Walmart Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Overview This discussion, which presents Walmart Inc.'s ("Walmart," the "Company," "our," "us" or "we") results for periods occurring in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2026 ("fiscal 2026") and the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025 ("fiscal 2025"), should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, and the accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended January 31, 2025, the accompanying notes and the related Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2025. Recent Developments, Macroeconomic Conditions and Potential Impacts We expect continued uncertainty in our business and the global economy due to tariffs and trade restrictions; inflationary trends; fluctuations in global currencies; swings in macroeconomic conditions and their effect on consumer confidence; volatility in employment trends; and supply chain pressures, any of which may impact our results. While we operate in a highly dynamic tariff environment, less than one third of what we sell in the U.S. is imported, with most of our imports coming from China, Mexico, Vietnam, India and Canada. We are committed to helping customers save money and live better through everyday low prices, supported by everyday low costs. Our operating results are influenced in part by our sourcing, pricing, merchandising, inventory management and other strategies in response to cost increases, which are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information on certain risks, factors, and uncertainties that can affect our operating results and an investment in our securities can be found herein under " Item 1A. Risk Factors " and " Item 5. Other Information ." In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Tax Act") was enacted, introducing a series of corporate tax changes in the U.S., including 100% bonus depreciation on qualified property and full expensing for research and development expenditures. The impacts of the Tax Act are reflected in our results for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2025, and there was no material impact to our income tax expense or effective tax rate. We expect certain provisions will decrease cash taxes paid in the current fiscal year and may change the timing of cash tax payments in future periods. For a detailed discussion on results of operations by reportable segment, refer to " Results of Operations " below. Company Performance Metrics We are committed to helping customers save money and live better through everyday low prices, supported by everyday low costs. At times, we adjust our business strategies to maintain and strengthen our competitive positions in the countries in which we operate. We define our financial priorities as follows: • Growth - serve customers through a seamless omnichannel experience; • Margin - improve our operating income margin through productivity initiatives as well as category and business mix; and • Returns - improve our Return on Investment through margin improvement and disciplined capital spend. Growth Our objective of prioritizing growth means we will focus on serving customers and members however they want to shop through our omnichannel business model. This includes increasing comparable store and club sales through increasing membership at Sam's Club U.S. and through Walmart+, accelerating eCommerce sales growth and expansion of omnichannel initiatives that complement our strategy. Comparable sales is a metric that indicates the performance of our existing stores and clubs by measuring the change in sales for such stores and clubs, including eCommerce sales, for a particular period over the corresponding period in the previous year. The retail industry generally reports comparable sales using the retail calendar (also known as the 4-5-4 calendar). To be consistent with the retail industry, we provide comparable sales using the retail calendar in our quarterly earnings releases. However, when we discuss our comparable sales below, we are referring to our calendar comparable sales calculated using our fiscal calendar, which may result in differences when compared to comparable sales using the retail calendar. We focus on comparable sales in the U.S. as we believe it is a meaningful metric within the context of the U.S. retail market where there is a single currency, one inflationary market and generally consistent store and club formats from year to year. 18 Table of Contents Calendar comparable sales, as well as the impact of fuel, for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, were as follows: Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 With Fuel Fuel Impact With Fuel Fuel Impact Walmart U.S. 4.7 % 4.2 % (0.1) % 0.0 % 3.9 % 4.6 % (0.1) % 0.1 % Sam's Club U.S. 3.3 % 4.7 % (2.6) % (0.8) % 3.1 % 4.6 % (2.6) % (0.8) % Total U.S. 4.4 % 4.3 % (0.5) % (0.1) % 3.8 % 4.6 % (0.4) % (0.1) % Comparable sales in the U.S., including fuel, increased 4.4% and 3.8% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The Walmart U.S. segment had comparable sales growth of 4.7% and for 3.9% the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, driven by growth in average ticket and transactions, reflecting strength in all merchandise categories. The Walmart U.S. segment's eCommerce net sales positively contributed approximately 4.0% and 3.7% to comparable sales for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively. This growth reflects continued strength in customer and Walmart+ member engagement with omnichannel offerings, which was primarily driven by store-fulfilled pickup and delivery. Comparable sales in the Sam's Club U.S. segment increased 3.3% and 3.1% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, driven by growth in unit volumes with strength in transactions, reflecting strong sales in grocery, health and wellness, and general merchandise. The Sam's Club U.S. segment's eCommerce net sales positively contributed approximately 3.4% to comparable sales for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, which outpaced the total segment growth as a result of lower fuel sales. This growth reflects continued strength in member engagement with omnichannel offerings. Margin Our objective of prioritizing margin focuses on growth by driving incremental margin accretion through a combination of productivity improvements, as well as category and business mix. We invest in technology and process improvements to increase productivity, manage inventory and reduce costs, and we operate with discipline by managing expenses and optimizing the efficiency of how we work. We measure operating discipline through expense leverage, which we define as net sales growing at a faster rate than operating, selling, general and administrative ("operating") expenses. Additionally, we focus on our mix of businesses, including expanding our ecosystem in higher margin areas, such as digital advertising and marketplace. Our objective is to achieve operating income leverage, which we define as growing operating income at a faster rate than net sales. Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net sales $ 175,750 $ 167,767 $ 339,731 $ 327,705 Percentage change from comparable period 4.8 % 4.7 % 3.7 % 5.3 % Operating income $ 7,286 $ 7,940 $ 14,421 $ 14,781 Percentage change from comparable period (8.2) % 8.5 % (2.4) % 9.0 % Percentage of net sales Gross profit (1) 24.5 % 24.4 % 24.3 % 24.2 % Operating expenses 21.2 % 20.6 % 21.1 % 20.7 % Operating income 4.1 % 4.7 % 4.2 % 4.5 % (1) Gross profit defined as net sales less cost of sales. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales ("gross profit rate") increased 4 and 8 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to the Walmart U.S. segment, driven by disciplined inventory management and growth in higher margin businesses, partially offset by mix shifts into lower margin merchandise categories. Additionally, the increases were partially offset by ongoing channel and format mix shifts in the Walmart International segment. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 64 and 35 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year, which reflect charges of $0.4 billion related to certain legal matters. The increases for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 were also impacted by higher self-insured general liability claims expense in the U.S. of approximately $0.4 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively, influenced by rising costs to resolve claims across retail and related industries. Operating income as a percentage of net sales decreased 58 and 27 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, primarily due to the factors described above. 19 Table of Contents Returns As we execute our financial framework, we believe our return on capital will improve over time. We measure return on capital with our return on investment and free cash flow metrics. In addition, we provide returns in the form of share repurchases and dividends, which are discussed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section. Return on Assets and Return on Investment We include Return on Assets ("ROA") and Return on Investment ("ROI") as metrics to assess our return on capital. ROA is the most directly comparable measure based on our financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP") while ROI is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes ROI is a meaningful metric to share with investors because it helps investors assess how effectively Walmart deploys its assets. Trends in ROI can fluctuate over time as management balances long-term strategic initiatives with possible short-term impacts. Our calculation of ROI is considered a non-GAAP financial metric because we calculate ROI using financial measures that exclude and include amounts that are included and excluded in ROA, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. ROA is consolidated net income for the period divided by average total assets for the period. We define ROI as operating income plus interest income, depreciation and amortization, and rent expense for the trailing 12 months divided by average invested capital during that period. We consider average invested capital to be the average of our beginning and ending total assets, plus average accumulated depreciation and amortization, less average accounts payable and averaged accrued liabilities for that period. Although ROI is a standard financial measure, numerous methods exist for calculating a company's ROI. As a result, the method used by management to calculate our ROI may differ from the methods used by other companies to calculate their ROI. The calculation of ROA and ROI, along with a reconciliation of ROI to the calculation of ROA, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, is as follows: For the Trailing Twelve Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 CALCULATION OF RETURN ON ASSETS Numerator Consolidated net income $ 21,929 $ 16,339 Denominator Average total assets (1) $ 262,639 $ 254,781 Return on assets (ROA) 8.3 % 6.4 % CALCULATION OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT Numerator Operating income $ 28,988 $ 28,237 + Interest income 442 519 + Depreciation and amortization 13,491 12,440 + Rent 2,374 2,306 = ROI operating income $ 45,295 $ 43,502 Denominator Average total assets (1) $ 262,639 $ 254,781 ' + Average accumulated depreciation and amortization (1) 124,255 118,077 ' - Average accounts payable (1) 58,401 56,646 - Average accrued liabilities (1) 28,239 28,448 = Average invested capital $ 300,254 $ 287,764 Return on investment (ROI) 15.1 % 15.1 % (1) The average is based on the addition of the account balance at the end of the current period to the account balance at the end of the previous period and dividing by two. As of July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 2023 Certain Balance Sheet Data Total assets $ 270,837 $ 254,440 $ 255,121 Accumulated depreciation and amortization 128,234 120,275 115,878 Accounts payable 60,086 56,716 56,576 Accrued liabilities 28,821 27,656 29,239 20 Table of Contents ROA was 8.3% and 6.4% for the trailing 12 months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in ROA was primarily due to an increase in net income as a result of net increases in the fair value of our equity and other investments combined with higher operating income, offset by an increase in average total assets due to higher purchases of property and equipment. ROI was flat at 15.1% for the trailing 12 months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024 as a result of increased operating income, primarily due to improvements in business performance, offset by an increase in average invested capital due to higher purchases of property and equipment. Capital Allocation Our strategy includes allocating our capital to higher-return areas such as automation and investments in stores and clubs. The following table provides additional detail regarding our capital expenditures: (Amounts in millions) Six Months Ended July 31, Allocation of Capital Expenditures 2025 2024 Supply chain, customer-facing initiatives, technology and other $ 6,688 $ 5,976 Store and club remodels 2,917 3,189 New stores and clubs, including expansions and relocations 577 127 Total U.S. 10,182 9,292 Walmart International 1,227 1,215 Total Capital Expenditures $ 11,409 $ 10,507 Free Cash Flow Free cash flow is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes, however, that free cash flow, which measures our ability to generate additional cash from our business operations, is an important financial measure for use in evaluating the Company's financial performance. Free cash flow should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, consolidated net income as a measure of our performance and net cash provided by operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. See Liquidity and Capital Resources for discussions of GAAP metrics including net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities and net cash used in financing activities. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities in a period minus payments for property and equipment made in that period. Walmart's definition of free cash flow is limited in that it does not represent residual cash flows available for discretionary expenditures due to the fact that the measure does not deduct the payments required for debt service and other contractual obligations or payments made for business acquisitions. Therefore, we believe it is important to view free cash flow as a measure that provides supplemental information to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Although other companies report their free cash flow, numerous methods may exist for calculating a company's free cash flow. As a result, the method used by management to calculate our free cash flow may differ from the methods used by other companies to calculate their free cash flow. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, to net cash provided by operating activities, which we believe to be the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to free cash flow, as well as information regarding net cash used in investing activities and net cash used in financing activities. Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 18,352 $ 16,357 Payments for property and equipment (11,409) (10,507) Free cash flow $ 6,943 $ 5,850 Net cash used in investing activities (1) $ (11,199) $ (10,128) Net cash used in financing activities (6,993) (6,945) (1) Net cash used in investing activities includes payments for property and equipment, which is also included in our computation of free cash flow. Net cash provided by operating activities was $18.4 billion for the six months ended July 31, 2025, which represents an increase of $2.0 billion when compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to timing of certain payments, lower cash tax payments and increased cash provided by operating income. Free cash flow for the six months ended July 31, 2025 was $6.9 billion, which represents an increase of $1.1 billion when compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase in free cash flow was due to the increase in net cash provided by operating activities described above, partially offset by an increase of $0.9 billion in capital expenditures to support our investment strategy. 21 Table of Contents Results of Operations Consolidated Results of Operations Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, (Dollar amounts and retail square feet in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net sales $ 175,750 $ 167,767 $ 339,731 $ 327,705 Percentage change from comparable period 4.8 % 4.7 % 3.7 % 5.3 % Membership and other income (1) 1,652 1,568 3,280 3,138 Total revenues 177,402 169,335 343,011 330,843 Percentage change from comparable period 4.8 % 4.8 % 3.7 % 5.4 % Gross profit (2) 42,979 40,957 82,657 79,464 Operating expenses (2) 37,345 34,585 71,516 67,821 Operating income 7,286 7,940 14,421 14,781 Other (gains) and losses (2,708) 1,162 (2,111) 368 Consolidated net income $ 7,151 $ 4,711 $ 11,790 $ 10,018 Percentage of net sales Gross profit 24.5 % 24.4 % 24.3 % 24.2 % Operating expenses 21.2 % 20.6 % 21.1 % 20.7 % Operating income 4.1 % 4.7 % 4.2 % 4.5 % Unit counts at period end 10,797 10,619 10,797 10,619 Retail square feet at period end 1,052 1,049 1,052 1,049 (1) Membership and other income includes membership fees and other items such as rental and tenant income, recycling income and gift card breakage income, as well as other income from corporate campus facilities. (2) Gross profit is defined as net sales less cost of sales. Operating expenses refers to operating, selling, general and administrative expenses. Our total revenues increased $8.1 billion or 4.8% and $12.2 billion or 3.7% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to strong positive comparable sales in our U.S. segments and international markets driven by growth in average ticket and transactions, with strength in eCommerce. Net sales growth across channels also reflected strong sales in grocery and health and wellness in our U.S. segments. Net sales for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 were negatively affected by $1.5 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, in currency exchange rate fluctuations. Membership and other income increased $0.1 billion or 5.4% and $0.1 billion or 4.5% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, primarily due to strong growth in membership fee income globally, partially offset by decreases in other income items. Gross profit rate increased 4 and 8 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to the Walmart U.S. segment, driven by disciplined inventory management and growth in higher margin businesses, partially offset by mix shifts into lower margin merchandise categories. Additionally, the increases were partially offset by ongoing channel and format mix shifts in the Walmart International segment. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 64 and 35 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year, which reflect charges of $0.4 billion related to certain legal matters. The increases for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 were also impacted by higher self-insured general liability claims expense in the U.S. of approximately $0.4 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively, influenced by rising costs to resolve claims across retail and related industries. Other gains and losses consist of certain non-operating items, such as the change in the fair value of our investments and gains or losses on business dispositions, which by their nature can fluctuate from period to period. Other gains and losses for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 consisted of net gains of $2.7 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, compared to net losses of $1.2 billion and $0.4 billion for the same periods in the previous fiscal year. These net gains and losses primarily consisted of changes in fair value of our equity and other investments driven by changes in their underlying stock prices. Our effective income tax rate was 23.3% and 23.0% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, compared to 24.2% and 24.4% for the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The decrease in effective tax rate is primarily due to the tax impact on changes in fair value of our investments. Our effective income tax rate may fluctuate as a result of various factors, including changes in our assessment of unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowances, business operations, acquisitions, investments, entry into new businesses and geographies, intercompany transactions, changes in tax law, changes in the administrative practices, principles, and interpretations related to tax, and the mix and size of earnings among our U.S. operations and international operations, which are subject to statutory rates that may be different than the U.S. statutory rate. 22 Table of Contents As a result of the factors discussed above, consolidated net income increased $2.4 billion and $1.8 billion for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. Accordingly, diluted net income per common share attributable to Walmart was $0.88 and $1.43 for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, which represents an increase of $0.32 and $0.24 when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. Walmart U.S. Segment Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, (Dollar amounts and retail square feet in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net sales $ 120,911 $ 115,347 $ 233,074 $ 224,017 Net sales percentage change from comparable period 4.8 % 4.1 % 4.0 % 4.3 % Calendar comparable sales increase 4.7 % 4.2 % 3.9 % 4.6 % Membership and other income 649 604 1,285 1,217 Gross profit 33,674 31,827 64,485 61,402 Operating expenses 27,603 25,840 53,345 50,696 Operating income $ 6,720 $ 6,591 $ 12,425 $ 11,923 Percentage of net sales Gross profit 27.9 % 27.6 % 27.7 % 27.4 % Operating expenses 22.8 % 22.4 % 22.9 % 22.6 % Operating income 5.6 % 5.7 % 5.3 % 5.3 % Unit counts at period end 4,606 4,606 4,606 4,606 Retail square feet at period end 698 698 698 698 Net sales for the Walmart U.S. segment increased $5.6 billion or 4.8% and $9.1 billion or 4.0% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were due to comparable sales of 4.7% and 3.9% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, driven by growth in average ticket and transactions, reflecting strength in all merchandise categories. The Walmart U.S. segment's eCommerce net sales positively contributed approximately 4.0% and 3.7% to comparable sales for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively. This growth reflects continued strength in customer and Walmart+ member engagement with omnichannel offerings, which was primarily driven by store-fulfilled pickup and delivery. Membership and other income increased 7.5% and 5.6% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, primarily driven by double-digit percentage growth in membership fee income from Walmart+. Gross profit rate increased 26 basis points for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily driven by disciplined inventory management and growth in higher margin businesses, partially offset by mix shifts into lower margin merchandise categories. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 43 and 26 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to higher self-insured general liability claims expense, increased depreciation expense related to our continued capital investments, as well as VIZIO operating costs following the acquisition in December 2024. As a result of the factors discussed above, operating income increased $0.1 billion and $0.5 billion for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. 23 Table of Contents Walmart International Segment Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, (Dollar amounts and retail square feet in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net sales $ 31,201 $ 29,567 $ 60,955 $ 59,400 Percentage change from comparable period 5.5 % 7.1 % 2.6 % 9.6 % Membership and other income 381 371 760 755 Gross profit 6,729 6,615 13,019 13,120 Operating expenses 5,883 5,626 11,288 10,982 Operating income $ 1,227 $ 1,360 $ 2,491 $ 2,893 Percentage of net sales Gross profit 21.6 % 22.4 % 21.4 % 22.1 % Operating expenses 18.9 % 19.0 % 18.5 % 18.5 % Operating income 3.9 % 4.6 % 4.1 % 4.9 % Unit counts at period end 5,591 5,414 5,591 5,414 Retail square feet at period end 274 271 274 271 Net sales for the Walmart International segment increased $1.6 billion or 5.5% and $1.6 billion or 2.6% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to positive comparable sales across our international markets, including strength in eCommerce, partially offset by negative fluctuations in currency exchange rates of $1.5 billion and $3.9 billion for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively. Gross profit rate decreased 80 and 73 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The decreases were primarily driven by ongoing channel and format mix shifts, as well as strategic growth investments in price and delivery capabilities, partially offset by growth in higher margin businesses. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased 17 basis points and was flat for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year, primarily due to strong sales as well as format mix shifts, partially offset by strategic growth investments, including investments in associate wages in our Mexico and Central America and Canada markets. As a result of the factors discussed above, operating income decreased $0.1 billion and $0.4 billion for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. 24 Table of Contents Sam's Club U.S. Segment Three Months Ended July 31, Six Months Ended July 31, (Dollar amounts and retail square feet in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Including Fuel Net sales $ 23,638 $ 22,853 $ 45,702 $ 44,288 Percentage change from comparable period 3.4 % 4.7 % 3.2 % 4.6 % Calendar comparable sales increase 3.3 % 4.7 % 3.1 % 4.6 % Membership and other income 617 579 1,224 1,140 Gross profit 2,576 2,515 5,153 4,942 Operating expenses 2,704 2,513 5,202 4,886 Operating income $ 489 $ 581 $ 1,175 $ 1,196 Percentage of net sales Gross profit 10.9 % 11.0 % 11.3 % 11.2 % Operating expenses 11.4 % 11.0 % 11.4 % 11.0 % Operating income 2.1 % 2.5 % 2.6 % 2.7 % Unit counts at period end 600 599 600 599 Retail square feet at period end 80 80 80 80 Excluding Fuel (1) Net sales $ 21,185 $ 19,980 $ 40,924 $ 38,683 Percentage change from comparable period 6.0 % 5.5 % 5.8 % 5.4 % Operating income $ 333 $ 391 $ 882 $ 906 (1) We believe the Excluding Fuel information is useful to investors because it permits investors to understand the effect of the Sam's Club U.S. segment's fuel sales on its results of operations, which are impacted by the volatility of fuel prices. Volatility in fuel prices may continue to impact the operating results of the Sam's Club U.S. segment in the future. Net sales for the Sam's Club U.S. segment increased $0.8 billion or 3.4% and $1.4 billion or 3.2% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were primarily due to comparable sales, including fuel, of 3.3% and 3.1% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, driven by growth in unit volumes with strength in transactions, reflecting strong sales in grocery, health and wellness, and general merchandise. Sam's Club U.S. eCommerce net sales positively contributed approximately 3.4% to comparable sales for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, which outpaced the total segment comparable sales as a result of lower fuel sales driven by lower fuel prices. This growth reflects continued strength in member engagement with omnichannel offerings. Membership and other income increased 6.6% and 7.4% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The increases were due to growth in the membership base and Plus penetration. Gross profit rate decreased 11 basis points and increased 12 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. The decrease for the three months ended July 31, 2025 was primarily due to the impact of reorganization charges related to strategic supply chain decisions of $0.1 billion, as well as channel mix changes partially offset by lower markdowns and operational efficiencies. The increase for the six months ended July 31, 2025 was primarily due to lower markdowns and operational efficiencies and higher margins in fuel, partially offset by channel mix changes as well as the impact of reorganization charges described above. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 44 and 35 basis points for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year, primarily due to lower fuel sales combined with increased self-insured general liability claims expense, as well as continued technology and associate wage investments. As a result of the factors discussed above, operating income decreased $0.1 billion for the three months ended July 31, 2025 and decreased slightly for the six months ended July 31, 2025, when compared to the same periods in the previous fiscal year. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity The strength and stability of our operations have historically supplied us with a significant source of liquidity. Our cash flows provided by operating activities, supplemented with our long-term debt and short-term borrowings, have been sufficient to fund our operations while allowing us to invest in activities that support the long-term growth of our operations. Generally, some or all of the remaining available cash flow has been used to fund dividends on our common stock and share repurchases. We believe our sources of liquidity will continue to be sufficient to fund operations, finance our investment activities, pay dividends and fund our share repurchases for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. 25 Table of Contents Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 18,352 $ 16,357 Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended July 31, 2025 increased $2.0 billion when compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily due to timing of certain payments, lower cash tax payments and increased cash provided by operating income. Cash Equivalents and Working Capital Deficit Cash and cash equivalents were $9.4 billion and $8.8 billion at July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our working capital deficit was $21.5 billion as of July 31, 2025, which increased when compared to the $18.8 billion working capital deficit as of July 31, 2024. The increase in our working capital deficit was primarily driven by the timing of certain payments described above and an increase in long-term debt due within one year, partially offset by an increase in inventories and receivables primarily related to sales growth. We generally operate with a working capital deficit due to our efficient use of cash in funding operations, consistent access to the capital markets and returns provided to our shareholders in the form of cash dividends and share repurchases. As of July 31, 2025 and January 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents of $4.0 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively, may not be freely transferable to the U.S. due to local laws or other restrictions or are subject to the approval of the noncontrolling interest shareholders. Net Cash Used in Investing Activities Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash used in investing activities $ (11,199) $ (10,128) Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended July 31, 2025 increased $1.1 billion when compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase is primarily due to increased payments for property and equipment and the change in other investing activities related to certain short-term investments, partially offset by net proceeds received from sales of certain strategic investments. Net Cash Used in Financing Activities Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions) 2025 2024 Net cash used in financing activities $ (6,993) $ (6,945) Net cash used in financing activities increased slightly for the six months ended July 31, 2025, when compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase is primarily due to increased share repurchases, lower short-term borrowings in the current fiscal year and higher dividends paid, primarily offset by new long-term debt issued in the current fiscal year as well as lower debt repayments. In April 2025, the Company renewed and extended its existing 364-day revolving credit facility of $10.0 billion as well as its five-year credit facility of $5.0 billion. In total, we had committed lines of credit in the U.S. of $15.0 billion at July 31, 2025, all undrawn. Long-term Debt The following table provides the changes in our long-term debt for the six months ended July 31, 2025: (Amounts in millions) Long-term debt due within one year Long-term debt Total Balances as of February 1, 2025 $ 2,598 $ 33,401 $ 35,999 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt (1) — 3,983 3,983 Repayments of long-term debt (875) — (875) Reclassifications of long-term debt 2,286 (2,286) — Currency and other adjustments 2 542 544 Balances as of July 31, 2025 $ 4,011 $ 35,640 $ 39,651 (1) Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt are net of deferred loan costs and any related discount or premium. During the six months ended July 31, 2025, our total outstanding long-term debt increased $3.7 billion, primarily due to the issuance of new long-term debt in April 2025. Refer to Note 4 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details. 26 Table of Contents Dividends Effective February 20, 2025, the Company approved the fiscal 2026 annual dividend of $0.94 per share, a 13% increase over the fiscal 2025 annual dividend of $0.83 per share. For fiscal 2026, the annual dividend was or will be paid in four quarterly installments of $0.235 per share, according to the following record and payable dates: Record Date Payable Date March 21, 2025 April 7, 2025 May 9, 2025 May 27, 2025 August 15, 2025 September 2, 2025 December 12, 2025 January 5, 2026 The dividend installments payable on April 7, 2025 and May 27, 2025 were paid as scheduled. Company Share Repurchase Program From time to time, the Company repurchases shares of its common stock under share repurchase programs authorized by the Company's Board of Directors. All repurchases made during the six months ended July 31, 2025 were made under the current $20 billion share repurchase program approved in November 2022, which has no expiration date or other restrictions limiting the period over which the Company can make repurchases. As of July 31, 2025, authorization for $5.9 billion of share repurchases remained under the share repurchase program. Any repurchased shares are constructively retired and returned to an unissued status. We regularly review share repurchase activity and consider several factors in determining when to execute share repurchases, including, among other things, current cash needs, capacity for leverage, cost of borrowings, our results of operations and the market price of our common stock. We anticipate that a majority of the ongoing share repurchase program will be funded through the Company's free cash flow. The following table provides, on a settlement date basis, share repurchase information for the six months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024: Six Months Ended July 31, (Amounts in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024 Total number of shares repurchased 67.4 33.3 Average price paid per share $ 92.03 $ 62.15 Total amount paid for share repurchases $ 6,200 $ 2,072 During the six months ended July 31, 2025, the Company repurchased $6.2 billion in shares of its common stock, an increase of $4.1 billion as compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. The increase was primarily driven by opportunistic prices during the first quarter of fiscal 2026 as part of the Company's long-term strategy. Material Cash Requirements Material cash requirements from operating activities primarily consist of inventory purchases, employee related costs, taxes, interest and other general operating expenses, which we expect to be primarily satisfied by our cash from operations. Other material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations include short-term borrowings, long-term debt and related interest payments, leases and purchase obligations. Capital Resources We believe our cash flows from operations, current cash position, short-term borrowings and access to capital markets will continue to be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements and contractual obligations, which includes funding seasonal buildups in merchandise inventories and funding our capital expenditures, acquisitions, dividend payments and share repurchases. We have strong commercial paper and long-term debt ratings that have enabled and should continue to enable us to refinance our debt as it becomes due at favorable rates in capital markets. As of July 31, 2025, the ratings assigned to our commercial paper and rated series of our outstanding long-term debt were as follows: Rating agency Commercial paper Long-term debt Standard & Poor's A-1+ AA Moody's Investors Service P-1 Aa2 Fitch Ratings F1+ AA 27 Table of Contents Credit rating agencies review their ratings periodically and, therefore, the credit ratings assigned to us by each agency may be subject to revision at any time. Accordingly, we are not able to predict whether our current credit ratings will remain consistent over time. Factors that could affect our credit ratings include changes in our operating performance, the general economic environment, conditions in the retail industry, our financial position, including our total debt and capitalization, and changes in our business strategy. Any downgrade of our credit ratings by a credit rating agency could increase our future borrowing costs or impair our ability to access capital and credit markets on terms commercially acceptable to us. In addition, any downgrade of our current short-term credit ratings could impair our ability to access the commercial paper markets with the same flexibility that we have experienced historically, potentially requiring us to rely more heavily on more expensive types of debt financing. The credit rating agency ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold our commercial paper or debt securities. Each rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization and should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Moreover, each credit rating is specific to the security to which it applies. Other Matters In Note 6 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is captioned "Contingencies" and appears in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the caption " Item 1. Financial Statements ," we discuss, under the sub-captions " Settlement of Certain Opioid-Related Matters, " and " Ongoing Opioid-Related Litigation, " certain opioid-related matters, as well as the Prescription Opiate Litigation, and other matters, including certain risks arising therefrom. In Note 6 , we discuss, " Asda Equal Value Claims " the Company's indemnification obligation for the Asda Equal Value Claims matter, " Money Transfer Agent Services Matters, " a United States Federal Trade Commission complaint related to money transfers and the Company's anti-fraud program and a government investigation by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania into the Company's consumer fraud prevention and anti-money laundering compliance related to the Company's money transfer agent services, as well as matters related to independent contractor drivers on the driver platform under " Driver Platform Matters. " In Note 6 , under " Mexico Antitrust Matter ," we also discuss a quasi-judicial administrative process initiated by COFECE against Walmex and Walmex's related constitutional challenge. In Note 6 we also discuss a show cause notice and requests issued by the Directorate of Enforcement to Flipkart regarding Foreign Direct Investment rules and regulations in India and an India Antitrust Matter. We reference various legal proceedings related to the Prescription Opiate Litigation, the DOJ Opioid Civil Litigation, Opioids-Related Securities Class Actions and False Claims Act Litigation; Asda Equal Value Claims; Money Transfer Agent Services Litigation; Driver Platform Matters; Mexico Antitrust Matter; and an India Antitrust Matter in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the caption " Item 1. Legal Proceedings ," under the caption "I. Supplemental Information." We also discuss an environmental matter with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the caption " Item 1. Legal Proceedings ," under the sub-caption "II. Environmental Matters." The foregoing matters and other matters described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent contingent liabilities of the Company that may or may not result in the incurrence of a material liability by the Company upon their final resolution.