−Removed: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related
−Removed: Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
+Added: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Price Range of Shares
−Removed: UGA’s shares have traded on the NYSE
−Removed: Arca under the symbol “UGA”
−Removed: since November 25, 2008.
−Removed: Prior to trading on the NYSE Arca, UGA’s shares traded on
−Removed: the American Stock Exchange (the “AMEX”) under the symbol “UGA”
−Removed: since its initial public offering on February
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA had approximately
−Removed: 3,325 holders of shares.
−Removed: UGA has not made and does not currently
−Removed: intend to make cash distributions to its shareholders.
+Added: UGA’s shares have traded on the NYSE Arca under the symbol “UGA” since November 25, 2008.
+Added: Prior to trading on the NYSE Arca, UGA’s shares traded on the American Stock Exchange (the “AMEX”) under the symbol “UGA” since its initial public offering on February 26, 2008.
+Added: As of December 31, 2020, UGA had approximately 11,306 holders of shares.
+Added: UGA has not made and does not currently intend to make cash distributions to its shareholders.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
−Removed: UGA does not purchase shares directly from
−Removed: its shareholders.
−Removed: In connection with its redemption of baskets held by Authorized Participants, UGA redeemed 3 baskets (comprising
−Removed: 150,000 shares) and 14 baskets (comprising 700,000 shares) for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2019, respectively.
+Added: UGA does not purchase shares directly from its shareholders.
+Added: In connection with its redemption of baskets held by Authorized Participants, UGA redeemed 28 baskets (comprising 1,400,000 shares) and 110 baskets (comprising 5,500,000 shares) for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020, respectively.
Monthly redemptions for the last three months are detailed below.
−Removed: Total Number of Shares Redeemed
−Removed: Average Price Per Share
+Added: Total Number of
+Added: Average Price Per
+Added: Shares Redeemed
10/1/20 to 10/31/20
2 unchanged sentences
Selected Financial Data.
−Removed: Financial Highlights (for the years
−Removed: ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015)
−Removed: (Dollar amounts in 000’s except
−Removed: for per share information)
−Removed: realized and unrealized gain (loss) on futures transactions, inclusive of commissions
−Removed: income (loss)
−Removed: Weighted average limited
−Removed: partnership shares
−Removed: Net income (loss) per
−Removed: Net income (loss) per
−Removed: weighted average share
−Removed: and cash equivalents at end of year
−Removed: Management’s Discussion
−Removed: and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
−Removed: The following discussion should be read
−Removed: in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto of UGA included elsewhere in this annual report on
−Removed: Forward-Looking Information
−Removed: This annual report on Form 10-K, including
−Removed: this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,”
−Removed: contains forward-looking
−Removed: statements regarding the plans and objectives of management for future operations.
−Removed: This information may involve known and unknown
−Removed: risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause UGA’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially
−Removed: different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements.
−Removed: Forward-looking
−Removed: statements, which involve assumptions and describe UGA’s future plans, strategies and expectations, are generally identifiable
−Removed: by use of the words “may,”
−Removed: “will,”
−Removed: “should,”
−Removed: “expect,”
−Removed: “anticipate,”
−Removed: “estimate,”
−Removed: “believe,”
−Removed: “intend”
−Removed: or “project,”
−Removed: the negative of these words, other
−Removed: variations on these words or comparable terminology.
−Removed: These forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that may be incorrect,
−Removed: and UGA cannot assure investors that the projections included in these forward-looking statements will come to pass.
−Removed: actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements as a result of various
−Removed: UGA has based the forward-looking
−Removed: statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K on information available to it on the date of this annual report
−Removed: on Form 10-K, and UGA assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
−Removed: Although UGA undertakes no
−Removed: obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise,
−Removed: investors are advised to consult any additional disclosures that UGA may make directly to them or through reports that UGA
−Removed: files in the future with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on
−Removed: UGA, a Delaware limited partnership, is
−Removed: a commodity pool that issues shares that may be purchased and sold on the NYSE Arca.
−Removed: The investment objective of UGA is for the
−Removed: daily changes, in percentage terms, of its shares’
−Removed: per share NAV to reflect the daily changes, in percentage terms, of the
−Removed: spot price of gasoline (also known as reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygen blending, or “RBOB”, for delivery
−Removed: to the New York harbor), as measured by the daily changes in the price of the futures contract for gasoline traded on the NYMEX
−Removed: that is the near month contract to expire, except when the near month contract is within two weeks of expiration, in which case
−Removed: it will be the futures contract that is the next month contract to expire (the “Benchmark Futures Contract”), plus
−Removed: interest earned on UGA’s collateral holdings, less UGA’s expenses.
−Removed: “Near month contract”
−Removed: means the next
−Removed: contract traded on the NYMEX due to expire.
−Removed: “Next month contract”
−Removed: means the first contract traded on the NYMEX due
−Removed: to expire after the near month contract.
−Removed: UGA’s investment objective is not
−Removed: for its NAV or market price of shares to equal, in dollar terms, the spot price of gasoline or any particular futures contract
−Removed: based on gasoline, nor is UGA’s investment objective for the percentage change in its NAV to reflect the percentage
−Removed: change of the price of any particular futures contract as measured over a time period greater than one day .
−Removed: USCF believes
−Removed: that it is not practical to manage the portfolio to achieve such an investment goal when investing in Futures Contracts and Other
−Removed: Gasoline-Related Investments.
−Removed: UGA seeks to achieve its investment
−Removed: objective by investing so that the average daily percentage change in UGA’s NAV for any period of 30 successive valuation
−Removed: days will be within plus/minus ten percent (10%) of the average daily percentage change in the price of the Benchmark Futures
−Removed: Contract over the same period.
−Removed: On any valuation day, the Benchmark
−Removed: Futures Contract is the near month futures contract for gasoline traded on the NYMEX unless the near month contract is within
−Removed: two weeks of expiration in which case the Benchmark Futures Contract is the next month contract for gasoline traded on the
−Removed: The regulation of commodity interest trading in the United States and other countries is an evolving area of the law.
−Removed: The various statements made in this summary are subject to modification by legislative action and changes in the rules and
−Removed: regulations of the SEC, FINRA, CFTC, the NFA, the futures exchanges, clearing organizations and other regulatory bodies.
−Removed: Pending final resolution of all applicable regulatory requirements, some examples of how new rules and regulations could
−Removed: impact UGA are discussed in “Item 1.
−Removed: Business”
−Removed: and “Item 1A.
−Removed: Risk Factors”
−Removed: annual report on Form 10-K.
−Removed: Price Movements
−Removed: Gasoline futures prices were volatile
−Removed: during the year ended December 31, 2019 and exhibited moderate daily swings along with an uneven upward trend during
−Removed: The price of the Benchmark Futures Contract started the year at $1.3021 per gallon.
−Removed: The high of the year was
−Removed: on April 23, 2019 when the price reached $2.0820 per gallon.
−Removed: The low of the period was the starting price for the period, which
−Removed: was $1.3021 per gallon.
−Removed: The year ended with the Benchmark Futures Contract at $1.6905 per gallon, an increase of
−Removed: approximately 29.83% over the year (investors are cautioned that these represent prices for gasoline on a wholesale basis and should
−Removed: not be directly compared to retail prices at a gasoline service station).
−Removed: UGA’s per share NAV began the year at
−Removed: $22.74 and ended the year at $32.31 on December 31, 2019, an increase of approximately 42.08% over the year.
−Removed: per share NAV reached its high for the year on December 26, 2019 at $33.52 and its low for the period was at the
−Removed: beginning of the period when it was $22.74.
−Removed: The Benchmark Futures Contract prices listed above began with the February
−Removed: 2019 contracts and ended with the February 2020 contracts.
−Removed: The increase of approximately 29.83% on the Benchmark
−Removed: Futures Contract listed above is a hypothetical return only and could not actually be achieved by an investor holding Futures Contracts.
−Removed: An investment in Futures Contracts would need to be rolled forward during the time period described in order to simulate such
−Removed: Furthermore, the change in the nominal price of these differing Futures Contracts, measured from the start of the year
−Removed: to the end of the year, does not represent the actual benchmark results that UGA seeks to track, which are more fully described
−Removed: below in the section titled “
−Removed: Tracking UGA's Benchmark .”
−Removed: During the year ended December 31, 2019,
−Removed: the gasoline futures market began the year in contango and flipped to backwardation in the spring.
−Removed: During periods of contango,
−Removed: the price of the near month gasoline Futures Contract is lower than the price of the next month gasoline Futures Contract or contracts
−Removed: further away from expiration.
−Removed: On days when the market is in backwardation, the price of the near month gasoline Futures Contract
−Removed: is higher than the price of the next month gasoline Futures Contract, or contracts further away from expiration.
−Removed: For a discussion
−Removed: of the impact of backwardation and contango on total returns, see “
−Removed: Term Structure of Gasoline Prices and the Impact on
−Removed: Total Returns ”
−Removed: Valuation of Futures Contracts and the
−Removed: Computation of the Per Share NAV
−Removed: The per share NAV of UGA’s shares
−Removed: is calculated once each NYSE Arca trading day.
−Removed: The per share NAV for a particular trading day is released after 4:00 p.m.
−Removed: Trading during the core trading session on the NYSE Arca typically closes at 4:00 p.m.
−Removed: New York time.
−Removed: The Administrator uses
−Removed: the NYMEX closing price (determined at the earlier of the close of the NYMEX or 2:30 p.m.
−Removed: New York time) for the contracts held
−Removed: on the NYMEX, but calculates or determines the value of all other UGA investments, including ICE Futures contracts or other futures
−Removed: contracts, as of the earlier of the close of the NYSE Arca or 4:00 p.m.
−Removed: New York time.
−Removed: Results of Operations and the Gasoline
−Removed: Results of Operations.
−Removed: 26, 2008, UGA listed its shares on the AMEX under the ticker symbol “UGA.”
−Removed: On that day, UGA established its initial
−Removed: offering price at $50.00 per share and issued 300,000 shares to the initial Authorized Participant in exchange for $15,001,000
−Removed: As a result of the acquisition of the AMEX by NYSE Euronext, UGA’s shares ceased trading on the AMEX and commenced
−Removed: trading on the NYSE Arca on November 25, 2008.
−Removed: Since its initial offering of 30,000,000
−Removed: shares, UGA has registered one subsequent offering of its shares:
−Removed: 50,000,000 shares which were registered with the SEC on April
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA had issued 14,800,000 shares, 900,000 of which were outstanding.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019,
−Removed: there were 65,200,000 shares registered but not yet issued.
−Removed: More shares may have been issued by UGA
−Removed: than are outstanding due to the redemption of shares.
−Removed: Unlike funds that are registered under the 1940 Act, shares that have been
−Removed: redeemed by UGA cannot be resold by UGA.
−Removed: As a result, UGA contemplates that additional offerings of its shares will be registered
−Removed: with the SEC in the future in anticipation of additional issuances and redemptions.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA had the following
−Removed: Authorized Participants:
−Removed: Citadel Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities USA LLC, Deutsche Bank
−Removed: Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Company, JP Morgan Securities Inc., Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp., Morgan Stanley
−Removed: & Company Inc., Nomura Securities International Inc., RBC Capital Markets LLC, SG Americas Securities LLC, and Virtu Financial
−Removed: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
−Removed: Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2018;
−Removed: and for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to the Year Ended December 31,
−Removed: For the Year Ended
−Removed: December 31, 2019
−Removed: For the Year Ended
−Removed: December 31, 2018
−Removed: For the Year Ended
+Added: Financial Highlights (for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016)
+Added: (Dollar amounts in 000’s except for per share information)
December 31, 2020
−Removed: Per share net asset value, end of year
−Removed: Average daily total net assets
−Removed: Dividend and interest income earned on Treasuries, cash and/or cash equivalents
−Removed: Annualized yield based on average daily total net assets
−Removed: Management fee
−Removed: Total fees and other expenses excluding management fees
−Removed: Fees and expenses related to the registration or offering of additional shares
−Removed: Total amount of the expense waiver
−Removed: Expenses before allowance for the expense waiver
−Removed: Expenses after allowance for the expense waiver
−Removed: Total commissions accrued to brokers
−Removed: Total commissions as annualized percentage of average total net assets
−Removed: Commissions accrued as a result of rebalancing
−Removed: Percentage of commissions accrued as a result of rebalancing
−Removed: Commissions accrued as a result of creation and redemption activity
−Removed: Percentage of commissions accrued as a result of creation and redemption activity
−Removed: Portfolio Expenses.
−Removed: expenses consist of investment management fees, brokerage fees and commissions, certain offering costs, licensing fees, registration
−Removed: fees, the fees and expenses of the independent directors of USCF and expenses relating to tax accounting and reporting requirements.
−Removed: The management fee that UGA pays to USCF is calculated as a percentage of the total net assets of UGA.
−Removed: The fee is accrued
−Removed: daily and paid monthly.
−Removed: The increase in the per share NAV for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, was due primarily
−Removed: to higher prices for gasoline and the related increase in the value of the Gasoline Futures Contracts in which UGA held and traded;
−Removed: and the decrease in the per share NAV for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, was due
−Removed: primarily to lower prices for gasoline and the related decrease in the value of the Gasoline Futures Contracts in which UGA held
−Removed: Average interest rates earned on short-term
−Removed: investments held by UGA, including cash, cash equivalents and Treasuries, were higher during the year ended December 31, 2019,
−Removed: compared to the year ended December 31, 2018;
−Removed: and were higher during the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year
−Removed: ended December 31, 2017.
−Removed: As a result, the amount of income earned by UGA as a percentage of average daily total net assets
−Removed: was higher during the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018;
−Removed: and was higher
−Removed: during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.
−Removed: To the degree that the aggregate yield is
−Removed: higher, the net expense ratio, inclusive of income, will be lower.
−Removed: The decrease in total fees and other
−Removed: expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31,
−Removed: 2018 was due primarily to UGA’s smaller size as measured by total net assets;
−Removed: and the decrease in total fees and other
−Removed: expenses excluding management fees for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, was due
−Removed: primarily to UGA’s smaller size as measured by total net assets.
−Removed: The decrease in total commissions accrued
−Removed: to brokers for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, was due primarily to a
−Removed: lower number of Gasoline Futures Contracts being held and traded;
−Removed: and the decrease in total commissions accrued to brokers
−Removed: for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, was due primarily to lower number of Gasoline
−Removed: Futures Contracts being held and traded.
−Removed: For the Three Months Ended December
−Removed: 31, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018;
−Removed: and for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to the
−Removed: Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
−Removed: For the Three
December 31, 2019
−Removed: For the Three
December 31, 2018
−Removed: For the Three
December 31, 2017
−Removed: Per share net asset value, end of period
−Removed: Average daily total net assets
−Removed: Dividend and interest income earned on Treasuries, cash and/or cash equivalents
−Removed: Annualized yield based on average daily total net assets
−Removed: Management fee
−Removed: Total fees and other expenses excluding management fees
−Removed: Fees and expenses related to the registration or offering of additional shares
−Removed: Total amount of the expense waiver
−Removed: Expenses before allowance for the expense waiver
−Removed: Expenses after allowance for the expense waiver
−Removed: Total commissions accrued to brokers
−Removed: Total commissions as annualized percentage of average total net assets
−Removed: Commissions accrued as a result of rebalancing
−Removed: Percentage of commissions accrued as a result of rebalancing
−Removed: Commissions accrued as a result of creation and redemption activity
−Removed: Percentage of commissions accrued as a result of creation and redemption activity
−Removed: The increase in the per share NAV for the
−Removed: three months ended December 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018, was due primarily to higher prices
−Removed: for gasoline and the related increase in the value of the Gasoline Futures Contracts in which UGA held and traded;
−Removed: and the decrease
−Removed: in the per share NAV for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, was due
−Removed: primarily to lower prices for gasoline and the related decrease in the value of the Gasoline Futures Contracts in which UGA held
−Removed: Average interest rates earned on short-term
−Removed: investments held by UGA, including cash, cash equivalents and Treasuries, were lower during the three months ended December 31,
−Removed: 2019, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018;
−Removed: and were higher during the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared
−Removed: to the three months ended December 31, 2017.
−Removed: As a result, the amount of income earned by UGA as a percentage of average daily
−Removed: total net assets was lower during the three months ended December 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended December 31,
−Removed: and was higher during the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017.
−Removed: degree that the aggregate yield is lower, the net expense ratio, inclusive of income, will be higher.
−Removed: The decrease in total fees and other
−Removed: expenses excluding management fees for the three months ended December 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended December
−Removed: 31, 2018 was due primarily to UGA’s smaller size as measured by total net assets;
−Removed: and the decrease in total fees and
−Removed: other expenses excluding management fees for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December
−Removed: 31, 2017, was due primarily to UGA’s smaller size as measured by total net assets.
−Removed: The decrease in total commissions accrued
−Removed: to brokers for the three months ended December 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2018, was due primarily
−Removed: to a lower number of Gasoline Futures Contracts being held and traded;
−Removed: and the decrease in total commissions accrued
−Removed: to brokers for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, was due primarily
−Removed: to lower number of futures contracts being held and traded.
−Removed: Tracking UGA's Benchmark
−Removed: USCF seeks to manage UGA's portfolio such
−Removed: that changes in its average daily per share NAV, on a percentage basis, closely track the daily changes in the average price
−Removed: of the Benchmark Futures Contract, also on a percentage basis.
−Removed: Specifically, USCF seeks to manage the portfolio such that
−Removed: over any rolling period of 30-valuation days, the average daily change in UGA's per share NAV is within a range of 90% to
−Removed: 110% (0.9 to 1.1) of the average daily change in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: As an example, if the average
−Removed: daily movement of the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract for a particular 30-valuation day time period was 0.50%
−Removed: per day, USCF would attempt to manage the portfolio such that the average daily movement of the per share NAV during that same
−Removed: time period fell between 0.45% and 0.55% (i.e., between 0.9 and 1.1 of the benchmark’s results).
−Removed: UGA's portfolio management
−Removed: goals do not include trying to make the nominal price of UGA's per share NAV equal to the nominal price of the current
−Removed: Benchmark Futures Contract or the spot price for gasoline.
−Removed: USCF believes that it is not practical to manage the portfolio to achieve
−Removed: such an investment goal when investing in Futures Contracts and Other Gasoline-Related Investments.
−Removed: For the 30-valuation days ended December
−Removed: 31, 2019, the simple average daily change in the Benchmark Futures Contract was 0.126%, while the simple average daily change
−Removed: in the per share NAV of UGA over the same time period was 0.130%.
−Removed: The average daily difference was 0.004% (or 0.4 basis
−Removed: points, where 1 basis point equals 1/100 of 1%).
−Removed: As a percentage of the daily movement of the Benchmark Futures Contract, the average
−Removed: error in daily tracking by the per share NAV was 4.874%, meaning that over this time period UGA’s tracking error was
−Removed: within the plus or minus 10% range established as its benchmark tracking goal.
−Removed: The first chart below shows the daily movement
−Removed: of UGA’s per share NAV versus the daily movement of the Benchmark Futures Contract for the 30-valuation day period ended
−Removed: December 31, 2019, the last trading day in December.
−Removed: The second chart below shows the monthly total returns of UGA as compared
−Removed: to the monthly value of the Benchmark Futures Contract for the five years ended December 31, 2019.
−Removed: Since the commencement of the offering
−Removed: of UGA’s shares to the public on February 26, 2008 to December 31, 2019, the simple average daily change in the Benchmark
−Removed: Futures Contract was 0.010%, while the simple average daily change in the per share NAV of UGA over the same time period was
−Removed: The average daily difference was (0.001)% (or (0.1) basis points, where 1 basis point equals 1/100 of 1%).
−Removed: As a percentage
−Removed: of the daily movement of the Benchmark Futures Contract, the average error in daily tracking by the per share NAV was (0.368)%,
−Removed: meaning that over this time period UGA’s tracking error was within the plus or minus 10% range established as its benchmark
−Removed: tracking goal.
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: An alternative tracking measurement of
−Removed: the return performance of UGA versus the return of its Benchmark Futures Contract can be calculated by comparing the
−Removed: actual return of UGA, measured by changes in its per share NAV, versus the expected changes in its per share NAV under the assumption
−Removed: that UGA’s returns had been exactly the same as the daily changes in its Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: For the year ended December 31, 2019,
−Removed: the actual total return of UGA as measured by changes in its per share NAV was 42.08%.
−Removed: This is based on an initial per share
−Removed: NAV of $22.74 as of December 31, 2018 and an ending per share NAV as of December 31, 2019 of $32.31.
−Removed: During this time
−Removed: period, UGA made no distributions to its shareholders.
−Removed: However, if UGA’s daily changes in its per share NAV had instead
−Removed: exactly tracked the changes in the daily total return of the Benchmark Futures Contract, UGA would have had an estimated per
−Removed: share NAV of $31.88 as of December 31, 2019, for a total return over the relevant time period of 40.19%.
−Removed: The difference between
−Removed: the actual per share NAV total return of UGA of 42.08% and the expected total return based on the Benchmark Futures Contract of
−Removed: 40.19% was an error over the time period of 1.89%, which is to say that UGA’s actual total return outperformed its benchmark by
−Removed: that percentage.
−Removed: UGA incurs expenses primarily composed of the management fee, brokerage commissions for the buying and selling
−Removed: of futures contracts, and other expenses.
−Removed: The impact of these expenses, offset by interest and dividend income, and net of positive
−Removed: or negative execution, tends to cause daily changes in the per share NAV of UGA to track slightly lower or higher than
−Removed: daily changes in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: By comparison, for the year ended
−Removed: December 31, 2018, the actual total return of UGA as measured by changes in its per share NAV was (29.00)%.
−Removed: This was based
−Removed: on an initial per share NAV of $32.03 as of December 31, 2017 and an ending per share NAV as of December 31, 2018 of
−Removed: During this time period, UGA made no distributions to its shareholders.
−Removed: However, if UGA’s daily changes in its
−Removed: per share NAV had instead exactly tracked the changes in the daily total return of the Benchmark Futures Contract, UGA would
−Removed: have had an estimated per share NAV of $22.50 as of December 31, 2018, for a total return over the relevant time period of (29.75)%.
−Removed: The difference between the actual per share NAV total return of UGA of (29.00)% and the expected total return based on the Benchmark
−Removed: Futures Contract of (29.75)% was an error over the time period of 0.75%, which is to say that UGA’s actual total return outperformed
−Removed: its benchmark by that percentage.
−Removed: UGA incurred expenses primarily composed of the management fee, brokerage commissions for
−Removed: the buying and selling of futures contracts, and other expenses.
−Removed: The impact of these expenses, offset by interest and dividend
−Removed: income, and net of positive or negative execution, tended to cause daily changes in the per share NAV of UGA to track slightly
−Removed: lower or higher than daily changes in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: By comparison, for the year ended December
−Removed: 31, 2017, the actual total return of UGA as measured by changes in its per share NAV was 2.10%.
−Removed: This was based on an initial per
−Removed: share NAV of $31.37 on December 31, 2016 and an ending per share NAV as of December 31, 2017 of $32.03.
−Removed: During this time period,
−Removed: UGA made no distributions to its shareholders.
−Removed: However, if UGA’s daily changes in its per share NAV had instead exactly tracked
−Removed: the changes in the daily total return of the Benchmark Futures Contract, UGA would have had an estimated per share NAV of $32.00
−Removed: as of December 31, 2017, for a total return over the relevant time period of 2.00%.
−Removed: There was no difference between the actual
−Removed: per share NAV total return of UGA of 2.10% and the expected total return based on the Benchmark Futures Contract of 2.00%, which
−Removed: is to say that UGA’s actual total return performed exactly the same as the benchmark result by that percentage.
−Removed: expenses primarily composed of the management fee, brokerage commissions for the buying and selling of futures contracts, and other
−Removed: The impact of these expenses, offset by interest and dividend income, and net of positive or negative execution, tended
−Removed: to cause daily changes in the per share NAV of UGA to track slightly lower than daily changes in the price of the Benchmark Futures
−Removed: There are currently three factors
−Removed: that have impacted or are most likely to impact UGA's ability to accurately track Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: First, UGA may buy or sell its
−Removed: holdings in the then current Benchmark Futures Contract at a price other than the closing settlement price of that contract
−Removed: on the day during which UGA executes the trade.
−Removed: In that case, UGA may pay a price that is higher, or lower, than that
−Removed: of the Benchmark Futures Contract, which could cause the changes in the daily per share NAV of UGA to either be too high or
−Removed: too low relative to the daily changes in the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: During the year ended December 31, 2019, USCF attempted
−Removed: to minimize the effect of these transactions by seeking to execute its purchase or sale of the Benchmark Futures Contract
−Removed: at, or as close as possible to, the end of the day settlement price.
−Removed: However, it may not always be possible for UGA to obtain
−Removed: the closing settlement price and there is no assurance that failure to obtain the closing settlement price in the future will not
−Removed: adversely impact UGA's attempt to track the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: Second, UGA incurs expenses primarily
−Removed: composed of the management fee, brokerage commissions for the buying and selling of futures contracts, and other expenses.
−Removed: impact of these expenses tends to cause daily changes in the per share NAV of UGA to track slightly lower than daily changes
−Removed: in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: At the same time, UGA earns dividend and interest income on its cash, cash
−Removed: equivalents and Treasuries.
−Removed: UGA is not required to distribute any portion of its income to its shareholders and did not make
−Removed: any distributions to shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2019.
−Removed: Interest payments, and any other income, were retained
−Removed: within the portfolio and added to UGA's NAV.
−Removed: When this income exceeds the level of UGA's expenses for its management
−Removed: fee, brokerage commissions and other expenses (including ongoing registration fees, licensing fees and the fees and expenses of
−Removed: the independent directors of USCF), UGA will realize a net yield that will tend to cause daily changes in the per share NAV
−Removed: of UGA to track slightly higher than daily changes in the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: If short-term interest rates rise above
−Removed: the current levels, the level of deviation created by the yield would increase.
−Removed: Conversely, if short-term interest rates were to
−Removed: decline, the amount of error created by the yield would decrease.
−Removed: When short-term yields drop to a level lower than the combined
−Removed: expenses of the management fee and the brokerage commissions, then the tracking error becomes a negative number and would tend
−Removed: to cause the daily returns of the per share NAV to underperform the daily returns of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: USCF anticipates
−Removed: that interest rates may continue to stagnate over the near future from historical lows.
−Removed: However, it is anticipated that
−Removed: fees and expenses paid by UGA may continue to be lower than interest earned by UGA.
−Removed: As such, USCF anticipates that UGA
−Removed: could possibly outperform its benchmark so long as interest earned at least equals or exceeds the fees and
−Removed: expenses paid by UGA.
−Removed: Third, UGA may hold Other Gasoline-Related
−Removed: Investments in its portfolio that may fail to closely track the Benchmark Futures Contract's total return movements.
−Removed: case, the error in tracking the Benchmark Futures Contract could result in daily changes in the per share NAV of UGA
−Removed: that are either too high, or too low, relative to the daily changes in the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: During the year ended
−Removed: December 31, 2019, UGA did not hold any Other Gasoline-Related Investments.
−Removed: If UGA increases in size, and due to its
−Removed: obligations to comply with regulatory limits, UGA may invest in Other Gasoline-Related Investments which may have the effect of
−Removed: increasing transaction related expenses and may result in increased tracking error.
−Removed: Term Structure of Gasoline Futures Prices and the Impact
−Removed: on Total Returns.
−Removed: Several factors determine the total return from investing in futures contracts.
−Removed: One factor arises from “rolling”
−Removed: futures contracts that will expire at the end of the current month (the “near”
−Removed: or “front”
−Removed: month contract)
−Removed: forward each month prior to expiration.
−Removed: For a strategy that entails holding the near month contract, the price relationship between
−Removed: that futures contract and the next month futures contract will impact returns.
−Removed: For example, if the price of the near month futures
−Removed: contract is higher than the next futures month contract (a situation referred to as “backwardation”), then absent
−Removed: any other change, the price of a next month futures contract tends to rise in value as it becomes the near month futures contract
−Removed: and approaches expiration.
−Removed: Conversely, if the price of a near month futures contract is lower than the next month futures contract
−Removed: (a situation referred to as “contango”), then absent any other change, the price of a next month futures contract
−Removed: tends to decline in value as it becomes the near month futures contract and approaches expiration.
−Removed: As an example, assume that the price of gasoline
−Removed: for immediate delivery, is $1.50 per gallon, and the value of a position in the near month futures contract is also $1.50.
−Removed: time, the price of gasoline will fluctuate based on a number of market factors, including demand for oil relative to
−Removed: The value of the near month futures contract will likewise fluctuate in reaction to a number of market factors.
−Removed: If an investor
−Removed: seeks to maintain a position in a near month futures contract and not take delivery of physical gallons of gasoline, the investor
−Removed: must sell the current near month futures contract as it approaches expiration and invest in the next month futures contract.
−Removed: order to continue holding a position in the current near month futures contract, this “roll”
−Removed: forward of the futures
−Removed: contract must be executed every month.
−Removed: Contango and backwardation are natural
−Removed: market forces that have impacted the total return on an investment in UGA’s shares during the past year relative to a hypothetical
−Removed: direct investment in gasoline.
−Removed: In the future, it is likely that the relationship between the market price of UGA’s shares
−Removed: and changes in the spot prices of gasoline will continue to be impacted by contango and backwardation.
−Removed: It is important to
−Removed: note that this comparison ignores the potential costs associated with physically owning and storing gasoline, which could be substantial.
−Removed: If the futures market is in backwardation,
−Removed: e.g., when the price of the near month futures contract is higher than the price of the next month futures contract, the investor
−Removed: would buy a next month futures contract for a lower price than the current near month futures contract.
−Removed: Assuming the price of the
−Removed: next month futures contract was $1.47 per gallon, or 2% cheaper than the $1.50 near month futures contract, then, hypothetically,
−Removed: and assuming no other changes (e.g., to either prevailing gasoline prices or the price relationship between the spot price,
−Removed: the near month contract and the next month contract, and, ignoring the impact of commission costs and the income earned on cash
−Removed: and/or cash equivalents), the value of the $1.47 next month futures contract would rise to $1.50 as it approaches expiration.
−Removed: this example, the value of an investment in the next month futures contract would tend to outperform the spot price of gasoline.
−Removed: As a result, it would be possible for the new near month futures contract to rise 12% while the spot price of gasoline may
−Removed: have risen a lower amount, e.g., only 10%.
−Removed: Similarly, the spot price of gasoline could have fallen 10% while the value of
−Removed: an investment in the futures contract might have fallen another amount, e.g., only 8%.
−Removed: Over time, if backwardation remained constant,
−Removed: this difference between the spot price and the futures contract price would continue to increase.
−Removed: If the futures market is in contango, an
−Removed: investor would be buying a next month futures contract for a higher price than the current near month futures contract.
−Removed: Again, assuming the near month futures contract is $1.50 per gallon, the price of the next month futures contract might be
−Removed: $1.53 per gallon, or 2% more expensive than the front month futures contract.
−Removed: Hypothetically, and assuming no other changes, the
−Removed: value of the $1.53 next month futures contract would fall to $1.50 as it approaches expiration.
−Removed: In this example, the value of an
−Removed: investment in the second month would tend to underperform the spot price of gasoline.
−Removed: As a result, it would be possible for the
−Removed: new near month futures contract to rise only 10% while the spot price of gasoline may have risen a higher amount, e.g., 12%.
−Removed: Similarly, the spot price of gasoline could have fallen 10% while the value of an investment in the second month futures contract
−Removed: might have fallen another amount, e.g., 12%.
−Removed: Over time, if contango remained constant, this difference between the spot price and
−Removed: the futures contract price would continue to increase.
−Removed: The chart below compares the daily price
−Removed: of the near month gasoline futures contract to the price of 13 th month gasoline futures contract (i.e., a
−Removed: contract one year forward) over the last 10 years.
−Removed: When the price of the near month futures contract is higher than the price of
−Removed: the 13 th month futures contract, the market would be described as being in backwardation.
−Removed: When the price of the near
−Removed: month futures contract is lower than the 13 th month futures contract, the market would be described as being in contango.
−Removed: Although the price of the near month futures contract and the price of the 13 th month futures contract tend to
−Removed: move together, it can be seen that at times the near month futures contract prices are higher than the 13 th month futures contract
−Removed: prices (backwardation) and, at other times, the near month futures contract prices are lower than the 13 th month futures
−Removed: contract prices (contango).
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: An alternative way to view the same data
−Removed: is to subtract the dollar price of the 13 th month gasoline futures contract from the dollar price of the near month gasoline
−Removed: futures contract, as shown in the chart below.
−Removed: When the difference is positive, the market is in backwardation.
−Removed: When the difference
−Removed: is negative, the market is in contango.
−Removed: The gasoline market spent time in both backwardation and contango during the last
−Removed: The chart below shows the results from subtracting the next month contract price from the price of the near month contract
−Removed: for the 10-year period between December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2019.
−Removed: Investors will note that the near month gasoline futures
−Removed: contract spent time in both backwardation and contango.
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: While the investment objective of UGA is
−Removed: not to have the market price of its shares match, dollar for dollar, changes in the spot price of gasoline, contango and backwardation
−Removed: have impacted the total return on an investment in UGA shares during the past year relative to a hypothetical direct investment
−Removed: For example, an investment in UGA shares made on December 31, 2018 and held December 31, 2019 increased based upon
−Removed: the changes in the NAV for UGA shares on those days, by approximately 42.08%, while the spot price of gasoline for immediate delivery
−Removed: during the same period increased by 20.31% (note:
−Removed: this comparison ignores seasonal factors and the potential costs associated with
−Removed: physically owning and storing gasoline, which could be substantial).
−Removed: By comparison, an investment in UGA shares made on December
−Removed: 31, 2017 and held to December 31, 2018 decreased based upon the changes in the NAV for UGA shares on those days, by approximately
−Removed: 29.00%, while the spot price of gasoline for immediate delivery during the same period increased by 16.14% (note:
−Removed: this comparison
−Removed: ignores the potential costs associated with physically owning and storing gasoline, which could be substantial).
−Removed: Periods of contango or backwardation do
−Removed: not materially impact UGA’s investment objective of having the daily percentage changes in its per share NAV track the daily
−Removed: percentage changes in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract since the impact of backwardation and contango tend to equally
−Removed: impact the daily percentage changes in price of both UGA’s shares and the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: It is impossible to
−Removed: predict with any degree of certainty whether backwardation or contango will occur in the future.
−Removed: It is likely that both conditions
−Removed: will occur during different periods.
−Removed: Gasoline Market.
−Removed: During the year ended December 31,
−Removed: 2019, the price of unleaded gasoline in the United States was impacted by several factors.
−Removed: In particular, global economic growth,
−Removed: robust gasoline demand, the expectation for a Phase I U.S.
−Removed: - China trade deal, and coordinated efforts by OPEC and other oil producing
−Removed: nations to reduce global supplies of crude oil, the input product for gasoline, resulted in strong price rises in 2019.
−Removed: Crude Oil Market.
−Removed: During the year
−Removed: ended December 31, 2019, crude oil prices traded in a range between $45.33to $66.30.
−Removed: Crude oil rose over 34.46% from the end of
−Removed: 2018 through December 31, 2019 finishing the year at $54.07.
−Removed: Crude prices peaked in April and declined through October as a result
−Removed: of falling global growth forecasts, negative economic news, and persistently declining oil demand growth, all of which were at
−Removed: least partially the result of the ongoing trade wars.
−Removed: Prices briefly spiked 14.68% following the September 16, 2019 attacks on
−Removed: Saudi oil facilities that knocked out five percent of global daily supply, but quickly fell back on ongoing negative sentiment
−Removed: and economic news.
−Removed: Prices rose again in the fourth quarter of 2019, as global crude oil and liquid fuels inventories declined slightly,
−Removed: OPEC signaled and delivered further output cuts, the U.S.
−Removed: and China reached a “Phase One”
−Removed: trade deal, and further geopolitical
−Removed: risks surfaced.
−Removed: While OPEC has been aggressive about meeting target cuts, continued growth in U.S.
−Removed: shale production also threatens
−Removed: to oversupply the market relative to demand growth.
−Removed: All three major energy agencies (OPEC, EIA, IEA) have lowered their 2020 demand
−Removed: growth forecasts.
−Removed: Should demand continue moderating or turn negative, crude prices would likely fall further.
−Removed: However, geopolitical
−Removed: risk has increased, while a geopolitical risk premium only briefly materialized in the price of crude.
−Removed: Further surprise attacks
−Removed: on crude infrastructure or conflicts in the Middle East would likely create volatility to the upside, should such events occur.
−Removed: USCF believes that over both the medium-term
−Removed: and the long-term, changes in the price of crude oil will exert the greatest influence on the price of refined petroleum products
−Removed: such as gasoline.
−Removed: At the same time, there can be other factors that, particularly in the short term, cause the price of gasoline
−Removed: to rise (or fall), more (or less) than the price of crude oil.
−Removed: For example, higher gasoline prices cause American consumers to
−Removed: reduce their gasoline consumption, particularly during the high demand period of the summer driving season and gasoline prices
−Removed: are impacted by the availability of refining capacity.
−Removed: Furthermore, a slowdown or recession in the U.S.
−Removed: economy may have a greater
−Removed: impact on U.S.
−Removed: gasoline prices than on global crude oil prices.
−Removed: As a result, it is possible that changes in gasoline prices may
−Removed: not match the changes in crude oil prices.
−Removed: Unleaded Gasoline Price Movements in
−Removed: Comparison to Other Energy Commodities and Investment Categories .
−Removed: USCF believes that investors frequently measure the degree
−Removed: to which prices or total returns of one investment or asset class move up or down in value in concert with another investment or
−Removed: Statistically, such a measure is usually done by measuring the correlation of the price movements of the two different
−Removed: investments or asset classes over some period of time.
−Removed: The correlation is scaled between 1 and -1, where 1 indicates that the two
−Removed: investment options move up or down in price or value together, known as “positive correlation,”
−Removed: and -1 indicates that
−Removed: they move in completely opposite directions, known as “negative correlation.”
−Removed: A correlation of 0 would mean that the
−Removed: movements of the two are neither positively nor negatively correlated, known as “non-correlation.”
−Removed: That is, the investment
−Removed: options sometimes move up and down together and other times move in opposite directions.
−Removed: For the ten-year time period between December
−Removed: 31, 2009 and December 31, 2019, the table below compares the monthly movements of unleaded gasoline prices versus the monthly movements
−Removed: of the prices of several other energy commodities, such as natural gas, crude oil and diesel-heating oil, as well as several major
−Removed: non-commodity investment asset classes, such as large cap U.S.
−Removed: equities, U.S.
−Removed: government bonds and global equities.
−Removed: It can be seen
−Removed: that over this particular time period, the movement of gasoline on a monthly basis was strongly correlated with crude oil and diesel-heating
−Removed: oil, somewhat correlated with large cap U.S.
−Removed: equities and global equities, uncorrelated with natural gas, and somewhat negatively
−Removed: correlated with U.S.
−Removed: government bonds.
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: Correlation Matrix
−Removed: December 31, 2009 –
December 31, 2016
−Removed: Large Cap U.S.
−Removed: Equities (S&P 500)
−Removed: Bonds (EFFAS U.S.
−Removed: Global Equities (FTSE World Index)
−Removed: Diesel-Heating Oil
−Removed: Unleaded Gasoline
−Removed: Bloomberg, NYMEX
−Removed: The table below covers a more recent, but
−Removed: much shorter, range of dates than the above table.
−Removed: Over the one year period ended December 31, 2019, gasoline was strongly correlated
−Removed: with movements in large cap U.S.
−Removed: equities, global equities, crude oil and diesel-heating oil, moderately correlated with natural
−Removed: gas and negatively correlated with U.S.
−Removed: government bonds.
−Removed: *PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT NECESSARILY
−Removed: INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS
−Removed: Correlation Matrix
−Removed: 12 Months ended December 31, 2019*
−Removed: Large Cap U.S.
−Removed: Equities (S&P 500)
−Removed: Bonds (EFFAS U.S.
−Removed: Global Equities (FTSE World Index)
−Removed: Diesel-Heating Oil
−Removed: Unleaded Gasoline
−Removed: Bloomberg, NYMEX
−Removed: Investors are cautioned that the historical
−Removed: price relationships between gasoline and various other energy commodities, as well as other investment asset classes, as measured
−Removed: by correlation may not be reliable predictors of future price movements and correlation results.
−Removed: The results pictured above would
−Removed: have been different if a different range of dates had been selected.
−Removed: USCF believes that gasoline has historically not demonstrated
−Removed: a strong correlation with equities or bonds over long periods of time.
−Removed: However, USCF also believes that in the future it is possible
−Removed: that gasoline could have long term correlation results that indicate prices of gasoline more closely track the movements of equities
−Removed: In addition, USCF believes that, when measured over time periods shorter than ten years, there will always be some periods
−Removed: where the correlation of gasoline to equities and bonds will be either more strongly positively correlated or more strongly negatively
−Removed: correlated than the long term historical results suggest.
−Removed: The correlations between gasoline, crude
−Removed: oil, natural gas and diesel-heating oil are relevant because USCF endeavors to invest UGA’s assets in Futures Contracts and
−Removed: Other Gasoline-Related Investments so that daily changes in percentage terms in UGA’s per share NAV correlate as closely
−Removed: as possible with daily changes in percentage terms in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract.
−Removed: If certain other fuel-based
−Removed: commodity futures contracts do not closely correlate with the gasoline Futures Contract, then their use could lead to greater tracking
−Removed: As noted above, USCF also believes that the changes in percentage terms in the price of the Benchmark Futures Contract will
−Removed: closely correlate with changes in percentage terms in the spot price of gasoline.
−Removed: Critical Accounting Policies
−Removed: Preparation of the financial statements
−Removed: and related disclosures in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the
−Removed: application of appropriate accounting rules and guidance, as well as the use of estimates.
−Removed: UGA's application of these policies
−Removed: involves judgments and actual results may differ from the estimates used.
−Removed: USCF has evaluated the nature and types
−Removed: of estimates that it makes in preparing UGA's financial statements and related disclosures and has determined that the valuation
−Removed: of its investments, which are not traded on a United States or internationally recognized futures exchange (such as forward contracts
−Removed: and OTC swaps) involves a critical accounting policy.
−Removed: The values which are used by UGA for its Futures Contracts are
−Removed: provided by its commodity broker who uses market prices when available, while OTC swaps are valued based on the present value of
−Removed: estimated future cash flows that would be received from or paid to a third party in settlement of these derivative contracts prior
−Removed: to their delivery date and valued on a daily basis.
−Removed: In addition, UGA estimates interest and dividend income on a daily basis
−Removed: using prevailing rates earned on its cash and cash equivalents.
−Removed: These estimates are adjusted to the actual amount received on a
−Removed: monthly basis and the difference, if any, is not considered material.
−Removed: Liquidity and Capital Resources
−Removed: UGA has not made, and does not anticipate
−Removed: making, use of borrowings or other lines of credit to meet its obligations.
−Removed: UGA has met, and it is anticipated that UGA
−Removed: will continue to meet, its liquidity needs in the normal course of business from the proceeds of the sale of its investments, or
−Removed: from the Treasuries, cash and/or cash equivalents that it intends to hold at all times.
−Removed: UGA's liquidity needs include:
−Removed: shares, providing margin deposits for its existing Futures Contracts or the purchase of additional Futures Contracts
−Removed: and posting collateral for its OTC swaps, if applicable, and payment of its expenses, summarized below under “Contractual
−Removed: Obligations.”
−Removed: UGA currently generates cash
−Removed: primarily from:
−Removed: (i) the sale of baskets consisting of 50,000 shares (“Creation Baskets”) and (ii) income earned
−Removed: on Treasuries, cash and/or cash equivalents.
−Removed: UGA has allocated substantially all of its net assets to trading in Gasoline Interests.
−Removed: invests in Gasoline Interests to the fullest extent possible without being leveraged or unable to satisfy its current or potential
−Removed: margin or collateral obligations with respect to its investments in Futures Contracts and Other Gasoline-Related Investments.
−Removed: A significant portion of UGA's NAV is held in cash and cash equivalents that are used as margin and as collateral for its
−Removed: trading in Gasoline Interests.
−Removed: The balance of the assets is held in UGA's account at its custodian bank and in Treasuries
−Removed: Income received from UGA's investments in money market funds and Treasuries is paid to UGA.
−Removed: During the year
−Removed: ended December 31, 2019, UGA's expenses did not exceed the income UGA earned and the cash earned from the sale of Creation
−Removed: Baskets and the redemption of Redemption Baskets.
−Removed: During the year ended December 31, 2018, UGA's expenses did not exceed the income
−Removed: UGA earned and the cash earned from the sale of Creation Baskets and the redemption of Redemption Baskets.
−Removed: To the extent expenses
−Removed: exceed income, UGA's NAV will be negatively impacted.
−Removed: UGA's investments in Gasoline
−Removed: Interests may be subject to periods of illiquidity because of market conditions, regulatory considerations and other reasons.
−Removed: example, most commodity exchanges limit the fluctuations in futures contracts prices during a single day by regulations referred
−Removed: to as “daily limits.”
−Removed: During a single day, no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit.
−Removed: Once the price
−Removed: of a futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in the contracts can neither
−Removed: be taken nor liquidated unless the traders are willing to effect trades at or within the specified daily limit.
−Removed: Such market conditions
−Removed: could prevent UGA from promptly liquidating its positions in Futures Contracts.
−Removed: During the year ended December 31, 2019, UGA
−Removed: did not purchase or liquidate any of its positions while daily limits were in effect;
−Removed: however, UGA cannot predict whether
−Removed: such an event may occur in the future.
−Removed: Since the initial offering of shares, UGA has
−Removed: been responsible for expenses relating to:
−Removed: (i) management fees, (ii) brokerage fees and commissions, (iii) licensing fees for the
−Removed: use of intellectual property, (iv) ongoing registration expenses in connection with offers and sales of its shares subsequent to
−Removed: the initial offering, (v) other expenses, including tax reporting costs, (vi) fees and expenses of the independent directors of
−Removed: USCF and (vii) other extraordinary expenses not in the ordinary course of business, while USCF has been responsible for expenses
−Removed: relating to the fees of UGA's Marketing Agent, Administrator and Custodian and registration expenses relating to the initial offering
−Removed: If USCF and UGA are unsuccessful in raising sufficient funds to cover these respective expenses or in locating any other
−Removed: source of funding, UGA will terminate and investors may lose all or part of their investment.
−Removed: Trading in Futures Contracts and Other
−Removed: Gasoline-Related Investments, such as forwards, involves UGA entering into contractual commitments to purchase or sell gasoline
−Removed: at a specified date in the future.
−Removed: The aggregate market value of the contracts will significantly exceed UGA's future cash
−Removed: requirements since UGA intends to close out its open positions prior to settlement.
−Removed: As a result, UGA is generally only
−Removed: subject to the risk of loss arising from the change in value of the contracts.
−Removed: UGA considers the “fair value”
−Removed: of its derivative instruments to be the unrealized gain or loss on the contracts.
−Removed: The market risk associated with UGA's commitments
−Removed: to purchase gasoline is limited to the aggregate market value of the contracts held.
−Removed: However, should UGA enter into a contractual
−Removed: commitment to sell gasoline, it would be required to make delivery of the gasoline at the contract price, repurchase the contract
−Removed: at prevailing prices or settle in cash.
−Removed: Since there are no limits on the future price of gasoline, the market risk to UGA could
−Removed: be unlimited.
−Removed: UGA's exposure to market risk depends
−Removed: on a number of factors, including the markets for gasoline, the volatility of interest rates and foreign exchange rates, the liquidity
−Removed: of the Futures Contracts and Other Gasoline-Related Investments markets and the relationships among the contracts held by
−Removed: Drastic market occurrences could ultimately lead to the loss of all or substantially all of an investor’s capital.
−Removed: When UGA enters into Futures
−Removed: Contracts and Other Gasoline-Related Investments, it is exposed to the credit risk that the counterparty will not be able to meet
−Removed: its obligations.
−Removed: The counterparty for the Futures Contracts traded on the NYMEX and on most other futures exchanges is
−Removed: the clearinghouse associated with the particular exchange.
−Removed: In general, in addition to margin required to be posted by the clearinghouse
−Removed: in connection with cleared trades, clearinghouses are backed by their members who may be required to share in the financial burden
−Removed: resulting from the nonperformance of one of their members and, therefore, this additional member support should significantly reduce
−Removed: UGA is not currently a member of any clearinghouse.
−Removed: Some foreign exchanges are not backed by their clearinghouse
−Removed: members but may be backed by a consortium of banks or other financial institutions.
−Removed: There can be no assurance that any counterparty,
−Removed: clearinghouse, or their members or their financial backers will satisfy their obligations to UGA in such circumstances.
−Removed: USCF attempts to manage the credit risk
−Removed: of UGA by following various trading limitations and policies.
−Removed: In particular, UGA generally posts margin and/or holds
−Removed: liquid assets that are approximately equal to the market value of its obligations to counterparties under the Futures Contracts
−Removed: and Other Gasoline-Related Investments it holds.
−Removed: USCF has implemented procedures that include, but are not limited to, executing
−Removed: and clearing trades only with creditworthy parties and/or requiring the posting of collateral or margin by such parties for the
−Removed: benefit of UGA to limit its credit exposure.
−Removed: An FCM, when acting on behalf of UGA in accepting orders to purchase or
−Removed: sell Futures Contracts on United States exchanges, is required by CFTC regulations to separately account for and segregate
−Removed: as belonging to UGA, all assets of UGA relating to domestic Futures Contracts trading.
−Removed: FCMs are not allowed to commingle UGA's
−Removed: assets with their other assets.
−Removed: In addition, the CFTC requires FCMs to hold in a secure account UGA's assets related
−Removed: to foreign Futures Contracts trading.
−Removed: In the future, UGA may purchase OTC
−Removed: swaps, see “Item 7A.
−Removed: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”
−Removed: in this annual report
−Removed: on Form 10-K for a discussion of OTC swaps.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA held
−Removed: cash deposits and investments in Treasuries and money market funds in the amount of $29,675,052 with the custodian and FCM.
−Removed: or all of these amounts held by a custodian or an FCM, as applicable, may be subject to loss should UGA's custodian or FCM,
−Removed: as applicable, cease operations.
−Removed: Off Balance Sheet Financing
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA had no
−Removed: loan guarantee, credit support or other off-balance sheet arrangements of any kind other than agreements entered into in the normal
−Removed: course of business, which may include indemnification provisions relating to certain risks that service providers undertake in
−Removed: performing services which are in the best interests of UGA.
−Removed: While UGA's exposure under these indemnification provisions cannot
−Removed: be estimated, they are not expected to have a material impact on UGA's financial position.
−Removed: European Sovereign Debt
−Removed: UGA had no direct exposure to European
−Removed: sovereign debt as of December 31, 2019 and has no direct exposure to European sovereign debt as of the filing of
−Removed: this annual report on Form 10-K.
−Removed: Redemption Basket Obligation
−Removed: In order to meet its investment objective
−Removed: and pay its contractual obligations described below, UGA requires liquidity to redeem shares, which redemptions must be in
−Removed: blocks of 50,000 shares called “Redemption Baskets.”
−Removed: UGA has to date satisfied this obligation by paying
−Removed: from the cash or cash equivalents it holds or through the sale of its Treasuries in an amount proportionate to the number of shares
−Removed: being redeemed.
−Removed: Contractual Obligations
−Removed: UGA's primary contractual obligations
−Removed: are with USCF.
−Removed: In return for its services, USCF is entitled to a management fee calculated daily and paid monthly as a fixed percentage
−Removed: of UGA's NAV, currently 0.60% of NAV on its average daily total net assets.
−Removed: USCF agreed to pay the start-up costs associated
−Removed: with the formation of UGA, primarily its legal, accounting and other costs in connection with USCF’s registration with the
−Removed: CFTC as a CPO and the registration and listing of UGA and its shares with the SEC, FINRA and NYSE Arca (formerly, AMEX), respectively.
−Removed: However, since UGA’s initial offering of shares, offering costs incurred in connection with registering and listing additional
−Removed: shares of UGA have been directly borne on an ongoing basis by UGA, and not by USCF.
−Removed: USCF pays the fees of the Marketing Agent
−Removed: and the fees of BBH&Co., as well as BBH&Co.’s fees for performing administrative services, including those in connection
−Removed: with the preparation of UGA's financial statements and its SEC, NFA and CFTC reports.
−Removed: USCF and UGA have also entered into a licensing
−Removed: agreement with the NYMEX pursuant to which UGA and the Related Public Funds, other than BNO, USCI and CPER, pay a licensing fee
−Removed: to the NYMEX.
−Removed: UGA also pays the fees and expenses associated with its tax accounting and reporting requirements.
−Removed: USCF has voluntarily
−Removed: agreed to pay certain expenses typically borne by UGA to the extent that such expenses exceeded 0.15% (15 basis points) of UGA’s
−Removed: NAV, on an annualized basis.
−Removed: USCF has no obligation to continue such payments into subsequent periods.
−Removed: This voluntary expense waiver
−Removed: is in addition to those amounts USCF is contractually obligated to pay as described in Note 4 to the Notes to Financial
−Removed: Statements in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K.
−Removed: In addition to USCF’s management fee, UGA pays its brokerage fees (including fees to an FCM), OTC dealer spreads, any licensing
−Removed: fees for the use of intellectual property, and, subsequent to the initial offering, registration and other fees paid to the SEC,
−Removed: FINRA, or other regulatory agencies in connection with the offer and sale of shares, as well as legal, printing, accounting and
−Removed: other expenses associated therewith, and extraordinary expenses.
−Removed: The latter are expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of
−Removed: UGA’s business, including expenses relating to the indemnification of any person against liabilities and obligations to the
−Removed: extent permitted by law and under the LP Agreement, the bringing or defending of actions in law or in equity or otherwise conducting
−Removed: litigation and incurring legal expenses and the settlement of claims and litigation.
−Removed: Commission payments to an FCM are on a contract-by-contract,
−Removed: or round turn, basis.
−Removed: UGA also pays a portion of the fees and expenses of the independent directors of USCF.
−Removed: See Note 3 to
−Removed: the Notes to Financial Statements in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K.
−Removed: The parties cannot anticipate the amount
−Removed: of payments that will be required under these arrangements for future periods, as UGA's per share NAVs and trading levels
−Removed: to meet its investment objective will not be known until a future date.
−Removed: These agreements are effective for a specific term agreed
−Removed: upon by the parties with an option to renew, or, in some cases, are in effect for the duration of UGA's existence.
−Removed: party may terminate these agreements earlier for certain reasons described in the agreements.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA's portfolio
−Removed: consisted of 410 RBOB Gasoline Futures RB Contracts traded on the NYMEX.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2019, UGA did not hold any Futures
−Removed: Contracts traded on the ICE Futures.
−Removed: For a list of UGA's current holdings, please see UGA's website at www.uscfinvestments.com.
+Added: Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on futures transactions, inclusive of commissions
+Added: Net income (loss)
+Added: Weighted average limited partnership shares
+Added: Net income (loss) per share
+Added: Net income (loss) per weighted average share
+Added: Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.