022. (r) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2023. (s) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023. (t) Incorporated by reference from Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2023. (u) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023. (v) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023. (x) Incorporated by reference from Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2023. (y) Incorporated by reference from Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2023. (z) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 12, 2023. (aa) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 25, 2023. (bb) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2023. (cc) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2023. (dd) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2023. (ee) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on June 30, 2023. (ff) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 11, 2023. (gg) Incorporated by reference from Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 15, 2023. (hh) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2023. (ii) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form S-1 filed on October 30, 2023. (jj) Incorporated by reference Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2024. (kk) Incorporated by reference Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 25, 2024. (ll) Incorporated by reference Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024. (mm) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on December 15, 2023. (nn) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on December 5, 2023. (oo) Incorporated by reference Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2024. † Certain portions of this exhibit were omitted because they are not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if disclosed. * Furnished herewith. # Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. + Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601. The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary. None. 159 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. By: /s/ Thomas Jensen Name: Thomas Jensen Title: Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Thomas Jensen Chief Executive Officer and Director March 7, 2024 Thomas Jensen ( Principal Executive Officer ) /s/ Joan Brown Chief Financial Officer March 7, 2024 Joan Brown ( Principal Financial and Accounting Officer ) /s/ Gerald McLaughlin Chairman of the Board March 7, 2024 Gerald McLaughlin /s/ Joe Vazzano Director March 7, 2024 Joe Vazzano /s/ Dr. Laura Benjamin Director March 7, 2024 Dr. Laura Benjamin 160 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Pages Consolidated Financial Statements For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 392 ) F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss F-4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) F-5 – F-6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-7 – F-8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9 – F-48 F- 1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc.: Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Emphasis of a Matter Regarding Going Concern The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Wolf & Company, P.C . We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022. Boston, MA March 7, 2024 F- 2 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for share and per share data*) December 31, December 31, 2023 2022 ASSETS Current assets: Cash $ 166 $ 2,029 Other current assets 209 1,559 Prepaid expenses 781 591 Tax credit receivable 815 789 Total current assets 1,971 4,968 Non-current assets: Property, plant and equipment, net 20 21 Operating lease right of use assets — 6 Intangible assets 9,871 9,549 Total assets $ 11,862 $ 14,544 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 8,416 $ 6,251 Accrued liabilities 1,309 1,904 Warrant derivative liability 3,083 374 Income taxes payable 59 41 Convertible promissory note and accrued interest, net of debt discount 1,300 — Secured promissory notes — 2,644 Operating lease liabilities, current — 8 Total current liabilities 14,167 11,222 Non-current liabilities: Convertible promissory note and accrued interest, net of debt discount — 1,083 Deferred tax 446 349 Total liabilities 14,613 12,654 Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) Redeemable preferred stock ( 500,000 shares authorized) Series A Preferred Stock $ 0.0001 par value ( 20,000 shares designated) shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were 1,417 and 13,586 , respectively (liquidation preference of $ 17.54 at December 31, 2023) — 2,001 Series B Preferred Stock $ 0.0001 par value ( 200,000 shares designated); shares issued at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were 0 and 190,786 , respectively (liquidation preference of $ 0 at December 31, 2023) — 2 Series C Convertible Preferred stock $ 0.0001 par value ( 50,000 and 0 shares designated at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively); shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 were 0 — — Total redeemable preferred stock — 2,003 Stockholders’ (deficit) equity Series A Preferred stock $ 0.0001 par value ( 20,000 shares designated) shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were 1,417 and 13,586 , respectively (liquidation preference of $ 17.54 at December 31, 2023) 1,742 — Common Stock, $ 0.0001 par value ( 750,000,000 and 30,000,000 shares authorized, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively); shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were 5,886,934 and 11,356 , respectively — — Additional paid-in capital 90,369 83,158 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 411 ) ( 721 ) Accumulated deficit ( 94,451 ) ( 82,550 ) Total stockholders’ deficit ( 2,751 ) ( 113 ) Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders’ (deficit) equity $ 11,862 $ 14,544 * All common share data has been retroactively adjusted to effect reverse stock splits in 2023 (see Notes 1 and 10.) See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 3 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for share and per share data*) 2023 2022 Operating expenses: Research and development $ 7,103 $ 6,930 Impairment of intangible assets — 17,571 General and administrative 10,026 9,962 Total operating expenses 17,129 34,463 Loss from operations ( 17,129 ) ( 34,463 ) Other income (expenses) Income from the sale of IP — 1,780 Interest income 22 30 Interest expenses ( 498 ) ( 223 ) Loss on investment — ( 115 ) Foreign exchange gains (losses) 133 ( 913 ) Fair value of inducement warrants ( 4,189 ) — Loss on modification of warrants ( 591 ) — Change in fair value adjustment of warrant derivative liabilities 10,434 17,125 Penalty on Series A Preferred stock liability — ( 800 ) Net other income, net 5,311 16,884 Net loss before tax recovery (expense) ( 11,818 ) ( 17,579 ) Deferred income tax (expense) benefit ( 83 ) 1,521 Net loss ( 11,901 ) ( 16,058 ) Cash payable on converted Series A Preferred Stock — ( 3,421 ) Deemed dividends on Series A Preferred Stock ( 8,392 ) — Deemed dividend of on Series C Preferred Stock ( 123 ) ( 1,572 ) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ ( 20,416 ) $ ( 21,051 ) Basic and diluted net loss per common stock $ ( 10.26 ) $ ( 3,093.42 ) Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted 1,990,748 6,805 Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: Net loss $ ( 11,901 ) $ ( 16,058 ) Change in cumulative translation adjustment 310 ( 121 ) Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders $ ( 11,591 ) $ ( 16,179 ) * All common share data has been retroactively adjusted to effect reverse stock splits in 2023 (see Notes 1 and 10.) See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 4 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for share data*) Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Series B Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Loss Deficit (Deficit) Balance, December 31, 2021 carried forward 19,800 $ 632 — $ — 5,783 $ 1 $ 85,243 $ ( 600 ) $ ( 66,492 ) $ 18,152 Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock, net ( 6,214 ) ( 203 — — 5,573 1 202 — — 203 Floor price liability — — — — ( 3,421 ) — — ( 3,421 ) Reclassification of derivative liabilities related to converted preferred stock — — — — — — 954 — — 954 Deemed dividend of 8 % on preferred stock 1,572 — — — — ( 1,572 ) — — ( 1,572 ) Series B preferred stock dividend — — 190,786 2 — — ( 2 ) — — ( 2 ) Stock based compensation — — — — — — 1,752 — — 1,752 Cumulative translation adjustment — — — — — — — ( 121 ) — ( 121 ) Net loss — — — — — — — — ( 16,058 ) ( 16,058 ) Balance, December 31, 2022 13,586 $ 2,001 190,786 $ 2 11,356 $ 2 $ 83,158 $ ( 721 ) $ ( 82,550 ) $ ( 113 ) * All common share data has been retroactively adjusted to effect reverse stock splits in 2023 (see Notes 1 and 10.) See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 5 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for share data*) Series A Preferred Stock Series B Preferred Stock Series C Convertible Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Equity Number Value Number Value Number Value Number Value Number Value Capital Loss Deficit (Deficit) Balance, December 31, 2022 13,586 $ 2,001 190,786 $ 2 — $ — — — 11,356 $ — $ 83,158 $ ( 721 ) $ ( 82,550 ) $ ( 113 ) Issuance of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, net — — — — 50,000 1,160 — — — — — — — — Deemed dividend of 5 % and accretion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock to redemption value — — — — — 164 — — — — ( 164 ) — — ( 164 ) Round up of common shares issued as a result of 1-for-35 and 1-for-40 reverse stock splits — — — — — — — — 351 — — — — — Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock, net ( 9,347 ) ( 1,377 ) — — — — ( 2,705 ) ( 2,522 ) 241,893 — 3,899 — — 1,377 Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock — — ( 190,786 ) ( 2 ) — — — — — — 2 — — 2 Issuance of common stock, net, April 2023 Financing — — — — — — — — 250,000 — 6,815 — — 6,815 Fair value of April Warrants allocated to liabilities, net of financing costs — — — — — — — — — — ( 3,772 ) — — ( 3,772 ) Deemed dividends on Series C Preferred Stock — — — — — 123 — — — — ( 123 ) — — ( 123 ) Elimination of Series A redemption rights ( 4,239 ) ( 624 ) — — 4,239 3,952 — — ( 3,328 ) — — 624 Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock as repayment of debt — — — — — — 486 453 — — — — — 453 Deemed dividend on redemption of Series A Preferred Stock and cancellation of debt in conjunction with April 2023 financing — — — — — — ( 1,550 ) ( 1,445 ) — — ( 207 ) — — ( 1,652 ) Deemed dividend on exchange of Series C Preferred stock for Series A Preferred stock — — — — ( 50,000 ) ( 1,447 ) 5,577 5,199 — — ( 3,752 ) — — 1,447 Deemed dividend on July 10, 2023 modification of Series A Preferred stock — — — — — — — 206 — — ( 206 ) — — — Issuance of common stock, net July 2023 financing — — — — — — — — 2,444,445 — 10,080 — — 10,080 Fair value of July Warrants allocated to liabilities, net of financing costs — — — — — — — — — ( 6,254 ) — — ( 6,254 ) Deemed dividend on redemption of Series A Preferred Stock in conjunction with July 2023 financing — — — — ( 4,630 ) ( 4,474 ) — — ( 526 ) — — ( 5,000 ) September 2023 warrants exercised on inducement, net — — — — — — — — 2,438,889 — 2,962 — — 2,962 Reclassification of derivative liabilities related to September 2023 warrants exercised — — — — — — — — — — 1,056 — — 1,056 Cashless exercise of Exchange Warrants — — — — — — — — 500,000 — 1,031 — — 1,031 Deemed dividend on September 2023 modification of Series A Preferred shares — — — — — — — 373 — — ( 373 ) — — — Stock based compensation — — — — — — — — — — 71 — — 71 Currency translation adjustment — — — — — — — — — — — 310 — 310 Net loss — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 11,901 ) ( 11,901 ) Balance, December 31, 2023 — $ — — $ — — $ — 1,417 $ 1,742 5,886,934 $ — $ 90,369 $ ( 411 ) $ ( 94,451 ) $ ( 2,751 ) * All common share data has been retroactively adjusted to effect reverse stock splits in 2023 (see Notes 1 and 10.) See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 6 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands*) 2023 2022 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $ ( 11,901 ) $ ( 16,058 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Gain from the sale of IP — ( 1,780 ) Depreciation and amortization 37 60 Intangible asset impairment — 17,571 Stock-based compensation ( 71 ) 1,752 Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss ( 179 ) 450 Non-cash interest expense 464 138 Non-cash finance expense 1,110 — Fair value of inducement warrants 4,189 — Loss on modification of warrants 591 — Loss on investment — 115 Change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities ( 10,434 ) ( 17,125 ) Deferred income taxes 97 ( 1,612 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Other current assets 1,350 ( 1,077 ) Tax credit receivable ( 26 ) — Prepaid expenses ( 190 ) ( 618 ) Accounts payable 2,165 6,207 Accrued liabilities 43 ( 4,722 ) Income taxes payable 18 ( 19 ) Operating lease liability ( 8 ) ( 99 ) Net cash used in operating activities ( 12,745 ) ( 16,817 ) CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from the sale of IP — 809 Purchase of property and equipment — ( 18 ) Net cash provided by investing activities — 791 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from Series C Convertible Preferred Stock issuance, net 1,160 — Proceeds from 3i promissory notes 1,050 1,000 Repayment of 3i debt ( 3,699 ) — Net proceeds from common stock and pre-funded warrant issuance 16,895 — Net proceeds from warrants exercised in conjunction with price & warrant inducement 2,243 — Redemption of Series A Preferred Stock ( 6,652 ) — Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock ( 2 ) — Cash paid in connection with conversion of Series A Preferred Stock — ( 1,511 ) Penalty on Series A Preferred Stock liability — ( 800 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 10,995 ( 1,311 ) Net decrease in cash ( 1,750 ) ( 17,337 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ( 113 ) ( 189 ) Cash, beginning of year 2,029 19,555 Cash, end of year $ 166 $ 2,029 * All common share data has been retroactively adjusted to effect reverse stock splits in 2023 (see Notes 1 and 10.) See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 7 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (cont.) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Cash paid for income taxes $ 6 $ 12 Cash paid for interest $ 34 $ 85 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Offset of payable against receivable from sale of IP $ — $ 971 Conversion of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock to equity $ 3,899 $ 1,157 Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock in Exchange for Series C Preferred Stock $ 5,199 $ — Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock to extinguish 3i Promissory Note $ 453 $ — Redemption of Series A Preferred Stock as repayment of debt $ 1,445 — Deemed dividends on Series A Preferred Stock $ 8,392 $ 1,572 Deemed dividend on Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, and accretion of Series C Preferred Stock to redemption value $ 123 — Cashless exercise of 3i LP Exchange Warrants in exchange for common stock $ 1,031 $ — Deemed dividend on redemption of Series B Preferred Stock $ — $ 2 Conversion of floor price liability to convertible debt $ — $ 1,667 Reclassification of derivative liabilities related to converted Preferred Stock $ — $ 954 See report of independent registered public accounting firm and accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 8 ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for share and per share data and where otherwise noted) 1. Organization, Principal Activities, and Basis of Presentation Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company that develops drugs for the personalized treatment of cancer using drug specific companion diagnostics generated by its proprietary drug response predictor technology, DRP ® . Additionally, the Company, through its Danish subsidiary, Allarity Denmark (previously Oncology Venture ApS), specializes in the research and development of anti-cancer drugs. The Company’s principal operations are located at Venlighedsvej 1, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark. The Company’s business address in the Unites States is located at 24 School Street, 2 nd Floor, Boston, MA 02108. (a) Reverse Stock Splits On June 28 and March 24, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-40 reverse stock split and a 1-for-35 reverse stock split, respectively, of the shares of common stock of the Company (collectively, the “Reverse Stock Splits”). All historical share and per share amounts reflected throughout the financial statements (as defined below in 1(b) and these notes to the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect both of the Reverse Stock Splits. See Note 10(a). (b) Liquidity and Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not reflect any adjustments relating to the recoverability and reclassification of assets and liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. Pursuant to the requirements of Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 205-40, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, management must evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date of these financial statements, and (1) is probable that the plan will be effectively implemented within one year after the date the financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plan, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant condition or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financials are issued. Certain elements of the Company’s operating plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt are outside of the Company’s control and cannot be included in the management’s evaluation under the requirements of ASC 205-40. Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all its efforts to business planning, research and development, clinical expenses, recruiting management and technical staff, and securing funding via collaborations. The Company has historically funded its operations with proceeds received from its collaboration arrangements, sale of equity capital and proceeds from sales of convertible notes. The Company has incurred significant losses and has an accumulated deficit of $ 94.5 million as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, our cash deposits of $ 166 are insufficient to fund our current operating plan and planned capital expenditures for the next 12 months. These conditions give rise to substantial doubt over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. F- 9 1. Organization, Principal Activities, and Basis of Presentation (cont.) Management’s plans to mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt include additional funding through public equity, private equity, debt financing, collaboration partnerships, or other sources. Considering the Company’s cash position as of March 7, 2024, the Company does not have sufficient funds for its current operations and planned capital expenditures. As discussed above the Company intends to seek capital through the sale of its securities or other sources. There are no assurances, however, that the Company will be successful in raising additional working capital, or if it is able to raise additional working capital, it may be unable to do so on commercially favorable terms. The Company’s failure to raise capital or enter other such arrangements if and when needed would have a negative impact on its business, results of operations and financial condition and its ability to develop its product candidates. Although management continues to pursue its funding plans, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining sufficient funding to fund continuing operations on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. Accordingly, based upon cash on hand at the issuance date of these financial statements the Company does not have sufficient funds to finance its operations for at least twelve months from the issuance date and therefore has concluded that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. (c) Risks and Uncertainties The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry, including but not limited to, risks of failure of preclinical studies and clinical trials, the need to obtain marketing approval for any drug product candidate that it may identify and develop, the need to successfully commercialize and gain market acceptance of its product candidates, dependence on key personnel and collaboration partners, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, development by competitors of technological innovations, and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. Even if the Company’s research and development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales. (d) Emerging Growth Companies Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has chosen not to make an election to opt out of new or revised accounting standards. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the ASC and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). F- 10 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (b) Organization and Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Name Country of Incorporation Allarity Acquisition Subsidiary Inc. United States Allarity Therapeutics Europe ApS (formerly Oncology Venture Product Development ApS) Denmark Allarity Therapeutics Denmark ApS (formerly OV-SPV2 ApS) Denmark MPI Inc.* United States OV US Inc.** United States * In the process of being dissolved because inactive. ** OV US Inc. was dissolved effective November 15, 2023. All intercompany transactions and balances, including unrealized profits from intercompany sales, have been eliminated upon consolidation. (c) Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting years. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the fair value of the Series A preferred shares, warrants, 3i Exchange Warrants, convertible debt, and the accrual for research and development expenses, fair values of acquired intangible assets and impairment review of those assets, share based compensation expense, and income tax uncertainties and valuation allowances. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates are periodically reviewed considering reasonable changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known and if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates or assumptions. (d) Foreign currency and currency translation The functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity’s operations are conducted. The Company and its subsidiaries operate mainly in Denmark and the United States. The functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries are their local currency. The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its Denmark subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate in effect during each monthly period. Unrealized translation gains and losses are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, which is included in the consolidated statements of changes in redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet dates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Exchange gains or losses arising from foreign currency transactions are included in the determination of net loss for the respective periods. Adjustments that arise from exchange rate translations are included in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as incurred. The Company recorded a foreign exchange translation gain (loss) of $ 309 and ($ 121 ), included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. F- 11 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (e) Concentrations of credit risk and of significant suppliers Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. The Company maintains its cash in financial institutions in amounts that could exceed government-insured limits. The Company does not believe it is subject to additional credit risks beyond those normally associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company has not experienced losses on its cash accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk regarding these deposits is not significant. The Company is dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply products for research and development activities in its programs. In particular, the Company relies and expects to continue to rely on a small number of manufacturers to supply its requirements for supplies and raw materials related to these programs. These programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in these manufacturing services or the availability of raw materials. (f) Cash Cash consists primarily of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents or restricted cash on December 31, 2023 and 2022. (g) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Estimated Useful Economic Life Laboratory equipment 5 years Furniture and office equipment 3 years Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of, and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in loss from operations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there have been no significant asset retirements to date. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred. (h) Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets consist of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets. Long-lived assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. An impairment loss would be recognized as a loss from operations when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset group or the estimated return on investment are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset group over its fair value, determined based on discounted cash flow or return on investment calculations. (i) Acquired patents Acquired patents are measured in the balance sheet at the lower of cost less accumulated amortization and impairment charges, if any. The legal costs incurred to renew or extend the term of the acquired patents are expensed as incurred. Cost comprises the acquisition price and the depreciation period are estimated at approximately 5 years with no residual value. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed every year . F- 12 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (j) Acquired in-process research and development (IPR&D) Acquired IPR&D represents the fair value assigned to research and development assets that the Company acquired as part of a business combination and have not been completed at the acquisition date. The fair value of IPR&D acquired in a business combination is recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at the acquisition-date fair value and is determined by estimating the costs to develop the technology into commercially viable products, estimating the resulting revenue from the projects, and discounting the projected net cash flows to present value. IPR&D is not amortized, but rather is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present, until the project is completed, abandoned, or transferred to a third-party. Management assesses its acquired IPR&D for impairment at year end date as well as when events and circumstances indicate there is a potential impairment. Significant quantitative indicators considered are the Company’s market capitalization, market share, length of remaining clinical trials, and projected revenue per treatment. The projected discounted cash flow models used to estimate the fair value of partnered assets and cost approach model used to estimate proprietary assets as part of the Company’s IPR&D reflect significant assumptions regarding the estimates a market participant would make to evaluate a drug development asset, including the following: ● Estimates of obsolescence of development expenditure; ● Probability of successfully completing clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approval; ● Estimates of future cash flows from potential milestone payments and royalties related to out-licensed product sales; and ● A discount rate reflecting the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and specific risk inherent in the underlying assets. Once brought into use, intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic lives using the economic consumption method if anticipated future revenues can be reasonably estimated. The straight-line method is used when revenues cannot be reasonably estimated. In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has recorded impairment losses of $ 0 and $ 17,571 respectively on its intangible assets. (k) Fair value measurements of financial instruments The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments of cash, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s other financial instruments include an equity investment, preferred shares, convertible debt, and warrant derivative liabilities. The equity investment is adjusted to fair market value at the end of every period based upon unadjusted quoted prices. The convertible debt and derivative liabilities that are freestanding equity-linked financial instruments are fair valued at the end of every period using level 3 inputs. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between the following: ● Level 1 — defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. F- 13 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) ● Level 2 — defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and ● Level 3 — defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. (l) Segment and geographic information Operating segments are defined as components of a business for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company and its chief operating decision maker, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, view the Company’s operations and manage its business as a single operating segment. The Company operates in two geographic areas: Denmark and the United States. (m) Research contract costs and accruals Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries, share-based compensation and benefits, facilities costs and laboratory supplies, depreciation, amortization and impairment expense, manufacturing expenses and external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct preclinical development activities and clinical trials. Typically, upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development in the period in which they are incurred. The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with companies in Europe, the United States, and other countries. These agreements are generally cancellable, and related payments are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs. (n) Research and development incentives and receivable Denmark Tax Incentives Denmark allows loss making companies the opportunity to apply for a payment equal to the tax value ( 22 %) of negative taxable income related to R&D costs. The negative taxable income is calculated on the total negative income of the companies participating in the joint taxation. Tax payment according to this rule cannot exceed an amount of DKK 5.5 million, corresponding to a tax loss relating to R&D expenditure of DKK 25 million. The tax credit is recorded as tax receivable and other income within research and development expenses. In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $ 800 and $ 711 in tax credits, respectively, thereby reducing research and development expenses. F- 14 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) European Agency Grants The Company, through its subsidiaries in Denmark, from time-to-time receives reimbursements of certain research and development expenditures as part of a European agency’s research and development cost relief program. Management has assessed the Company’s research and development activities and expenditures to determine which activities and expenditures are likely to be eligible under the research and development incentive program described above. At each period end, management estimates the reimbursement available to the Company based on available information at the time. The Company records these research and development expense reimbursements as a reduction to research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as the research and development cost reimbursements are not dependent on the Company generating future taxable income, the Company’s ongoing tax status, or tax position. The Company recognizes a receivable for the research and development incentives when the relevant expenditure has been incurred, the associated conditions have been satisfied and there is reasonable assurance that the reimbursement will be received. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has not received or recorded government grants receivable. (o) Convertible debt instruments The Company follows ASC 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity in its evaluation of the accounting for a hybrid instrument. A financial instrument that embodies an unconditional obligation, or a financial instrument other than an outstanding share that embodies a conditional obligation, that the issuer must or may settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares shall be classified as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances) if, at inception, the monetary value of the obligation is based solely or predominantly on any one of the following: (a) a fixed monetary amount known at inception; (b) variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares; or (c) variations inversely related to changes in the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares. Hybrid instruments meeting these criteria are not further evaluated for any embedded derivatives and are carried as a liability at fair value at each balance sheet date with remeasurements reported in change on fair value expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Additionally, the Company accounts for certain convertible debt (“Convertible Notes”) issued under the fair value option election of ASC 825, Financial Instruments wherein the financial instrument is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently re-measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. The estimated fair value adjustment is recognized as other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and the portion of the fair value adjustment attributed to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized as a component of other comprehensive loss. Convertible Notes are settled with shares at fair value of the stock issued with any differences recorded to other income (expense), as a gain (loss) on extinguishment. (p) Warrants When the Company issues warrants it evaluates the proper balance sheet classification to determine classification as either equity or as a derivative liability on the consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in the Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”), the Company classifies a warrant as equity so long as it is “indexed to the Company’s equity” and several specific conditions for equity classification are met. A warrant is not considered indexed to the Company’s equity, in general, when it contains certain types of exercise contingencies or adjustments to exercise price. If a warrant is not indexed to the Company’s equity or it has net cash settlement that results in the warrants to be accounted for under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, or ASC 815-40, it is classified as a derivative liability, which is carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value with any changes in its fair value recognized immediately in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had warrants outstanding for share-based compensation that were classified as equity, and outstanding investor warrants that were classified as derivative liabilities and classified as “Warrant liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. F- 15 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (q) Derivative financial instruments The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all its financial instruments to determine if such instruments contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. Embedded derivatives must be separately measured from the host contract if all the requirements for bifurcation are met. The assessment of the conditions surrounding the bifurcation of embedded derivatives depends on the nature of the host contract. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are recognized at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss each reporting period. (s) Share-based compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company records the expense for option awards using either a graded or straight-line method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. For share-based awards granted to both employee and non-employee consultants, the measurement date for non-employee awards is the date of grant. The compensation expense is then recognized over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period of the respective award. The Company reviews all stock award modifications including when there is an exchange of original award for a new award. In the case of stock award modifications, the Company calculates for the incremental fair value based on the difference between the fair value of the modified award and the fair value of the original award immediately before it was modified. The Company immediately recognizes the incremental value as compensation cost for vested awards and recognizes, on a prospective basis over the remaining requisite service period, the sum of the incremental compensation cost and any remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original award on the modification date. The fair value of stock options (“options”) on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using the single-option approach. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, including the option’s expected term and the price volatility of the underlying stock, to determine the fair value of the award. The Company applies the Black-Scholes model as it believes it is the most appropriate fair value method for all option awards. The Black-Scholes model requires several assumptions, of which the most significant are the share price, expected volatility and the expected award term. Expected term of options granted is calculated using the simplified method being the average between the vesting period and the contractual term to the expected term of the options in effect at the time of grant. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends and, therefore, uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the option pricing model. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. treasury bonds with equivalent terms. The Company classifies share-based compensation expense in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the same way the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. F- 16 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (t) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with shareholders. The Company records unrealized gains and losses related to foreign currency translation and instrument specific credit risk as components of other accumulated comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s other comprehensive loss was comprised of currency translation adjustments and fair value adjustments attributable to instrument specific credit risk. (u) Contingencies Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties, and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether a potential loss amount or a potential loss range is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidelines that address accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses costs as incurred in relation to such legal proceedings as general and administrative expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. (v) Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income tax expense. Potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by estimating the future taxable profits expected and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company accounts for uncertainty the consolidated financial statements by applying a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination by the taxing authorities. If the tax position is deemed more-likely-than-not-to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that will more likely than not be realized upon ultimate settlement. Any provision for income taxes includes the effects of any resulting tax reserves, or unrecognized tax benefits that are considered appropriate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in other (income) expenses. (w) Computation of loss per share Basic net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. The Company adjusts net loss to arrive at the net loss attributable to common stockholders to reflect the amount of dividends accumulated during the period on the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, if any. The treasury stock method is used to determine the dilutive effect of the Company’s stock option grants and warrants and the if-converted method is used to determine the dilutive effect of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock and Convertible Notes. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a net loss attributable to common stockholders, and as such, all outstanding stock options, shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock, and warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. Under the if-converted method, convertible instruments that are in the money, are assumed to have been converted as of the beginning of the period or when issued, if later. F- 17 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.) (x) Recently issued accounting pronouncements Changes to GAAP are established by the FASB in the form of ASUs to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. All other ASUs issued through the date of these financial statements were assessed and determined not to be applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. 3. Other Current Assets The Company’s other current assets are comprised of the following: December 31, 2023 2022 Deposits $ 56 $ 51 Salary deposit 22 85 Value added tax (“VAT”) receivable 131 82 Deferred consulting costs — 81 Deferred Directors & Officers insurance expense — 1,260 $ 209 $ 1,559 4. Intangible assets Intangible assets, impairment charges and adjustments are summarized as follows: IPR&D Assets December 31, 2023 2022 Opening balance $ 9,549 $ 28,135 Impairment recognized during the period — ( 17,571 ) Foreign translation adjustment 322 ( 1,015 ) Ending balance $ 9,871 $ 9,549 As of the year ended December 31, 2023, because of continuing downward pressure on the Company’s common stock, we performed an impairment assessment and determined that no further impairment of our intangible assets is required as of December 31, 2023. As a result of both the Company’s February 15, 2022, receipt of a Refusal to File (“RTF”) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding the Company’s new drug application (“NDA”) for Dovitinib, and the current depressed state of the Company’s stock price, the Company has performed an impairment assessment on its individual intangible assets utilizing a discounted cash flow model with a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) of 16 %, and recognized an impairment charge of $ 14,007 during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, because of continued downward pressure on the Company’s common stock, we performed a further impairment assessment on the Company’s individual intangible asset utilizing a discounted cash flow model with a WACC of 26 % and recognized a further impairment charge of $ 3,564 . The Company’s IPR&D assets have been classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets. Our individual material development project in progress, Stenoparib, is recorded at $ 9,871 and $ 9,549 on December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. F- 18 5. Accrued liabilities The Company’s accrued liabilities are comprised of the following: December 31, 2023 2022 Development cost liability $ 114 $ 964 Accrued interest on milestone liabilities 101 — Payroll accruals 398 221 Accrued Board member fees 60 91 Accrued consulting fees 150 — Accrued audit and legal 425 239 Other 61 389 $ 1,309 $ 1,904 6. Convertible promissory note and accrued interest, net On April 12, 2022, Allarity Denmark re-issued a Convertible Promissory Note (the “Promissory Note”) to Novartis Pharma AG, a company organized under the laws of Switzerland (“Novartis,” and together with Allarity Therapeutics Europe ApS (“Allarity Europe”), the “License Parties”) in the principal amount of $ 1,000 . The Promissory Note was re-issued pursuant to the First Amendment to License Agreement, with an effective date of March 30, 2022 (the “First Amendment”), entered into by and between the License Parties, which amended the License Agreement dated April 6, 2018 (the “Original Agreement”) previously entered into by the License Parties relating to the Compound (as defined in the Original Agreement). The First Amendment amends and restates Section 11.7 of the Original Agreement to add the revised Note to the list of enforceable claims in the second paragraph of Section 11.7 making the revised Note enforceable under New York law as a legal obligation of Allarity Denmark ApS (formerly OV-SPV2 ApS). All other provisions of the Original Agreement and Promissory Note were unchanged and remain in full force and effect. The Promissory Note pays simple interest on the outstanding principal amount from the date until payment in full, which interest shall be payable at the rate of 5 % per annum. Interest shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Due to the Company’s inability to meet its milestone payment commitments to Novartis, effective January 26, 2024, the Company has received a Termination Notice of all agreements with Novartis resulting in the promissory note and accrued interest in the amount of $ 300 becoming immediately due and payable. Accordingly, $ 1.3 million has been recorded as a current liability as of December 31, 2023. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $ 217 and $ 104 , respectively, to interest expense and increased the convertible promissory note liability by the same amount. The roll forward of the Promissory Note as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Convertible promissory note $ 1,083 $ 1,000 Less debt discount, opening ( 232 ) ( 215 ) Plus, accretion of debt discount, interest expense 51 53 Convertible promissory note, net of discount 889 838 Interest accretion, opening 245 194 Interest accrual, expense 166 51 Convertible promissory note – net, ending balance $ 1,300 $ 1,083 F- 19 7. Secured Promissory Notes On November 22, 2022, the Company entered into a Secured Note Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with 3i, LP (“Holder”, or “3i”), whereby the Company authorized the sale and issuance of three Secured Promissory Notes (each a “Note” and collectively, the “Notes”). Effective November 28, 2022, the Company issued: (1) a Note in the principal amount of $ 1,667 as payment of $ 1,667 due to 3i, LP in Alternative Conversion Floor Amounts that began to accrue on July 14, 2022; and (2) a Note in the principal amount of $ 350 in exchange for cash. Effective December 30, 2022, the Company issued an additional Note in the principal amount of $ 650 in exchange for cash. Each Note matures on January 1, 2024 , carries an interest rate of 5 % per annum, and is secured by all of the Company’s assets pursuant to a security agreement (the “Security Agreement”). In addition, the Holder may exchange the Notes for the Company’s common stock at an exchange price equal to the lowest price per share of the equity security sold to other purchasers, rounded down to the nearest whole share, if the Company concludes a future equity financing prior to the maturity date or other repayment of such promissory note. Lastly, each Note and interest earned thereon may be redeemed by the Company at its option at any time or the holder may demand redemption if a) the Company obtains gross proceeds of at least $ 5 million in a financing in an amount of up to 35 % of the gross proceeds of the financing or b) there is an Event of Default (as defined in the Note agreement). On April 19, 2023, 3i, provided the Company with a loan for $ 350 , which was evidenced by a Secured Promissory Note dated April 19, 2023 (the “April Note”). On April 20, 2023, the Company entered into a Cancellation of Debt Agreement with 3i, which became effective as of the April Offering Closing. Upon the closing, pursuant to the terms of the Cancellation of Debt Agreement, all of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness under the Notes (as defined therein) and the Alternative Conversion Amount (as defined therein) due by the Company to 3i were paid in full. Accordingly, any and all obligations in connection therewith were extinguished without any additional further action on the part of 3i upon payment of $ 3,348 in cash from a portion of the proceeds from the April Offering. On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into a Secured Note Purchase Agreement with 3i, (the “June 2023 Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which, on June 30, 2023, 3i purchased a secured promissory note for a principal amount of $ 350 (the “June Note”). Such note matured on July 31, 2023, and carried an interest rate of 5 % per annum, and is secured by all of the Company’s assets pursuant to that certain security agreement dated June 29, 2023 (the “Security Agreement”). As contemplated by the June 2023 Purchase Agreement, the Company filed the Second Certificate of Amendment with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 30, 2023. From the proceeds of the July Offering, on July 10, 2023, the Company redeemed the June Note for $ 351 in cash. The roll forward of, the April Note and the June Note as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Secured promissory notes $ 2,644 $ 2,667 Less debt discount, opening — ( 35 ) Plus, accretion of debt discount, interest expense — 2 Carrying value of the Notes 2,644 2,634 Interest accretion, opening 10 — Interest accrual, expense 33 10 $ 2,687 $ 2,644 Less: repayment April 10, 2023 ( 2,687 ) — Plus: June 2023 Promissory Note proceeds and interest 351 — Less: July 10, 2023 repayment ( 351 ) — Secured promissory note, ending balance $ — $ 2,644 F- 20 8. Preferred Stock A. Series A Preferred Stock and Common Stock Purchase Warrants (a) Amendments to Series A Preferred Stock On November 22, 2022, the Company amended Section 12 of the Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) to provide for voting rights. Subject to a 9.99 % beneficial ownership limitation, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall have the right to vote on all matters presented to the stockholders for approval together with the shares of common stock, voting together as a single class, on an “as converted” basis using the “Conversion Price” (initially $ 9.906 per share before any adjustment) (rounded down to the nearest whole number and using the record date for determining the stockholders of the Company eligible to vote on such matters), except as required by law (including without limitation, the DGCL) or as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or the Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The voting rights described above expired on February 28, 2023, and thereafter holders of preferred stock shall not have voting rights except as required by law. On December 9, 2022, the Company and 3i entered into a letter agreement which provided that pursuant to Section 8(g) of the Certificate of Designations for the Series A Preferred Stock, the parties agreed that the Conversion Price was modified to mean the lower of: (i) the Closing Sale Price on the trading date immediately preceding the Conversion Date and (ii) the average Closing Sale Price of the common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Conversion Date, for the Trading Days through and inclusive of January 19, 2023. Any conversion which occurs shall be voluntary at the election of the Holder, which shall evidence its election as to the Series A being converted in writing on a conversion notice setting forth the then Minimum Price. Management determined that the adjustment made to the Conversion Price is not a modification of the COD which allows for adjustments to the Conversion Price at any time by the Company and the other terms of the Certificate of Designations remained unchanged. On January 23, 2023, we and 3i amended the letter agreement entered into on December 8, 2022, to provide that the modification of the term Series A Preferred Stock Conversion Price (“Series A Preferred Stock Conversion Price”) to mean the lower of: (i) the Closing Sale Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock (“Series A Certificate of Designations”)) on the trading date immediately preceding the Conversion Date (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations and (ii) the average Closing Sale Price of the common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Conversion Date, for the Trading Days (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations) will be in effect until terminated by us and 3i. On April 20, 2023, the Company entered into a certain Modification and Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with 3i pursuant to which the parties agreed to, among other things, subject to the April Offering Closing, (i) amend the Certificate of Designations for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Amended COD”), which among other things, eliminates the Series A Preferred Stock redemption right and dividend (except for certain exceptions as specified in the Amended COD), and provides for the conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock at a conversion price of $ 0.75 which is equal to the price for a share of Common Stock sold in the April Offering, (ii) exchange 50,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Shares”) beneficially owned by 3i for 5,577 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Exchange Shares”), (iii) exchange a warrant to purchase common stock issued on December 20, 2021 to 3i (the “Original Warrant”) for a new warrant (the “Exchange Warrant”), which reflects an exercise price of $ 30.00 (the “New Exercise Price”) and represents a right to acquire 315,085 shares of Common Stock (the “New Warrant Shares”). In addition to the satisfaction or waiver of customary and additional closing conditions set forth in the Exchange Agreement, the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement were subject to (a) the occurrence of the closing of the Offering and (b) the filing of the Amended COD with the Delaware Secretary of State. On April 21, 2023, the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement occurred and the Exchange Warrant and the Exchange Shares were issued to 3i, and the Original Warrant and the Series C Shares were cancelled. In addition, on April 21, 2023, the Amended COD was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. F- 21 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) On April 20, 2023, the Company also entered into a Cancellation of Debt Agreement as described in Note 7. Pursuant to such agreement, 1,550 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the “Redemption Shares”) beneficially owned by 3i were redeemed in full for a purchase price of $ 1,652 , which redemption price was paid in cash from the portion of the proceeds from the April Offering. The Company also entered into the First Amendment to the Registration Rights Agreement dated May 20, 2023 (the “RRA”), which became effective upon the April Offering Closing, to amend certain defined terms under the RRA to include the Exchange Shares, the New Warrant Shares and the Note Conversion Shares. On April 21, 2023, in connection with the transactions contemplated under the Exchange Agreement, the Company filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Amended and Restated Series A COD”) with the Delaware Secretary of State. The Amended and Restated Series A COD eliminates the Series A Preferred Stock redemption right and dividend (except for certain exceptions as specified therein) and provides for the conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock at a conversion price equal to the price for a share of Common Stock sold in the April Offering, $ 30.00 per share, and based on a stated value of $ 1,080 per share. As a result of the Amended and Restated Series A COD, the Company determined that the Series A Preferred Stock met the definition of equity and reclassified it from mezzanine equity. On May 30, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations for the Series A Preferred Stock with the Delaware Secretary of State (the “Amended COD”) to amend the voting rights of the Series A Preferred Stock which among other things provided additional voting rights to the Series A Preferred Stock. Under the Amended COD, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have the following voting rights: (1) holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have a right to vote on all matters presented at the Special Meeting together with the Common Stock as a single class on an “as converted” basis using the conversion price of $ 30.00 and based on stated value of $ 1,080 subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99 %, and (2), in addition, holders of Series A Preferred Stock have granted the Board the right to vote, solely for the purpose of satisfying quorum and casting the votes necessary to adopt a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”) and to adjourn any meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of voting on reverse stock split (the “Adjournment Proposal”) under Delaware law, that will “mirror” the votes cast by the holders of shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, with respect to the Reverse Stock Split Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal. The number of votes per each share of Series A Preferred Stock that may be voted by the Board shall be equal to the quotient of (x) the sum of (1) the original aggregated stated value of the Series A Preferred Stock when originally issued on December 20, 2021 (calculated based on the original stated value of $ 1,000 of the Series A Preferred Stock multiplied by 20,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock) and (2) $ 1,200 , which represents the purchase price of the Series C Preferred Stock when originally issued; divided by (y) the conversion price of $ 30.00 . If the Board decides to cast the vote, it must vote all votes created by the Amended COD in the same manner and proportion as votes cast by the holders of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock, voting as single class. The Series A Preferred Stock voting rights granted to the holders thereof relating to the Reverse Stock Split Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal 2 expired automatically on July 31, 2023. In addition, among other things, the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, the effectuation of the June Reverse Stock Split, and the amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, are subject to the consent by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Such consent was received on June 27, 2023. The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to an amount per Series A Preferred Stock equal to the sum of (i) the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Warrants, which was sold concurrent with the Series A Preferred Stock) with respect to the outstanding portion of all Warrants held by such holder (without regard to any limitations on the exercise thereof) as of the date of such event and (ii) the greater of (A) 125 % of the Conversion Amount of such Series A Preferred Stock on the date of such payment and (B) the amount per share such holder would receive if such holder converted such Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock immediately prior to the date of such payment, and will be entitled to convert into shares of Common Stock at an initial fixed conversion price of $ 30.00 per share, subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 9.99 %. F- 22 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) If certain defined “triggering events” defined in the Series A COD, as amended and restated and further amended, occur, or our failure to convert the Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock when a conversion right is exercised, failure to issue our Common Stock when the Exchange Warrant is exercised, failure to declare and pay to any holder any dividend on any dividend date, then we may be required to pay a dividend on the stated value on the Series A Preferred Stock in the amount of 18 % per annum, but paid quarterly in cash, so long as the triggering event is continuing. On June 6, 2023, 3i and the Company entered into a separate limited waiver and amendment agreement whereby 3i (“3i Waiver Agreement”) agreed to waive certain rights granted under a Series A Preferred Stock securities purchase agreement dated December 20, 2021, the Exchange Agreement, and the securities purchase agreement related to the April Offering in exchange for, among other things, amending the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock to equal the public offering price of the shares of Common Stock in the July Offering. Upon the consummation of the July Offering, the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock was reduced to $ 4.50 . On July 10, 2023, the Company filed a Third Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock (“Third Amendment”) to effect the change to conversion price. In connection with the September 2023 Inducement Letter and the transactions contemplated therein, the Company and 3i, LP entered into a limited waiver agreement (the “Waiver”) pursuant to which 3i, LP agreed to allow the filing of the Resale Registration Statement not otherwise permitted under certain agreements with 3i, LP. In consideration of entering in the Waiver, the Company agreed to amend the “Conversion Price” of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to equal $ 1.00 as soon as practicable. On September 22, 2023, the Company filed the Fourth Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Fourth Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to reflect the new conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock of $ 1.00 . Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Series A Preferred Stock conversion price was reduced (see Note 18(c)). (b) Series A Preferred Stock Triggering Event As more specifically discussed below, a “Triggering Event” under the COD occurred on April 29, 2022, under Section 5(a)(ii) of the COD, which would have resulted in the following unless 3i, agreed to forebear and/or waive its rights under the COD: 1. An 18 % per annum dividend will start to accrue on the stated value of all outstanding Preferred Shares and will continue to accrue until the Triggering Event has been cured. The accrued dividend is added to the stated value prior to the Dividend Payment Date and paid in cash on the first trading day of the Company’s next fiscal quarter. A “Late Charge” in the amount of 18 % per annum will accrue on any amounts due to be paid to holders of the Preferred Shares if not paid when due, including payments that may be owed under Section (e) of the Registration Rights Agreement (“RRA”). 2. A “Triggering Event Redemption Right” will commence and remain open for a period of 20 trading days from the later of the date either the Triggering Event is cured or the receipt by 3i of the Triggering Event Notice. Under the Triggering Event Redemption Right, if elected by the holder of the Preferred Shares, the Company would be obligated to redeem all or a portion of the Preferred Shares for a minimum of 125 % of the stated value of the Preferred Shares. Concurrently, under the provisions of the PIPE Warrant, if elected by 3i, the Company would be obligated to redeem the PIPE Warrant for the Black Sholes Triggering Event Value as defined in the warrant agreement. 3. A “Registration Delay Payment” will accrue on April 22, 2022 (the expiration of the Allowable Grace Period under the RRA) in the amount of 2 % of 3i’s “Purchase Price” as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement which is approximately 2 % of $ 20 million, or $ 400 and will continue to accrue at 2 % every 30 days thereafter. Additionally, a late charge of 2 % per month will accrue on any payments that are not paid when due. The Registration Delay Payments will stop accruing when the post-effective amendment is declared effective by the SEC at which time the registration statement and its prospectus will again be available for the resale of common stock. F- 23 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) As a result of the Company’s delay in filing its periodic reports with the SEC in 2022, a “triggering event” under Section 5(a)(ii) of the Original Series A COD, occurred on or about April 29, 2022, and because of the delay the Company was obligated to pay (i) registration delay payments under the RRA, (ii) additional amounts under the Original Series A COD, and (iii) legal fees incurred in the preparation of the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver to 3i in an aggregate amount of $ 539 which was paid pursuant to that certain Forbearance Agreement and Waiver with 3i. On May 4, 2022, the Company and 3i entered into a Forbearance Agreement and Waiver, dated April 27, 2022, wherein 3i confirmed that no Triggering Event as defined under the COD has occurred prior to April 27, 2022, that a Triggering Event under Section 5(a)(ii) will and has occurred on April 29, 2022, and that in consideration for the Registration Delay Payments the Company is obligated to pay under the RRA, and additional amounts the Company is obligated to pay under the COD and 3i’s legal fees incurred in the preparation of the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver in the aggregate of $ 539 paid upon execution of the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver, and so long as the Company pays the Registration Delay Payments that become due and payable under the RRA after the execution of the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver, 3i has agreed to forbear exercising any rights or remedies that it may have under the COD that arises as a result of a Triggering Event under Section 5(a)(ii) of the COD and Section 4(c)(ii) of the PIPE Warrant until the earlier to occur of (i) the date immediately prior to the date of occurrence of a Bankruptcy Triggering Event, (ii) the date of occurrence of any other Triggering Event under Section 5(a) of the COD (excluding any Triggering Event arising solely as a result of Section 5(a)(ii) of the COD and Section 4(c)(ii) of the PIPE Warrant), (iii) the time of any breach by the Company under the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver, (iv) the Resale Availability Date as defined therein and (v) June 4, 2022 (such period, the “Forbearance Period”). Provided that the Company is not in breach of its obligations under Forbearance Agreement and Waiver, effective as of the Trading Day immediately following the date the Company cures the Triggering Event under Section 5(a)(ii) of the COD, 3i agrees to waive any rights or remedies that it may have under the COD that arises as a result of a Triggering Event under Section 5(a) of the COD and Section 4(c)(ii) of the PIPE Warrant that may have arisen prior to the date of the Forbearance Agreement and Waiver. (c) 3i Warrants Effective April 21, 2023, pursuant to the terms of an Exchange Agreement, the PIPE Warrant was exchanged for an Exchange Warrant representing a right to acquire 315,085 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at $ 30.00 per share. The number of shares exercisable under the Exchange Warrant and the exercise price was subsequently adjusted in July 2023 to the right to acquire 9,452,667 shares of Common Stock, exercisable at $ 1.00 per share. Effective July 10, 2023, upon the closing of the July Offering, the number of shares exercisable under the Exchange Warrant and the exercise price was adjusted to 2,100,565 shares of Common Stock and $ 4.50 per share, respectively. Subsequently on July 26, 2023, pursuant to Section 2(e) of the Exchange Warrant, due to the event market price on the 16th day after the June Reverse Stock Split being less than the exercise price of the Exchange Warrant then in effect, the number of shares exercisable under such Warrant and the exercise price was further adjusted to 3,134,693 shares and $ 3.0155 per share, respectively. Effective September 14, 2023, the date of the September Induced Warrant offering, the number of shares exercisable under the Exchange Warrant and the exercise price was adjusted to 9,452,667 shares of Common Stock and $ 1.00 per share, respectively. On December 5, 2023, 3i exercised 5,045,466 Exchange Warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for 500,000 common shares. As of December 31, 2023, there were 4,407,201 Exchange Warrants, exercisable at $ 1.00 , outstanding. After December 31, 2023, the exercise price of the Exchange Warrants was reduced (see Note 18(c)). (d) Accounting i. Series A Preferred Stock The Company evaluated the Series A Preferred Stock under ASC 480-10 to determine whether it represents an obligation that would require the Company to classify the instrument as a liability and determined that the Series A Preferred Stock is not a liability pursuant to ASC 480-10. Management then evaluated the instrument pursuant to ASC 815 and determined that because the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may be entitled to receive cash, the Series A Preferred stock should be recorded as mezzanine equity given the cash redemption right that is within the holder’s control. F- 24 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) Generally, preferred stock that are currently redeemable should be adjusted to their redemption amount at each balance sheet date. If it is probable that the equity instrument will become redeemable, the Company has the option to either accrete changes in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance (or from the date that it becomes probable that the instrument will become redeemable, if later) to the earliest redemption date of the instrument or to recognize changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying amount of the instrument to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value when redemption becomes probable to occur. Through December 9, 2022, the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 was not met because a settlement contingency was not indexed to the Company’s stock. Therefore, the redemption feature (derivative liability) was bifurcated from the Series A Preferred Stock and recorded as a derivative liability. The fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock Redemption Feature (the “Redemption Feature”) derivative is the difference between the fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock with the Redemption Feature and the Series A Preferred Stock without the Redemption Feature. The Series A Preferred Stock Redemption Feature has been valued with a Monte Carlo Simulation model, using the inputs as described in Note 9(b). Subsequent to December 9, 2022, because of the agreed conversion price adjustment, although bifurcation of the conversion feature is still required, the value of the derivative has been determined to be immaterial since the conversion price will always be at market. Additionally, because the Series A redemption terms were amended to be entirely within the Company’s control, they have now been classified as permanent equity. Management has fair valued the Series A Preferred Stock prior to and after its modification and because the change in fair value was greater than 10 %, has made a policy election to treat the amendment as an extinguishment. Accordingly, the difference in fair value has been recorded as a deemed dividend and reduction in additional paid in capital. Deemed Dividends In the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company, has recorded $ 8,392 in deemed dividends resulting from using the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value the Company’s Series A Preferred shares as follows: i. $ 3,328 on the elimination of Series A redemption rights as of April 21, 2023, ii. $ 3,959 on the Exchange of 50,000 Series C Preferred Stock for 5,577 Series A Preferred Stock; iii. $ 206 on the July 10, 2023, modification of Series A Preferred Stock; iv. $ 526 on the redemption of Series A Preferred Stock; and v. $ 373 on the September 14, 2023 modification of Series A Preferred Stock. As of the dates noted below, the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair values using the following inputs: Series A Preferred Shares September 14, 2023 Series A Preferred Shares July 10, 2023 Number of shares valued 1,417 6,047 Stock Price $ 1.00 $ 3.40 Exercise price pre-modification $ 4.50 $ 8.00 Exercise price post-modification $ 1.00 $ 4.50 Risk fee rate 5.37 % 5.28 % Dividend 0 % 0 % Volatility 119 % 140 % F- 25 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair values using the following inputs: Original Series A Preferred Shares Debt Settled for Series A Preferred Shares Series C Preferred Shares Exchanged for Series A Preferred Shares Number of shares valued 4,239 5,577 486 Stock Price at April 21, 2023 post 40 to 1 split $ 20.40 $ 20.40 $ 20.40 Exercise price $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 30.00 Risk fee rate 5.1 % 5.1 % 5.1 % Dividend 0 % 0 % 0 % Expected liquidity event September 15, 2023 September 15, 2023 September 15, 2023 Volatility 156 % 156 % 156 % ii. 3i Warrants The 3i Warrants were identified as a freestanding financial instrument and meet the criteria for derivative liability classification, initially measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized through earnings for as long as the contracts continue to be classified as a liability. The measurement of fair value is determined utilizing an appropriate valuation model considering all relevant assumptions current at the date of issuance and at each reporting period (i.e., share price, exercise price, term, volatility, risk-free rate and expected dividend rate). (f) Series A Preferred Stock Conversions i. Year ended December 31, 2023 During the year ended December 31, 2023, 3i exercised its option to convert 12,052 shares of Series A Preferred stock for 241,893 shares of common stock at the fair value of $ 3,899 . From the proceeds of the July Offering, on July 10, 2023, the Company redeemed (i) 4,630 shares of Series A Preferred Stock held by 3i, for $ 5,000 , and (ii) the 3i June Promissory Note (as defined below) for $ 351 in cash. As a result of the payment, the 3i June Promissory Note was paid in full on July 10, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 1,417 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. (See Note 18(b).) ii. Year ended December 31, 2022 During the year ended December 31, 2022, 3i exercised its option to convert 6,214 shares of Series A Preferred stock for 5,573 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2022, we had 13,586 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. The fair value of the derivative liability associated with the Series A Preferred Stock converted during the year ended December 31, 2022, as determined by Monte Carlo simulations, was $ 954 . Because the latest nine conversions in the period January 1, 2022, through December 9, 2022, were completed at less than the agreed floor price, we recorded a floor price liability and recognized a corresponding reduction of additional paid in capital, as follows: i. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, $ 1,511 (paid in cash prior to June 30, 2022); ii. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, $ 1,646 (see Note 9(b)); iii. On December 9, 2022, we issued 86 shares of Common Stock to the Investor upon the conversion of 222 Conversion Shares and recorded a floor price liability of $ 264 . F- 26 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) Additionally, because the Company’s average daily dollar volume of stock trading was less than $ 2.5 million during a ten-day period in January 2022, the Company has recorded a one-time deemed dividend of 8 % in the amount of $ 1,572 on preferred stock converted between February 1, 2022 and March 31, 2022 and the balance of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as at March 31, 2022 as an increase to the value of the Series A Preferred Stock and a reduction of additional paid in capital. In addition, under the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement (“RRA”), during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company has also paid 3i an additional $ 800 in Registration Delay Payments. The accounting for the Series A Preferred Stock and 3i Exchange Warrants is illustrated in the table below: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statement of Operations & Comprehensive Loss 3i Exchange Warrant liability Series A Convertible Preferred Stock – Mezzanine Equity Series A Preferred Stock Additional paid-in capital Fair value adjustment to derivative and warrant liabilities Balances at December 31, 2022 $ 374 $ 2,001 $ — $ ( 3,756 ) $ — Conversion of 9,247 Series A Preferred Stock, net — ( 1,377 ) ( 2,522 ) 3,909 — Elimination of redemption rights on Series A Preferred stock; deemed dividend of $ 3,328 — ( 624 ) 3,952 ( 3,328 ) — Redemption of 6,180 Series A Preferred Stock, deemed dividend of $ 526 — — ( 5,919 ) ( 526 ) — Issuance of 486 Series A Preferred stock as repayment of $ 350 debt; $ 103 charged to interest expense — — 453 — — Exchange of 50,000 Series C Preferred Stock for 5,577 Series A Preferred Stock; deemed dividend of $ 3,959 — — 5,199 ( 3,959 ) — Deemed dividend on July 10, 2023 modification — — 206 ( 206 ) — Deemed dividend on September 14, 2023 modification — — 373 ( 373 ) — Cashless redemption of 5,045,446 Exchange Warrants for 500,000 common shares ( 1,031 ) — — 1,031 — Fair value adjustment 1,477 — — — ( 1,477 ) Balances, December 31, 2023 $ 820 $ — $ 1,742 $ ( 7,208 ) $ ( 1,477 ) F- 27 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) The accounting for the Series A Preferred Stock and 3i Exchange Warrants is illustrated in the table below: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statement of Operations & Comprehensive Loss 3i Exchange Warrant liability Series A Convertible Preferred Stock – Mezzanine Equity Series A Preferred Stock Additional paid-in capital Fair value adjustment to derivative and warrant liabilities Balances at December 31, 2021 $ 11,273 $ 7,181 $ 632 $ 80 $ — Conversion of 6,214 shares of Series A Preferred stock into common stock — — ( 203 ) 203 — Reclassification of derivative liability relating to converted Series A Preferred Stock — ( 954 ) — 954 — Floor price adjustment on conversion of shares of Series A Preferred Stock — — — ( 3,421 ) — 8 % deemed dividend on Preferred Stock — — 1,572 ( 1,572 ) — Fair value adjustment ( 10,899 ) ( 6,227 ) — — 17,125 Balances, December 31, 2022 $ 374 $ — $ 2,001 $ ( 3,756 ) $ 17,125 * Valuation of the Series A Preferred Derivative Liability is discussed in Note 9(b). B. Series C Convertible Preferred Stock On February 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with 3i, L.P. for the purchase and sale of 50,000 shares of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $ 24.00 per share, for a subscription receivable in the aggregate amount equal to the total purchase price of $ 1.2 million (the “Offering”). The 50,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Shares”) are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to the terms of the COD. The conversion price for the Series C Preferred Stock is initially equal the lower of: (i) $ 0.182 ($ 6.37 post reverse stock split), which is the official closing price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) on the Trading Day (as defined in the COD) immediately preceding the Original Issuance Date (as defined in the COD); and (ii) the lower of: (x) the official closing price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Conversion Date or such other date of determination; and (y) the average of the official closing prices of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five Trading Days immediately preceding the Conversion Date (as defined in the COD) or such other date of determination, subject to adjustment (the “Conversion Price”). In no event will the Conversion Price be less than $ 0.0370 ($ 1.295 post reverse stock split) (the “Floor Price”). F- 28 8. Preferred Stock (cont.) In the event that the Conversion Price on a Conversion Date would have been less than the applicable Floor Price if not for the immediately preceding sentence, then on any such Conversion Date the Company will pay the Holder an amount in cash, to be delivered by wire transfer out of funds legally and immediately available therefor pursuant to wire instructions delivered to the Company by the Holder in writing, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (A) the higher of (I) the highest price that the Common Stock trades at on the Trading Day immediately preceding such Conversion Date and (II) the applicable Conversion Price and (B) the difference obtained by subtracting (I) the number of shares of Common Stock delivered (or to be delivered) to the Holder on the applicable Share Delivery Date with respect to such conversion of Series C Preferred Stock from (II) the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the applicable Conversion Amount that the Holder has elected to be the subject of the applicable conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, by (y) the applicable Conversion Price without giving effect to clause (x) of such definition. The Offering closed on February 28, 2023. In connection with the Offering, concurrently with the SPA, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with 3i (the “RRA”) pursuant to which the Company is required to file a registration statement with the SEC to register for resale the shares of Common Stock that are issued upon the potential conversion of the Shares. Under the terms of the RRA, if the Company fails to file an Initial Registration Statement (as defined in the RRA) on or prior to its Filing Date (as defined in the RRA), or fail to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement beyond defined allowable grace periods set forth in the RRA, we will incur certain registration delay payments, in cash and as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to 2.0 % of 3i’s subscription amount of the Shares pursuant to the SPA. In addition, if we fail to pay any partial liquidated damages in full within seven days after the date payment, we will have to pay interest at a rate of 18.0 % per annum, accruing daily from the date such partial liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid in full. The Company has also agreed to pay all fees and expenses incident to the performance of the RRA, except for any broker or similar commissions. In connection with the Offering, the Company and 3i entered into a limited waiver agreement (the “Waiver”) pursuant to which 3i confirmed that the sale and issuance of the Shares will not give rise to any, or trigger any, rights of termination, defaults, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation under agreements with 3i. The Company has evaluated the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock as required pursuant to ASC 570, 480, 815 and ASU 2020-06, and concluded the Series C Preferred Stock will be recorded at fair value of $ 1,200 , net of share issuance costs of $ 40 , and accreted dividends at 5 % to redemption value of $ 1,446 on April 21, 2023, using the effective interest method. Effective April 21, 2023, all of the 50,000 shares of Series C Preferred stock were exchanged for 5,577 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at an agreed value of $ 1,652 . The Company has treated the exchange of Series C Preferred Stock for Series A Preferred Stock as an extinguishment as there has been a fundamental change in the nature of the instrument and has applied the derecognition accounting model in ASC 260-10-S99-2. Accordingly, the Company has recognized the difference between (1) the fair value of the consideration transferred to the holders of the preferred shares of $ 5,200 , and (2) the carrying amount of the preferred shares (net of issuance costs), of $ 1,240 as a deemed dividend of $ 3,959 that is deducted from additional paid in capital and subtracted from net income to arrive at income available to common stockholders in the calculation of loss per common share. The roll forward of the Series C Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2023, is as follows: December 31, 2023 Opening balance at January 1, 2023 $ — Series C Preferred Stock, cash received 1,200 Less debt discount, opening ( 40 ) Plus, 5 % dividend and accretion 286 1,446 Exchange of Series C Preferred stock for Series A Preferred stock ( 1,446 ) Series C Preferred Stock – net, ending balance $ — F- 29 9. Derivative Liabilities (a) Continuity of Warrant Derivative Liabilities The derivative liabilities are measured at fair value at each reporting period and the reconciliation of changes in fair value in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, is presented in the following tables: Common Share Purchase Warrants 3i Exchange Warrants 3i Fund Series A Redemption Feature Issued December 20, 2021 Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ — $ 11,273 $ 7,181 Change in fair value — ( 10,899 ) ( 6,227 ) Amount transferred to Equity — — ( 954 ) Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ 374 $ — Fair value per 3i Warrant / Series A Preferred share issuable at period end $ — $ 6.48 $ — Balance as of January 1, 2023 $ — $ 374 $ — Issuance date fair value of April, July & September 2023 Common share purchase warrants 15,161 — — Modifications to fair value upon exercise 592 — — Fair value adjustments ( 11,911 ) 1,477 — Amount transferred to Equity ( 1,579 ) ( 1,031 ) — Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 2,263 $ 820 $ — Fair value per Common warrant / 3i Warrant / Series A Preferred share issuable at period end $ 0.44 $ 0.19 $ — (b) Series A Preferred Stock Conversion Feature – Valuation Inputs The following inputs were used for the Series A Preferred Stock conversions recorded in the year ended December 31, 2022, and the fair value of the Series A Preferred derivative liability determined at September 30, 2022: January 1, 2022 – September 30, 2022* Initial exercise price $ 9.05 - $ 9.91 Stock price on valuation date $ 1.10 - $ 10.75 Risk-free rate 1.03 % - 4.23 % Time to exercise (years) 2.22 - 2.96 Equity volatility 70 % - 114 % Probability of volume failure 93 % - 99 % Rounded 10-day average daily volume (in 1,000’s) $ 297 - $ 873 * The agreed conversion price adjustment (see Note 8(d) i.) resulted in the Series A Preferred liability value derivative being valued at zero at December 9, 2022. Consequently, there were no conversions subsequent to September 30, 2022, which impacted the Series A derivative liability. (c) 3i Warrants – Valuation Inputs On December 5, 2023, 3i converted 5,045,446 Exchange Warrants on a cashless basis for 500,000 shares of our Common Stock. Therefore, we utilized the reset strike options Type 2 model by Espen Garder Haug and Black-Scholes Merton models to estimate the fair value of the outstanding 9,452,667 Exchange Warrants immediately before 3i’s conversion to be approximately $ 1,931 as of December 5, 2023. Accordingly, we recorded a $ 2,015 reduction in the fair value of the 9,452,667 Exchange Warrants as a credit to change in fair value of warrants in our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss and $ 1,031 , being the fair value of the 5,045,446 converted Exchange Warrants, was recorded as a credit to additional paid in capital. F- 30 9. Derivative Liabilities (cont.) On December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company utilized the reset strike options Type 2 model by Espen Garder Haug and Black-Scholes Merton models to estimate the fair value of the 3i Exchange Warrants to be approximately $ 820 and $ 374 , respectively. The 3i Exchange Warrants were valued at December 31, 2023, December 5, 2023, and December 31, 2022, using the following inputs: December 31, 2023 December 5, 2023 December 31, 2022 Exercise price $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 9.91 Stock price on valuation date $ 0.55 $ 0.58 $ 0.29 Risk-free rate 4.71 % 4.92 % 4.33 % Expected life of the Warrant to convert (years) 0.97 1.04 1.97 Rounded annual volatility 127 % 123 % 131 % Timing of liquidity event Q1 - 2024 March 31, 2024 March 15, 2023 Expected probability of event 10 % 10 % 100 % 10. Stockholders’ Equity (a) Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation and Reverse Stock Splits On March 20, 2023, an amendment to Allarity Therapeutics, Inc.’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), to increase the number of authorized shares from 30,500,000 to 750,500,000 , and to increase the number of shares of common stock (the “Common Stock”) from 30,000,000 to 750,000,000 (the “Share Increase”) was approved by the stockholders of record entitled to vote in person or by proxy at the Special Meeting of Stockholders on March 20, 2023 (the “2023 Special Meeting”). Upon receipt of the required stockholder approval, on March 20, 2023, Allarity Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”), filed a Third Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Secretary of State”) to effect the Share Increase. On March 23, 2023, the Company filed a Third Certificate of to the Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State to effect a 1-for-35 share consolidation of our common stock on March 24, 2023 (“March Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares were issued in connection with the March Reverse Stock Split. If, as a result of the March Reverse Stock Split, a stockholder would otherwise have been entitled to a fractional share, each fractional share was rounded up to the next whole number. The March Reverse Stock Split resulted in a reduction of our outstanding shares of common stock from 34,294,582 to 979,846 . As a result of the filing of the Certificate of Amendment, the Company is authorized to issue 750,500,000 shares, consisting of (i) 750,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share, and (ii) 500,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $ 0.0001 per share. On June 23, 2023, we held a Special Meeting of Stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) for our stockholders of record of our outstanding shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock. At the Special Meeting, the stockholders of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation, to, at the discretion of the board, effect a reverse stock split with respect to our issued and outstanding Common Stock at a ratio between 1-for-15 and 1-for-50 (the “June Reverse Stock Split Proposal”). Upon stockholder approval, the Board of Directors determined a ratio of 1-for-40 for the reverse stock split (the “June Reverse Stock Split”). On June 28, 2023, the Company filed a Fourth Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation to effect the June Reverse Stock Split on June 28 2023 (the “June Share Consolidation”). No fractional shares were issued in connection with the June Share Consolidation. If, as a result of the June Share Consolidation, a stockholder would otherwise have been entitled to a fractional share, each fractional share was rounded up to the next whole number. The June Share Consolidation resulted in a reduction of our outstanding shares of Common Stock from 20,142,633 to approximately 503,566 . The par value of our authorized stock remained unchanged at $ 0.0001 . As of the date of these financial statements all references to our common stock have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect both the March Share Consolidation and the June Share Consolidation (the “Share Consolidations”), unless otherwise noted. F- 31 10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.) (b) Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock Upon conclusion of the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on February 3, 2023, all the 190,786 shares of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding were automatically redeemed, with the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock only having a right to receive the purchase price for the redemption, which was $ 0.01 per share of Series B Preferred Stock. (c) Series C Preferred Stock On February 24, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series C COD”) with the Delaware Secretary of State designating 50,000 shares of its authorized and unissued preferred stock as Series C Preferred Stock with a stated value of $ 27.00 per share. On February 28, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Series C COD (the “COD Amendment”) to clarify the terms of conversion price and floor price based on definitions provided in the Series C COD (the COD Amendment, together with the Series C COD, the “COD”). Each share of Series C Preferred Stock has 620 votes and is subject to certain redemption rights and voting limitations. Pursuant to the terms of a Modification and Exchange Agreement dated April 20, 2023, by and between 3i and the Company, effective April 21, 2023, 3i exchanged 50,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Shares”) beneficially owned by 3i for 5,577 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. (d) Common Share, Pre-Funded Warrant and Common Share Purchase Warrant issuances In April 2023, the Company issued 71,734 shares of our Common Stock and 71,734 common stock purchase warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock, at a combined public offering price of $ 30.00 , and 178,267 pre-funded warrants, each exercisable for one share of Common Stock, and 178,267 common stock purchase warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock only (the common stock purchase warrants sold in the public offing hereinafter referred to as the “April 2023 Common Warrants”) at a combined public offering price of $ 30.00 less the $ 0.001 for the pre-funded warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $ 7.5 million, before deducting placement agents fees and offering expenses payable by the Company, or the April Offering. The Common Stock, pre-funded warrant and April 2023 Common Warrants were sold pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with the purchaser signatory thereto or pursuant to the prospectus which was part of an effective registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC. The Common Stock, pre-funded warrants and April 2023 Common Warrants are immediately separable and were issued separately in the offering. As of June 30, 2023, all pre-funded warrants from the April Offering were exercised in exchange for 178,267 common shares. In July 2023, the Company issued 357,223 shares of our Common Stock pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,087,222 shares of common stock (the “July Pre-Funded Warrants”), and common warrants to purchase up to 2,444,445 shares of Common Stock (the “2023 July Common Warrants”) at an effective combined purchase price of $ 4.50 per share and related common stock purchase warrants for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $ 11 million, before deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses payable by the Company of approximately $ 920 on July 10, 2023 (“July Offering”). The securities in the July Offering were registered pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-272469). The purchase price of each July Pre-Funded Warrant and 2023 July Common Warrant was equal to $ 4.50 less the $ 0.001 per share exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant. Such securities were sold pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with the purchaser signatory thereto or pursuant to the prospectus which was part of an effective registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC. As of September 30, 2023, all July Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised prior in exchange for 2,087,222 common shares. F- 32 10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.) In September 2023, the Company entered into an Inducement Letter dated September 14, 2023 (the “Inducement Letter”) with each of Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. and Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, Ltd. (“September Investors”) who were the holders of existing common stock purchase warrants issued (i) in the April Offering (the “April Warrants”) and (ii) in the July Offering (the “July Warrants” and together with the April Warrants, the “Existing Warrants”). Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the September Investors agreed to exercise for cash their respective Existing Warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 2,438,889 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Existing Warrant Shares”), at a reduced exercise price of $ 1.00 per share, in consideration for the Company’s agreement to issue a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 200 % of the number of Existing Warrant Shares issued, or the Inducement Warrants, pursuant to each Existing Warrant exercise (the “Inducement Warrant Shares”), exercisable for 5 years and six months from the issue date, at an exercise price of $ 1.00 , subject to adjustment. Upon execution of the Inducement Letter by each of the September Investors the Company issued the Inducement Warrants to the September Investors pursuant to a private placement (the “September Private Placement”). As of December 31, 2023, the Company received approximately $ 2,962 million, net of costs in exchange for the exercise of 2,438,889 Existing Warrants. (e) April 2023, July 2023 and September 2023 Common Warrants Subject to certain ownership limitations, the April 2023 Common Warrants are exercisable immediately from the date of issuance. The April 2023 Common Warrants have an exercise price of $ 34.00 per share and expire on the 5 year anniversary of the date of issuance, April 21, 2023, unless otherwise agreed upon by us and holder of the warrant. The exercise price of the April 2023 Common Warrants is subject to certain adjustments, including stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and reclassifications of the Company’s Common Stock. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the April 2023 Common Warrants, each of the holders of the April 2023 Common Warrants will have the right to exercise its April 2023 Common Warrant and receive the same amount and kind of securities, cash or property as such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such fundamental transaction if such holder had been, immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, the holder of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of its April 2023 Common Warrant. Additionally, in the event of a fundamental transaction within the Company’s control, as described in the April 2023 Common Warrants, each holder of the April 2023 Common Warrants will have the right to require the Company to repurchase the unexercised portion of its April 2023 Common Warrant at its fair value using a variant of the Black Scholes option pricing formula. In the event of a fundamental transaction that is not within the Company’s control, each holder of the April 2023 Common Warrants will have the right to require the Company or a successor entity to redeem the unexercised portion of its April 2023 Common Warrant for the same consideration paid to the holders of the Company’s Common Stock in the fundamental transaction at the unexercised April 2023 Common Warrant’s fair value using a variant of the Black Scholes option pricing formula. Pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with certain investors in the April Offering, we agreed that for a period of 90 days from the close of the April Offering, that we would not issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or securities convertible or exercisable into Common Stock or file a registration statement with the SEC to register our securities, subject to certain exceptions. The investors to the securities purchase agreement in the April Offering, excluding 3i, have agreed to waive that provision and permit the July offering of our Common Stock, pre-funded warrants and common warrants (“Offering Waiver”) in exchange for (i) the repricing of the exercise price of the April 2023 Common Warrant to the exercise price of the common warrant offered in the July Offering if the exercise price of the common warrant is lower than the then-current April 2023 Common Warrant exercise price; and (ii) extending the termination date of the April 2023 Common Warrant to the date of termination of the common warrants offered in the July Offering As a result of the July Offering, investors to the securities purchase agreement in the April Offering, excluding 3i, had the exercise price of their April 2023 Common Warrant reduced to $ 4.50 per share and the exercise period extended to on or around July 10, 2028. 3i and the Company entered into a separate limited waiver and amendment agreement, as discussed above. We used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the April Common Warrants as of July 10, 2023, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recorded the incremental value of $ 202 as a fair value modification cost in other income (expenses). F- 33 10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.) Management considered the September, July and April Common Warrants, which do not represent outstanding shares, and determined that they contain certain contingent redemption features, outside of the Company’s control and at the election of the Holder, which may require the Company to repurchase the September, July and April Common Warrants or Warrant Shares in exchange for cash (i.e., puttable) in an amount as defined in the Warrant Agreements. The Company concluded that the September, July, and April Common Warrants represent liabilities under ASC 480. Accordingly, the September, July and April Common Warrants have been initially recorded at their fair value of $ 4,189 , $ 6,824 , and $ 4,148 respectively using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and as a reduction of additional paid in capital. Additionally, the total July financing cost of $ 902 has been proportionately allocated to financing costs and additional paid in capital in the amounts of the amount of $ 571 and $ 349 , respectively; and the total April financing cost of $ 679 has been proportionately allocated to the finance expense and additional paid in capital in the amounts of $ 376 and $ 303 , respectively. The September financing cost of $ 198 has been allocated to a finance expense in general and administration costs. On September 14, 2023, the exercise prices of the July and April Common Warrants were reduced to $ 1.00 per share and the exercise period extended to on or about September 14, 2028. We used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the July and April Common Warrants as of September 14, 2023, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recorded the incremental value of $ 389 as a fair value modification cost in other income (expenses). On November 8, December 1, and December 5, 2023, a total of 373,000 , 266,000 and 1,373,534 July warrants were exercised, respectively, and we used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the July warrants at $ 143 , $ 124 , and $ 233 , respectively. On December 5, 2023, a total of 83,333 April warrants were exercised, and we used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the April warrants at $ 22 . As of December 31, 2023, we used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the outstanding September, July, and April Common share purchase warrants of 4,877,778 , 222,223 , and 33,333 , respectively, at $ 2,154 , $ 95 and $ 14 , respectively. Inputs used in the above noted Black-Scholes valuation models for the April, July and September Common Warrants are as follows: December 5, 2023 December 1, 2023 November 8, 2023 Initial exercise price $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 1.00 Stock price on valuation date $ 0.58 $ 0.59 $ 0.50 Risk-free rate 4.14 % 4.14 % 4.14 % Term of Warrant (in years) 4.60 4.61 4.67 Rounded annual volatility 123 % 122 % 122 % December 31, 2023 September 14, 2023 July 10, 2023 April 21, 2023 Initial exercise price $ 1.00 $ 1.00 - $ 4.50 $ 4.50 - $ 34.00 $ 34.00 Stock price on valuation date $ 0.55 $ 1.00 $ 3.40 $ 20.40 Risk-free rate 3.84 % 4.32 % - 4.35 % 4.16 % - 4.19 % 3.70 % Term of Warrant (in years) 4.53 - 5.20 4.82 4.78 - 5.00 5.00 Rounded annual volatility 125 % 127 % 122 % - 140 % 126 % F- 34 10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.) ii. Establishment of Series B Preferred Stock On November 22, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors established the Series B Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”). Following is a summary of the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock: a. The number of shares designated as Series B Preferred Stock is 200,000 ; b. The holders of Series B Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind; c. Each outstanding share of Series B Preferred Stock shall have 400 votes per share; The Series B Preferred Stock shall rank senior to the Common Stock, but junior to the Series A Preferred stock, as to any distribution of assets upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. All shares of Series B Preferred Stock that are not present in person or by proxy through the presence of such holder’s shares of Common Stock or Series A Preferred Stock, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of stockholders held to vote on the Reverse Stock Split, the Share Increase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal as of immediately prior to the opening of the polls at such meeting (the “Initial Redemption Time”) shall automatically be redeemed by the Company at the Initial Redemption Time without further action on the part of the Company or the holder thereof (the “Initial Redemption”); Any outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock that have not been redeemed pursuant to an Initial Redemption shall be redeemed in whole, but not in part, (i) if such redemption is ordered by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, automatically and effective on such time and date specified by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion or (ii) automatically upon the approval by the Company’s stockholders of the Reverse Stock Split and the Share Increase Proposal at any meeting of stockholders held for the purpose of voting on such proposals; and Each share of Series B Preferred Stock redeemed in any Redemption shall be redeemed in consideration for the right to receive an amount equal to $ 0.01 in cash for each one whole share of Series B Preferred Stock as of the applicable Redemption Time. iii. Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock Dividend Effective December 5, 2022, the Company issued a stock dividend to be distributed as follows to stockholders of record as of close of business on December 5, 2022: (i) 0.016 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of common stock; and (ii) 1.744 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock. Effective February 3, 2023, the Company redeemed 190,786 shares of Series B Preferred stock in exchange for $ 0.01 per share. iv. Share issuances During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 241,893 shares of common stock valued at $ 3,899 upon the conversion of 9,347 shares of Series A Preferred Stock; 250,000 shares of Common Stock as a result of its April Public Offering of 71,733 shares of common stock and the exercise of 178,267 pre-funded warrants, described above in exchange for $ 6,815 , net of costs; 2,444,445 shares of Common Stock, net of costs as a result of its July Public Offering of 357,223 shares of common stock and the exercise of 2,087,222 pre-funded warrants, described above in exchange for $ 10,080 ; 2,438,889 shares of Common Stock as a result of its September Inducement Letter, as described above in exchange for $ 2,962 , net of costs, and 500,000 common shares as a result of a cashless exercise of 5,045,446 3i Exchange Warrants. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 5,573 common shares valued at $ 1,156 gross and ($ 2,265 ) net of the $ 3,421 floor price adjustments upon the conversion of 6,214 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. F- 35 11. Share-based payments As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s total issued and outstanding common shares were 5,886,934 and 11,356 , respectively, with a par value of $ 0.0001 . The shares are fully paid in. The shares are not divided into classes, and no shares enjoy special rights. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan Our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan became effective on December 20, 2021. It was approved by shareholders in connection with the Recapitalization Share Exchange. Our 2021 Plan authorizes the award of stock options, Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”), Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”), Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), cash awards, performance awards and stock bonus awards. We initially reserved 1,211,374 shares of our common stock under the 2021 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2021 Plan will increase automatically on January 1 of each of 2022 through 2031 by the number of shares equal to the lesser of 5 % of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31, or a number as may be determined by our board of directors. During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the total charge to profit or loss amounted to $ 71 and $ 1,752 , respectively of which $ 47 and $ 1,156 , respectively, are recognized as general and administrative expenses and $ 24 and $ 596 , respectively, are recognized as research and development expenses. As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost relating to unvested options granted was $ 72 and is expected to be realized over a period of 1.75 years. The Company will issue shares upon exercise of options from shares reserved under our 2021 Plan. The table below summarizes the number of options that were outstanding, their weighted average exercise price and contractual term as of December 31, 2023, as well as the movements during the period. Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Contractual Term (in years) Balance on January 1, 2023 483 $ 9,174 4.14 Forfeited ( 101 ) 13,996 — Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 382 $ 7,876 3.16 Options exercisable at December 31, 2023 341 $ 5,320 3.18 A total of 101 options were forfeited and no options expired or were exercised in the year ended December 31, 2023. In the year ended December 31, 2022, 389 options were forfeited and none expired or were exercised. The intrinsic value of all stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $ 0 . The weighted average exercise price for options outstanding at the end of 2023 is $ 7,876 . The total fair value of options vested during the year ended December 31, 2023, was $ 845 . No options were granted in the year ended December 31, 2023. The weighted average grant date fair value per share of options granted in 2022 was $ 1.19 . The estimate of the grant date fair value of each option issued is based on a Black-Scholes model. The assumptions used in our valuations for the year ended December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected volatility 105.85 % - 120.22 % Weighted average share price $ 1.19 Expected life (in years) 5 Expected dividend yield 0 % Risk-free interest rate 3.05 % - 4.09 % F- 36 11. Share-based payments (cont.) Expected Term — The expected term is based upon the historical exercise patterns of options. Expected Volatility — Was determined based upon the expected term of the options which is based upon the historical exercise patterns of options. Risk-Free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the 5 years government bond yield rate of Denmark at the date of grant maturities approximately equal to the options’ expected term. Dividend Rate — The expected dividend is zero as the Company has not paid nor does it anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Fair Value of Common Stock — The quoted prices of the Company’s common stock is used to estimate the fair value of the share-based awards at grant date. 12. License and Development Agreements (a) License Agreement with Novartis for Dovitinib On January 26, 2024, we received a Termination Notice from Novartis due to a material breach of our license agreement. Accordingly, under the terms of the Agreement (i) we shall cease all development and commercialization activities with respect to all licensed products; (ii) all rights and licenses granted by Novartis to Allarity shall revert to Novartis; and all liabilities due to Novartis became immediately due and payable in the amount of $ 5,001 inclusive of interest which is continuing to accrue at 5 % per annum. As of December 31, 2023, the liability is recorded as a current liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows: $ 3,600 in accounts payable, $ 1,300 convertible promissory note and accrued interest, net of discount, and $ 101 in accrued liabilities. (b) License Agreement with Eisai Inc. for Stenoparib We hold the exclusive worldwide rights to all preventative, therapeutic and/or diagnostic uses related to cancer in humans and by amendment to the agreement on December 11, 2020, viral infections in humans (including, but not limited to, coronaviruses) for stenoparib from Eisai, Inc. (“Eisai”) pursuant to a license agreement. Pursuant to the license agreement, we are solely responsible for the development of stenoparib during the term of the agreement. The agreement also provides for a joint development committee consisting of six members, three appointed by us and three appointed by Eisai. One of our members of the joint development committee is designated chair of the committee and has the power to break any deadlock in decisions by the committee that must be made by a majority vote with each representative having one vote. The purpose of the committee is to implement and oversee development activities for stenoparib pursuant to the clinical development plan, serving as a forum for exchanging data, information and development strategy. Effective July 12, 2022, the Company’s July 6, 2017 Exclusive License Agreement with Eisai Inc. (the “Third Amendment”), the terms of the original exclusive license were further amended in order to (1) further postpone the due date of the Extension Payment and extend the deadline for the Company’s successful completion of its first Phase 1b or Phase 2 clinical trial for Stenoparib (the “Product”) beyond December 31, 2022; and (2) amend terms related to Eisai’s right of termination of development. On May 26, 2023, the Company and Eisai entered into a fourth amendment to the Exclusive License Agreement with an effective date of May 16, 2023, to postpone the extension payment, restructure the payment schedule and extend the deadline to complete enrollment in a further Phase 1b or Phase 2 Clinical Trial for the Stenoparib (the “Product”). The Company agreed to pay Eisai in periodic payments as follows: (i) $100 which has been paid; (ii) $50 within 10 days of execution of the fourth amendment which has been paid; (iii) $100 upon completion of a capital raise (paid on July 18, 2023); and (iv) $850 on or before March 1, 2024. As of the date of this filing, the Company is currently negotiating a fifth amendment to the extend the timeframe of periodic payments due. F- 37 12. License and Development Agreements (cont.) Once the extension payment is paid in full, the Company shall have until April 1, 2024, to complete enrollment in a further Phase 1b or Phase 2 Clinical Trial of the Product. If the Company has not achieved successful completion of a further Phase 1b or Phase 2 Clinical Trial of the Product prior to April 1, 2024, Eisai may terminate this Agreement in its entirety, in its sole discretion on at least 120 days prior written notice. Development Milestone Payments Pursuant to the agreement, we have agreed to make milestone payments to Eisai in connection with the development of stenoparib by us or our affiliates, or by a third-party Program Acquirer that assumes control of the stenoparib development program from us corresponding to: (i) successful completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial; (ii) Upon dosing of the first patient in the first Phase 3 clinical trial; (iii) upon submission of the first NDA with the FDA; (iv) submission of an MAA to the EMA; (v) submission of an NDA to the MHLW in Japan; (vi) upon receipt of authorization by the FDA to market and sell a licensed product; (vii) upon receipt of approval of an MAA by the EMA for a licensed product; and (viii) upon receipt of approval by the MHLW in Japan for a licensed product. If all milestones have been achieved, we may be obligated to pay Eisai up to a maximum of $ 94 million. In addition, we have agreed to pay Eisai a one-time sales milestone payment in the amount of $ 50 million the first time our annual sales of licensed product is $ 1 billion or more. Royalty Payments In addition to the milestone payments described above, we have agreed to pay Eisai royalties based on annual incremental sales of product derived from stenoparib in an amount between 5 % and 10 % of annual sales of between $ 0 and $ 100 million, between 6 % and 10 % of annual sales between $ 100 million and $ 250 million, between 7 % and 11 % of annual sales between $ 250 million and $ 500 million, and between 11 % and 15 % of annual sales in excess of $ 500 million. We are obligated to pay royalties under the agreement on a country-by-country and product-by-product basis for a period that commences with the first commercial sale of a product until the later of (i) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim of any licensed patent covering such licensed product in such country; or, (ii) the expiration of regulatory-based exclusivity for such licensed product in such country or (iii) the 15 year anniversary of the date of first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country. However, the agreement may be terminated sooner without cause by us upon 120 days prior written notice, or upon written notice of a material breach of the agreement by Eisai that is not cured within 90 days (30 days for a payment default). Eisai also has the right to terminate the agreement upon written notice of a material breach of the agreement by us that is not cured within 90 days (30 days for a payment default) or if we file for bankruptcy. By an amendment effective as of August 3, 2021, and executed by Eisai on August 23, 2021, Eisai also has the right to terminate the agreement if we do not complete a Phase 2 clinical trial before December 31, 2022, unless we elect to pay a $ 1,000 extension payment (“Extension Payment”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event we fail to enroll and dose at least 30 patients with the first dose of cancer drug in the ongoing Phase 2 Ovarian Cancer Clinical Trial by July 1, 2022, then the Extension Payment will be due and payable in fully by July 30, 2022. In addition, if we fail to achieve successful completion of first Phase 2 Clinical Trial prior to December 31, 2022, and do not elect to pay the Extension Payment then Eisai may terminate the agreement in its sole discretion pursuant to the terms of the amendment. F- 38 12. License and Development Agreements (cont.) Option to Reacquire Rights to Stenoparib For the period commencing with enrollment of the first five patients in a Phase 2 clinical trial pursuant to the clinical development plan and ending 90 days following successful completion of such Phase 2 clinical trial, Eisai has the option to reacquire our licensed rights to develop stenoparib for a purchase price equal to the fair market value of our rights, giving effect to the stage of development of stenoparib that we have completed under the agreement. We commenced a Phase 2 clinical trial April 15, 2019, and as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, Eisai has not indicated an intention to exercise its repurchase option. (c) Development, Option and License Agreement with R-Pharm for IXEMPRA® On March 1, 2019, the Company entered into an option to in-license the rights to any and all therapeutic and/or diagnostic uses in humans for IXEMPRA ® in the European Union (Great Britain but excluding Switzerland and Lichtenstein) (the “Territory”) from R-Pharm U.S. Operating, LLC (“R-Pharm”), pursuant to a Development, Option and License Agreement (the “Option”). By an amendment to the agreement dated August 4, 2022, for no consideration, the term of the option will expire on September 1, 2023, if not exercised by us before then. The agreement provides a right of extension, should we elect, for an additional $ 250 . As of the date of this filing, we have not extended the option with R-Pharm. (d) Development costs and Out-License Agreement with Smerud In June of 2020 (the “June 2020 Out-License Agreement”), as amended March 28, 2022 (the “Amended License Agreement”), the Company out-licensed its secondary LiPlaCis ® and 2X-111 programs to Smerud Medical Research International, the Company’s long-time CRO partner in Europe, for further Phase 2 clinical development of each program together with its DRP ® companion diagnostic. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended License Agreement, Chosa ApS, a company organized under the laws of Denmark (“Chosa”), replaced us as the exclusive licensee to the LiPlaCis ® technology. In addition, we also granted Chosa an exclusive, royalty-free, transferable and sublicensable license for (i) our DRP ® Companion Diagnostics that are specific for Cisplatin or LiPlaCis ® (a liposomal formulation of Cisplatin) for the research and development of LiPlaCis ® products, and (ii) the use of any and all know-how and intellectual property rights owned by us for Chosa’s use of our DRP ® Companion Diagnostics that are specific for Cisplatin or LiPlaCis ® (a liposomal formulation of Cisplatin) for the development and commercialization of LiPlaCis ® products, as contemplated in the Amended License Agreement. F- 39 12. License and Development Agreements (cont.) LiPlaCis Support Agreement with Smerud, Chosa and LiPlasome On March 28, 2022, concurrent with the entry into the Amended License Agreement, we entered into the LiPlaCis Support Agreement with Allarity Europe, Smerud, Chosa and LiPlasome (the “Support Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Support Agreement, we agreed (i) to pay to LiPlasome a certain percentage of the Commercialization Proceeds received from Smerud by way of debt cancellation relating to prior work on LiPlaCis ® by Smerud, which obligation was to be satisfied by the payment of $ 338 to LiPlasome upon execution of the Support Agreement, (ii) to equally share the milestone payments under the terms of the License Agreement, pursuant to which it was contemplated that upon the achievement of all the milestones, our pro rata share of the Milestone Payments would be up to $ 3.5 million, (iii) to amend and restate the Original License Agreement, and (iv) to terminate the 2020 Sublicense Agreement as contemplated by the parties pursuant to the terms of the Support Agreement. Development costs Under the terms of the June 2020 Sublicense agreement (the “2020 Sublicense Agreement”) between the Company and Smerud Medical Research International AS (Norway) (“Smerud”), the Company is liable for development costs incurred by Smerud in the approximate amount of $ 1,264 , which has been accrued as of December 31, 2021, as payable to Smerud. However, effective March 28, 2022, the Company terminated its LiPlasome rights through the following agreements: A Letter Agreement between Chosa Oncology Ltd. (England), Chosa ApS (Denmark) (collectively “Chosa”), Smerud, and the Company, which references the following agreements: Development costs a. The 2022 Amended and Restated License Agreement between LiPlasome Pharma Aps (Denmark) (“LiPlasome”), Chosa, and the Company’s subsidiary Allarity Therapeutics ApS, which amended the original February 15, 2016, LiPlasome License Agreement (as amended January 27, 2021), whereby Chosa replaced the Company as licensee of LiPlasome in exchange for Smerud’s cancellation of the Company’s $ 1,309 liability to Smerud and the Company’s agreement to pay $ 338 to LiPlasome. Consequently, in 2022, the Company recorded a balance due to LiPlasome of $ 338 in accrued liabilities (paid on April 1, 2022) and recorded other income of $ 971 , which was recognized as a gain on sale of IP. b. The LiPlacis Support Agreement between Allarity Therapeutics Europe, Smerud, Chosa and LiPlasome. Terms of the Support Agreement provide that each of Smerud and the Company agreed that the 2022 Sublicense Agreement is terminated in its entirety. F- 40 12. License and Development Agreements (cont.) (e) Oncoheroes Effective January 2, 2022, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement with Oncoheroes Biosciences Inc. (the “Oncoheroes Agreement”) to grant Oncoheroes an exclusive royalty-bearing global license to both dovitinib and stenoparib in pediatric cancers. Oncoheroes will take responsibility for pediatric cancer clinical development activities for both clinical-stage therapeutics. The Company will support Oncoheroes’ pediatric clinical trials by providing clinical-grade drug inventory at cost and by facilitating DRP ® companion diagnostic screening of pediatric patients for each drug. Under the licenses, Oncoheroes will receive commercialization rights for pediatric cancers, subject to the Company’s first buy-back option for each program, and the Company will receive an upfront license fee and regulatory milestones for for stenoparib, as follows: i. A one-time upfront payment of $ 250 for stenoparib, within 5 business days after January 2, 2022 ($ 350 received as of April 4, 2022) and recorded in other income as a gain on sale of IP; and ii. two milestone payments of $ 1 million each due and payable upon receipt of regulatory approval of a product in the United States, and of a product in Europe, respectively. Pursuant to the Oncoheroes Agreement the Company is also entitled to tiered royalties on aggregate net product sales (“Sales”) of between 7% and 12% on net sales of products as follows: 7% on Sales less than $100 million; 10% on Sales of greater than $100 million and less than $200 million; and 12% on Sales greater than $200 million. (f) Lantern Pharma, Inc. – Irofulven Agreement On July 23, 2021, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Lantern Pharma, Inc. relating to our inventory of Irofulven active pharmaceutical ingredients, our clinical research data relating to Irofulven developed by us during the drug development program under the May 2015 Drug License and Development Agreement for Irofulven and terminated our obligation to further advance the development of Irofulven under the May 2015 agreement. Under the Asset Purchase Agreement, Lantern Pharma agreed to pay us $ 1 million on closing of the transaction, and additional amounts: (i) when the inventory of Irofulven API is recertified with a longer shelf life; (ii) upon the initiation of treatment of the first patient in an investigator-led “compassionate use” ERCC2/3 mutation subgroup study using Irofulven in certain agreed upon investigators; (iii) upon the initiation of treatment of the first patient within twenty-four months after the closing of the transaction in any human clinical trial of Irofulven initiated by Lantern Pharma; and (iv) upon the initiation of treatment of the second patient within an agreed upon time period after the closing of the transaction in any human clinical trial of Irofulven initiated by Lantern Pharma. In addition to the sale of our inventory of Irofulven API and Data to Lantern Pharma, we also granted Lantern Pharma a non-exclusive, worldwide license to use our putative Irofulven DRP ® companion diagnostic to advance the development and commercialization of Irofulven and other Illudins (sesquiterpenes with anti-tumor properties produced by some mushrooms). We have also agreed not to engage in any drug development program for Illudins or any of its analogues or any use thereof for a period of five years. Effective March 18, 2022, pursuant to clause (i) the inventory was recertified with a longer shelf life and as of March 31, 2022, we received $ 459 which was recorded in other income as a gain on sale of IP. F- 41 13. Tax The reconciliation of the statutory rate to the effective tax rate is as follows: Reconciliation of effective tax rate: 2023 2022 Tax computed on the loss before tax at a tax rate of 21.0 % for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 $ ( 2,482 ) $ ( 3,692 ) Foreign rate differential ( 73 ) ( 260 ) Non-deductible expenses, other — 1 Tax value of derivative warrants ( 1,187 ) ( 3,597 ) Special tax deduction on research and development expenses ( 559 ) ( 754 ) Loss offset to research and development incentive 798 609 Other adjustments 17 ( 1 ) Adjustment of tax concerning previous years 45 ( 871 ) Change in valuation allowance 3,524 7,044 Effective tax rate $ 83 $ ( 1,521 ) The components of net loss before income taxes were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 Denmark $ ( 6,234 ) $ ( 25,336 ) Sweden — ( 3 ) United States ( 5,584 ) 7,760 $ ( 11,818 ) $ ( 17,579 ) The components of the provision for income taxes from operations were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 Current: Denmark $ — $ — Sweden — — United States — — Total — — Deferred: Denmark 83 ( 1,521 ) Sweden — — United States — — Total 83 ( 1,521 ) $ 83 $ ( 1,521 ) F- 42 13. Tax (cont.) Deferred tax comprises: 2023 2022 Property, plant and equipment $ ( 25 ) $ 20 Intangible assets ( 1,405 ) ( 1,160 ) Stock compensation 790 1,152 Other accruals 16 ( 44 ) Net operating losses 16,952 12,981 Total deferred tax 16,328 12,949 Valuation allowance ( 16,774 ) ( 13,298 ) Net deferred tax liabilities $ ( 446 ) $ ( 349 ) Tax on profit/loss for the year: 2023 2022 Current income tax (benefit) expense $ — $ — Change in deferred tax 83 ( 1,521 ) Adjustment of tax concerning previous years — — Tax (benefit) expense $ 83 $ ( 1,521 ) Tax losses carried forward of approximately $ 78.1 million can be carried forward indefinitely. Deferred tax has been provided corresponding to the statutory tax rate applied. The statute of limitations for re-assessment of tax returns in Denmark is three years and five years for transfer pricing. As of December 31, 2023, the tax years that remain subject to examination by the major tax jurisdictions, under the statute of limitations, are from the year ended December 31, 2018, forward. The Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions that would result in the Company having a liability to the taxing authorities. 14. Related parties During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, a Director of the Company was paid $ 127 and $ 269 , respectively, in fees as a consultant. 15. Basic and diluted net loss per share Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders was as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders $ ( 20,416 ) $ ( 21,051 ) Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted 1,990,748 6,805 Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders – basic and diluted $ ( 10.26 ) $ ( 3,093.42 ) F- 43 15. Basic and diluted net loss per share (cont.) The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include warrants and shares issuable upon conversion of convertible debt, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share attributable to common shareholders. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: As of December 31, 2023 2022 Warrants and stock options 9,540,951 2,695,907 Series A Convertible Preferred stock 1,530,360 7,406,057 Convertible debt* — 9,071,430 11,071,311 19,173,394 * Estimated based on $ 2,667 at $ 0.1825 per share. 16. Financial Instruments The following tables present information about the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy used to determine such fair values: Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023, Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities: Warrant liability $ — $ — $ ( 2,263 ) $ ( 2,263 ) Derivative warrant liability — — ( 820 ) ( 820 ) $ — $ — $ ( 3,083 ) $ ( 3,083 ) Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022, Using: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Liabilities: Derivative warrant liability $ — $ — $ ( 374 ) $ ( 374 ) $ — $ — $ ( 374 ) $ ( 374 ) Methods used to estimate the fair values of our financial instruments, not disclosed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, are as follows: When available, our marketable securities are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. If we are unable to value our marketable securities using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, we value our investments using broker reports that utilize quoted market prices for comparable instruments. Accordingly, our investment is considered a Level 1 financial asset. We have no financial assets or liabilities measured using Level 2 inputs. Financial assets and liabilities are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. F- 44 16. Financial Instruments (cont.) The Company recognizes its derivative liabilities as level 3 and values its derivatives using the methods discussed below. While the Company believes that its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, it recognizes that the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The primary assumptions that would significantly affect the fair values using terms in the notes that are subject to volatility and market price of the underlying common stock of the Company. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain securities within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the date the actual event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer occurs. When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. There were no transfers between level 1 or level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2023, or 2022. During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company utilized the reset strike options Type 2 model by Espen Garder Haug and Black-Scholes Merton models to measure the fair value of the 3i Exchange Warrant derivative liability at $ 820 and $ 374 , respectively. All changes in fair value were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operation and Comprehensive Loss during the corresponding period. Fluctuations in the Company’s stock price are a primary driver for the changes in the derivative valuations during each reporting period. During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company’s stock price decreased from its initial valuation. As the stock price decreases for each of the related derivative instruments, the value to the holder of the instrument generally decreases. Stock price is one of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of each of the Company’s derivative instruments. 17. Commitments and Contingencies License Agreement with 2-BBB Medicines B.V. for Stenoparib (“2X-111”) On March 27, 2017, we in-licensed the exclusive worldwide rights to the central nervous system (“CNS”) and/or cerebrocardiovascular drug application, including the (preventive) treatment of peripheral effects of agents causing CNS disease or symptoms, including cancer, for 2X-111 from 2-BBB Medicines B.V. (“2-BBB”) pursuant to a license agreement. Upon execution of the agreement, we paid 2-BBB a one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable payment of $ 500 . Pursuant to the agreement, we are solely responsible for the development of 2X-111 during the term of the agreement. Development and Sales Milestone Payments Pursuant to the agreement, we have agreed to make milestone payments to 2-BBB in connection with the development of 2X-111 by us or our affiliates, or by a third-party (a “Program Acquirer”) that assumes control of the 2X-111 development program from us corresponding to: (i) upon enrollment of the first ten patients required in a Phase 2 clinical trial; (ii) upon the successful completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial; (iii) upon dosing of the first patient in the first Phase 3 clinical trial; (iv) upon submission of the first NDA with the FDA; (v) submission of an MAA to the EMA in the European Union; (vi) upon submission of an NDA in the first of either China or India; (vii) upon receipt of the first authorization by the FDA to market and sell a licensed product; (viii) upon receipt of a MAA for a licensed product in the European Union; and (ix) upon receipt of regulatory approval in the first of either China or India. If all development milestones have been achieved, we may be obligated to pay 2-BBB up to a maximum of $ 27.75 million which could increase to $ 55.5 million if 2-BBB successfully expands the field of our license agreement to include all preventative, therapeutic and/or diagnostic uses related to cancer in humans. In addition to the development milestones described above, we have agreed to make a mid-level seven figure one-time payment upon our sales of a licensed product reaching $ 500 million annually and a low eight figure payment upon the first and second time our sales of a licensed product reaches $ 1 Billion annual. If all sales milestones have been achieved, we would be obligated to pay 2-BBB up to a maximum of $ 22.5 million which could increase to $ 45 million if 2-BBB successfully expands the field of our license agreement to include all preventative, therapeutic and/or diagnostic uses related to cancer in humans. F- 45 17. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.) Royalty Payments In addition to the milestone payments described above, we have agreed to pay 2-BBB royalties based on annual incremental sales of product derived from 2X-111 in an amount between 5% and 10% of annual sales of between $ 0 and $ 100 million, between 6% and 13% of annual sales between $ 100 million and $ 250 million, and between 7% and 13% of annual sales in excess of $ 250 million. We are obligated to pay royalties under the agreement on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, from the period of time commencing on the first commercial sale of any product in such country and expiring upon the latest of (a) the expiration of the last valid claim of a patent within (i) the 2-BBB intellectual property and/or (ii) the joint intellectual property in such country (if, but only if, such joint intellectual property arose from activities under the clinical development plan), or (b) the 10 th anniversary of the date of first commercial sale of such product in such country. However, the agreement may be sooner terminated without cause by us upon 120 days prior written notice, or upon written notice of a material breach of the agreement by 2-BBB that is not cured within 90 days. 2-BBB also has the right to terminate the agreement upon written notice of a material breach of the agreement by us that is not cured within 90 days (30 days for a payment default) or if we file for bankruptcy. 2-BBB also has the right to terminate the agreement in the event we challenge a 2-BBB patent and we have the right to terminate the agreement upon 30 days’ notice for specified safety reasons. 18. Subsequent Events (a) 3i LP Securities Purchase Agreement On January 18th, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with 3i, pursuant to which we issued and sold 3i a senior convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $ 440 due on January 18, 2025 (the “First Note”, and together with the Purchase Agreement, the “Transaction Documents”) for an aggregate purchase price of $ 400 , representing an approximate 10 % original issue discount (the “Transaction”). We agreed to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Note for accounts payable and working capital purposes. Unless the Transaction Documents state otherwise, we may not prepay any portion of the principal amount of the Note without the Purchaser’s prior written consent. On February 13, 2024 (the “Second Closing”), the Parties entered into a Limited Waiver Agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”) and agreed that the Second Closing can be consummated prior to the 30th calendar day following January 18, 2024. The Parties further waive any rights or remedies that they may have under Section 2.3 of the Purchase Agreement, solely in connection with the Second Closing, including any rights of termination, defaults, amendment, acceleration or cancellation that be triggered under the Purchase Agreement solely as a result of accelerating the Second Closing. As of the Second Closing, we issued and sold to the Purchaser a senior convertible promissory note in an aggregate principal amount of $ 440 (the “Principal Amount”) due on February 13, 2025 (the “Second Note,” and together with the First Note dated January 18, 2024, and Purchase Agreement, the “Transaction Documents”) for an aggregate purchase price of $ 400 , representing an approximately 10 % original issue discount (the “Transaction”). We agreed to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Second Note for accounts payable and working capital purposes. Unless the Transaction Documents state otherwise, we may not prepay any portion of the principal amount of the Second Note without the Purchaser’s prior written consent. Subject to the satisfaction (or express waiver) of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser shall also have the right to require us to consummate one or more additional closings of up to an additional $ 600 of notes in the aggregate. F- 46 18. Subsequent Events (cont.) Interest We agreed to pay interest to 3i on the aggregate unconverted and then outstanding principal amount of the First and Second Notes at the rate of 8 % per annum. The first interest payment on the First Note is due on February 1, 2024, and has been deferred to March 1, 2024, with subsequent payments on the 1 st of each month, starting from March 1, 2024, until the First Note is fully redeemed. The first interest payment on the Second Note is due on March 1, 2024, with subsequent payments on the 1 st of each month, starting from April 1, 2024, until the Second Note is fully redeemed. The interest on each of the First and Second Notes is payable in cash or, at the Purchaser’s option, in shares of our common stock, par value $ 0.0001 (the “Common Stock”), at the 90 % of the lowest VWAP during the previous ten trading days that is immediately prior to the interest payment dates. Under the terms of the Note, 3i has the exclusive right to choose whether to receive interest payments in cash or as shares of our Common Stock. Conversion of the First and Second Notes From the First Closing Date until the First Note is fully paid off, it can be converted, partially or entirely, into Common Stock at 3i’s discretion (subject to limits specified in the Note). We have committed to keeping enough of our authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock available exclusively for conversion of the Note. The set conversion price is $ 0.4476 per share. The number of shares to be issued upon conversion of the Note will be calculated by dividing the outstanding principal amount of the Note to be converted by $ 0.4476 . From the Second Closing until the Second Note is fully paid off, it can be converted, partially or entirely, into Common Stock at the Purchaser’s discretion (subject to limits specified in the Second Note). We have committed to keeping enough of our authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock available exclusively for conversion of the Second Note. The set conversion price is $ 0.405 per share. The number of shares to be issued upon conversion of the Second Note will be calculated by dividing the outstanding principal amount of the Second Note to be converted by $ 0.405 . 3i’s ownership percentage of our Common Stock is limited to no more than 4.99 %, as determined according to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and its accompanying rules. Additionally, we cannot issue shares of our Common Stock in relation to the Transaction, including shares due upon the First and Second Note conversion or otherwise, that exceed 19.99 % of our total outstanding shares of Common Stock, unless otherwise permitted by the Transaction documents. Redemption Subject to the provisions of the First and Second Notes, if, at any time while the First and Second Notes are outstanding, we engage in one or more subsequent financings, 3i may require us to first use up to 100 % of the gross proceeds of such financing to redeem all or a portion of the First and Second Notes. However, if we raise capital in an ATM offering, 3i may request up to 20 % of the proceeds to redeem the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) at the stated value. Events of Default The First and Second Notes include customary event of default provisions and provide for a mandatory default provision. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Purchaser may require us to pay in cash the “Mandatory Default Amount” which is defined in the Note to mean the sum of (a) the greater of (i) the outstanding principal amount of the First and Second Note, plus all accrued and unpaid interest hereon, divided by the lesser of (i) 0.4476 in the case of the First Note and $ 0.405 in the case of the Second Note, or (ii) 85 % of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 10 trading days ending on the trading day that is immediately prior to the applicable date the Mandatory Default Amount is either (A) demanded or otherwise due or (B) paid in full, whichever has a lower conversion price, multiplied by the highest closing price for our shares of Common Stock on the trading market during the period beginning on the date of first occurrence of the event of default and ending on the date the Mandatory Default Amount is paid in full, or (ii) 130 % of the sum of the outstanding principal amount of the First and Second Note, plus accrued and unpaid interest hereon, and (b) all other amounts, costs, expenses and liquidated damages due in respect of the First and Second Note. F- 47 18. Subsequent Events (cont.) Negative Covenants While any part of the First and Second Notes are outstanding, without prior written consent from the Purchaser and holders of at least 50.01 % of the outstanding Second Note, we are restricted from (i) incurring any debt exceeding $ 250 in total; (ii) creating any liens on their property, except for permitted ones; (iii) making amendments to their charter documents that adversely affect the Purchaser’s rights; (iv) repurchasing our Common Stock or equivalents, except under specific conditions related to conversion shares under the Second Note and equity incentives for departing officers and directors, capped at $ 50 in total; (v) repurchasing or acquiring any indebtedness other than the First and Second Note, unless it is done pro-rata; (vi) paying cash dividends or distributions on their equity securities; (vii) engaging in transactions with any affiliates or related parties, unless permitted by the Purchase Agreement; and (viii) entering into agreements related to the above restrictions. Registration Rights We agreed to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission the resale of our shares of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the First and Second Note pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. We agreed to reimburse the Purchaser of reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Purchaser for significant work in connection with the First and Second Closing. The Purchase Agreement also provides for indemnification of the Purchaser if it incurs losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses related to, among other things, a breach by us of any of our representations, warranties or covenants under the Purchase Agreement. (b) Series A Preferred Stock Conversions On February 8, 2024, pursuant to the exercise of conversion by the 3i, we issued 291,958 shares of Common Stock to 3i upon the conversion of 121 shares of Series A Preferred Stock based on a conversion price of $ 0.4476 . No proceeds were received by the Company upon such conversion. As of the date of these financial statements, we had 1,296 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. (c) Modification to Conversion Price of Series A Preferred Stock and 3i Exchange Warrants On January 14, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the January 14th, 2024, 3i LP Bridge Loan, the Company modified the conversion price of the 3i Exchange Warrants from $ 1.00 to $ 0.4476 , thereby increasing the number of Exchange Warrants outstanding from 4,407,221 at December 31, 2023 to 9,846,339 outstanding at January 14, 2024. Also on January 14, 2024, the conversion price of the outstanding 1,417 shares of Series A Preferred Stock was revised from $ 1.00 to $ 0.4476 . We filed the Fifth Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Fifth Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to reflect the new conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock of $ 0.4476 . At a stated value of $ 1,080 for each share of Series A Preferred Stock, the revised price of $ 0.4476 per share results in the 1,417 shares being convertible into 3,419,035 common shares as of January 14, 2024. On February 13, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the February 13, 2024, Bridge Loan, the Company modified the conversion price of the 3i Exchange Warrants from $ 0.4476 to $ 0.4050 and thereby increased the number of Exchange Warrants outstanding from 9,846,339 on January 18, 2024, to 10,882,028 on February 13, 2024. The Company also agreed to amend the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock to equal $ 0.405 as soon as practicable. We filed the Sixth Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Sixth Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to reflect the new conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock of $ 0.405 . At a stated value of $ 1,080 for each share of Series A Preferred Stock, the revised price of $ 0.405 per share results in the 1,296 shares being convertible into 3,456,000 common shares. (d) Nasdaq Hearing On February 1, 2024 we attended a de-listing appeal hearing with Nasdaq, the outcome of which is pending as of the date of this filing. (e) Settlement Agreement (with J.Cullem) As of March 7, 2024, we entered into a Settlement Agreement and General Release (“Settlement Agreement”) with James Cullem, our former CEO and director. Pursuant to the terms and conditions outlined in the Settlement Agreement and in exchange for Mr. Cullem’s commitments therein, including his general release of claims against us, among other considerations, we agreed to provide Mr. Cullem with an initial settlement payment totaling $ 70,000 on April 1, 2024. Additionally, we committed to making an installment payment of $ 179,155 , divided equally into 5 monthly payments. Furthermore, we agreed to issue Mr. Cullem 290,000 settlement shares on April 1, 2024. Should the initial settlement payment and issuance of shares not be made to Mr. Cullem in full on April 1, 2024, the Settlement Agreement will be rendered null and void, releasing both parties from any further obligations under the Settlement Agreement unless otherwise mandated by a prior binding contract or agreement. Both parties will retain any and all rights, claims, and causes of action that would have otherwise been released by the Settlement Agreement. Additionally, Mr. Cullem agreed to act as our consultant and entered into a consulting agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with us, effective as of March 7, 2024. For the avoidance of doubt, no additional consideration is being paid to Mr. Cullem under the Consulting Agreement. Copies of the Settlement Agreement and Consulting Agreement will be included as exhibits to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024. F- 48