Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) of T-Mobile US, Inc. (“T-Mobile,” “we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company”) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, including information concerning our future results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions, which are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. The following important factors, along with the Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q, could affect future results and cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements:
• competition, industry consolidation and changes in the market for wireless communications services and other forms of connectivity;
• criminal cyberattacks, disruption, data loss or other security breaches;
• our inability to take advantage of technological developments on a timely basis;
• our inability to retain or motivate key personnel, hire qualified personnel or maintain our corporate culture;
• system failures and business disruptions, allowing for unauthorized use of or interference with our network and other systems;
• the scarcity and cost of additional wireless spectrum, and regulations relating to spectrum use;
• challenges in modernizing our existing applications and systems;
• the impacts of the actions we have taken and conditions we have agreed to in connection with the regulatory proceedings and approvals of our merger (the “Merger”) with Sprint Corporation (“Sprint”) pursuant to a Business Combination Agreement with Sprint and the other parties named therein (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”) and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (collectively, the “Transactions”), including the acquisition by DISH Network Corporation (“DISH”) of the prepaid wireless business operated under the Boost Mobile and Sprint prepaid brands (excluding the Assurance brand Lifeline customers and the prepaid wireless customers of Shenandoah Personal Communications Company LLC and Swiftel Communications, Inc.), including customer accounts, inventory, contracts, intellectual property and certain other specified assets, and the assumption of certain related liabilities (collectively, the “Prepaid Transaction”), the complaint and proposed final judgment (the “Final Judgment”) agreed to by us, Deutsche Telekom AG (“DT”), Sprint, SoftBank Group Corp. (“SoftBank”) and DISH with the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, which was approved by the Court on April 1, 2020, as amended on October 23, 2023, the proposed commitments filed with the Secretary of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), which we announced on May 20, 2019, certain national security commitments and undertakings, and any other commitments or undertakings entered into, including, but not limited to, those we have made to certain states and nongovernmental organizations (collectively, the “Government Commitments”), and the challenges in satisfying the Government Commitments in the required time frames and the significant cumulative costs incurred in tracking and monitoring compliance over multiple years;
• adverse economic, political or market conditions in the U.S. and international markets, including changes resulting from increases in inflation or interest rates, supply chain disruptions and impacts of geopolitical instability, such as the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas wars and further escalations thereof;
• sociopolitical volatility and polarization;
• our inability to manage the ongoing arrangements entered into in connection with the Prepaid Transaction, and known or unknown liabilities arising in connection therewith;
• the timing and effects of any future acquisition, divestiture, investment, or merger involving us, including our inability to obtain any required regulatory approval necessary to consummate any such transactions;
• any disruption or failure of our third parties (including key suppliers) to provide products or services for the operation of our business;
• our substantial level of indebtedness and our inability to service our debt obligations in accordance with their terms;
• changes in the credit market conditions, credit rating downgrades or an inability to access debt markets;
• the risk of future material weaknesses we may identify or any other failure by us to maintain effective internal controls, and the resulting significant costs and reputational damage;
• any changes in regulations or in the regulatory framework under which we operate;
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• laws and regulations relating to the handling of privacy and data protection;
• unfavorable outcomes of and increased costs from existing or future regulatory or legal proceedings;
• difficulties in protecting our intellectual property rights or if we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others;
• our offering of regulated financial services products and exposure to a wide variety of state and federal regulations;
• new or amended tax laws or regulations or administrative interpretations and judicial decisions affecting the scope or application of tax laws or regulations;
• our wireless licenses, including those controlled through leasing agreements, are subject to renewal and may be revoked;
• our exclusive forum provision as provided in our Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation;
• interests of DT, our controlling stockholder, which may differ from the interests of other stockholders;
• the dollar amount authorized for our 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program (as defined in Note 11 – Stockholder Return Program of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) may not be fully utilized, and our share repurchases and dividend payments pursuant thereto may fail to have the desired impact on stockholder value; and
• future sales of our common stock by DT and SoftBank and our inability to attract additional equity financing outside the United States due to foreign ownership limitations by the FCC.
Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
Investors and others should note that we announce material information to our investors using our investor relations website (https://investor.t-mobile.com), newsroom website (https://t-mobile.com/news), press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We intend to also use certain social media accounts as means of disclosing information about us and our services and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD (the @TMobileIR X account (https://x.com/TMobileIR), the @MikeSievert X account (https://x.com/MikeSievert), which Mr. Sievert also uses as a means for personal communications and observations, and the @TMobileCFO X account (https://x.com/tmobilecfo) and our Chief Financial Officer’s LinkedIn account (https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-osvaldik-3887394), both of which Mr. Osvaldik also uses as a means for personal communication and observations). The information we post through these social media channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these social media channels in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The social media channels that we intend to use as a means of disclosing the information described above may be updated from time to time as listed on our investor relations website.
Overview
The objectives of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) are to provide users of our condensed consolidated financial statements with the following:
• A narrative explanation from the perspective of management of our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect future results;
• Context to the condensed consolidated financial statements; and
• Information that allows assessment of the likelihood that past performance is indicative of future performance.
Our MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read together with, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, and audited consolidated financial statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Except as expressly stated, the financial condition and results of operations discussed throughout our MD&A are those of T-Mobile US, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
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Merger-Related Costs
Merger-related costs associated with the Sprint Merger generally include:
• Integration costs to achieve efficiencies in network, retail, information technology and back office operations, migrate customers to the T-Mobile network and billing systems and the impact of legal matters assumed as part of the Merger;
• Restructuring costs, including severance, store rationalization and network decommissioning; and
• Transaction costs, including legal and professional services related to the completion of the transactions.
Merger-related costs have been excluded from our calculations of Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP financial measures, as we do not consider these costs to be reflective of our ongoing operating performance. See “Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA” in the “ Performance Measures ” section of this MD&A. Net cash payments for Merger-related costs, including payments related to our restructuring plan, are included in Net cash provided by operating activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized a gain for the $100 million extension fee previously paid by DISH associated with the DISH License Purchase Agreement as a reduction to Selling, general and administrative expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The gain was presented as a reduction in Merger-related costs and excluded from our calculations of Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA. See Note 6 – Goodwill, Spectrum License Transactions and Other Intangible Assets of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Merger-related costs are presented below:
(in millions) Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Merger-related costs
Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization $ 73 $ 178 $ (105) (59) % $ 180 $ 386 $ (206) (53) %
Cost of equipment sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization — — — NM — (9) 9 (100) %
Selling, general and administrative (82) 98 (180) (184) % (59) 257 (316) (123) %
Total Merger-related (gain) costs, net $ (9) $ 276 $ (285) (103) % $ 121 $ 634 $ (513) (81) %
Net cash payments for Merger-related costs $ 241 $ 728 $ (487) (67) % $ 534 $ 1,212 $ (678) (56) %
NM- Not meaningful
As of June 30, 2024, we have incurred all restructuring and integration costs associated with the Sprint Merger, with the cash payments for the Merger-related costs extending beyond 2024. Cash payments extending beyond 2024 primarily relate to operating and financing leases for which we have recognized accelerated lease expense.
Lumos Joint Venture
On April 24, 2024, we entered into a merger agreement with a fund operated by EQT, Infrastructure VI fund (“Fund VI”), for the joint acquisition by us and Fund VI of Lumos, a fiber-to-the-home platform (“Lumos”), from EQT’s predecessor fund, EQT Infrastructure III. The Lumos joint acquisition is expected to close in late 2024 or early 2025, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. At closing, we expect to invest approximately $950 million in the joint venture to acquire a 50% equity interest and all existing Lumos fiber customers. The funds invested by us will be used to fund future fiber builds. In addition, pursuant to the merger agreement, we expect to make an additional capital contribution of approximately $500 million in 2027 or 2028. The joint venture will focus on market identification and selection, network engineering and design, network deployment, and customer installation, with us owning customer relationships and selling fiber service under the T-Mobile brand. Upon closing of the transaction, we expect to account for the Lumos joint venture under the equity method of accounting and recognize service revenues for the acquired Lumos fiber customers and wholesale costs paid to the joint venture for network access reflected in Cost of services on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
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Acquisition of Ka’ena Corporation
On May 1, 2024 (the “Acquisition Date”), we completed the merger with Ka’ena Corporation and its subsidiaries, including, among others, Mint Mobile LLC (collectively, “Ka’ena”), and as a result, Ka’ena became a wholly owned subsidiary of T-Mobile (the “Ka’ena Acquisition”). The total purchase price is variable, dependent upon specified performance indicators of Ka’ena, and consists of an upfront payment on the Acquisition Date and an earnout payable on August 1, 2026. On the Acquisition Date and in satisfaction of the upfront payment, we transferred $420 million in cash and 3,264,952 shares of T-Mobile common stock valued at $536 million as determined based on its closing market price on April 30, 2024, for a total payment fair value of $956 million. A portion of the upfront payments made on the Acquisition Date was for the settlement of the preexisting wholesale relationship with Ka’ena.
Based on the amount paid upfront, up to an additional $403 million in future cash and T-Mobile common stock is payable in satisfaction of the earnout, dependent upon Ka’ena’s achievement of specified performance indicators.
Prior to the Ka’ena Acquisition, Ka’ena was a wholesale partner of the Company for which we recognized service revenues within Wholesale and other service revenues. Upon the closing of the Ka’ena Acquisition, this relationship was effectively terminated, and the Company acquired Ka’ena’s prepaid customer relationships and will recognize service revenues associated with these customers within Prepaid revenues and operating expenses primarily within Selling, general and administrative expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income subsequent to the Acquisition Date.
For more information regarding the Ka’ena Acquisition, see Note 2 – Business Combinations of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
UScellular Wireless Operations
On May 24, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with United States Cellular Corporation (“UScellular”), Telephone and Data Systems, Inc., and USCC Wireless Holdings, LLC, pursuant to which, among other things, we will acquire substantially all of UScellular’s wireless operations and select spectrum assets for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $4.4 billion, payable in cash and the assumption of up to $2.0 billion of debt through an exchange offer to be made to certain UScellular debtholders prior to closing. To the extent any debtholders do not participate in the exchange, their bonds will continue as obligations of UScellular, and the cash portion of the purchase price will be correspondingly increased. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2025, subject to customary closing conditions and receipt of certain regulatory approvals. Upon closing of the transaction, we expect to account for the UScellular transaction as a business combination and to consolidate the acquired operations. We expect this transaction will yield approximately $1.0 billion in total annual run rate cost synergies, including operating expense and capital expenditure synergies, upon integration, with total cost to achieve the integration currently estimated at between $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion.
For more information regarding our acquisition of UScellular Wireless Assets, see Note 2 – Business Combinations of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Metronet Joint Venture
Subsequent to June 30, 2024, on July 18, 2024, we entered into a definitive agreement with KKR & Co. Inc. (“KKR”) to establish a joint venture to acquire Metronet Holdings, LLC and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Metronet”), a fiber-to-the-home platform. This arrangement is expected to close in 2025, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. At closing, we expect to invest approximately $4.9 billion in the joint venture to acquire a 50% equity interest and all existing residential fiber customers, as well as funding the joint venture. We do not anticipate making further capital contributions following the closing. The joint venture will focus on build plans, network engineering and design, network deployment, and customer installation, with us owning customer relationships and selling fiber service under the T-Mobile brand. Upon the closing of the transaction, we expect to account for the Metronet joint venture under the equity method of accounting and recognize service revenues for the acquired Metronet fiber customers and wholesale costs paid to the joint venture for network access reflected in Cost of services on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
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Results of Operations
Set forth below is a summary of our consolidated financial results:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in millions) 2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Revenues
Postpaid revenues $ 12,899 $ 12,070 $ 829 7 % $ 25,530 $ 23,932 $ 1,598 7 %
Prepaid revenues 2,592 2,444 148 6 % 4,995 4,861 134 3 %
Wholesale and other service revenues 938 1,224 (286) (23) % 2,000 2,491 (491) (20) %
Total service revenues 16,429 15,738 691 4 % 32,525 31,284 1,241 4 %
Equipment revenues 3,106 3,169 (63) (2) % 6,357 6,888 (531) (8) %
Other revenues 237 289 (52) (18) % 484 656 (172) (26) %
Total revenues 19,772 19,196 576 3 % 39,366 38,828 538 1 %
Operating expenses
Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below 2,664 2,916 (252) (9) % 5,352 5,977 (625) (10) %
Cost of equipment sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below 4,088 4,088 — — % 8,487 8,676 (189) (2) %
Selling, general and administrative 5,142 5,272 (130) (2) % 10,280 10,697 (417) (4) %
Loss (gain) on disposal group held for sale — 17 (17) (100) % — (25) 25 (100) %
Depreciation and amortization 3,248 3,110 138 4 % 6,619 6,313 306 5 %
Total operating expenses 15,142 15,403 (261) (2) % 30,738 31,638 (900) (3) %
Operating income 4,630 3,793 837 22 % 8,628 7,190 1,438 20 %
Other expense, net
Interest expense, net (854) (861) 7 (1) % (1,734) (1,696) (38) 2 %
Other (expense) income, net (8) 6 (14) (233) % 12 15 (3) (20) %
Total other expense, net (862) (855) (7) 1 % (1,722) (1,681) (41) 2 %
Income before income taxes 3,768 2,938 830 28 % 6,906 5,509 1,397 25 %
Income tax expense (843) (717) (126) 18 % (1,607) (1,348) (259) 19 %
Net income $ 2,925 $ 2,221 $ 704 32 % $ 5,299 $ 4,161 $ 1,138 27 %
Statement of Cash Flows Data
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 5,521 $ 4,355 $ 1,166 27 % $ 10,605 $ 8,406 $ 2,199 26 %
Net cash used in investing activities (1,678) (1,487) (191) 13 % (3,465) (3,215) (250) 8 %
Net cash used in financing activities (4,134) (784) (3,350) 427 % (5,800) (3,057) (2,743) 90 %
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA $ 8,053 $ 7,405 $ 648 9 % $ 15,705 $ 14,604 $ 1,101 8 %
Core Adjusted EBITDA 8,027 7,336 691 9 % 15,644 14,388 1,256 9 %
Adjusted Free Cash Flow 4,439 2,877 1,562 54 % 7,786 5,278 2,508 48 %
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The following discussion and analysis is for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, unless otherwise stated.
Total revenues increased $576 million, or 3%, for the three months ended and increased $538 million, or 1%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The components of these changes are discussed below.
Postpaid revenues increased $829 million, or 7%, for the three months ended and increased $1.6 billion, or 7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher average postpaid accounts; and
• Higher postpaid ARPA. See “Postpaid ARPA” in the “ Performance Measures ” section of this MD&A.
Prepaid revenues increased $148 million, or 6%, for the three months ended and increased $134 million, or 3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher average prepaid customers, primarily from the prepaid customers acquired through the Ka’ena Acquisition; partially offset by
• Lower prepaid ARPU. See “Prepaid ARPU” in the “ Performance Measures ” section of this MD&A.
Wholesale and other service revenues decreased $286 million, or 23%, for the three months ended and decreased $491 million, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Lower MVNO revenues, primarily due to DISH servicing more of its Boost customers with their standalone network, the impact from the Ka’ena Acquisition and the migration of legacy TracFone customers off of the T-Mobile network, partially offset by growth in other MVNO partners; and
• Lower Affordable Connectivity Program and Lifeline revenues.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Lower Wireline revenues due to the sale of the Wireline Business on May 1, 2023;
• Lower MVNO revenues, primarily due to DISH servicing more of its Boost customers with their standalone network and the migration of legacy TracFone customers off of the T-Mobile network, partially offset by growth in other MVNO partners; and
• Lower Affordable Connectivity Program and Lifeline revenues.
Equipment revenues decreased $63 million, or 2%, for the three months ended and decreased $531 million, or 8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $140 million in device sales revenue, excluding purchased leased devices, primarily from:
• A net decrease in the total number of devices sold, driven by lower Assurance Wireless, prepaid and postpaid upgrade units, partially offset by higher postpaid gross addition related devices; partially offset by
• Slightly higher average revenue per device sold, net of promotions, primarily driven by an increase in the high-end phone mix; partially offset by
• An increase of $121 million in liquidation revenue, primarily due to a higher number of in-house liquidated devices, including the impact from the transition of certain device recovery programs from external sources to in-house processing.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $643 million in device sales revenue, excluding purchased leased devices, primarily from:
• A net decrease in the total number of devices sold, driven by lower Assurance Wireless, prepaid and postpaid upgrade units, partially offset by higher postpaid gross addition related devices; partially offset by
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• Slightly higher average revenue per device sold, net of promotions, primarily driven by an increase in the high-end phone mix; partially offset by
• A decrease of $155 million in lease revenues, primarily due to a lower number of customer devices under lease as a result of the continued strategic shift in device financing from leasing to EIP; partially offset by
• An increase of $348 million in liquidation revenue, primarily due to a higher number of in-house liquidated devices, including the impact from the transition of certain device recovery programs from external sources to in-house processing.
Other revenues decreased $52 million, or 18%, for the three months ended and decreased $172 million, or 26%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from the transition of certain device recovery programs from external sources to in-house processing, resulting in a change in presentation from Other revenues to Equipment revenues.
Total operating expenses decreased $261 million, or 2%, for the three months ended and decreased $900 million, or 3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The components of this change are discussed below.
Cost of services , exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased $252 million, or 9%, for the three months ended and decreased $625 million, or 10%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $105 million in Merger-related costs related to network decommissioning and integration;
• Lower employee costs, primarily due to reduced headcount; and
• Higher Merger synergies.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Lower costs due to the sale of the Wireline Business on May 1, 2023;
• A decrease of $206 million in Merger-related costs related to network decommissioning and integration;
• Lower employee costs, primarily due to reduced headcount; and
• Higher Merger synergies.
Cost of equipment sales , exclusive of depreciation and amortization, was flat for the three months ended and decreased $189 million, or 2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Offsetting impacts for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily included:
• An increase of $99 million in liquidation costs, primarily due to a higher number of in-house liquidated devices, including the impact from the transition of certain device recovery programs from external sources to in-house processing; offset by
• A decrease of $65 million in device cost of equipment sales, excluding purchased leased devices, primarily from:
• A net decrease in the total number of devices sold, driven by lower Assurance Wireless, prepaid and postpaid upgrade units, partially offset by higher postpaid gross addition related devices; partially offset by
• Higher average cost per device sold, primarily driven by a shift in the high-end phone mix.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $356 million in device cost of equipment sales, excluding purchased leased devices, primarily from:
• A net decrease in the total number of devices sold, driven by lower Assurance Wireless, prepaid and postpaid upgrade units, partially offset by higher postpaid gross addition related devices; partially offset by
• Higher average cost per device sold, primarily driven by a shift in the high-end phone mix; partially offset by
• An increase of $255 million in liquidation costs, primarily due to a higher number of in-house liquidated devices, including the impact from the transition of certain device recovery programs from external sources to in-house processing.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $130 million, or 2%, for the three months ended and decreased $417 million, or 4%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $180 million in Merger-related costs, including the $100 million gain recognized in the current period for the extension fee previously paid by DISH associated with the DISH License Purchase Agreement; and
• Higher Merger synergies; partially offset by
• Higher costs as a result of the Ka’ena Acquisition.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A decrease of $316 million in Merger-related costs, including the $100 million gain recognized in the current period for the extension fee previously paid by DISH associated with the DISH License Purchase Agreement;
• Lower employee costs, primarily due to reduced headcount; and
• Higher Merger synergies; partially offset by
• Higher legal expenses, including the settlement associated with the FCC Notices of Apparent Liability (See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements); and
• Higher costs as a result of the Ka’ena Acquisition.
Loss (gain) on disposal group held for sale was a loss of $17 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and a gain of $25 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, related to the sale of the Wireline Business on May 1, 2023. There was no gain or loss on disposal group held for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
Depreciation and amortization increased $138 million, or 4%, for the three months ended and increased $306 million, or 5%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from higher depreciation expense from the acceleration of certain technology assets as we continue to modernize our network, technology systems and platforms.
Operating income , the components of which are discussed above, increased $837 million, or 22%, for the three months ended and increased $1.4 billion, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Interest expense, net was relatively flat.
Other (expense) income, net was insignificant for both periods.
Income before income taxes , the components of which are discussed above, was $3.8 billion and $2.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $6.9 billion and $5.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income tax expense increased $126 million, or 18%, for the three months ended and increased $259 million, or 19%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher income before income taxes; partially offset by
• An increase in tax benefits from adjustments to certain tax reserves.
Our effective tax rate was 22.4% and 24.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 23.3% and 24.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Net income , the components of which are discussed above, was $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $5.3 billion and $4.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Net income included a Merger-related gain, net of Merger-related costs and tax, of $6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and Merger-related costs, net of Merger-related gain and tax, of $91 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to Merger-related costs, net of tax, of $207 million and $475 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
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Guarantor Financial Information
Pursuant to the applicable indentures and supplemental indentures, the Senior Notes to affiliates and third parties issued by T-Mobile USA, Inc., Sprint and Sprint Capital Corporation (collectively, the “Issuers”) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by T-Mobile (“Parent”) and certain of Parent’s 100% owned subsidiaries (“Guarantor Subsidiaries”).
The guarantees of the Guarantor Subsidiaries are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. Generally, the guarantees of the Guarantor Subsidiaries with respect to the Senior Notes issued by T-Mobile USA, Inc. (other than $3.5 billion in principal amount of Senior Notes issued in 2017 and 2018) and the credit agreement entered into by T-Mobile USA, Inc. will be automatically and unconditionally released if, immediately following such release and any concurrent releases of other guarantees, the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness of non-guarantor subsidiaries (other than certain specified subsidiaries) would not exceed $2.0 billion. The indentures, supplemental indentures and credit agreements governing the long-term debt contain covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers or borrowers and the Guarantor Subsidiaries to incur more debt, create liens or other encumbrances, and to merge, consolidate or sell, or otherwise dispose of, substantially all of their assets.
Basis of Presentation
The following tables include summarized financial information of the obligor groups of debt issued by T-Mobile USA, Inc., Sprint and Sprint Capital Corporation. The summarized financial information of each obligor group is presented on a combined basis with balances and transactions within the obligor group eliminated. Investments in and the equity in earnings of non-guarantor subsidiaries, which would otherwise be consolidated in accordance with GAAP, are excluded from the below summarized financial information pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 13-01.
The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by T-Mobile USA, Inc. is presented in the table below:
(in millions) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023
Current assets $ 17,771 $ 17,601
Noncurrent assets 178,922 178,252
Current liabilities 20,833 19,040
Noncurrent liabilities (1)
119,209 128,197
Due to non-guarantors (1)
866 10,916
Due to related parties 1,570 1,576
(1) The decrease in Noncurrent liabilities and Due to non-guarantors was primarily driven by the impact of certain intercompany settlements during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by T-Mobile USA, Inc. is presented in the table below:
(in millions) Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024 Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Total revenues $ 38,146 $ 75,934
Operating income 6,834 10,707
Net income 3,729 4,766
Revenue from non-guarantors 1,283 2,393
Operating expenses to non-guarantors 1,236 2,569
Other expense to non-guarantors (120) (699)
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The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Sprint is presented in the table below:
(in millions) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023
Current assets $ 12,365 $ 11,193
Noncurrent assets 12,404 11,324
Current liabilities 12,688 12,751
Noncurrent liabilities (1)
88,406 110,688
Due to non-guarantors (1)
17,522 41,805
Due to related parties 1,570 1,576
(1) The decrease in Noncurrent liabilities and Due to non-guarantors was primarily driven by the impact of certain intercompany settlements during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Sprint is presented in the table below:
(in millions) Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024 Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Total revenues $ 7 $ 19
Operating loss (1,808) (3,197)
Net loss (4,116) (7,629)
Other expense, net, to non-guarantors (364) (2,005)
The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Sprint Capital Corporation is presented in the table below:
(in millions) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023
Current assets $ 12,366 $ 11,193
Noncurrent assets 12,403 11,324
Current liabilities 12,760 12,823
Noncurrent liabilities (1)
84,555 106,881
Due to non-guarantors (1)
8,430 32,706
Due to related parties 1,570 1,576
(1) The decrease in Noncurrent liabilities and Due to non-guarantors was primarily driven by the impact of certain intercompany settlements during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Sprint Capital Corporation is presented in the table below:
(in millions) Six Months Ended
June 30, 2024 Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Total revenues $ 7 $ 19
Operating loss (1,808) (3,197)
Net loss (4,071) (7,491)
Other expense, net, to non-guarantors (180) (1,489)
Performance Measures
In managing our business and assessing financial performance, we supplement the information provided by our condensed consolidated financial statements with other operating or statistical data and non-GAAP financial measures. These operating and financial measures are utilized by our management to evaluate our operating performance and, in certain cases, our ability to meet liquidity requirements. Although companies in the wireless industry may not define each of these measures in precisely the same way, we believe that these measures facilitate comparisons with other companies in the wireless industry on key operating and financial measures.
Postpaid Accounts
A postpaid account is generally defined as a billing account number that generates revenue. Postpaid accounts generally consist of customers that are qualified for postpaid service utilizing phones, High Speed Internet modems, mobile internet devices (including tablets and hotspots), wearables, DIGITS and other connected devices (including SyncUP and IoT), where they generally pay after receiving service.
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The following table sets forth the number of ending postpaid accounts:
As of June 30, Change
(in thousands) 2024 2023 # %
Postpaid accounts 30,316 29,112 1,204 4 %
Postpaid Net Account Additions
The following table sets forth the number of postpaid net account additions:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in thousands) 2024 2023 # % 2024 2023 # %
Postpaid net account additions 301 299 2 1 % 519 586 (67) (11) %
Postpaid net account additions increased slightly for the three months ended and decreased 67,000, or 11%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The slight increase for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Higher gross additions; mostly offset by
• Higher deactivations and fewer High Speed Internet only additions due to the sunsetting of promotional pricing, as well as a higher mix of High Speed Internet customers from existing accounts.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Higher deactivations and fewer High Speed Internet only additions due to the sunsetting of promotional pricing, as well as a higher mix of High Speed Internet customers from existing accounts; partially offset by
• Higher gross additions.
Customers
A customer is generally defined as a SIM number with a unique T-Mobile identifier which is associated with an account that generates revenue. Customers are qualified either for postpaid service utilizing phones, High Speed Internet modems, mobile internet devices (including tablets and hotspots), wearables, DIGITS and other connected devices (including SyncUP and IoT), where they generally pay after receiving service, or prepaid service, where they generally pay in advance of receiving service.
The following table sets forth the number of ending customers:
As of June 30, Change
(in thousands) 2024 2023 # %
Customers, end of period
Postpaid phone customers 77,245 74,132 3,113 4 %
Postpaid other customers 23,365 20,954 2,411 12 %
Total postpaid customers 100,610 95,086 5,524 6 %
Prepaid customers (1)
25,283 21,516 3,767 18 %
Total customers 125,893 116,602 9,291 8 %
Adjustments to customers (1)
3,504 — 3,504 NM
(1) In the second quarter of 2024, we acquired 3,504,000 prepaid customers through the Ka’ena Acquisition, which includes the impact of certain base adjustments to align the policies of Ka’ena and T-Mobile.
NM - Not meaningful
High Speed Internet customers included in Postpaid other customers were 4,992,000 and 3,302,000 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. High Speed Internet customers included in Prepaid customers were 595,000 and 376,000 as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Net Customer Additions
The following table sets forth the number of net customer additions:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in thousands) 2024 2023 # % 2024 2023 # %
Net customer additions
Postpaid phone customers 777 760 17 2 % 1,309 1,298 11 1 %
Postpaid other customers 561 801 (240) (30) % 1,249 1,556 (307) (20) %
Total postpaid customers 1,338 1,561 (223) (14) % 2,558 2,854 (296) (10) %
Prepaid customers 179 124 55 44 % 131 150 (19) (13) %
Total net customer additions 1,517 1,685 (168) (10) % 2,689 3,004 (315) (10) %
Adjustments to customers 3,504 — 3,504 NM 3,504 — 3,504 NM
NM - Not meaningful
Total net customer additions decreased 168,000, or 10%, for the three months ended and decreased 315,000, or 10% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Lower postpaid other net customer additions, primarily due to
• Deactivations of lower ARPU mobile internet devices in the educational sector that were originally activated during the Pandemic and no longer needed;
• Lower net additions from High Speed Internet, primarily driven by increased deactivations from a growing customer base, partially offset by a lower churn rate; and
• Lower net additions from wearables; partially offset by
• Higher net additions from other connected devices; partially offset by
• Higher prepaid net customer additions, primarily due to higher gross additions following the Ka’ena Acquisition and lower churn, partially offset by continued moderation of prepaid industry growth; and
• Higher postpaid phone net customer additions, primarily due to higher gross additions, partially offset by increased deactivations from a growing base and slightly higher churn.
• High Speed Internet net customer additions included in postpaid other net customer additions were 358,000 and 447,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. High Speed Internet net customer additions included in prepaid net customer additions were 48,000 and 62,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Lower postpaid other net customer additions, primarily due to
• Lower net additions from High Speed Internet, primarily driven by increased deactivations from a growing customer base, partially offset by a lower churn rate; and
• Lower net additions from wearables; partially offset by
• Higher net additions from other connected devices; and
• Lower prepaid net customer additions, primarily driven by continued moderation of prepaid industry growth and lower net additions from High Speed Internet, partially offset by higher gross additions following the Ka’ena Acquisition and lower churn; partially offset by
• Slightly higher postpaid phone net customer additions, primarily due to higher gross additions, mostly offset by increased deactivations from a growing base.
• High Speed Internet net customer additions included in postpaid other net customer additions were 704,000 and 892,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. High Speed Internet net customer additions included in prepaid net customer additions were 107,000 and 140,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Churn
Churn represents the number of customers whose service was deactivated as a percentage of the average number of customers during the specified period further divided by the number of months in the period. The number of customers whose service was deactivated is presented net of customers that subsequently had their service restored within a certain period of time and excludes customers who received service for less than a certain minimum period of time. We believe that churn provides management, investors and analysts with useful information to evaluate customer retention and loyalty.
The following table sets forth the churn:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
2024 2023 2024 2023
Postpaid phone churn 0.80 % 0.77 % 3 bps 0.83 % 0.83 % — bps
Prepaid churn 2.54 % 2.62 % -8 bps 2.64 % 2.69 % -5 bps
Postpaid phone churn increased 3 basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to rate plan optimizations.
Postpaid phone churn was flat for the six months ended June 30, 2024, impacted by:
• Improved customer retention driven by value and network leadership; offset by
• Rate plan optimizations.
Prepaid churn decreased 8 basis points for the three months ended and decreased 5 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by the inclusion of prepaid customers associated with the Ka’ena Acquisition with lower churn.
Postpaid Average Revenue Per Account
Postpaid Average Revenue per Account (“ARPA”) represents the average monthly postpaid service revenue earned per account. Postpaid ARPA is calculated as Postpaid revenues for the specified period divided by the average number of postpaid accounts during the period, further divided by the number of months in the period. We believe postpaid ARPA provides management, investors and analysts with useful information to assess and evaluate our postpaid service revenue realization and assists in forecasting our future postpaid service revenues on a per account basis. We consider postpaid ARPA to be indicative of our revenue growth potential given the increase in the average number of postpaid phone customers per account and increases in postpaid other customers, including High Speed Internet, mobile internet devices (including tablets and hotspots), wearables, DIGITS and other connected devices (including SyncUP and IoT).
The following table sets forth our operating measure ARPA:
(in dollars) Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Postpaid ARPA $ 142.54 $ 138.94 $ 3.60 3 % $ 141.71 $ 138.49 $ 3.22 2 %
Postpaid ARPA increased $3.60, or 3%, for the three months ended and increased $3.22, or 2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher premium services, primarily high-end rate plans, net of contra-revenue for content included in such plans, and discounts for specific affinity groups, such as 55+, Military and First Responder, partially offset by lower average device protection revenue; and
• An increase in customers per account, including continued adoption of High Speed Internet; partially offset by
• Increased promotional activity; and
• An increase in High Speed Internet only accounts.
Average Revenue Per User
Average Revenue per User (“ARPU”) represents the average monthly service revenue earned per customer. ARPU is calculated as service revenues for the specified period divided by the average number of customers during the period, further divided by
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the number of months in the period. We believe ARPU provides management, investors and analysts with useful information to assess and evaluate our service revenue per customer and assist in forecasting our future service revenues generated from our customer base. Postpaid phone ARPU excludes postpaid other customers and related revenues, which include High Speed Internet, mobile internet devices (including tablets and hotspots), wearables, DIGITS and other connected devices (including SyncUP and IoT).
The following table sets forth our operating measure ARPU:
(in dollars) Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Postpaid phone ARPU $ 49.07 $ 48.84 $ 0.23 — % $ 48.93 $ 48.73 $ 0.20 — %
Prepaid ARPU 35.94 37.98 (2.04) (5) % 36.52 37.98 (1.46) (4) %
Postpaid Phone ARPU
Postpaid phone ARPU was flat for the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher premium services, primarily high-end rate plans, net of contra-revenue for content included in such plans, and discounts for specific affinity groups, such as 55+, Military and First Responder, partially offset by lower average device protection revenue; offset by
• Increased promotional activity; and
• Growth in business customers with lower ARPU given larger account sizes.
Prepaid ARPU
Prepaid ARPU decreased $2.04, or 5%, for the three months ended and decreased $1.46, or 4%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from the inclusion of lower ARPU prepaid customers associated with the Ka’ena Acquisition.
Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before Interest expense, net of Interest income, Income tax expense, Depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and certain expenses, gains and losses, which are not reflective of our ongoing operating performance (“Special Items”). Special Items include Merger-related (gain) costs, net, loss (gain) on disposal groups held for sale, certain legal-related recoveries and expenses, restructuring costs not directly attributable to the Merger (including severance), and other non-core gains and losses. Core Adjusted EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA less device lease revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA divided by Service revenues. Core Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Core Adjusted EBITDA divided by Service revenues.
Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Core Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures utilized by our management to monitor the financial performance of our operations. We historically used Adjusted EBITDA, and we currently use Core Adjusted EBITDA internally as a measure to evaluate and compensate our personnel and management for their performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA as benchmarks to evaluate our operating performance in comparison to our competitors. Management believes analysts and investors use Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA as supplemental measures to evaluate overall operating performance and to facilitate comparisons with other wireless communications services companies because they are indicative of our ongoing operating performance and trends by excluding the impact of interest expense from financing, non-cash depreciation and amortization from capital investments, non-cash stock-based compensation, and Special Items. Management believes analysts and investors use Core Adjusted EBITDA because it normalizes for the transition in the Company’s device financing strategy, by excluding the impact of device lease revenues from Adjusted EBITDA, to align with the exclusion of the related depreciation expense on leased devices from Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Core Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for income from operations, net income or any other measure of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP.
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The following table illustrates the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA and reconciles Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA to Net income, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Net income $ 2,925 $ 2,221 $ 704 32 % $ 5,299 $ 4,161 $ 1,138 27 %
Adjustments:
Interest expense, net 854 861 (7) (1) % 1,734 1,696 38 2 %
Other expense (income), net 8 (6) 14 (233) % (12) (15) 3 (20) %
Income tax expense 843 717 126 18 % 1,607 1,348 259 19 %
Operating income 4,630 3,793 837 22 % 8,628 7,190 1,438 20 %
Depreciation and amortization 3,248 3,110 138 4 % 6,619 6,313 306 5 %
Stock-based compensation (1)
147 155 (8) (5) % 287 328 (41) (13) %
Merger-related (gain) costs, net (2)
(9) 276 (285) (103) % 121 634 (513) (81) %
Legal-related expenses (recoveries), net (3)
15 — 15 NM 15 (43) 58 (135) %
Loss (gain) on disposal group held for sale — 17 (17) (100) % — (25) 25 (100) %
Other, net (4)
22 54 (32) (59) % 35 207 (172) (83) %
Adjusted EBITDA 8,053 7,405 648 9 % 15,705 14,604 1,101 8 %
Lease revenues (26) (69) 43 (62) % (61) (216) 155 (72) %
Core Adjusted EBITDA
$ 8,027 $ 7,336 $ 691 9 % $ 15,644 $ 14,388 $ 1,256 9 %
Net income margin (Net income divided by Service revenues) 18 % 14 % 400 bps 16 % 13 % 300 bps
Adjusted EBITDA margin (Adjusted EBITDA divided by Service revenues) 49 % 47 % 200 bps 48 % 47 % 100 bps
Core Adjusted EBITDA margin (Core Adjusted EBITDA divided by Service revenues)
49 % 47 % 200 bps 48 % 46 % 200 bps
(1) Stock-based compensation includes payroll tax impacts and may not agree with stock-based compensation expense on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Additionally, certain stock-based compensation expenses associated with the Transactions have been included in Merger-related (gain) costs, net.
(2) Merger-related (gain) costs, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, includes the $100 million gain recognized for the extension fee previously paid by DISH associated with the DISH License Purchase Agreement.
(3) Legal-related expenses (recoveries), net, consists of the settlement of certain litigation associated with the August 2021 cyberattack and is presented net of insurance recoveries.
(4) Other, net, primarily consists of certain severance, restructuring and other expenses, gains and losses, not directly attributable to the Merger, which are not reflective of T-Mobile’s core business activities and are, therefore, excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Core Adjusted EBITDA.
NM - Not meaningful
Core Adjusted EBITDA increased $691 million, or 9%, for the three months ended and increased $1.3 billion, or 9%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The components comprising Core Adjusted EBITDA are discussed further above.
The increase for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Higher Total service revenues; and
• Lower Cost of services, excluding Special Items.
The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• Higher Total service revenues;
• Lower Cost of services, excluding Special Items; and
• Lower Cost of equipment sales, excluding Special Items; partially offset by
• Lower Equipment revenues, excluding lease revenues; and
• Lower Other revenues.
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Adjusted EBITDA increased $648 million, or 9%, for the three months ended and increased $1.1 billion, or 8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to the fluctuations in Core Adjusted EBITDA, discussed above, partially offset by lower lease revenues, which decreased $43 million for the three months ended and decreased $155 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations, proceeds from issuance of debt, financing leases, the sale of certain receivables, the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) and an unsecured short-term commercial paper program. Further, the incurrence of additional indebtedness may inhibit our ability to incur new debt in the future to finance our business strategy under the terms governing our existing and future indebtedness.
Cash Flows
The following is a condensed schedule of our cash flows:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in millions) 2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 5,521 $ 4,355 $ 1,166 27 % $ 10,605 $ 8,406 $ 2,199 26 %
Net cash used in investing activities (1,678) (1,487) (191) 13 % (3,465) (3,215) (250) 8 %
Net cash used in financing activities (4,134) (784) (3,350) 427 % (5,800) (3,057) (2,743) 90 %
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $1.2 billion, or 27%, for the three months ended and increased $2.2 billion, or 26%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The increase for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A $954 million increase in Net income, adjusted for non-cash income and expense; and
• A $212 million decrease in net cash outflows from changes in working capital, primarily due to lower use of cash from Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, Accounts receivable and Other current and long-term liabilities, partially offset by higher use of cash from Other current and long-term assets and Inventory.
• Net cash provided by operating activities includes the impact of $241 million and $728 million in net payments for Merger-related costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• A $1.7 billion increase in Net income, adjusted for non-cash income and expense; and
• A $531 million decrease in net cash outflows from changes in working capital, primarily due to lower use of cash from Accounts receivable, partially offset by higher use of cash from Other current and long-term assets and Operating lease right-of-use assets.
• Net cash provided by operating activities includes the impact of $534 million and $1.2 billion in net payments for Merger-related costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased $191 million, or 13%, for the three months ended and increased $250 million, or 8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The use of cash for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• $2.0 billion in Purchases of property and equipment, including capitalized interest, from the continued build-out of our nationwide 5G network;
• $390 million of cash consideration, net of cash acquired, related to the Ka’ena Acquisition; and
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• $156 million in Purchases of spectrum licenses and other intangible assets, including deposits ; partially offset by
• $958 million in Proceeds related to beneficial interests in securitization transactions.
The use of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• $4.7 billion in Purchases of property and equipment, including capitalized interest, from the continued build-out of our nationwide 5G network;
• $390 million of cash consideration, net of cash acquired, related to the Ka’ena Acquisition; and
• $217 million in Purchases of spectrum licenses and other intangible assets, including deposits ; partially offset by
• $1.8 billion in Proceeds related to beneficial interests in securitization transactions.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased $3.4 billion, or 427%, for the three months ended and increased $2.7 billion, or 90%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The use of cash for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• $2.7 billion in Repayments of long-term debt;
• $2.4 billion in Repurchases of common stock;
• $759 million in Dividends on common stock; and
• $351 million in Repayments of financing lease obligations; partially offset by
• $2.1 billion in Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt.
The use of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily from:
• $6.0 billion in Repurchases of common stock;
• $2.9 billion in Repayments of long-term debt;
• $1.5 billion in Dividends on common stock ;
• $678 million in Repayments of financing lease obligations; and
• $208 million in Tax withholdings on share-based awards; partially offset by
• $5.6 billion in Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of June 30, 2024, our Cash and cash equivalents were $6.4 billion compared to $5.1 billion at December 31, 2023.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
Adjusted Free Cash Flow represents Net cash provided by operating activities less cash payments for Purchases of property and equipment, plus Proceeds from sales of tower sites and Proceeds related to beneficial interests in securitization transactions. Adjusted Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure utilized by management, investors and analysts of our financial information to evaluate cash available to pay debt, repurchase shares, pay dividends and provide further investment in the business. Adjusted Free Cash Flow margin is calculated as Adjusted Free Cash Flow divided by Service Revenues. Adjusted Free Cash Flow margin is utilized by management, investors, and analysts to evaluate the Company’s ability to convert service revenue efficiently into cash available to pay debt, repurchase shares, pay dividends and provide further investment in the business.
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The table below provides a reconciliation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow to Net cash provided by operating activities, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure:
Three Months Ended
June 30, Change Six Months Ended
June 30, Change
(in millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ % 2024 2023 $ %
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 5,521 $ 4,355 $ 1,166 27 % $ 10,605 $ 8,406 $ 2,199 26 %
Cash purchases of property and equipment, including capitalized interest (2,040) (2,789) 749 (27) % (4,667) (5,790) 1,123 (19) %
Proceeds from sales of tower sites — 2 (2) (100) % — 8 (8) (100) %
Proceeds related to beneficial interests in securitization transactions 958 1,309 (351) (27) % 1,848 2,654 (806) (30) %
Adjusted Free Cash Flow $ 4,439 $ 2,877 $ 1,562 54 % $ 7,786 $ 5,278 $ 2,508 48 %
Net cash provided by operating activities margin (Net cash provided by operating activities divided by Service revenues) 34 % 28 % 600 bps 33 % 27 % 600 bps
Adjusted Free Cash Flow margin (Adjusted Free Cash Flow divided by Service revenues) 27 % 18 % 900 bps 24 % 17 % 700 bps
Adjusted Free Cash Flow increased $1.6 billion, or 54%, for the three months ended and increased $2.5 billion, or 48%, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily from:
• Higher Net cash provided by operating activities, as described above; and
• Lower Cash purchases of property and equipment, including capitalized interest, driven by increased capital efficiencies from accelerated investments in our nationwide 5G network in previous years; partially offset by
• Lower Proceeds related to beneficial interests in securitization transactions, which were offset in Net cash provided by operating activities.
• Adjusted Free Cash Flow includes the impact of $241 million and $728 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $534 million and $1.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in net payments for Merger-related costs.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no significant net cash proceeds from securitization.
Borrowing Capacity
We maintain a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with an aggregate commitment amount of $7.5 billion. As of June 30, 2024, there was no outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility.
We maintain an unsecured short-term commercial paper program with the ability to borrow up to $2.0 billion from time to time. This program supplements our other available external financing arrangements and proceeds are expected to be used for general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2024, there was no outstanding balance under this program.
Debt Financing
As of June 30, 2024, our total debt and financing lease liabilities were $80.0 billion, excluding our tower obligations, of which $71.7 billion was classified as long-term debt and $1.1 billion was classified as long-term financing lease liabilities.
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we issued long-term debt for net proceeds of $5.6 billion and repaid short-term debt with an aggregate principal amount of $2.9 billion.
For more information regarding our debt financing transactions, see Note 8 – Debt of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
License Purchase Agreements
On August 8, 2022, we entered into License Purchase Agreements to acquire spectrum in the 600 MHz band from Channel 51 License Co LLC and LB License Co, LLC in exchange for total cash consideration of $3.5 billion. On March 30, 2023, we and
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the Sellers entered into Amended and Restated License Purchase Agreements, pursuant to which we and the Sellers agreed to bifurcate the transaction into two tranches of licenses, with the closings on the acquisitions of certain licenses in Chicago, Dallas and New Orleans being deferred in order to potentially expedite the regulatory approval process for the remainder of the licenses. Subsequently, on August 25, 2023, we and the Sellers entered into Amendments No. 1 to the Amended and Restated License Purchase Agreements, whereby we deferred the closings of certain additional licenses in Chicago and Dallas into the second closing tranche. Together, the licenses with closings deferred into the second closing tranche represent approximately $1.1 billion of the aggregate $3.5 billion cash consideration.
The FCC approved the purchase of the first tranche on December 29, 2023. The first tranche closed on June 24, 2024, with the associated payment of $2.4 billion due on August 5, 2024. We anticipate that the second closing (on the deferred licenses) will occur in late 2024 or early 2025.
The parties have agreed that each of the closings will occur within 180 days after the receipt of the applicable required regulatory approvals, and payment of each portion of the aggregate $3.5 billion purchase price will occur no later than 40 days after the date of each respective closing.
On September 12, 2023, we entered into a License Purchase Agreement with Comcast pursuant to which we will acquire spectrum in the 600 MHz band from Comcast in exchange for total cash consideration of between $1.2 billion and $3.3 billion, subject to an application for FCC approval. The licenses are subject to an exclusive leasing arrangement between us and Comcast entered into contemporaneously with the License Purchase Agreement. We anticipate the closing will occur in the first half of 2028.
Acquisition of Ka’ena Corporation
On the Acquisition Date, we completed the Ka’ena Acquisition. The total purchase price is variable, dependent upon specified performance indicators of Ka’ena, and consists of an upfront payment on the Acquisition Date and an earnout payable on August 1, 2026. On the Acquisition Date and in satisfaction of the upfront payment, we transferred $420 million in cash and 3,264,952 shares of T-Mobile common stock valued at $536 million as determined based on its closing market price on April 30, 2024, for a total payment fair value of $956 million. A portion of the upfront payment made on the Acquisition Date was for the settlement of the preexisting wholesale relationship with Ka’ena.
Based on the amount paid upfront, up to an additional $403 million in future cash and T-Mobile common stock is payable in satisfaction of the earnout, dependent upon Ka’ena’s achievement of specified performance indicators.
For more information regarding the Ka’ena Acquisition, see Note 2 – Business Combinations of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Lumos Joint Venture
On April 24, 2024, we entered into a merger agreement with Fund VI for the joint acquisition by us and Fund VI of Lumos from EQT’s predecessor fund, EQT Infrastructure III. The Lumos joint acquisition is expected to close in late 2024 or early 2025, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. At closing, we expect to invest approximately $950 million in the joint venture to acquire a 50% equity interest and all existing Lumos fiber customers. The funds invested by us will be used to fund future fiber builds. In addition, pursuant to the merger agreement, we expect to make an additional capital contribution of approximately $500 million in 2027 or 2028.
For more information regarding the Lumos joint venture, see Note 3 – Joint Ventures of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
UScellular Wireless Operations
On May 24, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with UScellular pursuant to which, among other things, we will acquire substantially all of UScellular’s wireless operations and select spectrum assets for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $4.4 billion, payable in cash and the assumption of up to $2.0 billion of debt through an exchange offer to be made to certain UScellular debtholders prior to closing. To the extent any debtholders do not participate in the exchange, their bonds will continue as obligations of UScellular, and the cash portion of the purchase price will be correspondingly increased. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2025, subject to customary closing conditions and receipt of certain regulatory approvals.
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Following the closing of the transaction, UScellular will retain ownership of its other spectrum, as well as its towers. Subject to the closing of the transaction, we will enter into a 15-year master license agreement to lease space on at least 2,100 towers being retained. Additionally, we will extend our tenancy term on approximately 600 towers where we are already leasing space from UScellular for 15 years post-closing. We estimate the incremental future minimum lease payments associated with the master license agreement will be $1.4 billion over 15 years post-closing.
Metronet Joint Venture
Subsequent to June 30, 2024, on July 18, 2024, we entered into a definitive agreement with KKR to establish a joint venture to acquire Metronet. This arrangement is expected to close in 2025, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. At closing, we expect to invest approximately $4.9 billion in the joint venture to acquire a 50% equity interest and all existing residential fiber customers, as well as funding the joint venture. We do not anticipate making further capital contributions following the closing.
For more information regarding the Metronet joint venture, see Note 3 – Joint Ventures of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have arrangements, as amended from time to time, to sell certain EIP accounts receivable and service accounts receivable on a revolving basis as a source of liquidity. As of June 30, 2024, we derecognized net receivables of $2.3 billion upon sale through these arrangements.
For more information regarding these off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 5 – Sales of Certain Receivables of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity
We may seek additional sources of liquidity, including through the issuance of additional debt, to continue to opportunistically acquire spectrum licenses or other long-lived assets in private party transactions, repurchase shares, pay dividends or for the refinancing of existing long-term debt on an opportunistic basis. Excluding liquidity that could be needed for acquisitions of businesses, spectrum and other long-lived assets, or for any potential stockholder returns, we expect our principal sources of funding to be sufficient to meet our anticipated liquidity needs for business operations for the next 12 months, as well as our longer-term liquidity needs. Our intended use of any such funds is for general corporate purposes, including for capital expenditures, spectrum purchases, opportunistic investments and acquisitions, redemption of debt, tower obligations, share repurchases, and dividend payments.
We determine future liquidity requirements for operations, capital expenditures, share repurchases and dividend payments based in large part upon projected financial and operating performance, and opportunities to acquire additional spectrum or repurchase shares. We regularly review and update these projections for changes in current and projected financial and operating results, general economic conditions, the competitive landscape and other factors. We have incurred, and will incur, substantial expenses to comply with the Government Commitments, and we have incurred all of the remaining restructuring and integration costs associated with the Merger, with the cash expenditures for the Merger-related costs extending beyond 2024. There are a number of additional risks and uncertainties that could cause our financial and operating results and capital requirements to differ materially from our projections, which could cause future liquidity to differ materially from our assessment.
The indentures, supplemental indentures and credit agreements governing our long-term debt to affiliates and third parties, excluding financing leases, contain covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Issuers or borrowers and the Guarantor Subsidiaries to incur more debt, create liens or other encumbrances, and merge, consolidate or sell, or otherwise dispose of, substantially all of their assets. We were in compliance with all restrictive debt covenants as of June 30, 2024.
Financing Lease Facilities
We have uncommitted financing lease facilities with certain third parties that provide us with the ability to enter into financing leases for network equipment and services. As of June 30, 2024, we have entered into $9.3 billion of financing leases under these financing lease facilities, of which $309 million and $567 million was executed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. We expect to enter into up to a total of $1.2 billion in financing lease commitments during the year ending December 31, 2024.
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Capital Expenditures
Our liquidity requirements have been driven primarily by capital expenditures for spectrum licenses, the construction, expansion and upgrading of our network infrastructure and the integration of the networks, spectrum, technology, personnel and customer base of T-Mobile and Sprint. Property and equipment capital expenditures primarily relate to the integration of our network and spectrum licenses, including acquired Sprint PCS and 2.5 GHz spectrum licenses, as we build out our nationwide 5G network. We expect a reduction in capital expenditures related to these efforts in 2024 compared to 2023 given the substantial deployment of the 5G network completed in the preceding years. Future capital expenditure requirements will include the deployment of our recently acquired C-band and 3.45 GHz spectrum licenses.
For more information regarding our spectrum licenses, see Note 6 – Goodwill, Spectrum License Transactions and Other Intangible Assets of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Stockholder Returns
On September 6, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized our 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program for up to $19.0 billion that will run from October 1, 2023, through December 31, 2024. The 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program consists of repurchases of shares of our common stock and the payment of cash dividends. We intend to declare and pay approximately $3.0 billion in total dividends in 2024, with payments occurring each quarter during the year. The dividend amount paid per share is expected to grow by around 10% annually with the first increase expected in the fourth quarter of 2024; however, the declaration and payment of all dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on financial and legal requirements and other considerations. The amount available under the 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program for share repurchases will be reduced by the amount of any cash dividends declared and paid by us.
On January 24, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.65 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which was paid on March 14, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 1, 2024.
On March 15, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.65 per share on our issued and outstanding shares of common stock, which was paid on June 13, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 31, 2024.
On June 13, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.65 per share on our issued and outstanding common stock, which will be paid on September 12, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 30, 2024.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we paid an aggregate of $759 million and $1.5 billion, respectively, in cash dividends to our stockholders, which was presented within Net cash used in financing activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of June 30, 2024, $758 million for dividends payable is presented within Other current liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased 13,979,843 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $162.85 for a total purchase price of $2.3 billion, and during the six months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased 35,913,633 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $162.75 for a total purchase price of $5.8 billion, under the 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program. As of June 30, 2024, we had up to $8.7 billion remaining under the 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program for repurchases of shares and quarterly dividends through December 31, 2024. The next quarterly cash dividend will be paid on September 12, 2024.
For additional information regarding the 2023-2024 Stockholder Return Program, see Note 1 1 – Stockholder Return Program of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Related Party Transactions
We have related party transactions associated with DT, SoftBank or their respective affiliates in the ordinary course of business, including intercompany servicing and licensing.
As of July 26, 2024, DT and SoftBank held, directly or indirectly, approximately 50.4% and 7.3%, respectively, of the outstanding T-Mobile common stock, with the remaining approximately 42.3% of the outstanding T-Mobile common stock held by other stockholders. As a result of the Proxy, Lock-Up and ROFR Agreement, dated April 1, 2020, by and between DT and SoftBank, DT has voting control, as of July 26, 2024, over approximately 57.4% of the outstanding T-Mobile common stock.
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Disclosure of Iranian Activities under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and the Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 added Section 13(r) to the Exchange Act. Section 13(r) requires an issuer to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities involved in terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disclosure is required even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and whether or not the activities are sanctionable under U.S. law.
As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any activity, transaction or dealing by us or any of our affiliates for the three months ended June 30, 2024, that requires disclosure in this report under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, except as set forth below with respect to affiliates that we do not control and that are our affiliates solely due to their common control with either DT or SoftBank. We have relied upon DT and SoftBank for information regarding their respective activities, transactions and dealings.
DT, through certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries, is party to roaming and interconnect agreements with the following mobile and fixed line telecommunication providers in Iran, some of which are or may be government-controlled entities: Irancell Telecommunications Services Company, Telecommunication Kish Company, Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran, and Telecommunication Infrastructure Company of Iran. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2024, DT, through certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries, provided basic telecommunications services to five customers in Germany identified on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List maintained by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control: Bank Melli, Europäisch-Iranische Handelsbank, CPG Engineering & Commercial Services GmbH, Golgohar Trade and Technology GmbH and International Trade and Industrial Technology ITRITEC GmbH. These services have been terminated or are in the process of being terminated. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, gross revenues of all DT affiliates generated by roaming and interconnection traffic and telecommunications services with the Iranian parties identified herein were less than $0.1 million, and the estimated net profits were less than $0.1 million.
In addition, DT, through certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate a fixed-line network in their respective European home countries (in particular, Germany), provides telecommunications services in the ordinary course of business to the Embassy of Iran in those European countries. Gross revenues and net profits recorded from these activities for the three months ended June 30, 2024, were less than $0.1 million. We understand that DT intends to continue these activities.
Separately, SoftBank, through one of its non-U.S. subsidiaries, provides roaming services in Iran through Irancell Telecommunications Services Company. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, SoftBank had no gross revenues from such services, and no net profit was generated. We understand that the SoftBank subsidiary intends to continue such services. This subsidiary also provides telecommunications services in the ordinary course of business to accounts affiliated with the Embassy of Iran in Japan. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, SoftBank estimates that gross revenues and net profit generated by such services were both under $0.1 million. We understand that the SoftBank subsidiary is obligated under contract and intends to continue such services.
In addition, SoftBank, through one of its non-U.S. indirect subsidiaries, provides office supplies to the Embassy of Iran in Japan. SoftBank estimates that gross revenues and net profit generated by such services during the three months ended June 30, 2024, were both under $0.1 million. We understand that the SoftBank subsidiary intends to continue such activities.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates as previously disclosed in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
For information regarding recently issued accounting standards, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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