Archer-Daniels-Midland Co 10-Q

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 (In millions, except per share amounts) Revenues $ 24,072 $ 23,650 Cost of products sold 21,992 21,753 Gross Profit 2,080 1,897 Selling, general, and administrative expenses 881 829 Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs 7 1 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates ( 174 ) ( 204 ) Interest and investment income ( 134 ) ( 59 ) Interest expense 147 92 Other (income) expense – net ( 44 ) ( 33 ) Earnings Before Income Taxes 1,397 1,271 Income tax expense 225 207 Net Earnings Including Noncontrolling Interests 1,172 1,064 Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests 2 10 Net Earnings Attributable to Controlling Interests $ 1,170 $ 1,054 Average number of shares outstanding – basic 550 566 Average number of shares outstanding – diluted 551 568 Basic earnings per common share $ 2.13 $ 1.86 Diluted earnings per common share $ 2.12 $ 1.86 Dividends per common share $ 0.45 $ 0.40 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 3 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 (In millions) Net earnings including noncontrolling interests $ 1,172 $ 1,064 Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment 153 149 Tax effect 14 ( 31 ) Net of tax amount 167 118 Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities adjustment ( 26 ) 37 Tax effect ( 13 ) ( 7 ) Net of tax amount ( 39 ) 30 Deferred gain (loss) on hedging activities ( 104 ) 282 Tax effect 16 ( 47 ) Net of tax amount ( 88 ) 235 Unrealized gain (loss) on investments 4 ( 5 ) Tax effect ( 1 ) — Net of tax amount 3 ( 5 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 43 378 Comprehensive income (loss) 1,215 1,442 Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 1 ) 5 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interests $ 1,216 $ 1,437 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 4 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Consolidated Balance Sheets (In millions) March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) Assets Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 899 $ 1,037 Segregated cash and investments 8,736 9,010 Trade receivables - net 4,471 4,926 Inventories 14,771 14,771 Other current assets 5,448 5,666 Total Current Assets 34,325 35,410 Investments and Other Assets Investments in affiliates 5,525 5,467 Goodwill and other intangible assets 6,583 6,544 Right of use assets 1,025 1,088 Other assets 1,273 1,332 Total Investments and Other Assets 14,406 14,431 Property, Plant, and Equipment Land and land improvements 546 502 Buildings 5,673 5,639 Machinery and equipment 19,390 19,194 Construction in progress 1,502 1,440 27,111 26,775 Accumulated depreciation ( 17,040 ) ( 16,842 ) Net Property, Plant, and Equipment 10,071 9,933 Total Assets $ 58,802 $ 59,774 Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities Short-term debt $ 1,809 $ 503 Trade payables 6,271 7,803 Payables to brokerage customers 9,430 9,856 Accrued expenses and other payables 3,981 4,795 Current lease liabilities 287 292 Current maturities of long-term debt 952 942 Total Current Liabilities 22,730 24,191 Long-Term Liabilities Long-term debt 7,745 7,735 Deferred income taxes 1,362 1,402 Non-current lease liabilities 757 816 Other 1,011 1,014 Total Long-Term Liabilities 10,875 10,967 Temporary Equity - Redeemable noncontrolling interest 301 299 Shareholders’ Equity Common stock 3,106 3,147 Reinvested earnings 24,217 23,646 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ( 2,463 ) ( 2,509 ) Noncontrolling interests 36 33 Total Shareholders’ Equity 24,896 24,317 Total Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Shareholders’ Equity $ 58,802 $ 59,774 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 5 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (In millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Operating Activities Net earnings including noncontrolling interests $ 1,172 $ 1,064 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Depreciation and amortization 259 257 Asset impairment charges 3 1 Deferred income taxes 47 144 Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of dividends ( 113 ) ( 159 ) Stock compensation expense 65 69 Deferred cash flow hedges ( 104 ) 283 Gains on sales of assets and businesses/investment revaluation ( 11 ) ( 34 ) Other – net ( 8 ) ( 9 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and dispositions Segregated investments ( 935 ) ( 482 ) Trade receivables 488 ( 937 ) Inventories 52 ( 2,881 ) Other current assets 328 ( 2,141 ) Trade payables ( 1,556 ) ( 245 ) Payables to brokerage customers ( 460 ) 2,501 Accrued expenses and other payables ( 837 ) 1,363 Total Operating Activities ( 1,610 ) ( 1,206 ) Investing Activities Capital expenditures ( 327 ) ( 217 ) Proceeds from sales of assets and businesses 13 5 Investments in affiliates ( 4 ) ( 36 ) Cost method investments — ( 102 ) Other – net ( 10 ) 8 Total Investing Activities ( 328 ) ( 342 ) Financing Activities Long-term debt borrowings — 750 Long-term debt payments ( 2 ) — Net borrowings (payments) under lines of credit agreements 1,306 2,824 Share repurchases ( 351 ) — Cash dividends ( 248 ) ( 226 ) Other – net ( 107 ) ( 30 ) Total Financing Activities 598 3,318 Effect of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents ( 6 ) — Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents ( 1,346 ) 1,770 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period 7,033 7,454 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents - end of period $ 5,687 $ 9,224 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents to the consolidated balance sheets Cash and cash equivalents $ 899 $ 1,079 Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents included in segregated cash and investments 4,788 8,145 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents $ 5,687 $ 9,224 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 6 Archer-Daniels-Midland-Company Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) Common Stock Reinvested Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Noncontrolling Interests Total Shareholders’ Equity (In millions, except per share amounts) Shares Amount Balance, December 31, 2022 547 $ 3,147 $ 23,646 $ ( 2,509 ) $ 33 $ 24,317 Comprehensive income Net earnings 1,170 2 Other comprehensive income (loss) 46 ( 3 ) Total comprehensive income 1,215 Cash dividends paid - $ 0.45 per share ( 248 ) ( 248 ) Share repurchases ( 4 ) ( 351 ) ( 351 ) Stock compensation expense 3 65 65 Stock option exercises net of taxes ( 1 ) ( 108 ) ( 108 ) Other — 2 — — 4 6 Balance, March 31, 2023 545 $ 3,106 $ 24,217 $ ( 2,463 ) $ 36 $ 24,896 Balance, December 31, 2021 560 $ 2,994 $ 21,655 $ ( 2,172 ) $ 31 $ 22,508 Comprehensive income Net earnings 1,054 10 Other comprehensive income (loss) 383 ( 5 ) Total comprehensive income 1,442 Cash dividends paid - $ 0.40 per share ( 226 ) ( 226 ) Stock compensation expense 3 69 69 Stock option exercises net of taxes — ( 36 ) ( 36 ) Other — 1 — — ( 3 ) ( 2 ) Balance, March 31, 2022 563 $ 3,028 $ 22,483 $ ( 1,789 ) $ 33 $ 23,755 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 7 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Note 1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for Archer-Daniels-Midland Company (the Company or ADM). Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates all entities, including variable interest entities (VIEs), in which it has a controlling financial interest. For VIEs, the Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary as defined under the applicable accounting standard. Investments in affiliates, including VIEs through which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control the investee and is not the primary beneficiary of the investee’s activities, are carried at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings since acquisition and are adjusted, where appropriate, for basis differences between the investment balance and the underlying net assets of the investee. The Company’s portion of the results of certain affiliates and results of certain VIEs are included using the most recent available financial statements. In each case, the financial statements are within 93 days of the Company’s year end and are consistent from period to period. Segregated Cash and Investments The Company segregates certain cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances in accordance with regulatory requirements, commodity exchange requirements, and insurance arrangements. These balances represent deposits received from customers of the Company’s registered futures commission merchant and commodity brokerage services, cash margins and securities pledged to commodity exchange clearinghouses, and cash pledged as security under certain insurance arrangements. Segregated cash and investments also include restricted cash collateral for the various insurance programs of the Company’s captive insurance business. To the degree these segregated balances are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, they are considered restricted cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Receivables The Company records receivables at net realizable value in trade receivables, other current assets, and other assets. These amounts included allowances for estimated uncollectible accounts to reflect any loss anticipated on the accounts receivable balances including any accrued interest receivables thereon. The Company estimates uncollectible accounts by pooling receivables according to type, region, credit risk rating, and age. Each pool is assigned an expected loss co-efficient to arrive at a general reserve based on historical write-offs adjusted, as needed, for regional, economic, and other forward-looking factors. The Company minimizes credit risk due to the large and diversified nature of its worldwide customer base. ADM manages its exposure to counter-party credit risk through credit analysis and approvals, credit limits, and monitoring procedures. Long-term receivables recorded in other assets were not material to the Company’s overall receivables portfolio. 8 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 1. Basis of Presentation (Continued) Changes to the allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31 2023 2022 Beginning, January 1 $ 199 $ 122 Current year provisions 4 22 Recoveries 1 1 Write-offs against allowance ( 24 ) ( 1 ) Foreign exchange translation adjustment 1 — Other 1 ( 7 ) Ending, March 31 $ 182 $ 137 Write-offs against allowance in the current quarter related primarily to allowance on receivables that were subsequently sold. Inventories Certain merchandisable agricultural commodity inventories, which include inventories acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at market value. In addition, the Company values certain inventories using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The following table sets forth the Company’s inventories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (In millions) Raw materials and supplies $ 6,310 $ 6,975 Finished goods 8,461 7,796 Total inventories $ 14,771 $ 14,771 Included in raw materials and supplies are work in process inventories which were not material as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Cost Method Investments Cost method investments of $ 489 million and $ 488 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in Other Assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Revaluation gains of $ 34 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 in connection with observable third-party transactions, were recorded in interest and investment income in the Company's consolidated statements of earnings. There were no revaluation gains in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Operations in Ukraine and Russia ADM employs approximately 640 people in Ukraine and operates an oilseeds crushing plant, a grain port terminal, inland and river silos, and a trading office. Facilities have been temporarily idled since February 24, 2022, most of which were brought back online by March 31, 2023, due in part to the opening of the Black Sea grain export corridor. The Company’s footprint in Russia is limited to operations related to the production and transport of essential food commodities and ingredients. 9 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 1. Basis of Presentation (Continued) As a result of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, the Company reviewed the valuation of its assets and concluded that as of March 31, 2023, receivables, net of allowances, are deemed collectible and market inventories are valued appropriately. The temporarily idled property, plant, and equipment, which are immaterial, are not considered impaired. The Company also evaluated the impact of Russia’s announcement of its purported annexation of four Ukrainian regions on the valuation of ADM’s assets in those regions and concluded that the assets are appropriately valued. As the conflict in Ukraine evolves, the Company will continue to review the valuation of these assets and make any required adjustments, which are not expected to be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Note 2. New Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the amended guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 805, Business Combinations , which improves comparability for both the recognition and measurement of acquired revenue contracts with customers at the date of and after a business combination. The amended guidance requires an entity (acquirer) to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , (Topic 606). The Company’s adoption of this amended guidance did not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the amended guidance of ASC Subtopic 405-50, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs, which enhances the transparency of supplier finance programs. The amended guidance requires an entity (buyer) in a supplier finance program to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. ADM has Supplier Payable Programs (“SPP”) with financial institutions which act as its paying agents for payables due to certain of its suppliers. The Company has neither an economic interest in a supplier’s participation in the SPP nor a direct financial relationship with the financial institutions, and has concluded that its obligations to the suppliers, including amounts due and scheduled payment terms, are not impacted by their participation in the SPP. Accordingly, amounts associated with the SPP continue to be classified in current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and in operating activities in its consolidated statement of cash flows. The supplier invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program require payment in full generally within 90 days of the invoice date. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s outstanding payment obligations that suppliers had elected to sell to the financial institutions were $ 247 million and $ 196 million, respectively. Through December 31, 2024, the Company has the option to adopt the amended guidance of ASC Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform , which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amended guidance do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2024, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2024, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company plans to adopt the expedients and exceptions provided by the amended guidance before the December 31, 2024 expiry date and does not expect the adoption of the amended guidance to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements. 10 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 3. Revenues Revenue Recognition The Company principally generates revenue from merchandising and transporting agricultural commodities, and manufacturing products for use in food, beverages, feed, energy, and industrial applications, and ingredients and solutions for human and animal nutrition. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with a customer. The Company follows a policy of recognizing revenue at a single point in time when it satisfies its performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers have one performance obligation and a contract duration of one year or less. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 10-50-14 of Topic 606 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. For transportation service contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the mode of transportation moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. The Company recognized revenue from transportation service contracts of $ 178 million and $ 175 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Topic 610-20). Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs related to contracts with customers for the sale of goods are accounted for as a fulfillment activity and are included in cost of products sold. Accordingly, amounts billed to customers for such costs are included as a component of revenues. Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities The Company does not include taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers, in the measurement of transaction prices or as a component of revenues and cost of products sold. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities relate to advance payments from customers for goods and services that the Company has yet to provide. Contract liabilities of $ 473 million and $ 694 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were recorded in accrued expenses and other payables in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities recognized as revenues were $ 362 million and $ 324 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 11 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 3. Revenues (Continued) Disaggregation of Revenues The following tables present revenue disaggregated by timing of recognition and major product lines for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Topic 606 Revenue Topic 815 (1) Total (In millions) Point in Time Over Time Total Revenue Revenues Ag Services and Oilseeds Ag Services $ 1,017 $ 178 $ 1,195 $ 10,500 $ 11,695 Crushing 191 — 191 3,492 3,683 Refined Products and Other 626 — 626 2,575 3,201 Total Ag Services and Oilseeds 1,834 178 2,012 16,567 18,579 Carbohydrate Solutions Starches and Sweeteners 2,084 — 2,084 653 2,737 Vantage Corn Processors 800 — 800 — 800 Total Carbohydrate Solutions 2,884 — 2,884 653 3,537 Nutrition Human Nutrition 936 — 936 — 936 Animal Nutrition 917 — 917 — 917 Total Nutrition 1,853 — 1,853 — 1,853 Other Business 103 — 103 — 103 Total Revenues $ 6,674 $ 178 $ 6,852 $ 17,220 $ 24,072 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Topic 606 Revenue Topic 815 (1) Total (In millions) Point in Time Over Time Total Revenue Revenues Ag Services and Oilseeds Ag Services $ 970 $ 175 $ 1,145 $ 10,702 $ 11,847 Crushing 125 — 125 3,097 3,222 Refined Products and Other 632 — 632 2,552 3,184 Total Ag Services and Oilseeds 1,727 175 1,902 16,351 18,253 Carbohydrate Solutions Starches and Sweeteners 1,930 — 1,930 568 2,498 Vantage Corn Processors 868 — 868 — 868 Total Carbohydrate Solutions 2,798 — 2,798 568 3,366 Nutrition Human Nutrition 958 — 958 — 958 Animal Nutrition 966 — 966 — 966 Total Nutrition 1,924 — 1,924 — 1,924 Other Business 107 — 107 — 107 Total Revenues $ 6,556 $ 175 $ 6,731 $ 16,919 $ 23,650 (1) Topic 815 revenue relates to the physical delivery or the settlement of the Company’s sales contracts that are accounted for as derivatives and are outside the scope of Topic 606. 12 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 3. Revenues (Continued) Ag Services and Oilseeds The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment generates revenue from the sale of commodities, from service fees for the transportation of goods, from the sale of products manufactured in its global processing facilities, and from its structured trade finance activities. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or providing service to a customer. For transportation service contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time as the mode of transportation moves towards its destination in accordance with the transfer of control guidance of Topic 606. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contractually specified price, which may include freight or other contractually specified cost components. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20. The Company engages in various structured trade finance activities to leverage its global trade flows whereby the Company obtains letters of credit (LCs) to guarantee payments on both global purchases and sales of grain. LCs guaranteeing payment on grain sales are sold on a non-recourse basis with no continuing involvement. The Company earns returns from the difference in interest rates between the LCs that guarantee payment on the underlying purchases and sales of grain given the differing risk profiles of the underlying transactions. The net return related to structured trade finance activities is included in revenue and is not significant for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Carbohydrate Solutions The Carbohydrate Solutions segment generates revenue from the sale of products manufactured at the Company’s global corn and wheat milling facilities around the world. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. Products are shipped to customers from the Company’s various facilities and from its network of storage terminals. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration specified in the contract, which could include freight and other costs depending on the specific shipping terms of each contract. For physically settled derivative sales contracts that are outside the scope of Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the inventory is transferred within the meaning of Topic 606 as required by Topic 610-20. Nutrition The Nutrition segment sells ingredients and solutions including plant-based proteins, natural flavors, flavor systems, natural colors, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, botanical extracts, edible beans, formula feeds, animal health and nutrition products, pet food and treats, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. Revenue is recognized when control over products is transferred to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized follows the contracted price or the mutually agreed price of the product. Freight and shipping are recognized as a component of revenue at the same time control transfers to the customer. Other Business Other Business includes the Company’s futures commission business whose primary sources of revenue are commissions and brokerage income generated from executing orders and clearing futures contracts and options on futures contracts on behalf of its customers. Commissions and brokerage revenue are recognized on the date the transaction is executed. Other Business also includes the Company’s captive insurance business, which generates third party revenue through its proportionate share of premiums from third-party reinsurance pools. Reinsurance premiums are recognized on a straight-line basis over the period underlying the policy. 13 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements The following tables set forth, by level, the Company’s assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total (In millions) Assets: Inventories carried at market $ — $ 5,654 $ 3,503 $ 9,157 Unrealized derivative gains: Commodity contracts — 959 649 1,608 Foreign currency contracts — 238 — 238 Cash equivalents 397 — — 397 Segregated investments 1,916 — — 1,916 Total Assets $ 2,313 $ 6,851 $ 4,152 $ 13,316 Liabilities: Unrealized derivative losses: Commodity contracts $ — $ 656 $ 455 $ 1,111 Foreign currency contracts — 211 — 211 Debt conversion option — — 1 1 Inventory-related payables — 2,235 57 2,292 Total Liabilities $ — $ 3,102 $ 513 $ 3,615 14 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total (In millions) Assets: Inventories carried at market $ — $ 6,281 $ 2,760 $ 9,041 Unrealized derivative gains: Commodity contracts — 796 541 1,337 Foreign currency contracts — 258 — 258 Interest rate contracts — 109 — 109 Cash equivalents 405 — — 405 Segregated investments 1,453 — — 1,453 Total Assets $ 1,858 $ 7,444 $ 3,301 $ 12,603 Liabilities: Unrealized derivative losses: Commodity contracts $ — $ 665 $ 603 $ 1,268 Foreign currency contracts — 275 — 275 Debt conversion option — — 6 6 Inventory-related payables — 1,181 89 1,270 Total Liabilities $ — $ 2,121 $ 698 $ 2,819 Estimated fair values for inventories and inventory-related payables carried at market are based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted for differences in local markets and quality, referred to as basis. Market valuations for the Company’s inventories are adjusted for location and quality (basis) because the exchange-quoted prices represent contracts that have standardized terms for commodity, quantity, future delivery period, delivery location, and commodity quality or grade. The basis adjustments are generally determined using the inputs from competitor and broker quotations or market transactions and are considered observable. Basis adjustments are impacted by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these basis adjustments. In some cases, the basis adjustments are unobservable because they are supported by little to no market activity. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact (more than 10%) on the measurement of fair value, the inventory is classified in Level 3. Changes in the fair value of inventories are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold. 15 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) Derivative contracts include exchange-traded commodity futures and options contracts, forward commodity purchase and sale contracts, and OTC instruments related primarily to agricultural commodities, energy, interest rates, and foreign currencies. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified in Level 1. The majority of the Company’s exchange-traded futures and options contracts are cash-settled on a daily basis and, therefore, are not included in these tables. Fair value for forward commodity purchase and sale contracts is estimated based on exchange-quoted prices adjusted for differences in local markets. Market valuations for the Company’s forward commodity purchase and sale contracts are adjusted for location (basis) because the exchange-quoted prices represent contracts that have standardized terms for commodity, quantity, future delivery period, delivery location, and commodity quality or grade. The basis adjustments are generally determined using inputs from competitor and broker quotations or market transactions and are considered observable. Basis adjustments are impacted by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these basis adjustments. In some cases, the basis adjustments are unobservable because they are supported by little to no market activity. When observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the contract, it is classified in Level 2. When unobservable inputs have a significant impact (more than 10%) on the measurement of fair value, the contract is classified in Level 3. Except for certain derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of commodity-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of cost of products sold. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of revenues, cost of products sold, and other (income) expense - net, depending upon the purpose of the contract. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as effective cash flow hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of AOCI until the hedged items are recorded in earnings or it is probable the hedged transaction will no longer occur. The Company’s cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds valued using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1. The Company’s segregated investments are comprised of U.S. Treasury securities. U.S. Treasury securities are valued using quoted market prices and are classified in Level 1. The debt conversion option is the equity linked embedded derivative related to the exchangeable bonds. The fair value of the embedded derivative is included in long-term debt, with changes in fair value recognized as interest, and is valued with the assistance of a third-party pricing service (a level 3 measurement). The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at March 31, 2023 Inventories Carried at Market Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains Total Assets (In millions) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 2,760 $ 541 $ 3,301 Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* 2 477 479 Purchases 8,665 — 8,665 Sales ( 8,254 ) — ( 8,254 ) Settlements — ( 382 ) ( 382 ) Transfers into Level 3 605 50 655 Transfers out of Level 3 ( 275 ) ( 37 ) ( 312 ) Ending balance, March 31, 2023 $ 3,503 $ 649 $ 4,152 * Includes increase in unrealized gains of $ 632 million relating to Level 3 assets still held at March 31, 2023. 16 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at March 31, 2023 Inventory- related Payables Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses Debt Conversion Option Total Liabilities (In millions) Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 89 $ 603 $ 6 $ 698 Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold and interest expense* ( 2 ) 243 ( 5 ) 236 Purchases 2 — — 2 Sales — — — — Settlements ( 31 ) ( 424 ) — ( 455 ) Transfers into Level 3 — 39 — 39 Transfers out of Level 3 ( 1 ) ( 6 ) — ( 7 ) Ending balance, March 31, 2023 $ 57 $ 455 $ 1 $ 513 * Includes increase in unrealized losses of $ 248 million relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at March 31, 2023. The following table presents a rollforward of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Level 3 Fair Value Asset Measurements at March 31, 2022 Inventories Carried at Market Commodity Derivative Contracts Gains Total Assets (In millions) Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 3,004 $ 460 $ 3,464 Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized gains included in cost of products sold* 647 633 1,280 Purchases 9,552 — 9,552 Sales ( 9,315 ) — ( 9,315 ) Settlements — ( 276 ) ( 276 ) Transfers into Level 3 327 23 350 Transfers out of Level 3 ( 256 ) ( 12 ) ( 268 ) Ending balance, March 31, 2022 $ 3,959 $ 828 $ 4,787 * Includes increase in unrealized gains of $ 1.4 billion relating to Level 3 assets still held at March 31, 2022. 17 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) The following table presents a rollforward of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Level 3 Fair Value Liability Measurements at March 31, 2022 Inventory- related Payables Commodity Derivative Contracts Losses Debt Conversion Option Total Liabilities (In millions) Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 106 $ 815 $ 15 $ 936 Total increase (decrease) in net realized/unrealized losses included in cost of products sold and interest expense* ( 2 ) 1,376 15 1,389 Purchases 2 — — 2 Sales ( 53 ) — — ( 53 ) Settlements — ( 478 ) — ( 478 ) Transfers into Level 3 — 161 — 161 Transfers out of Level 3 — ( 18 ) — ( 18 ) Ending balance, March 31, 2022 $ 53 $ 1,856 $ 30 $ 1,939 * Includes increase in unrealized losses of $ 1.4 billion relating to Level 3 liabilities still held at March 31, 2022. Transfers into Level 3 of assets and liabilities previously classified in Level 2 were due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts rising above the 10% threshold. Transfers out of Level 3 were primarily due to the relative value of unobservable inputs to the total fair value measurement of certain products and derivative contracts falling below the 10% threshold and thus permitting reclassification to Level 2. In some cases, the price components that result in differences between exchange-traded prices and local prices for inventories and commodity purchase and sale contracts are observable based upon available quotations for these pricing components, and in some cases, the differences are unobservable. These price components primarily include transportation costs and other adjustments required due to location, quality, or other contract terms. In the table below, these other adjustments are referred to as basis. The changes in unobservable price components are determined by specific local supply and demand characteristics at each facility and the overall market. Factors such as substitute products, weather, fuel costs, contract terms, and futures prices also impact the movement of these unobservable price components. 18 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued) The following table sets forth the weighted average percentage of the unobservable price components included in the Company’s Level 3 valuations as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company’s Level 3 measurements may include basis only, transportation cost only, or both price components. As an example, for Level 3 inventories with basis, the unobservable component as of March 31, 2023 is a weighted average 22.2 % of the total price for assets and 20.9 % of the total price for liabilities. Weighted Average % of Total Price March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Component Type Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Inventories and Related Payables Basis 22.2 % 20.9 % 19.4 % 15.2 % Transportation cost 12.4 % — % 10.5 % — % Commodity Derivative Contracts Basis 23.9 % 22.3 % 22.7 % 26.5 % Transportation cost 13.9 % 0.7 % 13.5 % 3.7 % In certain of the Company’s principal markets, the Company relies on price quotes from third parties to value its inventories and physical commodity purchase and sale contracts. These price quotes are generally not further adjusted by the Company in determining the applicable market price. In some cases, availability of third-party quotes is limited to only one or two independent sources. In these situations, absent other corroborating evidence, the Company considers these price quotes as 100% unobservable and, therefore, the fair value of these items is reported in Level 3. Note 5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments The majority of the Company’s derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The Company uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts to manage its net position of merchandisable agricultural product inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in agricultural commodities and foreign currencies. The Company also uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts as components of merchandising strategies designed to enhance margins. The results of these strategies can be significantly impacted by factors such as the correlation between the value of exchange-traded commodities futures contracts and the value of the underlying commodities, counterparty contract defaults, and volatility of freight markets. Derivatives, including exchange-traded contracts and forward commodity purchase or sale contracts, and inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural products, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at fair value or market value. Inventory is not a derivative and therefore fair values of and changes in fair values of inventories are not included in the tables below. The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities (In millions) Foreign Currency Contracts $ 176 $ 79 $ 154 $ 275 Commodity Contracts 1,608 1,102 1,337 1,248 Debt Conversion Option — 1 — 6 Total $ 1,784 $ 1,182 $ 1,491 $ 1,529 19 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued) The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Other expense (income) - net Cost of Interest (In millions) Revenues products sold expense Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Consolidated Statement of Earnings $ 24,072 $ 21,992 $ ( 44 ) $ 147 Pre-tax gains (losses) on: Foreign Currency Contracts $ ( 11 ) $ 95 $ ( 16 ) $ — Commodity Contracts — 440 — — Debt Conversion Option — — — 5 Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings $ ( 11 ) $ 535 $ ( 16 ) $ 5 $ 513 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Consolidated Statement of Earnings $ 23,650 $ 21,753 $ ( 33 ) $ 92 Pre-tax gains (losses) on: Foreign Currency Contracts $ ( 38 ) $ 443 $ 23 $ — Commodity Contracts — ( 1,101 ) — — Debt Conversion Option — — — ( 15 ) Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings $ ( 38 ) $ ( 658 ) $ 23 $ ( 15 ) $ ( 688 ) Changes in the market value of inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, inventory-related payables, forward cash purchase and sales contracts, exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts are recognized in earnings immediately as a component of cost of products sold. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency-related derivatives are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings as a component of revenues, cost of products sold, and other (income) expense - net depending on the purpose of the contract. Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedging Strategies The Company had certain derivatives designated as cash flow and net investment hedges as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flow that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of AOCI and as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows, and is reclassified into earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and gains and losses related to discontinued hedges are recognized in the consolidated statement of earnings during the current period. Commodity Contracts For each of the hedge programs described below, the derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in the market value of such derivative contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item. Once the hedged item is recognized in earnings, the gains and losses arising from the hedge are reclassified from AOCI to either revenues or cost of products sold, as applicable. 20 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued) The Company uses futures or options contracts to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of corn to be purchased and processed in a future month. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s forecasted purchases of corn. The Company’s corn processing plants normally grind approximately 65 million bushels of corn per month. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 17 % and 33 % of its monthly grind. At March 31, 2023, the Company had designated hedges representing between 1 % and 31 % of its anticipated monthly grind of corn for the next 12 months. The Company, from time to time, also uses futures, options, and swaps to hedge the sales price of certain ethanol sales contracts. The Company has established hedging programs for ethanol sales contracts that are indexed to unleaded gasoline prices and to various exchange-traded ethanol contracts. The objective of these hedging programs is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s sales of ethanol. During the past 12 months and as of March 31, 2023, the Company had no hedges related to ethanol sales under these programs. The Company uses futures and options contracts to hedge the purchase price of the anticipated volumes of soybeans to be purchased and processed in a future month for certain of its U.S. soybean crush facilities, subject to certain program limits. The Company also uses futures or options contracts to hedge the sales prices of anticipated soybean meal and soybean oil sales proportionate to the soybean crushing process at these facilities, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 94 % and 100 % of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities. At March 31, 2023, the Company had designated hedges representing between 0 % and 100 % of the anticipated monthly soybean crush for soybean purchases and soybean meal and oil sales at the designated facilities over the next 12 months. The Company uses futures and OTC swaps to hedge the purchase price of anticipated volumes of natural gas consumption in a future month for certain of its facilities in North America and Europe, subject to certain program limits. During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 74 % and 93 % of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption at the designated facilities. At March 31, 2023, the Company had designated hedges representing between 37 % and 80 % of the anticipated monthly natural gas consumption over the next 12 months. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had after-tax losses of $ 65 million and $ 17 million in AOCI, respectively, related to gains and losses from these programs. The Company expects to recognize $ 63 million of the March 31, 2023 after-tax losses in its consolidated statement of earnings during the next 12 months. Interest Rate Contracts The Company used swap locks designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the changes in the forecasted interest payments due to changes in the benchmark rate leading up to future bond issuance dates. The terms of the swap locks matched the terms of the forecasted interest payments. The deferred gains and losses will be recognized in interest expense over the period in which the related interest payments will be paid. The Company executed swap locks maturing on various dates with an aggregate notional amount of $ 400 million as of December 31, 2022. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company unwound the swap locks in anticipation of the April 3, 2023 debt issuance. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had after-tax gains of $ 79 million and $ 82 million in AOCI, respectively, related to the swap locks. The Company expects to recognize amounts deferred in AOCI in its consolidated statement of earnings during the life of the debt instruments. Foreign Currency Contracts The Company uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forwards designated as net investment hedges to protect the Company’s investment in a foreign subsidiary against changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company executed USD-fixed to Euro-fixed cross-currency swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $ 0.8 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and foreign exchange forwards with an aggregate notional amount of $ 2.8 billion and $ 2.5 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had after-tax gains of $ 54 million and $ 79 million in AOCI, respectively, related to foreign exchange gains and losses from net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested. 21 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued) The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities (In millions) Commodity Contracts $ — $ 9 $ — $ 20 Foreign Currency Contracts 62 132 104 $ — Interest Rate Contracts — — 109 — Total $ 62 $ 141 $ 213 $ 20 The following table sets forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Cost of products sold (In millions) Revenues Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Consolidated Statement of Earnings $ 24,072 $ 21,992 Effective amounts recognized in earnings Pre-tax gains (losses) on: Commodity Contracts — ( 104 ) Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings $ — $ ( 104 ) $ ( 104 ) Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Consolidated Statement of Earnings $ 23,650 $ 21,753 Effective amounts recognized in earnings Pre-tax gains (losses) on: Commodity Contracts — 98 Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings $ — $ 98 $ 98 Other Net Investment Hedging Strategies The Company has designated € 1.3 billion of its outstanding long-term debt and commercial paper borrowings at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 as hedges of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had after-tax gains of $ 208 million and $ 228 million in AOCI, respectively, related to foreign exchange gains and losses from the net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested. 22 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 6. Other Current Assets The following table sets forth the items in other current assets: March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 (In millions) Unrealized gains on derivative contracts $ 1,846 $ 1,704 Margin deposits and grain accounts 605 723 Customer omnibus receivable 1,174 1,309 Financing receivables - net (1) 170 235 Insurance premiums receivable 26 54 Prepaid expenses 444 443 Biodiesel tax credit 88 68 Tax receivables 407 616 Non-trade receivables (2) 544 361 Other current assets 144 153 $ 5,448 $ 5,666 (1) The Company provides financing to certain suppliers, primarily Brazilian farmers, to finance a portion of the suppliers’ production costs. The amounts are reported net of allowances of $ 4 million and $ 3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Interest earned on financing receivables of $ 6 million and $ 4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is included in interest and investment income in the consolidated statements of earnings. (2) Non-trade receivables as of March 31, 2023 included dividends receivable of $ 116 million. 23 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 7. Accrued Expenses and Other Payables The following table sets forth the items in accrued expenses and other payables: March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 (In millions) Unrealized losses on derivative contracts $ 1,322 $ 1,543 Accrued compensation 287 475 Income tax payable 144 248 Other taxes payable 141 136 Insurance claims payable 292 223 Contract liability 473 694 Other accruals and payables 1,322 1,476 $ 3,981 $ 4,795 Note 8. Debt and Financing Arrangements During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, Archer Daniels Midland Singapore, Pte. Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, increased its revolving credit facility from $ 500 million to $ 750 million. The facility is used to finance working capital requirements and for and general corporate purposes. At March 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt was below the carrying value by $ 0.1 billion, as estimated using quoted market prices (a Level 2 measurement under applicable accounting standards). At March 31, 2023, the Company had lines of credit, including the accounts receivable securitization programs described below, totaling $ 13.3 billion, of which $ 8.9 billion was unused. Of the Company’s total lines of credit, $ 5.0 billion supported the combined U.S. and European commercial paper borrowing programs, against which there was $ 0.8 billion commercial paper outstanding at March 31, 2023. The Company has accounts receivable securitization programs (the “Programs”). The Programs provide the Company with up to $ 2.9 billion in funding resulting from the sale of accounts receivable with $ 0.3 billion unused capacity as of March 31, 2023. Note 9. Income Taxes The Company’s effective tax rate was 16.1 % for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 16.3 % for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in the rate was primarily due to the impact of discrete tax items, partially offset by changes in the geographic mix of forecasted earnings. On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“Inflation Act”), which includes, among other provisions, changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, including a 15 % minimum tax based on “adjusted financial statement income” and a one percent excise tax on net repurchases of stock for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The Company’s adoption of the Inflation Act did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 24 A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 9. Income Taxes (Continued) The Company is subject to income taxation and routine examinations in many jurisdictions around the world and frequently faces challenges regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges include positions taken by the Company related to the timing, nature, and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In its routine evaluations of the exposure associated with various tax filing positions, the Company recognizes a liability, when necessary, for estimated potential tax owed by the Company in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Resolution of the related tax positions, through negotiations with relevant tax authorities or through litigation, may take years to complete. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the timing for resolution of tax positions and the Company cannot predict or provide assurance as to the ultimate outcome of these ongoing or future examinations. However, the Company does not anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease significantly in the next twelve months. Given the long periods of time involved in resolving tax positions, the Company does not expect that the recognition of unrecognized tax benefits will have a material impact on the Company’s effective income tax rate in any given period. The Company’s subsidiary in Argentina, ADM Agro SRL (formerly ADM Argentina SA and Alfred C. Toepfer Argentina SRL), received tax assessments challenging transfer prices used to price grain exports for the tax years 1999 through 2011, 2014 and 2015. As of March 31, 2023, these assessments totaled $ 4 million in tax and up to $ 22 million in interest (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). The Argentine tax authorities conducted a review of income and other taxes paid by large exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities resulting in allegations of income tax evasion. The Company strongly believes that it has complied with all Argentine tax laws. Currently the Company is under audit for fiscal years 2016 to 2017. While the statute of limitations has expired for tax years 2012 and 2013, the Company cannot rule out receiving additional assessments challenging transfer prices used to price grain exports for years subsequent to 2015. The Company believes that it has appropriately evaluated the transactions underlying these assessments, and has concluded, based on Argentine tax law, that its tax position is more likely than not to be sustained based upon its technical merits, and accordingly, has not recorded a tax liability for these assessments. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position against any assessments. In 2014, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, ADM Europe B.V., received a tax assessment from the Netherlands tax authority challenging the transfer pricing aspects of a 2009 business reorganization, which involved two of its subsidiary companies in the Netherlands. As of March 31, 2023, this assessment was $ 88 million in tax and $ 32 million in interest (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). On April 23, 2020, the court issued an unfavorable ruling and in October 2020, assigned a third party expert to establish a valuation. During the second quarter of 2021, the third party expert issued a final valuation. On September 30, 2022, the court issued a ruling consistent with the valuation report, and the Dutch tax authorities have filed an appeal. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, ADM filed a cross-appeal. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has accrued its best estimate of what it believes will be the likely outcome of the litigation. 25 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The following tables set forth the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the reclassifications out of AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022: Three months ended March 31, 2023 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Deferred Gain (Loss) on Hedging Activities Pension Liability Adjustment Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments Total (In millions) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ ( 2,622 ) $ 148 $ ( 22 ) $ ( 13 ) $ ( 2,509 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 234 ( 208 ) 5 4 35 Gain (loss) on net investment hedges ( 78 ) — — — ( 78 ) Amounts reclassified from AOCI — 104 ( 31 ) — 73 Tax effect 14 16 ( 13 ) ( 1 ) 16 Net of tax amount 170 ( 88 ) ( 39 ) 3 46 Balance at March 31, 2023 $ ( 2,452 ) $ 60 $ ( 61 ) $ ( 10 ) $ ( 2,463 ) Amount reclassified from AOCI Three months ended March 31, Affected line item in the consolidated statements of earnings Details about AOCI components 2023 2022 (In millions) Deferred loss (gain) on hedging activities $ 104 $ ( 98 ) Cost of products sold 104 ( 98 ) Total before tax ( 18 ) 19 Tax $ 86 $ ( 79 ) Net of tax Pension liability adjustment Amortization of defined benefit pension items: Prior service loss (credit) $ ( 11 ) $ 8 Other (income) expense-net Actuarial losses ( 20 ) 23 Other (income) expense-net ( 31 ) 31 Total before tax ( 12 ) ( 6 ) Tax $ ( 43 ) $ 25 Net of tax The Company’s accounting policy is to release the income tax effects from AOCI when the individual units of account are sold, terminated, or extinguished. 26 Archer-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 11. Other (Income) Expense - Net The following table sets forth the items in other (income) expense: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 (In millions) Gains on sales of assets $ ( 11 ) $ — Other – net ( 33 ) ( 33 ) Other (Income) Expense - Net $ ( 44 ) $ ( 33 ) Gains on sales of assets in the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of gains on sales of certain assets and disposals of individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business. Other - net in the three months ended March 31, 2023 included the non-service components of net pension benefit income of $ 4 million, net foreign exchange gains, and other net income. Other - net in the three months ended March 31, 2022 included the non-service components of net pension benefit income of $ 6 million, net foreign exchange gains, and other net income. Note 12. Segment Information The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into three reportable business segments: Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard , and are classified as Other Business. Intersegment sales have been recorded at amounts approximating market. Operating profit for each segment is based on net sales less identifiable operating expenses. Also included in operating profit for each segment is equity in earnings of affiliates based on the equity method of accounting. Specified items included in total segment operating profit and certain corporate items are not allocated to the Company’s individual business segments because operating performance of each business segment is evaluated by management exclusive of these items. Corporate results principally include unallocated corporate expenses, interest cost net of interest income, and revaluation gains and losses on cost method investments and the share of the results of equity investments in early-stage start-up companies that ADM Ventures has investments in. For more information about the Company’s business segments, refer to Note 17 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. 27 A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 12. Segment Information (Continued) Three Months Ended March 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 Gross revenues Ag Services and Oilseeds $ 19,914 $ 19,132 Carbohydrate Solutions 4,266 4,180 Nutrition 1,944 1,966 Other Business 103 107 Intersegment elimination ( 2,155 ) ( 1,735 ) Total gross revenues $ 24,072 $ 23,650 Intersegment sales Ag Services and Oilseeds $ 1,335 $ 879 Carbohydrate Solutions 729 814 Nutrition 91 42 Total intersegment sales $ 2,155 $ 1,735 Revenues from external customers Ag Services and Oilseeds Ag Services $ 11,695 $ 11,847 Crushing 3,683 3,222 Refined Products and Other 3,201 3,184 Total Ag Services and Oilseeds 18,579 18,253 Carbohydrate Solutions Starches and Sweeteners 2,737 2,498 Vantage Corn Processors 800 868 Total Carbohydrate Solutions 3,537 3,366 Nutrition Human Nutrition 936 958 Animal Nutrition 917 966 Total Nutrition 1,853 1,924 Other Business 103 107 Total revenues from external customers $ 24,072 $ 23,650 28 A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 12. Segment Information (Continued) Three Months Ended March 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 Segment operating profit Ag Services and Oilseeds $ 1,210 $ 1,008 Carbohydrate Solutions 273 317 Nutrition 145 189 Other Business 97 42 Specified Items: Gains on sales of assets (1) 1 1 Impairment, restructuring, and settlement charges (2) ( 7 ) ( 18 ) Total segment operating profit 1,719 1,539 Corporate ( 322 ) ( 268 ) Earnings before income taxes $ 1,397 $ 1,271 (1) Current and prior-year quarter gains were related to the sale of certain assets. (2) Current quarter charges were related to the impairment of certain assets and restructuring. Prior-year quarter charges were related to the impairment of certain Ukraine assets, partially offset by an insurance settlement. Note 13. Asset Impairment, Exit, and Restructuring Costs Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of $ 3 million of impairments related to certain long-lived assets and $ 4 million of restructuring charges, presented as specified items within segment operating profit. Asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs in the three months ended March 31, 2022 consisted of immaterial charges. Note 14. Sale of Accounts Receivable The Company has an accounts receivable securitization program (the “First Program”) with certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers (collectively, the “First Purchasers”). Under the First Program, certain U.S.-originated trade accounts receivable are sold to a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote entity, ADM Receivables, LLC (“ADM Receivables”). ADM Receivables transfers certain of the purchased accounts receivable to each of the First Purchasers together with a security interest in all of its right, title, and interest in the remaining purchased accounts receivable. In exchange, ADM Receivables receives a cash payment of up to $ 1.8 billion for the accounts receivable transferred. The First Program terminates on May 18, 2023, unless extended. The Company also has an accounts receivable securitization program (the “Second Program”) with certain commercial paper conduit purchasers and committed purchasers (collectively, the “Second Purchasers”). Under the Second Program, certain non-U.S.-originated trade accounts receivable are sold to a wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote entity, ADM Ireland Receivables Company (ADM Ireland Receivables). ADM Ireland Receivables transfers certain of the purchased accounts receivable to each of the Second Purchasers together with a security interest in all of its right, title, and interest in the remaining purchased accounts receivable. In exchange, ADM Ireland Receivables receives a cash payment of up to $ 1.1 billion (€ 1.0 billion), as amended, for the accounts receivables transferred. The Second Program terminates on February 20, 2024, unless extended. Under the First and Second Programs (collectively, the “Programs”), ADM Receivables and ADM Ireland Receivables use the cash proceeds from the transfer of receivables to the First Purchasers and Second Purchasers (collectively, the “Purchasers”) and other consideration, as applicable, to finance the purchase of receivables from the Company and the ADM subsidiaries originating the receivables. The Company accounts for these transfers as sales. The Company acts as a servicer for the transferred receivables. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not record a servicing asset or liability related to its retained responsibility, based on its assessment of the servicing fee, market values for similar transactions, and its cost of servicing the receivables sold. 29 A rcher-Daniels-Midland Company Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) (Unaudited) Note 14. Sale of Accounts Receivable (Continued) As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of trade receivables transferred to the Purchasers under the Programs and derecognized from the Company’s consolidated balance sheets was $ 2.6 billion. Total receivables sold were $ 15.1 billion and $ 14.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash collections from customers on receivables sold were $ 14.8 billion and $ 13.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, receivables pledged as collateral to the Purchasers was $ 0.6 billion. Transfers of receivables under the Programs resulted in an expense for the loss on sale of $ 23 million and $ 5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is classified as selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings. All cash flows under the Programs are classified as operating activities because the cash received from the Purchasers upon both the sale and collection of the receivables is not subject to significant interest rate risk given the short-term nature of the Company’s trade receivables. Note 15. Subsequent Event On April 3, 2023 , the Company issued $ 500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.500 % Notes due August 15, 2033 . Net proceeds before expenses were $ 493 million. 30 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Company Overview This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. ADM is an indispensable global agricultural supply chain manager and processor; a premier human and animal nutrition provider; a trailblazer in groundbreaking solutions to support healthier living; an industry-leading innovator in replacing petroleum-based products; and a leader in sustainability. It is one of the world’s leading producers of ingredients for sustainable nutrition. The Company uses its significant global asset base to originate and transport agricultural commodities, connecting to markets in over 190 countries. The Company also processes corn, oilseeds, and wheat into products for food, animal feed, industrial, and energy uses. The Company also engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of a wide array of ingredients and solutions including plant-based proteins, natural flavors, flavor systems, natural colors, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, botanical extracts, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Company uses its global asset network, business acumen, and its relationships with suppliers and customers to efficiently connect the harvest to the home thereby generating returns for its shareholders, principally from margins earned on these activities. The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into three reportable business segments: Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable business segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other Business. Financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments is set forth in Note 12 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 1 herein, “Financial Statements”. ADM’s recent significant portfolio actions and announcements include: • the opening in February 2023 of a new production facility in Valencia, Spain to help meet rising global demand for probiotics, postbiotics, and other products that support health and well-being; and • the announcement in March 2023 of the signing of a joint venture agreement with Marel, a leading provider of advanced food processing solutions, to build an innovation center in the heart of the Netherlands food valley at the Wageningen Campus, subject to regulatory approvals. Sustainability is a key driver in ADM’s expanding portfolio of environmentally responsible, plant-derived products. Consumers today increasingly expect their food and drink to come from sustainable ingredients, produced by companies that share their values, and ADM is continually finding new ways to meet those needs through its portfolio actions. The Company’s strategic transformation is focused on three strategic pillars: Productivity, Innovation, and Culture. The Productivity pillar includes (1) advancing the roles of the Company’s Centers of Excellence in procurement, supply chain, and operations to deliver additional efficiencies across the enterprise; (2) continued roll out of the 1ADM business transformation program and implementation of improved standardized business processes; and (3) increased use of technology, analytics, and automation at production facilities, in offices, and with customers. The Innovation pillar includes expansions and investments in (1) improving the customer experience by leveraging producer relationships and enhancing the use of state-of-the-art digital technology; (2) sustainability-driven innovation, which encompasses the full range of products, solutions, capabilities, and commitments to serve customers’ needs; and (3) growth initiatives, including organic growth with additional capacity to meet growing market demand and strategic objectives. The Culture pillar focuses on building capabilities and enabling collaboration, teamwork, and agility from process standardization and digitalization and ADM’s diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives, which bring new perspectives and expertise to the Company’s decision-making. ADM will support the three pillars with investments in technology, which include expanding digital capabilities and investing further in research and development. All of these efforts will continue to be strengthened by the Company’s ongoing commitment to its Readiness initiative as described in Part I Item 4 “Controls and Procedures” on page 42. 31 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued) Environmental and Social Responsibility The Company’s policy to protect forests, biodiversity, and communities includes provisions that promote conservation of water resources and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, promote solutions to reduce climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, and support agriculture as a means to advance sustainable development by reducing poverty and increasing food security. Additionally, the policy confirms ADM’s commitment to protect human rights defenders, whistleblowers, complainants, and community spokespersons; ADM’s aspiration to cooperate with all parties necessary to enable access to fair and just remediation; and the Company’s non-compliance protocol for suppliers. In 2022, the Company achieved full traceability of its direct and indirect sourcing throughout its soy supply chains in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. ADM aims to eliminate deforestation from all of the Company’s supply chains by 2025. The Company’s environmental goals, collectively called “Strive 35” – an ambitious plan to, by 2035, reduce from a 2019 baseline absolute Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 25 percent, reduce absolute Scope 3 emissions by 25 percent, reduce energy intensity by 15 percent, reduce water intensity by 10 percent, and achieve a 90 percent landfill diversion rate – are part of an aggressive plan to continue to reduce the Company’s environmental footprint. Operating Performance Indicators The Company is exposed to certain risks inherent to an agricultural-based commodity business. These risks are further described in Part I Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s Ag Services and Oilseeds operations are principally agricultural commodity-based businesses where changes in selling prices move in relationship to changes in prices of the commodity-based agricultural raw materials. As a result, changes in agricultural commodity prices have relatively equal impacts on both revenues and cost of products sold. Therefore, changes in revenues of these businesses do not necessarily correspond to changes in margins or gross profit. Thus, gross margins per volume or metric ton are more meaningful than gross margins as percentage of revenues. The Company’s Carbohydrate Solutions operations and Nutrition businesses also utilize agricultural commodities (or products derived from agricultural commodities) as raw materials. However, in these operations, agricultural commodity market price changes do not necessarily correlate to changes in cost of products sold. Therefore, changes in revenues of these businesses may correspond to changes in margins or gross profit. Thus, gross margin rates are more meaningful as a performance indicator in these businesses. The Company has consolidated subsidiaries in more than 70 countries. For the majority of the Company’s subsidiaries located outside the United States, the local currency is the functional currency except for certain significant subsidiaries in Switzerland where Euro is the functional currency, and Brazil and Argentina where U.S. dollar is the functional currency. Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the weighted average exchange rates for the applicable periods. For the majority of the Company’s business activities in Brazil and Argentina, the functional currency is the U.S. dollar; however, certain transactions, including taxes, occur in local currency and require remeasurement to the functional currency. Changes in revenues are expected to be correlated to changes in expenses reported by the Company caused by fluctuations in the exchange rates of foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, British pound, Canadian dollar, and Brazilian real, as compared to the U.S. dollar. Effective April 1, 2022, the Company changed the functional currency of its Turkish entities to the U.S. dollar which did not and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company measures its performance using key financial metrics including net earnings, adjusted earnings per share (EPS), gross margins, constant currency revenue and operating profit, segment operating profit, adjusted segment operating profit, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), adjusted EBITDA, return on invested capital, economic value added, and operating cash flows before working capital. Some of these metrics are not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures. For more information, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 38 and 39. The Company’s financial results can vary significantly due to changes in factors such as fluctuations in energy prices, weather conditions, crop plantings, government programs and policies, trade policies, changes in global demand, general global economic conditions, changes in standards of living, global production of similar and competitive crops, and geopolitical developments. Due to the unpredictable nature of these and other factors, the Company undertakes no responsibility for updating any forward-looking information contained within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” 32