Vivakor, Inc. 10-Q

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS VIVAKOR, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 (Unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 767,273 $ 744,307 Accounts receivable 4,026,076 2,458,730 Accounts receivable- related party 158,227 174,083 Prepaid expenses 166,269 74,876 Marketable securities 413,188 495,826 Inventories 57,780 44,632 Other assets 1,233,930 1,118,188 Total current assets 6,822,743 5,110,642 Other investments 4,000 4,000 Notes receivable 215,475 213,168 Property and equipment, net 26,555,136 24,299,317 Right of use assets- operating leases 1,444,994 1,534,870 License agreements, net 1,621,117 1,651,324 Intellectual property, net 22,785,452 23,437,654 Goodwill 14,984,768 14,984,768 Total assets $ 74,433,685 $ 71,235,743 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 16,957,365 $ 16,578,642 Accounts payable and accrued expenses- related parties 3,686,483 1,933,817 Accrued compensation 1,741,854 1,968,063 Operating lease liabilities, current 308,036 435,906 Finance lease liabilities, current 722,925 963,900 Loans and notes payable, current 4,725,703 2,477,970 Loans and notes payable, current- related parties 15,629,061 15,626,168 Total current liabilities 43,771,427 39,984,466 Operating lease liabilities, long term 1,230,622 1,193,915 Finance lease liabilities, long term 1,977,177 1,852,178 Loans and notes payable, long term 1,163,898 856,034 Loans and notes payable, long term- related parties 5,590,007 5,590,008 Long-term debt (working interest royalty programs) 4,672,300 4,433,630 Deferred tax liability 88,323 88,323 Total liabilities 58,493,754 53,998,554 Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $ 0.001 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding Common stock, $ 0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 26,520,508 and 26,220,508 were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively 26,521 26,221 Additional paid-in capital 83,710,538 83,097,553 Treasury stock, at cost ( 20,000 ) ( 20,000 ) Accumulated deficit ( 67,790,641 ) ( 65,908,406 ) Total Vivakor, Inc. stockholders’ equity 15,926,418 17,195,368 Noncontrolling interest 13,513 41,821 Total stockholders’ equity 15,939,931 17,237,189 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 74,433,685 $ 71,235,743 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 1 VIVAKOR, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) March 31, 2024 2023 Revenues Product revenue - third parties $ 12,913,165 $ 11,194,467 Product revenue - related party 3,108,226 4,350,405 Total revenues 16,021,391 15,544,872 Cost of revenues 14,953,254 14,031,714 Gross profit 1,068,137 1,513,158 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing 11,040 589 General and administrative 1,664,966 1,852,921 Amortization and depreciation 1,009,053 784,520 Total operating expenses 2,685,059 2,638,030 Loss from operations ( 1,616,922 ) ( 1,124,872 ) Other income (expense): Unrealized loss on marketable securities ( 82,638 ) ( 495,826 ) Gain on deconsolidation of subsidiary 177,550 - Interest income 2,307 - Interest expense ( 444,040 ) ( 451,294 ) Interest expense- related parties - ( 754,375 ) Other income 54,000 10,000 Total other income (expense) ( 292,821 ) ( 1,691,495 ) Loss before provision for income taxes ( 1,909,743 ) ( 2,816,367 ) Provision for income taxes ( 800 ) ( 800 ) Consolidated net loss ( 1,910,543 ) ( 2,817,167 ) Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 28,308 ) ( 282,575 ) Net loss attributable to Vivakor, Inc. $ ( 1,882,235 ) $ ( 2,534,592 ) Basic and diluted net loss per share $ ( 0.07 ) $ ( 0.14 ) Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 26,391,937 18,064,838 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 2 VIVAKOR, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Series A Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Treasury Accumulated Non-controlling Total Stockholders’ Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Stock Deficit Interest Equity December 31, 2023 - $ - 26,220,508 $ 26,221 $ 83,097,553 $ ( 20,000 ) $ ( 65,908,406 ) $ 41,821 $ 17,237,189 Issuance of common stock for a reduction of liabilities - - 300,000 300 285,000 - - - 285,300 Stock based compensation - - - - 327,985 - - - 327,985 Net loss - - - - - - ( 1,882,235 ) ( 28,308 ) ( 1,910,543 ) March 31, 2024 (unaudited) - $ - 26,520,508 $ 26,521 $ 83,710,538 $ ( 20,000 ) $ ( 67,790,641 ) $ 13,513 $ 15,939,931 Series A Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Treasury Accumulated Non-controlling Total Stockholders’ Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Stock Deficit Interest (Deficit) December 31, 2022 - $ - 18,064,838 $ 18,065 $ 74,026,163 $ ( 20,000 ) $ ( 55,169,781 ) $ 8,206,614 $ 27,061,061 Distributions by noncontrolling interest - - - - - - - ( 289,002 ) ( 289,002 ) Issuance of noncontrolling interest for a reduction of debt - - - - - - - 710,000 710,000 Net loss - - - - - - ( 2,534,592 ) ( 282,575 ) ( 2,817,167 ) March 31, 2023 (unaudited) - $ - 18,064,838 $ 18,065 $ 74,026,163 $ ( 20,000 ) $ ( 57,704,373 ) $ 8,345,037 $ 24,664,892 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 3 VIVAKOR, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) March 31, 2024 2023 OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Consolidated net loss $ ( 1,910,543 ) $ ( 2,817,167 ) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 1,009,053 784,520 Forgiveness of liabilities - ( 10,000 ) Stock-based compensation 327,985 - Unrealized loss- marketable securities 82,638 495,826 Gain on deconsolidation of variable interest entity ( 177,550 ) - Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 1,551,490 ) 1,191,512 Prepaid expenses ( 91,393 ) ( 59,109 ) Inventory ( 13,148 ) ( 22,818 ) Other assets ( 115,742 ) ( 70,531 ) Right of use assets- finance leases - 261,939 Right of use assets- operating leases 89,876 84,616 Financing lease liabilities - ( 41,985 ) Operating lease liabilities ( 91,163 ) ( 502,914 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 426,581 ( 1,775,681 ) Interest on notes receivable ( 2,307 ) - Interest on notes payable 187,524 1,205,669 Net cash used in operating activities ( 1,829,679 ) ( 1,276,123 ) INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of equipment ( 1,028,885 ) ( 883,819 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 1,028,885 ) ( 883,819 ) FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Payment on financing lease liabilities ( 115,976 ) - Proceeds from loans and notes payable 3,002,192 1,988,797 Proceeds from loans and notes payable- related party - 345,000 Payment of notes payable- related party ( 4,686 ) ( 367,727 ) Distributions to noncontrolling interest - ( 289,002 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 2,881,530 1,677,068 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 22,966 ( 482,874 ) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 744,307 3,182,793 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD $ 767,273 $ 2,699,919 SUPPLEMENTAL CASHFLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid during the year for: Interest $ 2,193 $ 851,005 Income taxes $ - $ - Noncash transactions : Accounts payable on purchase of equipment $ 1,207,577 $ 406,653 Noncontrolling interest issued for a reduction in liabilities $ - $ 710,000 Capitalized interest on construction in process $ 318,447 $ 237,978 Equity issued with debt $ 285,300 $ - Note receivable received in exchange for sale of subsidiary $ 7,500,000 $ - See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 4 VIVAKOR, INC. NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) Note 1. Basis of Presentation Interim Financial Information The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2023 that were filed with our Form 10-K. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare the audited annual consolidated financial statements and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, necessary for the fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024. Deconsolidation of VivaSphere On September 7, 2023 we entered into an Acquisition Agreement (the “Agreement”) to sell 100% of the common stock of VivaSphere, Inc. (“VivaSphere”) and its assets, which were completely impaired by the Company in the fiscal year 2022, to a private buyer. The transaction closed on February 15, 2024. Under the terms of the Agreement, the purchase price of approximately $ 7.5 million consists of a promissory note payable (the “Convertible Note”) to the Company payable in full four years after the closing date, and the note is convertible into shares of the buyer’s common stock after it becomes a public company. In the event the buyer does not close a transaction with a public company within one year from the close of the transaction, then the Company has the right to foreclose on and repossess the assets. The Convertible Note is convertible into common shares, which has a ceiling of 17.99% of the total number of shares outstanding. The “Conversion Price” shall equal the greater of (a) $0.75 per share or (b) the lesser of (i) 90% of the volume weighted average price for the Common Stock trade occurring during the ten (10) consecutive trading days of the Common Stock immediately preceding the applicable Conversion Date on which the Company elects to convert all or part of this Note or (ii) $2.25 per share. Due to uncertainty of the collectability of the principal amount of the Convertible Note, we have established an allowance for the entire amount, and we have not accrued any interest receivable in connection with the Convertible Note. In accordance with ASC 810, as of October 1, 2023, we deconsolidated Viva Wealth Fund I, LLC (VWFI), recognizing a gain on deconsolidation of $ 438,099 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, and as of February 15, 2024 we deconsolidated Vivasphere, Inc. (Vivasphere), recognizing a gain of $ 177,550 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The assets, liabilities and equity related to VWFI and Vivasphere were removed from our financial statements on their respective deconsolidation dates, resulting in the gains on deconsolidation. Long Lived Assets The Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the expected future cash flow from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized and measured using the fair value of the related asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company continued to build its wash plant to commence operations at its Houston, Texas site. The Company evaluated, and determined that there was no trigger event, and therefore there was no impairment incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that market conditions will not change or demand for the Company’s services will continue, which could result in impairment of long-lived assets in the future. Intangible Assets and Goodwill We account for intangible assets and goodwill in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”). We assess our intangible assets in accordance with ASC 360 “ Property, Plant, and Equipment ” (“ASC 360”). Impairment testing is required when events occur that indicate an asset group may not be recoverable (“triggering events”). As detailed in ASC 360-10-35-21, the following are examples of such events or changes in circumstances (sometimes referred to as impairment indicators or triggers): (a) A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset (asset group) (b) A significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset (asset group) is being used or in its physical condition. (c) A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset (asset group), including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator (d) An accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset (asset group) (e) A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset (asset group) (f) A current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The term more likely than not refers to a level of likelihood that is more than 50 percent. We performed an analysis and assessed no triggering event has occurred, and no impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2024. 5 Revenue Recognition For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our sales consist of storage services and the sale of crude oil or like products. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, disaggregated revenue by customer type was as follows: $ 12,913,165 in crude oil sales and $ 2,657,906 in product related to natural gas liquids sales. Related Party Revenues We sell crude oil or like products and provide storage services to related parties under long-term contracts. We acquired these contracts in our August 1, 2022 acquisition of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC and White Claw Colorado City, LLC. Our revenue from related parties for 2024 and 2023 was $ 2,657,906 and $ 4,350,405 . Major Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk The Company has two major customers, which account for approximately 100 % of the balance of accounts receivable as of March 31, 2024 and 2023. Our two major customers (one of which is a related party) account for approximately 99 % of the Company’s revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Advertising Expense Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. The Company did no t incur advertising expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Net Income/Loss Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by subtracting any preferred interest distributions from net income (loss), all divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method if their effect is dilutive. Potential dilutive instruments have been excluded from the calculation of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding when the Company is in a net loss position. For the three months March 31, 2024 and 2023 our potential dilutive instruments were excluded from the weighted-average calculation as they were antidilutive. Potential dilutive instruments as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 include the following: convertible notes payable convertible into approximately 224,560 and 14,560 shares of common stock, stock options and awards granted to previous and current employees of 2,281,673 and 1,421,760 shares of common stock, stock options and awards granted to Board members or consultants of 690,304 and 395,139 shares of common stock. The Company issued free standing stock options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of our common stock to a third party in a bundled transaction with debt during 2023 (see Note 9). The Company also has a warrant outstanding to purchase 80,000 shares of common stock as of March 31, 2024 and 2023. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We believe our critical accounting estimates relate to the following: Recoverability of current and noncurrent assets, stock-based compensation, income taxes, effective interest rates related to long-term debt, lease assets and liabilities, valuation of stock used to acquire assets, derivatives, and fair values of the intangible assets and goodwill. While our estimates and assumptions are based on our knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions. 6 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. ASC 820 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to existing generally accepted accounting principles that requires the use of fair value measurements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. The adoption of ASC 820 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position or operating results but did expand certain disclosures. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, ASC 820 requires the use of valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized below: Level 1: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Level 3: Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (“FASB”) accounting standard for such instruments. Under this standard, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for marketable securities are classified as Level 1 assets due to observable quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their estimated fair market values based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. The recorded values of notes payable approximate their current fair values because of their nature, rates, and respective maturity dates or durations. Note 2. Going Concern & Liquidity We have historically suffered net losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations, and as of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately ( 67,790,641 ) $67.8 million. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, we had a working capital deficit of approximately $ 37 million and $ 6.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash of approximately $ 767 thousand. As of March 31, 2024, we have current obligations to pay approximately $20.4 million of debt. Of the $20.4 million, $15.3 million can be satisfied through the issuance of registered common stock under the terms of the debt. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, subject to available cash flows, the Company continued to develop its technologies, its strategy to monetize its intellectual properties and execute its business plan. To date we have financed our operations primarily through debt financing, private and public equity offerings and our working interest agreements. For the fiscal year 2023 we raised approximately $3 million through debt financings with individual investors, $2.2 million through a sale lease back agreement, and during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we raised an additional $3 million through additional debt financing (Note 9). The Company entered into merger and acquisition agreements with anticipated closing dates in 2024, which were disclosed with our Form 10-K. Even though these merger and acquisition transactions are projected to close in 2024 and yield substantial cash flow that may provide adequate working capital to finance its day-to-day operations and current obligations, these events were not considered probable as of March 31, 2024 because they have not closed as of the date of our filing. Based on the above, we believe there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has prepared the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis. If the Company encounters unforeseen circumstances that place constraints on its capital resources, management will be required to take various measures to conserve liquidity. Management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be able to execute its plans to raise additional capital, close its merger and acquisitions, or that its operations or business plan will be profitable. 7 Note 3. Accounts receivable As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, an allowance for doubtful accounts of none was deemed necessary. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, trade accounts receivable of $ 82,227 and $ 152,083 are with a vendor of which our CEO is a beneficiary. In 2023 we began subleasing office space to a tenant where the officers of WealthSpace, LLC, Fund Manager of Viva Wealth Fund I, LLC, also manage the tenant of our sublease. The tenant owes rent of $ 76,000 to the Company as of March 31, 2024. Note 4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had other assets of $ 1,233,930 and $ 1,118,188 . Our other assets consist of various deposits with vendors, professional service agents, or security deposits on office and warehouse leases, including operating lease deposits in the amount of $ 292,249 and $ 214,500 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a deposit for a reclamation bond with the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining in the amount of $ 14,288 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and finance lease deposits of $ 941,680 and $ 889,400 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which will be returned at the end of the finance leases after we have complied with the terms of the lease. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our prepaid expenses of $ 166,269 and $ 74,876 mainly consists of prepaid insurances. Note 5. Inventories As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and 2022, inventories of $ 57,780 and $ 44,632 consist of crude oil. The crude oil is related to our oil gathering facility in Delhi, Louisiana. Note 6. Property and Equipment The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s property and equipment at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: Schedule of property and equipment, net March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Depreciation Net Book Value Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Depreciation Net Book Value Office furniture $ 14,998 $ 8,301 $ 6,697 $ 14,998 $ 7,823 $ 7,175 Vehicles 36,432 35,218 1,214 36,432 33,396 3,036 Equipment 942,880 470,111 472,769 942,880 435,260 507,620 Property 17,000 - 17,000 17,000 - 17,000 Finance lease- Right of use assets 3,579,544 1,746,263 1,833,281 3,579,544 1,484,324 2,095,220 Construction in process: Wash Plant Facilities 4,534,723 - 4,534,723 3,344,968 - 3,344,968 Cavitation device 72,201 - 72,201 72,201 - 72,201 Remediation Processing Unit 1 4,506,664 - 4,506,664 4,464,513 - 4,464,513 Remediation Processing Unit 2 8,477,631 - 8,477,631 8,187,425 - 8,187,425 Remediation Processing Unit System A 2,875,502 - 2,875,502 2,795,391 - 2,795,391 Remediation Processing Unit System B 2,875,502 - 2,875,502 2,795,391 - 2,795,391 WCCC Tank Expansion 881,952 - 881,952 9,377 - 9,377 Total fixed assets $ 28,815,029 $ 2,259,893 $ 26,555,136 $ 26,260,120 $ 1,960,803 $ 24,299,317 For the three months ending March 31, 2024 and 2023, depreciation expense was $ 37,151 . Equipment that is currently being manufactured is considered construction in process and is not depreciated until the equipment is placed into service. Equipment that is temporarily not in service is not depreciated until placed into service. 8 Note 7. Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s intangible assets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: Schedule of components of intellectual property March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value Extraction Technology patents $ 113,430 $ 20,573 $ 92,857 $ 113,430 $ 18,905 $ 94,525 Extraction Technology 16,385,157 7,509,864 8,875,293 16,385,157 7,305,049 9,080,108 Acquired crude oil contracts 16,788,760 2,971,458 13,817,302 16,788,760 2,525,739 14,263,021 Total intangible assets $ 33,287,347 $ 10,501,895 $ 22,785,452 $ 33,287,347 $ 9,849,693 $ 23,437,654 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows: Schedule of goodwill Goodwill January 1, 2023 $ 12,678,108 Business combination acquisition (1) 2,306,660 December 31, 2023 $ 14,984,768 March 31, 2024 $ 14,984,768 (1) The measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination is based on preliminary estimates made by management and subject to adjustment within twelve months. Management hired a valuation expert who performed a valuation study to calculate the fair value of the acquired assets, assumed liabilities and goodwill within twelve months. Based on the valuation study, we increased the fair value of goodwill and decreased the value of the acquired contracts by $2.3 million in 2023. Note 8. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following: Schedule of accounts payable and accrued expenses March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Accounts payable $ 5,442,670 $ 5,226,071 Unearned revenue 9,107,297 9,107,297 Accrued interest (various notes and loans payable) 256,825 178,999 Accrued interest (working interest royalty programs) 1,480,026 1,396,528 Accrued tax penalties and interest 670,547 669,747 Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 16,957,365 $ 16,578,642 Schedule of accounts payable and accrued expenses related parties March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Accounts payable and accrued expenses- related parties $ 3,686,483 $ 1,933,817 Accrued compensation $ 1,741,854 $ 1,968,063 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our accounts payable are primarily made up of trade payable for the purchase of crude oil. Trade accounts payables in the amount of $ 3,433,706 and $ 1,933,817 is with a vendor who our CEO is a beneficiary of. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accounts payable related to services rendered of $ 252,777 and $ 178,325 , which are not trade payables, are with a vendor who our CEO is a beneficiary of. 9 As of March 31, 2024, accrued compensation to current employees includes $ 109,467 in accrued vacation pay due to our Chief Executive Officer, which may be payable in cash or stock if unused, and $ 1,176,491 due to our Chief Financial Officer, with $ 62,260 in accrued sick and vacation pay that may be payable in cash if unused, and the remainder paid in cash. On March 8, 2024, we gave our Chief Financial Officer formal notice that his current employment agreement will terminate on June 8, 2024 in accordance with its terms. We are currently negotiating with him regarding extending his employment beyond June 8, 2024. If we are not able to successfully negotiate a new employment agreement with Mr. Nelson then the non-renewal of his employment agreement constitutes a termination for good reason under Mr. Nelson’s employment agreement and triggers the following payment/performance obligations under the employment agreement: 1. Monthly severance payments of the executive’s then base salary for 12 months commencing June 9, 2024. 2. All accrued, unused vacation and accrued compensation (or $1,176,491 as of March 31, 2024) is due and payable in one lump sum cash payment to the executive on June 8, 2024. 3. We will continue to reimburse the executive for his executive healthcare benefits for 12 months or pay for COBRA coverage until the earlier of the expiration of 12 months, the expiration of COBRA coverage, or the date when the executive becomes eligible for substantially equivalent healthcare coverage with new employment. 4. We will pay for the executive’s benefit for outplacement services for 12 months with an outplacement firm selected by the executive. 5. 100% of the executives then unvested stock option shares vest and become fully exercisable for a period of 3 years following the termination date. Note 9. Loans and Notes Payable Loans and notes payable and their maturities consist of the following: Third party debt: Schedule of loans and notes payable March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Various promissory notes and convertible notes $ 50,960 $ 50,960 Novus Capital Group LLC Note (a) - 171,554 National Buick GMC 13,556 13,556 Blue Ridge Bank (d) 410,200 410,200 Small Business Administration 349,579 299,900 Al Dali International for Gen. Trading & Cont. Co. 1,048,411 974,594 RSF, LLC 500,000 500,000 Keke Mingo 934,930 913,240 Cedarview Opportunities Master Fund LP (c) 2,581,965 - Total notes payable $ 5,889,601 $ 3,334,004 Loans and notes payable, current $ 4,725,703 $ 2,477,970 Loans and notes payable, long term $ 1,163,898 $ 856,034 Related party debt: Schedule of loans and notes payable related parties March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Various variable interest promissory notes- related parties $ - $ - Jorgan Development, LLC (b) 20,838,558 20,841,052 Triple T Notes 380,510 375,124 Total notes payable- related parties $ 21,219,068 $ 21,216,176 Loans and notes payable, current- related parties $ 15,629,061 $ 15,626,168 Loans and notes payable, long term- related parties $ 5,590,007 $ 5,590,008 10 Schedule of maturities of loans and notes payable 2024 $ 19,525,220 2025 7,244,251 2026 37,007 2027 17,232 2028 17,232 Thereafter 267,727 Total $ 27,108,669 (a) As of the date of this report, this note encumbered our ammonia synthesis assets, which were sold on February 15, 2024, and the Company was released by the lender from this liability. (b) On August 1, 2022, we closed a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, (the “MIPA”), with Jorgan Development, LLC, (“Jorgan”) and JBAH Holdings, LLC (“JBAH”), as the equity holders of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC (“SFD”) and White Claw Colorado City, LLC (“WCCC”) whereby, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests in each of SFD and WCCC, making SFD and WCCC wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. On March 31, 2024, we entered into an agreement with the lender, who is controlled by our Chief Financial Officer, that the Threshold Payment date, which was originally February 1, 2024, was extended to February 1, 2025. Additionally, the Threshold Payment as defined in the MIPA, and the corresponding right of the sellers in the MIPA transaction to unwind the MIPA transaction, will expire upon the earliest to occur of (a) payment of the Threshold Payment in full on or before February 1, 2025, (b) the closing of the proposed merger transaction with Empire, or (c) the closing of the proposed acquisition of the Endeavor entities. (c) On February 5, 2024, we issued a secured promissory note to Cedarview Opportunities Master Fund LP, in the principal amount of $3,000,000, in relation to a Loan and Security Agreement by and between the Company, its subsidiaries, and the lender. The Company will use the proceeds of the Note for general working capital purposes and to repay certain indebtedness. The Company received the funds on February 6, 2024, minus a 3% origination fee. To secure repayment of the note, the Company issued the lender a security interest in the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company also issued an irrevocable letter to its transfer agent to reserve 3,000,000 shares of its common stock until the note is repaid. If the Company defaults on the repayment of the note then the transfer agent will transfer the shares to the Lender for the lender to sell until the amounts due under the note are repaid in full and return any remaining shares. The Company will repay the amounts due under the note as follows: first three months are interest only payments, which the Company prepaid at closing, and then twelve equal monthly installment payments of interest plus $250,000, which must be made on or before May 5, 2025 (the maturity date). The Company’s obligation to repay the funds is guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiaries, which are signatories to the Agreement and a corresponding Guaranty. As additional consideration for the lender loaning us the principal amount, Jorgan Development, LLC (“Jorgan”), an entity controlled by James Ballengee, our Chief Executive Officer, and James H. Ballengee as an individual executed a Subordination Agreement under which Jorgan and Mr. Ballengee agreed to subordinate the security interest they have in our assets securing obligations due to them to the security interest granted to the lender under the agreement. The Company paid a finder $70,000 in relation to obtaining the loan and issued the lender 300,000 shares of its common stock at $0.951 per share, restricted in accordance with Rule 144, as additional consideration for the loan, which was recorded as a discount against the face amount of the note. (d) The Company is no longer seeking forgiveness of these loans and will repay these loans in cash. Note 10. Share-Based Compensation & Warrants Stock Options & Awards Generally accepted accounting principles require share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, warrants, and common stock to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values at the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. The Company has granted stock-based compensation to employees, including stock awards in conjunction with the CEO’s October 2022 employment agreement. We issued additional stock awards of 245,536 that vest between quarterly for 12 months to cliff vesting in 12 and 18 months in conjunction with another employee’s contract, which we entered into in July 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, stock-based compensation was $ 327,985 . In January 2023, a new Board of Directors was nominated and approved. Two new independent Board members were each issued stock non-statutory stock awards, which renewed in January 2024 in the amount of 48,082 . Non-statutory stock-based compensation was $ 23,076 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. 11 There were no other options or awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The following table summarizes all stock option activity of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: Schedule of option activity Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Outstanding, December 31, 2023 2,816,900 $ 2.03 4.08 Granted - - - Exercised - - - Forfeited - - - Outstanding, March 31, 2024 2,816,900 $ 2.03 4.08 Outstanding, December 31, 2022 1,833,566 $ 2.59 6.47 Granted - - - Exercised - - - Forfeited ( 16,667 ) 12.00 - Outstanding, March 31, 2023 1,816,899 $ 2.50 6.26 Exercisable, December 31, 2023 2,720,221 $ 2.05 3.93 Exercisable, March 31, 2024 2,768,559 $ 2.04 3.76 Exercisable, December 31, 2022 1,526,869 $ 2.65 5.94 Exercisable, March 31, 2023 1,526,869 $ 2.65 5.69 As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of the Company’s outstanding options was approximately none. The aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. Note 11. Income Tax The Company calculates its quarterly tax provision pursuant to the guidelines in ASC 740 Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires companies to estimate the annual effective tax rate for current year ordinary income. In calculating the effective tax rate, permanent differences between financial reporting and taxable income are factored into the calculation, and temporary differences are not. The estimated annual effective tax rate represents the Company’s estimate of the tax provision in relation to the best estimate of pre-tax ordinary income or loss. The estimated annual effective tax rate is then applied to year-to-date ordinary income or loss to calculate the year-to-date interim tax provision. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $ 800 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company is projecting a ( - 0.83 % ) effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2024, which is primarily the result of permanent book to tax differences, increase in the valuation allowance, and the change in the naked credit deferred tax liability. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2023 was ( - 0.87 % ), which was primarily the result of prior year true-ups and permanent adjustments. 12 Note 12. Related Party Transactions In 2023 we subleased office space to Spectra Global Cuisine, LLC (Spectra), which shares officers with WealthSpace, LLC (the Fund Manager of VWFI). For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we realized $ 54,000 in office sublease lease revenue from Spectra. As of March 31, 2024, the Company is carrying accounts receivable of $ 76,000 related to this sublease. In 2023, in connection with our Consulting Agreement with Matthew Nicosia, we advanced Mr. Nicosia $ 21,000 for a business expenses related to a trip to Kuwait for the Company and have requested evidence of his business expenses. We have received evidence of business expenses of approximately $ 16,254 to date and are awaiting documents and evidence for the remaining expense amount. On June 15, 2022, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MIPA”), with Jorgan Development, LLC, (“Jorgan”) and JBAH Holdings, LLC, (“JBAH” and, together with Jorgan, the “Sellers”), as the equity holders of Silver Fuels Delhi, LLC (“SFD”) and White Claw Colorado City, LLC (“WCCC”) whereby, at closing, which occurred on August 1, 2022, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests where the consideration included secured three-year promissory notes issued by us in favor of the Sellers (the “Notes”). At the time of the closing of these transactions Jorgan, JBAH, and our newly hired CEO, James Ballengee were not considered related parties. As James Ballengee is now our Chief Executive Officer and is the beneficiary of Jorgan and JBAH, and the Sellers are significant shareholders, certain transactions, as noted below, related to Jorgan, JBAH, and James Ballengee are now considered related party transactions. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, we have accrued interest of approximately of none and $ 190,609 . For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we made cash payments of $ 2,493 and $ 1,161,540 . In the business combination of acquiring WCCC we also acquired WCCC’s Oil Storage Agreement with White Claw Crude, LLC (“WC Crude”), who shares a beneficiary, James Ballengee, with Jorgan and JBAH. Under this agreement, WC Crude has the right, subject to the payment of service and maintenance fees, to store volumes of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons at a certain crude oil terminal operated by WCCC. WC Crude is required to pay $150,000 per month even if the storage space is not used. The agreement expires on December 31, 2031. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we realized tank storage revenue of approximately $ 450,000 . In the business combination of acquiring SFD, we acquired an amended Crude Petroleum Supply Agreement with WC Crude (the “Supply Agreement”), under which WC Crude supplies volumes of Crude Petroleum to SFD, which provides for the delivery to SFD a minimum of 1,000 sourced barrels per day, and includes a guarantee that when SFD resells these barrels, if SFD does not make at least a $5.00 per barrel margin on the oil purchased from WC Crude, then WC Crude will pay to SFD the difference between the sales price and $5.00 per barrel. In the event that SFD makes more than $5.00 per barrel, SFD will pay WC Crude a profit-sharing payment in the amount equal to 10% of the excess price over $5.00 per barrel, which amount will be multiplied by the number of barrels associated with the sale. The Supply Agreement expires on December 31, 2031. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we have made crude oil purchases from WC Crude of $ 11,620,447 and $ 11,123,530 . In addition, SFD entered into a sales agreement on April 1, 2022 with WC Crude to sell a natural gas liquid product to WC Crude. We produced and sold natural gas liquids to WC Crude in the amount of $ 2,657,906 and 3,580,601 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. In the business combination of acquiring SFD and WCCC we also entered into a Shared Services Agreement with Endeavor Crude, LLC (“Endeavor”), who shares a beneficiary, James Ballengee, with Jorgan and JBAH. Under this agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation to use Endeavor for consulting services. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, Endeavor rendered services in the amount of $ 36,252 and $ 74,644 . We have an existing note payable issued to Triple T, which is owned by Dr. Khalid Bin Jabor Al Thani, the 51% majority-owner of Vivakor Middle East LLC The note is interest free, has no fixed maturity date and will be repaid from revenues generated by Vivakor Middle East LLC. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance owed was $ 380,510 and $ 351,626 . Note 13. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were available to issue. On April 4, 2024, we issued 1,189,745 shares of common stock at approximately $ 0.79 per share for a $ 483,292 reduction of liabilities and $ 706,453 in stock based compensation for executives, members of the Board of Directors and certain third party service providers. These shares were issued under our S-8 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 9, 2024. On May 14, 2024, we issued a promissory note (the “Note”) due as described below, to our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, in the principal amount of up to $ 1,500,000 , for which loan advances will be made to the Company as requested. The Company will use the proceeds of the Note for general working capital purposes and to repay certain indebtedness. The intent of the Note is to be short term in nature and be repaid in 30 days. Any amounts that are not repaid in 30 days will bear interest thereafter at a rate of 11% per annum. As of the date of this filing, approximately $ 100,000 has been advanced to the Company under this Note. Each advance matures after six months from the date the Company receives the funds. 13