Vestand Inc. 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to ___________ Commission File Number: 001-41494 YOSHIHARU GLOBAL CO. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 5812 87-3941448 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 6940 Beach Blvd., Suite D-705 Buena Park , CA 90621 (714) 694-2403 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices) N/A (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share YOSH The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Capital Market) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No The registrant has 1,242,722 shares of class A common stock outstanding, and 100,000 shares of class B common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1 Item 1 Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 1 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 2 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 3 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 4 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 5 Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 21 Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 31 Item 4 Controls and Procedures 31 PART II OTHER INFORMATION 32 Item 1 Legal Proceedings 32 Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 32 Item 6 Exhibits 32 Signature 33 i SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management, and which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth and trends, and objectives for future operations such as our ability to achieve in excess of 100% annual unit growth rate over the next three to five years , our hope to generate future comparable restaurant sales growth , our plan to drive high profitability, and our intention to heighten brand awareness are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the risk that we may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy if we are unable to identify appropriate sites for restaurant locations, expand in existing and new markets, obtain favorable lease terms, attract guests to our restaurants or hire and retain personnel; the risk that we may not be able to maintain or improve our comparable restaurant sales growth; that the restaurant industry is a highly competitive industry with many competitors; that our limited number of restaurants, the significant expense associated with opening new restaurants, and the unit volumes of our new restaurants makes us susceptible to significant fluctuations in our results of operations; that we have incurred operating losses and may not be profitable in the future; the risk that our plans to maintain and increase liquidity may not be successful; that we depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key personnel or an inability to attract, hire, integrate and retain highly skilled personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations; that our operating results and growth strategies will be closely tied to the success of our future franchise partners and we will have limited control with respect to their operations; the risk that we may face negative publicity or damage to our reputation, which could arise from concerns regarding food safety and foodborne illness or other matters; that minimum wage increases and mandated employee benefits could cause a significant increase in our labor costs; that events or circumstances could cause the termination or limitation of our rights to certain intellectual property critical to our business that is licensed from Yoshiharu Holdings Co., or that we could face infringements on our intellectual property rights and be unable to protect our brand name, trademarks and other intellectual property rights; that challenging economic conditions may affect our business by adversely impacting numerous items that include, but are not limited to: consumer confidence and discretionary spending, the future cost and availability of credit and the operations of our third-party vendors and other service providers; the risk that we, or our point of sale and restaurant management platform partners, may fail to secure guests’ confidential, personally identifiable, debit card or credit card information or other private data relating to our employees or us; and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or a similar public health threat, on global capital and financial markets, general economic conditions in the United States, and our business and operations. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the section titled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s recently filed registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-262330). We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to conform such statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law. ii PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements. Yoshiharu Global Co. Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets As of March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash $ 1,355,738 $ 1,462,326 Accounts receivable 94,135 - Inventories 77,151 73,023 Total current assets 1,527,024 1,535,349 Non-Current Assets: Property and equipment, net 4,278,910 4,092,950 Operating lease right-of-use asset 5,322,909 5,459,708 Other assets 1,584,395 1,931,357 Total non-current assets 11,186,214 11,484,015 Total assets $ 12,713,238 $ 13,019,364 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 674,989 $ 647,811 Line of credit 1,000,000 1,000,000 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 589,561 572,230 Current portion of bank notes payables 685,978 414,378 Current portion of loan payable, EIDL 7,931 10,536 Loans payable to financial institutions 365,470 534,239 Due to related party 81,097 24,176 Other payables 65,700 65,700 Total current liabilities 3,470,726 3,269,060 Operating lease liabilities, less current portion 5,534,934 5,689,535 Bank notes payables, less current portion 1,450,826 991,951 Loan payable, EIDL, less current portion 415,329 415,329 Total liabilities 10,871,815 10,365,885 Commitments and Contingencies - - Stockholders’ equity Class A Common Stock - $ 0.0001 par value; 49,000,000 authorized shares; 1,242,722 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 1,230,246 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 124 123 Class B Common Stock - $ 0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 authorized shares; 100,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 10 10 Common Stock, value 10 10 Additional paid-in capital 12,058,267 11,994,119 Accumulated deficit ( 10,216,978 ) ( 9,340,773 ) Total stockholders’ equity 1,841,423 2,653,479 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 12,713,238 $ 13,019,364 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 1 Yoshiharu Global Co. Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations 2024 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Revenue: Food and beverage $ 2,811,609 $ 2,479,574 Total revenue 2,811,609 2,479,574 Restaurant operating expenses: Food, beverages and supplies 667,892 651,446 Labor 1,286,534 1,138,067 Rent and utilities 318,568 298,463 Delivery and service fees 143,361 147,837 Depreciation 170,682 128,270 Total restaurant operating expenses 2,587,037 2,364,083 Net operating restaurant operating income (loss) 224,572 115,491 Operating expenses: General and administrative 920,401 1,060,453 Related party compensation 42,154 112,048 Advertising and marketing 33,904 26,342 Total operating expenses 996,459 1,198,843 Loss from operations ( 771,887 ) ( 1,083,352 ) Other income (expense): Interest ( 104,318 ) ( 61,137 ) Total other income (expense), net ( 104,318 ) ( 61,137 ) Loss before income taxes ( 876,205 ) ( 1,144,489 ) Income tax provision - - Net income (loss) $ ( 876,205 ) $ ( 1,144,489 ) Income (loss) per share: Basic and diluted ( 0.65 ) ( 1.01 ) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic and diluted 1,341,488 1,136,274 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 2 Yoshiharu Global Co. Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Equity Class A Shares Class B Shares Additional Paid-In Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Equity Balance at December 31, 2023 1,230,246 $ 123 100,000 $ 10 $ 11,994,119 $ ( 9,340,773 ) $ 2,653,479 Issuance of Class A Common Stock 12,476 1 - - 64,148 - 64,149 Net loss - - - - - ( 876,205 ) ( 876,205 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 (unaudited) 1,242,722 $ 124 100,000 $ 10 $ 12,058,267 $ ( 10,216,978 ) $ 1,841,423 Class A Shares Class B Shares Additional Paid-In Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Deficit Balance at December 31, 2022 1,228.846 $ 123 100,000 $ 10 $ 11,938,119 $ ( 6,300,409 ) $ 5,637,843 Balance 1,228.846 $ 123 100,000 $ 10 $ 11,938,119 $ ( 6,300,409 ) $ 5,637,843 Net loss - - - - - ( 1,144,489 ) ( 1,144,489 ) Balance at March 31, 2023 (unaudited) 1,228,846 $ 123 100,000 $ 10 $ 11,938,119 $ ( 7,445,871 ) $ 4,493,354 Balance 1,228,846 $ 123 100,000 $ 10 $ 11,938,119 $ ( 7,445,871 ) $ 4,493,354 See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 3 Yoshiharu Global Co. Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 2024 2023 For the three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 876,205 ) $ ( 1,144,489 ) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation 170,682 128,270 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 94,135 ) - Inventories ( 4,128 ) 6,337 Other assets 346,962 ( 709,109 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 26,707 41,684 Due to related party 56,921 ( 155,753 ) Other payables - 64,258 Net cash used in operating activities ( 373,196 ) ( 1,768,802 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment ( 356,642 ) ( 938,984 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 356,642 ) ( 938,984 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Advance from line of credit - 500,000 Proceeds from borrowings 812,000 - Repayments on bank notes payables ( 84,130 ) ( 87,215 ) Repayment of loan payable to financial institutions ( 168,769 ) - Proceeds from sale of common shares 64,149 - Net cash provided by financing activities 623,250 412,785 Net decrease in cash ( 106,588 ) ( 2,295,001 ) Cash – beginning of period 1,462,326 6,138,786 Cash – end of period $ 1,355,738 $ 3,843,785 Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing activities: Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid during the periods for: Interest $ 104,318 $ 61,137 Income taxes $ - $ - See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements. 4 YOSHIHARU GLOBAL CO. NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS Yoshiharu Global Co. (“Yoshiharu”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 9, 2021. Yoshiharu has the following wholly owned subsidiaries: SCHEDULE OF WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES Name Date of Formation Description of Business Global JJ Group, Inc. (“JJ”) January 8, 2015 Ramen stores located in Orange, California and Buena Park, California . Global AA Group, Inc. (“AA”) July 21, 2016 Ramen store located in Whittier, California . Global BB Group, Inc. (“BB”) May 19, 2017 Ramen store located in Chino Hills, California . Global CC Group, Inc. (“CC”) September 23, 2019 Ramen stores located in Eastvale, California and Corona, California . Global DD Group, Inc. (“DD”) December 19, 2019 Ramen store located in la Mirada, California . Yoshiharu Irvine (“YI”) December 4, 2020 Ramen store located in Irvine, California . Yoshiharu Cerritos (“YC”) January 21, 2021 Ramen store located in Cerritos, California . Yoshiharu Clemente (“YCT”) May 2, 2022 Ramen store to be opened in San Clemente, California . Yoshiharu Laguna (“YL”) May 2, 2022 Ramen store to be opened in Laguna, California . Yoshiharu Ontario (“YO”) May 2, 2022 Ramen store to be opened in Ontario, California . Yoshiharu Menifee (“YM”) May 2, 2022 Ramen store to be opened in Menifee, California . Yoshiharu Garden Grove (“YG”) July 27, 2022 Ramen store to be opened in Garden Grove, California . The Company owns several restaurants specializing in Japanese ramen and other Japanese cuisines. The Company offers a variety of Japanese ramens, rice bowls, and appetizers. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Yoshiharu” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer collectively to Yoshiharu and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries. Prior to September 30, 2021, the Yoshiharu business (the “Business”) consisted of the first seven separate entities listed above (collectively, the “Entities”), each wholly owned by James Chae (“Mr. Chae”), and each holding one (1) store, except for JJ, which held two stores and the Business’s intellectual property (the “IP”). Effective October 2021, JJ transferred the IP to Mr. Chae. Effective October 2021, Mr. Chae contributed 100 % of the equity interests in each of the Entities to Yoshiharu Holdings Co., a California corporation (“Holdings”), for purposes of consolidating the Business operations into a single entity. Mr. Chae was issued an aggregate 3,205,000 shares in Holdings, which reflected the aggregate number of shares originally issued to Mr. Chae by the Entities, in exchange for 100 % of each Entity (on a 1 for 1 share exchange basis). In addition, effective October 2021, Mr. Chae transferred the IP to Holdings in exchange for the issuance of 6,245,900 shares in Holdings in order to bring his total shareholdings in Holdings up to an aggregate 9,450,900 shares. On December 9, 2021, Yoshiharu completed a share exchange agreement whereby Mr. Chae, the sole stockholder of Holdings, received 9,450,900 shares of Yoshiharu, representing 100 % of issued shares at that time, and Yoshiharu received all of the shares of Holdings. This recapitalization was accounted for in accordance with the “Transactions Between Entities Under Common Control” subsections of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50, Business Combinations, which requires that the receiving entity recognize the net assets received at their historical carrying amounts. A common-control transaction has no effect on the parent’s consolidated financial statements. No value was ascribed to the shares issued for the transfer of the IP since the only relevance of the aggregate number of shares issued to Mr. Chae in Holdings was to effect the 1 for 1 share exchange with Yoshiharu upon its incorporation in Delaware. ASC 805-50 also prescribes that, if the recognition of the net assets results in a “change in the reporting entity,” the receiving entity presents the transfer in its separate financial statements retrospectively. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities and the historical operations that are reflected in these consolidated financial statements are those of the subsidiaries and are recorded at the historical cost basis of the subsidiaries. On November 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of its issued Class A common stock and Class B common stock together with the Class A common stock, “Common Stock”), in the ratio of 1-for-10 (the “Reverse Stock Split”) effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern on November 27, 2023. The Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis at the market open on Tuesday, November 28, 2023. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, any fractional shares that would have resulted from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the next whole number. As a result, total of 34,846 shares of Class A common stock were issued and total of 1,230,246 shares of Class A common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split affected all stockholders uniformly and did not alter any stockholder’s percentage interest in the Company’s outstanding Common Stock, except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock of the Company and number of authorized, issued, and outstanding shares of the preferred stock of the Company were not changed. 5 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as promulgated in the United States of America. The consolidated financial statements include Yoshiharu and its wholly owned subsidiaries instead in Note 1 above as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. All intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated upon consolidation. Initial Public Offering In September 2022, the Company consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of 2,940,000 shares of its class A common stock at a public offering price of $ 4.00 per share, generating gross proceeds of $ 11,760,000 . Net proceeds from the IPO were approximately $ 10.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of approximately $ 1.5 million. The Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 441,000 additional shares (equal to 15 % of the shares of class A common stock sold in the IPO) to cover over-allotments, if any, which the underwriters did not exercise. In addition, the Company issued to the representative of the underwriters warrants to purchase a number of shares of class A common stock equal to 5.0 % of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock sold in the IPO (including shares of Class A common stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option). The representative’s warrants will be exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-½-year period commencing six months from the date of commencement of the sales of the shares of Class A common stock in connection with the IPO, at an initial exercise price per share of $ 5.00 (equal to 125 % of the initial public offering price per share of class A common stock). No representative’s warrants have been exercised. On September 9, 2022, the Company’s stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “YOSH.” Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs were expenses directly related to the IPO. These costs consisted of legal, accounting, printing, and filing fees. The deferred offering costs were offset against the IPO proceeds in September 2022 and were reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the IPO. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Such estimates include accounts receivables, accrued liabilities, income taxes, long-lived assets, and deferred tax valuation allowances. These estimates generally involve complex issues and require management to make judgments, involve analysis of historical and future trends that can require extended periods of time to resolve, and are subject to change from period to period. In all cases, actual results could differ materially from estimates. Marketing Marketing costs are charged to expense as incurred. Marketing costs were approximately $ 34,000 and $ 26,000 for the three months period ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in general expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Delivery Fees Charged by Delivery Service Providers The Company’s customers may order online through third party service providers such as Uber Eats, Door Dash, and others. These third-party service providers charge delivery and order fees to the Company. Such fees are expensed when incurred. Delivery fees are included in delivery and service fees in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company’s net revenue primarily consists of revenues from food and beverage sales. Revenues from the sale of food items by Company-owned restaurants are recognized as Company sales when a customer receives the food that they purchased, which is when our obligation to perform is satisfied. The timing and amount of revenue recognized related to Company sales was not impacted by the adoption of ASC 606. 6 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Inventories Inventories, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consist primarily of perishable food items and supplies. Cost is determined using the first-in, first out method. Segment Reporting ASC 280, Segment Reporting, requires public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies its operating segments based on how executive decision makers internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. Accordingly, the Company has one reportable segment, consisting of operating its stores. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are as follows: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES Furniture and equipment 5 to 7 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease Vehicle 5 years Income Taxes The accounting standard on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under that guidance, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits identified or recorded as liabilities as of March 31, 2023. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets When circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may be impaired, the Company performs an analysis to review the recoverability of the asset’s carrying value, which includes estimating the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) from the expected future operations of the asset. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, operating trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If the analysis indicates that the carrying value is not recoverable from future cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Any impairment losses are recorded as operating expenses, which reduce net income. 7 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company utilizes ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure, for valuing financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The Company’s financial instruments consisted of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, notes payables, and operating lease liabilities. The estimated fair value of cash, operating lease right-of-use assets, net, and notes payables approximate its carrying amount due to the short maturity of these instruments. Leases In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is a contract that provides the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For identified leases, the Company determines whether it should be classified as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are recorded in the balance sheet as: right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and operating lease liability. An ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and an operating lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes deferred rent liabilities. The Company’s lease arrangements generally do not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, in such situations the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU asset and operating lease liability. Lease expense for the operating lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has a lease agreement with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and does not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on our financial statements. 8 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Leasehold Improvement $ 4,736,194 $ 4,447,705 Furniture and equipment 970,889 902,736 Vehicle 438,521 438,521 Total property and equipment 6,145,604 5,788,962 Accumulated depreciation ( 1,866,694 ) ( 1,696,012 ) Total property and equipment, net $ 4,278,910 $ 4,092,950 Total depreciation was $ 170,682 and $ 545,549 for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. 4. OTHER ASSETS Other assets consisted of the following: SCHEDULE OF OTHER ASSETS March 31 December 31, 2024 2023 Escrow deposit to acquire assets from Las Vegas restaurants $ 729,352 $ 729,352 Security deposits 220,543 209,844 Tenant improvement receivable 370,335 370,335 Loan to Won Zo Whittier 100,300 100,300 Others 163,865 521,526 Total other assets $ 1,584,395 $ 1,931,357 5. LINE OF CREDIT The Company has a $ 1,000,000 bank line of credit. The line bears a fixed interest rate at 5.50 % per annum. It is secured by a $ 1,000,000 certificate of deposit at the same bank. The line of credit expires in December 2024 . The Company is in compliance with certain non-financial covenants imposed by the line of credit agreement. At March 31, 2024 and December 31,2023, the outstanding balance was $ 1,000,000 and $ 1,000,000 , respectively. 9 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6. BANK NOTES PAYABLES SCHEDULE OF BANK NOTES PAYABLE March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 November 27, 2018 ($ 780,000 ) - JJ $ 301,723 $ 331,022 September 14, 2021 ($ 197,000 ) - CC 160,965 164,418 April 22, 2022 ($ 195,000 ) - Cerritos 171,236 174,492 May 22, 2023 ($ 138,000 ) - BB 116,235 121,951 May 22, 2023 ($ 196,000 ) - CC 165,052 173,169 May 22, 2023 ($ 178,000 ) - DD 150,889 158,309 September 13, 2023 ($ 150,000 ) - Garden Grove 135,352 141,484 September 13, 2023 ($ 150,000 ) - Laguna 135,352 141,484 March 22, 2024 ($ 150,000 ) - YM 150,000 - March 22, 2024 ($ 150,000 ) - YCT 150,000 - January 30, 2024 ($ 500,000 ) - Yoshiharu 500,000 - Total bank notes payables 2,136,804 1,406,329 Less - current portion ( 685,978 ) ( 414,378 ) Total bank notes payables, less current portion $ 1,450,826 $ 991,951 The following table provides future minimum payments as of March 31, 2024: SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS For the years ended Amount 2024 (remaining nine months) $ 685,978 2025 539,638 2026 242,225 2027 242,225 2028 150,173 Thereafter 276,565 Total $ 2,136,804 November 27, 2018 – $780,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc. On November 27, 2018, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 780,000 from the SBA, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 301,723 and $ 331,022 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 12,571.15 per month which includes principal and interest with an interest rate of 10.25 % per year. The balance of principal and interest is payable on December 1, 2025. 10 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6. BANK NOTES PAYABLES (Continued) September 14, 2021 – $197,000 – Global CC Group, Inc. On September 14, 2021, the CC executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 197,000 from the SBA, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 160,965 and $ 164,418 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 2,575.46 per month which includes principal and interest with an interest rate of 10.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 14, 2031. April 22, 2022– $195,000 – Yoshiharu Cerritos. On April 22, 2022, Yoshiharu Cerritos (the “YC”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 195,000 from the SBA, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 171,236 and $ 174,492 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 2,599.50 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 10.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on April 22, 2032. May 22, 2023– $138,000 – Global BB Group, Inc. On May 22, 2023, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 138,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. With the proceeds, BB paid off the existing SBA loan borrowed by Global AA Group, Inc on September 17, 2017. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 116,235 and $ 121,951 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 2,892.36 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.75 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on April 22, 2028. May 22, 2023– $196,000 – Global CC Group, Inc. On May 22, 2023, Global CC Group, Inc. (the “CC”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 196,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. With the proceeds, CC paid off the existing SBA loan borrowed by CC on February 13, 2020. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 165,052 and $ 173,169 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 4,107.11 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.75 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on April 22, 2028. May 22, 2023– $178,000 – Global DD Group, Inc. On May 22, 2023, Global DD Group, Inc. (the “DD”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 178,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. With the proceeds, DD paid off the existing SBA loan borrowed by DD on September 15, 2021. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 150,889 and $ 158,309 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,754.68 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.75 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on April 22, 2028. 11 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6. BANK NOTES PAYABLES (Continued) September 13, 2023– $150,000 – Yoshiharu Garden Grove On September 13, 2023, Yoshiharu Garden Grove (the “YG”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 150,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 135,352 and $ 141,484 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,160.82 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 13, 2028. September 13, 2023– $150,000 – Yoshiharu Laguna On September 13, 2023, Yoshiharu Laguna (the “YL”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 150,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 135,352 and $ 141,484 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,160.82 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 13, 2028. March 22, 2024– $150,000 – Yoshiharu Menifee On March,22, 2024, Yoshiharu Menifee (the “YM”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 150,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 150,000 and $ 0 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,150.28 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on March 22, 2029. March 22, 2024– $150,000 – Yoshiharu San Clemente On March,22, 2024, Yoshiharu San Clemente (the “YCT”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 150,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 150,000 and $ 0 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,150.28 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on March 22, 2029. January 30, 2024– $500,000 – Yoshiharu On January 30, 2024, Yoshiharu Global Co. (the “Yoshiharu”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan of $ 500,000 from a commercial bank, with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the loan is $ 500,000 and $ 0 , respectively. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, interest accrues at a variable rate that is subject to change from time to time based on changes in an independent index which is the Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. The loan requires a payment of $ 3,160.82 per month which includes principal and interest with an initial interest rate of 9.50 %. The balance of principal and interest is payable on September 13, 2028. 12 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 7. LOAN PAYABLES, EIDL SCHEDULE OF LOAN PAYABLES - EIDL March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 June 13, 2020 ($ 150,000 - EIDL ) - AA $ 141,237 $ 142,104 June 13, 2020 ($ 150,000 - EIDL ) - BB 141,252 142,119 July 15, 2020 ($ 150,000 - EIDL) - JJ 140,771 141,642 Total loans payables, EIDL 423,260 425,865 Less - current portion ( 7,931 ) ( 10,536 ) Total loans payables, EIDL, less current portion $ 415,329 $ 415,329 The following table provides future minimum payments as of March 31, 2024: SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENT For the years ended Amount 2024 (remaining nine months) $ 7,931 2025 10,928 2026 11,345 2027 11,777 2028 12,227 Thereafter 369,052 Total $ 423,260 June 13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global AA Group, Inc. On June 13, 2020, Global AA Group, Inc. (the “AA”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing a loan (the “EIDL Loan”) from the SBA under its Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) assistance program in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the AA’s business. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, the AA borrowed an aggregate principal amount of the AA EIDL Loan of $ 150,000 , with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75 % per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, are due monthly since May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the AA EIDL Loan) in the amount of $ 731 . The balance of principal and interest is payable thirty years from the date of the AA EIDL Loan. In connection therewith, the AA also received a $ 10,000 grant, which does not have to be repaid. In connection therewith, the AA executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA, which contains customary events of default and (ii) a security agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of the AA, which also contains customary events of default. June 13, 2020 – $150,000 – Global BB Group, Inc. On June 13, 2020, Global BB Group, Inc. (the “BB”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing an EIDL loan (the “BB EIDL Loan”) from the SBA in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the BB’s business. 13 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 7. LOAN PAYABLES, EIDL (Continued) Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, the BB borrowed an aggregate principal amount of the BB EIDL Loan of $ 150,000 , with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75 % per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, are due monthly since May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the BB EIDL Loan) in the amount of $ 731 . The balance of principal and interest is payable thirty years from the date of the BB EIDL Loan. In connection therewith, the BB also received a $ 10,000 grant, which does not have to be repaid. In connection therewith, the BB executed (i) a loan for the benefit of the SBA, which contains customary events of default and (ii) a security agreement, granting the SBA a security interest in all tangible and intangible personal property of the BB, which also contains customary events of default. July 15, 2020 – $150,000 – Global JJ Group, Inc. On July 15, 2020, Global JJ Group, Inc. (the “JJ”) executed the standard loan documents required for securing an EIDL loan (the “JJ EIDL Loan”) from the SBA in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JJ’s business. Pursuant to that certain Loan Authorization and Agreement, the JJ borrowed an aggregate principal amount of the JJ EIDL Loan of $ 150,000 , with proceeds to be used for working capital purposes. Interest accrues at the rate of 3.75 % per annum and will accrue only on funds actually advanced from the date of each advance. Installment payments, including principal and interest, are due monthly since May 14, 2021 (twelve months from the date of the JJ EIDL Loan) in the amount of $ 731 . The balance of principal and interest is payable thirty years from the date of the JJ EIDL Loan. 14 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 8. LOANS PAYABLE TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Loans payable to financial institutions consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF LOANS PAYABLE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 November 17, 2023 ($ 76,400 ) – AA Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 76,400 and repayment rate of 44.17 % for a total of $ 93,972 . The loan payable matures on November 11, 2024 39,118 65,896 November 17, 2023 ($ 115,600 ) - BB Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 115,600 and repayment rate of 43.01 % for a total of $ 142,188 . The loan payable matures on November 11, 2024 68,242 101,649 November 21, 2023 ($ 91,000 ) - CC (CO) Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 91,000 and repayment rate of 46.27 % for a total of $ 113,750 . The loan payable matures on November 15, 2024 69,899 85,080 November 30, 2023 ($ 132,100 ) - CC (EV) Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 132,100 and repayment rate of 43.39 % for a total of $ 162,483 . The loan payable matures on November 24, 2024 86,919 123,276 November 20, 2023 ($ 89,400 ) - JJ (BP) Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 89,400 and repayment rate of 44.54 % for a total of $ 110,856 . The loan payable matures on November 14, 2024 55,022 81,299 November 20, 2023 ($ 90,900 ) - JJ (OR) Loan agreement with principal amount of $ 90,900 and repayment rate of 43.99 % for a total of $ 111,807 . The loan payable matures on November 14, 2024 46,270 77,039 Total loan payable $ 365,470 $ 534,239 9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company had the following related party transactions: ● Due to related party – From time to time, the Company loaned money to APIIS Financial Group, a company owned by James Chae, who is also the majority stockholder and CEO of the Company. The balance is non-interest bearing and due on demand. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance was $ 81,097 and $ 24,176 , respectively. ● Related party compensation - For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the compensation to James Chae was $ 42,154 and $ 112,048 , respectively. ● Combination of Entities Under Common Control - Effective October 2021, JJ transferred IP assets to James Chae, and then Mr. Chae contributed 100 % of the equity interests in each of the Entities (as defined in Note 1 above) to Yoshiharu Holdings Co., a California corporation (“Holdings”), for purposes of consolidating the Business operations into a single entity. Mr. Chae was issued an aggregate 3,205,000 shares in Holdings, which reflected the aggregate number of shares originally issued to Mr. Chae by the Entities, in exchange for 100 % of each Entity (on a 1 for 1 share exchange basis). In addition, effective October 2021, Mr. Chae transferred the IP to Holdings in exchange for the issuance of 6,245,900 shares in Holdings in order to bring his total shareholdings in Holdings up to an aggregate 9,450,900 shares. On December 9, 2021, the Company’s sole director at the time, James Chae, approved (a) a share exchange agreement whereby Mr. Chae, as the sole stockholder of Holdings, received 9,450,900 shares of Yoshiharu, representing 100 % of issued shares at that time, and Yoshiharu received all of the shares of Holdings, and (b) the redemption of 670,000 shares of Yoshiharu’s class A common stock from Mr. Chae whereby Yoshiharu would repurchase such shares from Mr. Chae at par value. ● Private Placement - In December 2021, the Company received subscriptions for the sale of 670,000 shares of class A common stock to investors for $ 2.00 per share, for total expected proceeds of $ 1,340,000 . Many of these investors are friends and family of James Chae. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had received $ 1,340,000 of the expected proceeds. ● Exchange class A common stock for class B common stock - Immediately prior to the IPO in September 2022, the Company exchanged 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock held by James Chae into 1,000,000 shares of class B common stock. 15 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 10. INCOME TAX Total income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following: SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX (BENEFIT) EXPENSE For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Current provision (benefit): Federal $ - $ - State - - Total current provision (benefit) - - Deferred provision (benefit): Federal - - State - - Total deferred provision (benefit) - - Total tax provision (benefit) $ - $ - A reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to the statutory federal rate is as follows: SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION EFFECTIVE TAX RATE TO THE STATUTORY FEDERAL RATE March 31, 2024 2023 Statutory federal rate 21.00 % 21.00 % State income taxes net of federal income tax benefit and others 8.84 % 8.84 % Permanent differences for tax purposes and others - % - % Change in valuation allowance - 29.84 % - 29.84 % Effective tax rate 0.00 % 0 % 16 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 10. INCOME TAX (Continued) The income tax benefit differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21 % and California state income taxes of 8.84 % due to the change in the valuation allowance. SCHEDULE OF INCOME TAX BENEFIT DIFFERS FROM THE AMOUNT COMPUTED March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss $ 1,622,000 $ 1,438,000 Other temporary differences - - Total deferred tax assets 1,622,000 1,438,000 Less – valuation allowance ( 1,622,000 ) ( 1,438,000 ) Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance $ - $ - Deferred income taxes reflect the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: As of December 31, 2023, the Company had available net operating loss carryovers of approximately $ 6,849,000 . Per the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) implemented in 2018, the two-year carryback provision was removed and now allows for an indefinite carryforward period. The carryforwards are limited to 80% of each subsequent year’s net income. As a result, net operating loss may be applied against future taxable income and expires at various dates subject to certain limitations. The Company has a deferred tax asset arising substantially from the benefits of such net operating loss deduction and has recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of this deferred tax asset since it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and California and is subject to income tax examinations by federal tax authorities for tax year ended 2018 and later and subject to California authorities for tax year ended 2017 and later. The Company currently is not under examination by any tax authority. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cumulative net operating loss carryforwards for federal tax purposes of approximately $ 7,725,000 . In addition, the Company had state tax net operating loss carryforwards of the same amount. The carryforwards may be applied against future taxable income and expires at various dates subject to certain limitations. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenance and other operating expenses from our real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. 17 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued) In accordance with ASC 842, the components of lease expense were as follows: SCHEDULE OF OPERATING LEASE EXPENSE For the three months ended 2024 2023 March 31, For the three months ended 2024 2023 Operating lease expense $ 245,587 $ 231,970 Total lease expense $ 245,587 $ 231,970 In accordance with ASC 842, other information related to leases was as follows: SCHEDULE OF OTHER INFORMATION RELATED TO OPERATING LEASES For the three months ended 2024 2023 Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 221,460 $ 178,693 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 221,460 $ 178,693 Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating leases 7.8 Years Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases 7 % SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS Operating Year ending: Lease 2024 (remaining nine months) $ 672,302 2025 923,862 2026 919,143 2027 882,733 2028 862,836 Thereafter 3,431,562 Total undiscounted cash flows $ 7,692,438 Reconciliation of lease liabilities: Weighted-average remaining lease terms 7.8 Years Weighted-average discount rate 7 % Present values $ 6,124,495 Lease liabilities—current 589,561 Lease liabilities—long-term 5,534,934 Lease liabilities—total $ 6,124,495 Difference between undiscounted and discounted cash flows $ 1,567,945 18 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Class A Common Stock The Company has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 49,000,000 shares of class A common stock with a par value of $ 0.0001 per share. Each share of class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally . See Note 1 and Note 8 above for details regarding the issuance and redemption of shares of the Company’s class A common stock to and from James Chae, the Company’s majority stockholder, in December 2021. In December 2021, the Company received subscriptions for the sale of 670,000 shares of class A common stock to investors for $ 2.00 per share, for total expected proceeds of $ 1,340,000 . As of March 31, 2022, the Company had received $ 1,340,000 of the expected proceeds. In September 2022, the Company consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of 2,940,000 shares of its class A common stock at a public offering price of $ 4.00 per share, generating gross proceeds of $ 11,760,000 . Net proceeds from the IPO was approximately $ 10.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses of approximately $ 1.5 million. Immediately prior to the IPO, the Company issued 549,100 shares of class A common stock as compensation to directors and consultants. The Company has accrued approximately $ 1.1 million of compensation expense at December 31, 2021 for the 549,100 shares at $ 2.00 per share, which the Company’s board of directors determined to reflect the then current fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock. Upon the issuance of the 549,100 shares, the accrued liability was adjusted to additional paid-in-capital. The Company also granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 441,000 additional shares (equal to 15 % of the shares of class A common stock sold in the IPO) to cover over-allotments, if any, which the underwriters did not exercise. In addition, the Company issued to the representative of the underwriters warrants to purchase a number of shares of class A common stock equal to 5.0 % of the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock sold in the IPO (including shares of Class A common stock sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option). The representative’s warrants will be exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-½-year period commencing six months from the date of commencement of the sales of the shares of Class A common stock in connection with the IPO, at an initial exercise price per share of $ 5.00 (equal to 125 % of the initial public offering price per share of class A common stock). No representative’s warrants have been exercised. On November 22, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split of its issued Common Stock in the ratio of 1-for-10 effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern on November 27, 2023. The Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis at the market open on Tuesday, November 28, 2023. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, any fractional shares that would have resulted from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the next whole number. As a result, a total of 34,846 shares of Class A common stock were issued and total of 1,230,246 shares of Class A common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The Reverse Stock Split affected all stockholders uniformly and did not alter any stockholder’s percentage interest in the Company’s outstanding Common Stock, except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares. The number of authorized shares of Common Stock of the Company and number of authorized, issued, and outstanding shares of the preferred stock of the Company were not changed. On January 5, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Alumni Capital LP, an accredited investor (“the Investor”), allowing the Company to sell up to $ 5,000,000 in Class A common stock to the Investor, subject to certain conditions including SEC approval of a registration statement. The Company controls the timing and amount of these sales until June 30, 2024, influenced by market conditions and trading prices. The shares will be sold at either 85% or 96% of the lowest trading price over the five days prior to closing, with specific limits on the amounts for each price option. The total shares sold cannot exceed 237,885 without stockholder approval, and the Investor’s ownership is capped at 9.99% of the outstanding shares. As consideration, the Company will issue 24,950 shares of Common Stock to the Investor, divided into two tranches. On January 9, 2024, Yoshiharu Global Co. issued 12,745 shares of Class A Common Stock as commitment shares pursuant to this agreement. On April 18, 2024, the Company amended the Securities Purchase Agreement with Alumni Capital LP to extended the commitment period ending on the earlier of (i) December 31, 2024, or (ii) the date on which the Investor shall have purchased Securities pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of the commitment amount. 19 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Continued) Class B Common Stock The Company has authorization to issue and have outstanding at any one time 1,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $ 0.0001 per share. The holders of class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share , and to vote together as a single class with holders of class A common stock with respect to any question or matter upon which holders of class A common stock have the right to vote, unless otherwise required by applicable law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The holders of class B common stock are entitled to dividends as declared by the Company’s Board of Directors from time to time at the same rate per share as the class A common stock. The holders of the class B common stock have the following conversion rights with respect to the class B common stock into shares of class A common stock: ● all of the shares of class B common stock will automatically convert into class A common stock on a one-for-one basis upon the earlier of (A) the date such shares cease to be beneficially owned by James Chae and (B) 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the date that James Chae ceases to beneficially own at least 25 % of the voting power of all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company; and ● at the election of the holder of class B common stock, any share of class B common stock may be voluntarily converted into one share of class A common stock. Immediately prior to the IPO in September 2022, the Company exchanged 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock held by James Chae into 1,000,000 shares of class B common stock. On November 22, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect the Reverse Stock Split of its issued Class B common stock in the ratio of 1-for-10 to be effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern on November 27, 2023. As a result, a total of 100,000 shares of Class B common stock were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. 13. EARNINGS PER SHARE The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the fiscal year. The Company did not have any dilutive common shares for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. 14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after March 31, 2023 up through the date the unaudited consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. Based upon the evaluation, except as disclosed below or within the footnotes, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements as of and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 except as follows: On May 3, 2024, the SEC barred BF Borgers CPA PC and its sole audit partner, Benjamin F. Borgers, from practicing before the SEC. Following this order, the Company’s Audit Committee unanimously decided to dismiss Borgers as their independent registered public accounting firm on May 7, 2024. Subsequently, on May 16, 2024, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of BCRG Group as the new independent auditor. During the two most recent fiscal years and up until May 16, 2024, the Company had no consultations with BCRG regarding accounting principles or audit opinions, and there were no disagreements or reportable events involving BCRG. On June 12, 2024, the Company executed an amended and restated asset purchase agreement with Mr. Jiyuck Hwang, allowing for separate closings of the restaurants at a lender’s request, effective as of April 20, 2024. The agreement involves the Company purchasing assets of three restaurant entities (Jjanga, HJH, and Aku) from Hwang for $ 1.8 million in cash, a $ 600,000 promissory note, and a $ 1.2 million convertible note. The promissory note will be repaid in two equal installments without interest, while the convertible note, maturing one year from closing, accrues 0.5 % interest annually and allows conversion into Class A common stock based on a specific price formula. Hwang will become Managing Director of the new Las Vegas restaurants under a three -year employment agreement with a base salary of $ 180,000 and potential bonuses based on performance. The agreement includes standard representations, warranties, indemnifications, and closing conditions, including an audit of target assets. On June 12, 2024, the Company closed the Acquisition for an aggregate $ 3.6 million and made amendment on July 5, 2024 to file the requisite financial statements required by the SEC. On June 21, 2024, the Company received a notification from Nasdaq indicating that the company failed to comply with the filing requirement of Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) due to its delayed Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2024. Nasdaq has given the company 60 days to submit a compliance plan, and if accepted, an exception period of up to 180 days (until December 16, 2024) to regain compliance. If the plan is not accepted, the Company can appeal to the Hearings Panel, but there is no assurance of a favorable outcome. Nasdaq also requires the Company to publicly announce the receipt of this notification within four days to avoid a trading halt. This disclosure was made via a Current Report on Form 8-K, with a related press release attached. 20 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ending December 31, 2023. As discussed in the section titled “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ending December 31, 2023. Overview of Yoshiharu Yoshiharu is a fast-growing Japanese restaurant operator and was borne out of the idea of introducing the modernized Japanese dining experience to customers all over the world. Specializing in Japanese ramen, Yoshiharu gained recognition as a leading ramen restaurant in Southern California within six months of our 2016 debut and has continued to expand our top-notch restaurant service across Southern California, currently owning and operating 11 restaurant stores with an additional 6 restaurant stores under construction/development/acquisition as of March 31, 2024. We take pride in our warm, hearty, smooth, and rich bone broth, which is slowly boiled for over 12 hours. Customers can taste and experience supreme quality and deep flavors. Combining the broth with the fresh, savory, and highest-quality ingredients, Yoshiharu serves the perfect, ideal ramen, as well as offers customers a wide variety of sushi rolls, bento menu and other favorite Japanese cuisine. Our acclaimed signature Tonkotsu Black Ramen has become a customer favorite with its slow cooked pork bone broth and freshly made, tender chashu (braised pork belly). Our mission is to bring our Japanese ramen and cuisine to the mainstream, by providing a meal that customers find comforting. Since the inception of the business, we have been making our own ramen broth and other key ingredients such as pork chashu and flavored eggs from scratch, whereby upholding the quality and taste of our foods, including the signature texture and deep, rich flavor of our handcrafted broth. Moreover, we believe that slowly cooking the bone broth makes it high in collagen and rich in nutrients. Yoshiharu also strives to present food that is not only healthy, but also affordable. We feed, entertain and delight our customers, with our active kitchens and bustling dining rooms providing happy hours, student and senior discounts, and special holiday events. As a result of our vision, customers can comfortably enjoy our food in a friendly and welcoming atmosphere. We operate in a large and rapidly growing market. We believe the consumer appetite for Asian cuisine is widespread across many demographics and grants us the opportunity to expand in both existing and new U.S. markets, as well as internationally. 21 Our Growth Strategies Pursue New Restaurant Development. We have pursued a disciplined new corporate owned growth strategy. Having expanded our concept and operating model across varying restaurant sizes and geographies, we plan to leverage our expertise opening new restaurants to fill in existing markets and expand into new geographies. While we currently aim to achieve in excess of 100% annual unit growth rate over the next three to five years, we cannot predict the time period of which we can achieve any level of restaurant growth or whether we will achieve this level of growth at all. Our ability to achieve new restaurant growth is impacted by a number of risks and uncertainties beyond our control, including but not limited to landlord delays; competition in existing and new markets, including competition for restaurant sites; and the lack of development and overall decrease in commercial real estate due to macroeconomic decline. We believe there is a significant opportunity to employ this strategy to open additional restaurants in our existing markets and in new markets with similar demographics and retail environments. Deliver Consistent Comparable Restaurant Sales Growth . We have achieved positive comparable restaurant sales growth in recent periods. We believe we will be able to generate future comparable restaurant sales growth by growing traffic through increased brand awareness, consistent delivery of a satisfying dining experience, new menu offerings, and restaurant renovations. We will continue to manage our menu and pricing as part of our overall strategy to drive traffic and increase average check. We are also exploring initiatives to grow sales of alcoholic beverages at our restaurants, including the potential of a larger format restaurant with a sake bar concept. In addition to the strategies stated above, we expect to initiate sales of franchises in 2024. Increase Profitability . We have invested in our infrastructure and personnel, which we believe positions us to continue to scale our business operations. As we continue to grow, we expect to drive higher profitability both at a restaurant-level and corporate-level by taking advantage of our increasing buying power with suppliers and leveraging our existing support infrastructure. Additionally, we believe we will be able to optimize labor costs at existing restaurants as our restaurant base matures and AUV’s increase. We believe that as our restaurant base grows, our general and administrative costs will increase at a slower rate than our sales. Heighten Brand Awareness . We intend to continue to pursue targeted local marketing efforts and plan to increase our investment in advertising. We also are exploring the development of instant ramen noodles which we would distribute through retail channels. We intend to explore partnerships with grocery retailers to provide small-format Yoshiharu kiosks in stores to promote a limited selection of Yoshiharu cuisine. Experienced Management Team Dedicated to Growth . Our team is led by experienced and passionate senior management who are committed to our mission. We are led by our Chief Executive Officer, James Chae. Mr. Chae founded Yoshiharu in 2016 and leads a team of talented professionals with deep financial, operational, culinary, and real estate experience. 22 Components of Our Results of Operations Revenues. Revenues represent sales of food and beverages in restaurants. Restaurant sales in a given period are directly impacted by the number of restaurants we operate and comparable restaurant sales growth. Food and beverage. Food and beverage costs are variable in nature, change with sales volume and are influenced by menu mix and subject to increases or decreases based on fluctuations in commodity costs. Other important factors causing fluctuations in food and beverage costs include seasonality and restaurant-level management of food waste. Food and beverage costs are a substantial expense and are expected to grow proportionally as our sales grow. Labor. Labor includes all restaurant-level management and hourly labor costs, including wages, employee benefits and payroll taxes. Similar to the food and beverage costs that we incur, labor and related expenses are expected to grow proportionally as our sales increase. Factors that influence fluctuations in our labor and related expenses include minimum wage and payroll tax legislation, the frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, healthcare costs and the performance of our restaurants. Rent and utilities. Rent and utilities include rent for all restaurant locations and related taxes. Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses are periodic non-cash charges that consist of depreciation of fixed assets, including equipment and capitalized leasehold improvements. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, ranging from three to ten years. Delivery and service fees. The Company’s customers may order online through third party service providers such as Uber Eats, Door Dash, Grubhub and others. These third-party service providers charge delivery and order fees to the Company. General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and regional supervision functions that support the operations of existing restaurants and development of new restaurants, including compensation and benefits, travel expenses, stock-based compensation expenses for corporate-level employees, legal and professional fees, marketing costs, information systems, corporate office rent and other related corporate costs. General and administrative expenses are expected to grow as our sales grows, including incremental legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses incurred as a public company. Advertising and marketing expenses. Advertising and marketing expenses include expenses associated with marketing campaigns and periodic advertising. Advertising and marketing expenses are expected to grow leading up to the planned openings of restaurant locations and is expected to stabilize as an average by location as our sales grow. Interest expense. Interest expense includes non-cash charges related to our capital lease obligations and bank notes payable. Income tax provision (benefit). Provision for income taxes represents federal, state and local current and deferred income tax expense. 23 Results of Operations Three months ended March 31, 2024 Compared to three months ended March 31, 2023 The following table presents selected comparative results of operations from our unaudited financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to three months ended March 31, 2023. Our financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicative of the financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Three months ended March 31, Increase / (Decrease) 2024 2023 $ % Revenue $ 2,811,609 $ 2,479,574 $ 332,035 13.4 % Restaurant operating expenses: Food, beverages and supplies 667,892 651,446 16,446 2.5 % Labor 1,286,534 1,138,067 148,467 13.0 % Rent and utilities 318,568 298,463 20,105 6.7 % Delivery and service fees 143,361 147,837 (4,476 ) -3.0 % Depreciation 170,682 128,270 42,412 33.1 % Total restaurant operating expenses 2,587,037 2,364,083 222,954 9.4 % Net restaurant operating income 224,572 115,491 109,081 94.4 % General and administrative 920,401 1,060,453 (140,052 ) -13.2 % Compensation to related party 42,154 112,048 (69,894 ) -62.4 % Advertising and marketing 33,904 26,342 7,562 28.7 % Total operating expenses 996,459 1,198,843 (202,384 ) -16.9 % Loss from operations (771,887 ) (1,083,352 ) 311,465 -28.8 % Other income (expense): Interest (104,318 ) (61,137 ) (43,181 ) 70.6 % Loss before income taxes (876,205 ) (1,144,489 ) 268,284 -23.4 % Income tax provision - - - N/A Net loss $ (876,205 ) $ (1,144,489 ) $ 268,284 -23.4 % Revenues. Revenues were $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $0.3 million, or 13.4%. The increase in sales for the three-month period was primarily driven by the three new restaurants opened in April 2023, December 2023, and February 2024. Food, beverage and supplies . Food, beverage and supplies costs were approximately $668 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $651 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $16 thousand, or 2.5%. The increase in costs for the three-month period was primarily driven by increases in revenues from the three new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, food, beverage and supply costs decreased to 23.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 26.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in costs as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by the increases in purchasing power of the Company. 24 Labor . Labor and related costs were approximately $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $0.2 million, or 13.0%. The increase in costs was largely driven by additional labor costs incurred with respect to the three new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, labor and related costs was 45.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 45.9% in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Rent and utilities . Rent and utilities expenses were approximately $319 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $298 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $20 thousand, or 6.7%. The increase was primarily a result of three new restaurants opened. As a percentage of sales, rent and utilities ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased to 11.3% compared to 12.0% in the prior period due to the decrease utility expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2024. Delivery and service fees . Delivery and service fees incurred were approximately $143 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $148 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a comparable expenses as more customers preferred in-dining rather than take-out during the post-Covid period. As a percentage of sales, delivery and service fees ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased to 5.1% compared to 6.0% in the prior period due to the decrease of take-out sales in the sales mix between the in-dining and take-out. Depreciation and amortization expenses . Depreciation and amortization expenses incurred were approximately $171 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $128 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing an increase of approximately $43 thousand, or 33.1%. The increase was primarily due to the three new restaurants in the three months ended March 31, 2023. 25 General and administrative expenses . General and administrative expenses were approximately $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a decrease of approximately $0.2 million or 13.2%. This decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the management efforts to control various professional service fees and corporate-level costs while maintaining the corporate level support for the restaurant operations. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased to 32.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 from 42.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to the management efforts. Related party compensation: Compensation to James Chae was approximately $42 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $112 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, representing a decrease of approximately $70 thousand in an effort to control the expenses. As a percentage of sales, related party compensation was 1.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 4.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Key Performance Indicators In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a variety of financial and performance measures. The key measures for determining how our business is performing include sales, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Restaurant-level Operating Profit, Restaurant-level Operating Profit margin, Average Unit Volumes (“AUVs”), comparable restaurant sales performance, and the number of restaurant openings. Revenue Revenue represents sales of food and beverages in restaurants, as shown on our statements of income. Several factors affect our restaurant sales in any given period including the number of restaurants in operation, guest traffic and average check. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA plus stock-based compensation expense, non-cash lease expense and asset disposals, closure costs and restaurant impairments, as well as certain items, such as employee retention credit, litigation accrual, and certain executive transition costs, that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by sales. EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP measures which are intended as supplemental measures of our performance and are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We believe that EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. However, these measures may not provide a complete understanding of the operating results of the Company as a whole and such measures should be reviewed in conjunction with our GAAP financial results. We believe that the use of EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial measures with those of comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be aware when evaluating EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. In addition, our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion. Because of these limitations, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental basis. You should review the reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. 26 The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA: Three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Net loss, as reported $ (876,205 ) $ (1,144,489 ) Interest, net 104,318 61,137 Depreciation and amortization 170,682 128,270 EBITDA (601,205 ) (955,082 ) Restaurants opening costs (a) 57,658 233,546 Adjusted EBITDA $ (543,547 ) $ (721,236 ) (a) Represents expenses incurred to secure the restaurant locations under development and costs to reserve back-office managers to manage those restaurants. Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution Margin Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We believe that Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. We expect Restaurant-level Contribution to increase in proportion to the number of new restaurants we open and our comparable restaurant sales growth. We present Restaurant-level Contribution because it excludes the impact of general and administrative expenses, which are not incurred at the restaurant-level. We also use Restaurant-level Contribution to measure operating performance and returns from opening new restaurants. Restaurant- level Contribution margin allows us to evaluate the level of Restaurant-level Contribution generated from sales. However, you should be aware that Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin are financial measures which are not indicative of overall results for the Company, and Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin do not accrue directly to the benefit of stockholders because of corporate-level expenses excluded from such measures. In addition, when evaluating Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant- level Contribution margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin in the same fashion. Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant- level Contribution margin have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. 27 The following table reconciles net restaurant operating income to Restaurant-level Contribution and Restaurant-level Contribution margin for the years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023: Three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Net restaurant operating income, as reported $ 224,572 $ 115,491 ) Depreciation and amortization 170,682 128,270 Restaurant-level Contribution $ 395,254 $ 243,761 Operating profit margin 8.0 % 4.7 % Restaurant-level Contribution Margin (a) 14.1 % 9.8 % (a) Represents restaurant-level contribution divided by revenue. Average Unit Volumes (AUVs) “Average Unit Volumes” or “AUVs” consist of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for 3 months or longer at the end of the period presented. AUVs are calculated by dividing (x) annual sales for the year presented for all such restaurants by (y) the total number of restaurants in that base. We make fractional adjustments to sales for restaurants that were not open for the entire year presented (such as a restaurant closed for renovation) to annualize sales for such period of time. This measurement allows management to assess changes in consumer spending patterns at our restaurants and the overall performance of our restaurant base. The following table shows the AUVs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively: Three months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Average Unit Volumes $ 1,054,111 $ 1,239,787 Liquidity and Capital Resources Our primary uses of cash are for operational expenditures and capital investments, including new restaurants, costs incurred for restaurant remodels and restaurant fixtures. Historically, our main sources of liquidity have been cash flows from operations, borrowings from banks, and sales of common shares. We believe that the expected cash flow from operations and the proceeds from the sales of equity to Alumni pursuant to our equity line agreement will be adequate to fund operating lease obligations, capital expenditures and working capital obligations for at least the next 12 months and thereafter. 28 Summary of Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Statement of Cash Flow Data: Net cash used in operating activities $ (373,196 ) $ (1,768,802 ) Net cash used in investing activities (356,642 ) (938,984 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 623,250 412,785 Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities Net cash used in operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 was $373,196 which resulted from net loss of $876,205, non-cash charges of $170,682 for depreciation and amortization and net cash inflows of $332,327 from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The net loss was significantly lower for the period relative to prior periods as a result of management efforts to control general and administrative expenses. The net cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the result of an increase due to related party by 581,027, which was offset by the increases in accounts receivable and other assets by $271,279 and inventory by $4,128 and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses by $26,707. Net cash used in operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2023 was $1,768,802, which resulted from net loss of $1,144,489, non-cash charges of $128,270 for depreciation and amortization and net cash outflows of $752,583 from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The net loss was significantly higher for the period relative to prior periods as a result of restaurant startup costs and increased general and administrative expenses. The net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily the result of an increase in other assets by $709,109 and a payment to related party of $155,753, which was offset by decreases in inventory and increases in other liabilities of $112,279. The increase in other assets of $709,109 primarily consists of a payment of $294,276 in escrow to purchase a restaurant in Southern California and an investment of $300,000 in a financial company for a fixed interest income. Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $356,642 and $938,984, respectively. These expenditures in each period are primarily related to purchases of property and equipment in connection with current and future restaurant openings. Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $623,250 due to $812,000 cash received through bank borrowings, offset by $252,899 of repayment of bank borrowings and loan payable to financial institutions. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $412,785 due to $500,000 cash received through line of credit, offset by $87,215 of repayment of bank borrowings. 29 Contractual Obligations The following table presents our commitments and contractual obligations as of March 31, 2024, as well as our long-term obligations: Payments due by period as of March 31, 2024 Total 2024 (remaining nine months) 2025-2026 2027-2028 Thereafter Capital lease payments $ 7,692,438 $ 672,302 $ 1,843,005 $ 1,745,569 $ 3,431,562 Bank note payables 2,136,804 685,978 781,863 392,398 276,565 EIDL loan payables 423,260 7,931 22,273 24,004 369,052 Loans payable to financial institutions 365,470 365,470 - - - Total contractual obligations $ 10,617,972 $ 1,731,681 $ 2,647,141 $ 2,161,971 $ 4,077,179 Income Taxes The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and California state jurisdictions. We are considered a U.S. corporation and a regarded entity for U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. Accordingly, a provision will be recorded for the anticipated tax consequences of our reported results of operations for U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes. JOBS Act Accounting Election We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various public company reporting requirements for up to five years or until we are no longer an emerging growth company, whichever is earlier. The JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements As of March 31, 2024, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements. Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to utilize estimates and make judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The estimates are evaluated by management on an ongoing basis, and the results of these evaluations form a basis for making decisions about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable. The critical accounting policies affecting our financial reporting are summarized in Note 2 to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We have determined that all other issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements are inapplicable or insignificant to us and once adopted are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position. 30 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. We are a smaller reporting company as defined by 17 C.F.R. 229.10(f)(1) and are not required to provide information under this item. Item 4. Controls and Procedures. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of March 31, 2024. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (a) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms and (b) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding any required disclosure. Management has identified control deficiencies regarding inadequate accounting resources, the lack of segregation of duties and the need for a stronger internal control environment. Management of the Company believes that these material weaknesses are due to the small size of the Company’s accounting staff. The small size of the Company’s accounting outsourced staff may prevent adequate controls in the future due to the cost/benefit of such remediation. To mitigate the current limited resources and limited employees, we rely heavily on direct management oversight of transactions, along with the use of external legal and accounting professionals. As we grow, we expect to increase our number of employees, which will enable us to implement adequate segregation of duties within the internal control framework. These control deficiencies could result in a misstatement of account balances that would result in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to our financial statements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In light of this material weakness, we performed additional analyses and procedures in order to conclude that our financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were fairly stated in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, management believes that despite our material weaknesses, our financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 are fairly stated, in all material respects, in accordance with GAAP. Internal Control Over Financial Reporting This annual report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies. Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. 31 PART II—OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings. In the future, the Company may be subject to various legal proceedings from time to time as part of its business. We and our subsidiaries are not currently a party, nor is our property subject, to any material pending legal proceedings. Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. None. Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Not applicable. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Item 5. Other Information During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K. Item 6. Exhibits. The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference : 10.1* Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 18, 2024, by and between the Company and Alumni Capital LP. 31.1* Certification of James Chae pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2* Certification of Soojae Ryan Cho pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1** Certification of James Chae pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2** Certification of Soojae Ryan Cho pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) * Filed herewith. ** Furnished herewith. 32 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. August 13, 2024 YOSHIHARU GLOBAL CO. By: /s/ James Chae Name: James Chae Title: Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 33