TMC the metals Co Inc. 10-K

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, solely due to the material weakness described below that we are in the process of remediating, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022. Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting In 2021, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the preparation of DeepGreen’s financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and three months ended March 31, 2021 that were included in the proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on August 13, 2021, as well as the financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2021 that were included in our Current Report on Form 8-K, as amended, filed with the SEC on September 15, 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021 which related to deficiencies in the design and operation of the financial statement close and reporting controls, including maintaining sufficient written policies and procedures and the need to use appropriate technical expertise when accounting for complex or non-routine transactions. In the process of preparing the Company’s third quarter 2021 financial statements, management discovered misstatements related to the understatement of exploration expense and overstatement of stock option expenses related to the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 and six-month period ended June 30, 2021. For further detail regarding the restatement, see Part II, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Restatement of Previously Issued Quarterly Financial Statements” and Part II, Item 4 “Controls and Procedures” included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 15, 2021. These misstatements resulted in the Company having to restate its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and six months ended June 30, 2021. Our management has concluded that this material weakness was due to the fact that, prior to the Business Combination, we were a private company with limited resources. 149 Table of Contents Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weakness In addition, as previously disclosed in Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on May 24, 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting related to inaccurate accounting for the Public Warrants and Private Warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering. Management identified this error when the staff of the SEC issued a Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) dated April 12, 2021 (the “SEC Staff Statement”). The SEC Staff Statement addresses certain accounting and reporting considerations related to warrants of a kind similar to those we issued in connection with our initial public offering in May 2020. This control deficiency resulted in the Company having to restate its audited consolidated financial statements contained in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. As part of the Company’s review of its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting discussed in this Item 9A, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, this material weakness was remediated through the Company by hiring qualified, technical accounting personnel and using outside technical experts for complicated accounting issues and the review of this measure for a sufficient period of time to assess effectiveness of these measures. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: ● pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; ● provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and ● provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal controls over financial reporting, including changes thereto as a result of the material weaknesses discussed above, newly implemented policies and procedures over key functional areas had not been in operation long enough over the 2022 year to be deemed effective. The Company presented its plan for remediation of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that existed as of the end of 2021 in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022 and has updated its progress in implementing such plan in its subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first three quarters of 2022. Management has implemented the identified remediation steps over the course of 2022, however these changes can only be deemed effective once they have been in place over a longer time. More specifically, the following action items were implemented by the end of 2022: ● appointed a Chief Financial Officer to oversee the finance and accounting function; ● hired individuals for the core accounting function with the requisite education, designation, and technical accounting and public company experience; ● completed the transition from our outsourced accounting service provider to our in-house finance and accounting function; 150 Table of Contents ● hired external experts to work with our internal team to assist with the design and implementation of robust controls over all our key processes and address all key company risks: the external experts completed their evaluation of our key controls as of end of 2022 and provided their report to management with recommendations for improvements; and ● added formality and rigor to our financial reporting process by continuously developing structured roles, policies, processes, procedures and controls. Management has concluded that our audited financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP for each of the periods presented therein. We will continue to review the effectiveness of our newly implemented controls and make improvements as warranted. This is no assurance that these control modifications will ultimately have the intended effects. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Other than the changes made to remediate the material weaknesses described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal controls that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Limitations on the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues within a company are detected. The inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION On March 22, 2023, we entered into a Credit Facility with Argentum Credit Virtuti GCV, the parent of Allseas Investments S.A. and an affiliate of Allseas, pursuant to which, we may borrow from the Lender up to $25,000,000 in the aggregate, from time to time, subject to certain conditions. All amounts drawn under the Credit Facility will bear interest at the 6-month Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR), 180-day average plus 4.0% per annum payable in cash semi-annually (or plus 5% if paid-in-kind at maturity, at our election) on the first business day of each of June and January. We will pay an underutilization fee equal to 4.0% per annum payable semi-annually for any amounts that remain undrawn under the Credit Facility. We have the right to pre-pay the entire amount outstanding under the Credit Facility at any time, before the Credit Facility’s maturity of May 21, 2024. The Credit Facility also contains customary events of default. The foregoing descriptions of the Credit Facility does not purport to be a complete description of the rights and obligations of the parties thereunder and are qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Credit Facility attached as Exhibit 10.31 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference. Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS None. 151 Table of Contents PART III ​ Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Board of Directors and Management The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers and directors: Name Age Position Executive Officers: Gerard Barron 56 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors Anthony O’Sullivan 56 Chief Development Officer Erika Ilves 45 Chief Strategy Officer Craig Shesky 38 Chief Financial Officer Dr. Gregory Stone 65 Chief Ocean Scientist ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Non-Employee Directors: Christian Madsbjerg 48 Director Andrew Hall 59 Director Andrew Greig 66 Director Sheila Khama 65 Director Andrei Karkar 44 Director Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua 62 Director Kathleen McAllister ​ 58 ​ Director ​ Executive Officers Gerard Barron has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination. Mr. Barron became involved in the early strategic development and financing of DeepGreen during its formation in 2011 and stepped into the role of DeepGreen’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 2018. From July 2013 until becoming Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 2017, Mr. Barron served as a strategic advisor to the DeepGreen Board and its shareholders. Mr. Barron is a seasoned entrepreneur with a track record of building global companies in battery technology, media and future-oriented resource development both as a chief executive officer and strategic investor. In 2001, Mr. Barron founded Adstream, a global advertising technology and services provider, and served as the company’s Chief Executive Officer until December 2013. During that time, Adstream grew from a single office in Sydney to over 40 offices in 30 countries around the world and over $100 million in global revenue per year. Mr. Barron has also been a first money investor in industry-leading companies including Nautilus and Sirtex Medical. Mr. Barron’s qualifications to serve as Chief Executive Officer and on the board of directors include his extensive leadership and investment experience in the technology and resource development industries. 152 Table of Contents Anthony O’Sullivan has served as our Chief Development Officer since the Closing of the Business Combination and has served as DeepGreen’s Chief Development Officer since July 25, 2017. On October 14, 2022, Mr. O’Sullivan notified us that he was resigning as our Chief Development Officer, though he will remain in the position through a twelve-month transition period. Mr. O’Sullivan has over 30 years mining experience with a track record of delivering innovative solutions across multiple continents both in the terrestrial and marine environments. Since January 2020, Mr. O’Sullivan is serving as a non-executive director for SensOre Ltd., a company that performs mineral targeting and was listed on the ASX on February 11, 2022. From February 2017 to December 2019, Mr. O’Sullivan served as the Chief Executive Officer of Sasak Minerals Pty Ltd., a company focused on deploying machine learning and mineral exploration. Since February 2017, Mr. O’Sullivan served as the Principal and Owner of International Resources, a firm focused on creating value through the discovery and development of mineral resources. From November 2014 until January 2017, he served as Vice President Exploration for Quantum Pacific Exploration, where he engaged in planning, development, and management of the exploration company, including developing corporate strategies, overseeing exploration activities, evaluating existing and potential new assets, establishing an exploration team and identifying a suite of new opportunities. In December 2005, Mr. O’Sullivan began serving as Chief Operating Officer of Nautilus, a position he held until December 2012. While serving as Chief Operating Officer of Nautilus, Mr. O’Sullivan led exploration, engineering and design, project development, permitting and product marketing culminating in the declaration of 43-101 compliant resources, grant of the environmental permit and mining lease from the Government of Papua New Guinea, ore sales agreement with one of China’s leading copper producers, Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group, and the completion of project design and commencement of project construction. Mr. O’Sullivan was previously part of the BHP Billiton Global Exploration Leader Team with responsibility for the company’s iron ore, bauxite, coal and non-porphyry base metal exploration portfolios. Mr. O’Sullivan is the named co-inventor on five subsea mining patents. Mr. O’Sullivan earned a M.Sc. in Mineral Exploration from the University of Western Australia and a B.Sc. (Hons) in Geology from the University of Western Australia. Erika Ilves has served as our Chief Strategy Officer since the Closing of the Business Combination and has served as DeepGreen’s Head of Strategy and Business Development since September 2018. During her time at DeepGreen, Erika has focused on developing alliances with offshore partners, resource companies and EV supply chain, overseeing DeepGreen lifecycle impact studies as well as developing a transparent provenance strategy to enable DeepGreen to establish clean metals as a new purchasing category. From November 2015 until December 2018, Ms. Ilves served as a director and Head of Machine Learning for OffWorld, Inc., an industrial robotics company that she co-founded, where she led a team of machine learning engineers to develop teachable mining robots. From November 2013 until November 2016, Ms. Ilves also served as Chief Strategy Officer for Shackleton Energy, a company she co-founded, where she developed an international public-private consortium to create technologies to extract water ice from the moon in order to fuel deep space missions from low Earth orbit, drastically reducing the costs of such missions. Ms. Ilves’ 15 years of strategy consulting experience started with McKinsey & Company, where she served global and emerging markets financial institutions on strategy, performance and operational transformations; and later founded the Executive Office which advised governments and investors of the Gulf Cooperation Council on transitioning to a green economy. From 2006 to 2007, Ms. Ilves served as Chief Organization Officer of TANDBERG, an OSE-listed videoconferencing technology firm acquired by Cisco Systems Inc. in 2010, where she was responsible for developing leadership and sales capability for the firm’s global sales force and partner network of over 3,000 people. In 1999, Ms. Ilves attended Emory Law School as a research scholarship recipient. Ms. Ilves earned a LL.M. from the Central European University and a LL.B.magna cum laude from the University of Tartu. Craig Shesky has served as our Chief Financial Officer since the Closing of the Business Combination and has served as DeepGreen’s Head of Financial Markets and Investor Relations since February 2021. Mr. Shesky has over 15 years combined experience in public investing, metals research and investment banking in New York. From August 2008 until July 2020, Mr. Shesky was employed by King Street Capital Management, most recently as senior analyst in charge of recommending investments in the global metals and mining space. Mr. Shesky has analyzed electrification trends, battery chemistries and the resulting impacts on supply and demand for critical base metals, with particular expertise in nickel and copper. He also has significant experience navigating complex, legal-driven investments around the world, as King Street was one of the largest creditors in over a dozen global Lehman Brothers entities. From July 2006 to July 2008, Mr. Shesky served as an analyst on the insurance and asset management investment banking team at Morgan Stanley. Mr. Shesky graduated magna cum laude with a B.S. in Finance from the University of Notre Dame. 153 Table of Contents Gregory Stone, Ph.D. has served as our Chief Ocean Officer since the Closing of the Business Combination and has served as a Director and Chief Ocean Officer of DeepGreen since February 2018. In January 2020, Dr. Stone founded Pole-to-Pole, a non-profit organization with a mission to apply practical solutions to the problems facing Earth’s ocean, and has been serving as the organization’s Chairman since that time. Dr. Stone is an ocean scientist and explorer with over 10,000 dives throughout Earth’s oceans down to 18,000 feet using submarines, SCUBA, underwater habitats and robotics. Dr. Stone is also widely known as a global thought leader who finds ways for humanity and the ocean to co-exist and support each other in the modern world. Dr. Stone was a catalyst at the genesis of the Ocean Health Index, a scientific framework used to measure oceans’ health, and specializes in sustainable fishing, aquaculture, climate adaptation and seamount ecology. Dr. Stone’s ability to communicate complex science is illustrated by his compelling TED and World Economic Forum talks, and his appearances in documentaries for the Discovery Channel and National Geographic. Dr. Stone has authored hundreds of publications including articles for Nature , National Geographic , and four books, one of which is a National Outdoor Book Award winner. Dr. Stone’s numerous accolades and professional associations include the Explorers Club, Pew Fellowship for Marine Conservation, National Geographic Hero, the Boston Sea Rover’s Diver of the year, Order of Kiribati Medal, the U.S. National Science Foundation/Navy Antarctic Service medal, and a NOGI Award from National Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences. Dr. Stone is also a Senior Science Advisor to the Special Envoy for Ocean and the World Economic Forum Ocean Program. From September 2008 to February 2018, Dr. Stone served as Chief Scientist for Conservation International and head of the Global Ocean Program. Dr. Stone earned a Ph.D. in Marine Science from the University of the South Pacific, a M.Sc. in Marine Policy from the University of Rhode Island and a B.A. in Human Ecology and Marine Biology from the College of the Atlantic. Non-Employee Directors Andrew Hall has served on our board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021. Mr. Hall is an internationally experienced executive and non-executive in the renewable energy technologies and services sector. Since July 2018, Mr. Hall has served as Managing Director of Saxjo Limited, a renewable energy consultancy company. Previously, Mr. Hall was Group Chief Financial Officer at Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy SA, one of the largest companies in the wind and renewables industry, from April 2017 to November 2017. From October 2015 to March 2017, Mr. Hall served as Group Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director at Siemens Wind Power GmbH & Co KG, a wind turbine original equipment manufacturer. Prior to that, Mr. Hall held a number of senior positions in other divisions of Siemens AG, including Chief Financial Officer and Board Member at Siemens Holdings plc & Cluster North West Europe in London from 2012 to 2015 and Chief Financial Officer and Board Member at Siemens Ltd & Cluster Africa in Johannesburg from 2008 to 2012. Mr. Hall currently serves on the board of a portfolio of venture capital, private equity and family office-backed companies in the renewable energy sector. Since September 2019, Mr. Hall has been Executive Chair of Windlogix Limited, a company providing wind turbine erection services. Since October 2018, Mr. Hall has been a non-executive director of Time to Act Limited, which specializes in metal coatings for the gas turbine and hydrogen industries. Additionally, Mr. Hall has served as Chair of New Motion Labs Limited, which licenses technology for the manufacture of mechanical drives, since June 2019, and as Senior Independent Director of Hero Future Energies Global Limited, a global renewable energy developer, since February 2019. Mr. Hall is an Investor Director at Arctic Green Energy Corporation, Singapore since 2022. Arctic Green Energy is a leading global geothermal energy company. Previously, Mr. Hall served as a board member of A2Sea AS from 2015 to 2017, Voith Hydro GmbH & Co KG from 2015 to 2017 and Mimica Labs from 2014 to 2017. Mr. Hall earned a M.Sc. & B.Sc. from the University of Cape Town and an M.B.A. from the London Business School. Mr. Hall’s qualifications to serve on the board of directors include his extensive international experience leading large, capital-intensive businesses in the renewable energy sector. Christian Madsbjerg has served on our board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021. Christian currently serves as the Chair of the Nomination and Governance Committee. Since 2019, Mr. Madsbjerg has served on the board of directors of Fritz Hansen A/S Copenhagen. Since August 2018, Mr. Madsbjerg has served as Professor of Applied Humanities at The New School for Social Research. Since January 2009, Mr. Madsbjerg has served as a director and senior partner of the consulting firm, ReD Associates, which he co-founded in August 2007. Mr. Madsbjerg is also a writer whose work has been featured in publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, The Washington Post, Der Spiegel , and Bloomberg Businessweek . His latest book, Sensemaking: The Power of the Humanities in the Age of the Algorithm , was published in the spring of 2017 by Hachette Book Group. His book The Moment of Clarity , co-written with ReD partner Mikkel B. Rasmussen, was published by Harvard Business Press in the fall of 2014. He studied philosophy and political science in Copenhagen and London and has a Masters from the University of London. Mr. Madsbjerg’s qualifications to serve on the board of directors include his expertise in advising senior executives, including the practical application of the human sciences in business. 154 Table of Contents Sheila Khama has served on our board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021. Ms. Khama is a consultant, policy advisor and former mining industry executive with expertise in corporate governance and sustainable development of minerals, oil and gas resources. Sheila currently serves as the Chair of the Sustainability and Innovation Committee. Since April 2019, Ms. Khama has been an independent consultant on oil and gas governance and policy reforms for SK Consulting Pty, Ltd. From November 2016 to March 2019, Ms. Khama served as Practice Manager and Coordinator of Donor Relations and Partnerships at The World Bank, where she led an international team of mineral, oil and gas specialists in implementing support programs ranging from policy reforms, technical assistance, research and knowledge dissemination for various countries. From November 2013 to November 2016, Ms. Khama served as Director African Natural Resources Center at the African Development Bank in Tunisia, where she led a support program for African governments to improve development outcomes from renewable and non-renewable resources. From 2010 to 2013, Ms. Khama served as Director of the Extractives Advisory Program at the African Center for Economic Transformation, a pan-African think tank based in Ghana. Ms. Khama also previously held a number of senior roles in the private sector, including Chief Executive Officer of De Beers Botswana from 2005 to 2010, Head of Marketing and Communication at the First National Bank of Botswana Ltd from 2002 to 2005, and Group Secretary of the Anglo-American Corporation Botswana from 1994 to 2002. Ms. Khama also currently serves as a Non-Executive Director for Tullow Oil plc, a position she has held since June 2019. Ms. Khama received an M.B.A. in General Management from Edinburgh University and a B.A. from the University of Botswana. Ms. Khama’s qualifications to serve on the board of directors include her extensive experience as a corporate strategist and her deep understanding of regulatory frameworks in the minerals, oil and gas industry. Andrei Karkar has served on our board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021 and served as a director of DeepGreen since March 2019. Andrei currently serves as the Chair of the Compensation Committee. Since 2006, Mr. Karkar has served as Chief Executive Officer of ERAS Holdings, The Karkar Family Office, with its origins in Karkar Electronics founded in 1959 by Edward Karkar. ERAS Holdings engages in a broad range of investment activities and invests in a wide variety of asset classes. Since July 2019, Mr. Karkar has served as a member of the board of directors of CognitionX, a private company based in the United Kingdom, and is a board member of Shepherd OÜ based in Estonia Mr. Karkar received a B.A. from Georgetown University. Mr. Karkar’s qualifications to serve on the board of directors include his experience as an advisor and investor in public and private companies. Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua has served on our board of directors since the closing of the Business Combination in September 2021. Ms. Siamomua has over 35 years of experience as a development economist and an international civil servant with a strong focus on gender equality and sustainability issues. Since March 2021, Ms. Siamomua has been an independent consultant on gender and social inclusion for the Government of Nauru. From June 2015 until February 2021, Ms. Siamomua served as Head of Gender, Economic, Youth & Sustainable Development Directorate of the Commonwealth Secretariat based in London, United Kingdom, where she represented the Secretary General at the United Nations (“UN”) High-level Group on Women’s Access to Justice and the UN Commission on the Status of Women. Between 2012 and 2014, Ms. Siamomua held a position as Inter-Regional Advisor (Small Island Developing States) within the Division for Sustainable Development at the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, where she analyzed best practices on sustainable development and provided policy advice to governments and relevant stakeholders in developing countries. Prior to that, Ms. Siamomua served as senior advisor in Papua New Guinea from 2010-2012 and as project coordinator in Fiji from 2008-2009 as part of the UN Development Programme. Ms. Siamomua has earned a B.A. in Economics and Politics and an M.B.A. from the University of the South Pacific. Ms. Siamomua’s qualifications to serve on the board of directors include her sustainable development expertise and her extensive knowledge of economic and social policies of developing countries. Kathleen McAllister has served on the board of directors since February 9, 2022, and currently serves as the Chair of the Audit Committee. Ms. McAllister is a Certified Professional Accountant (CPA) and former President and CEO and CFO of Transocean Partners LLC. Ms. McAllister brings a broad strategic perspective to the complex challenges of operating cyclical businesses and raising capital and corporate governance in the global marketplace. She currently serves as an independent director for Black Hills Corporation, SilverBow Resources and Hoegh LNG Partners LP. She serves on the Audit Committees of Black Hills Corporation and SilverBow Resources, and Hoegh LNG Partners and the Hoegh LNG Conflicts Committee. Previously, Ms. McAllister served on the board of Maersk Drilling and chaired the Audit and Risk Committee. As a former CEO, CFO and treasurer of publicly traded companies, Ms. McAllister’s broad business perspective, financial acumen and experience in capital raising and capital allocation contributes to the Board’s oversight of strategy and risk. Her experience serving as a corporate director and audit and risk committee chair on other public companies provides a valuable perspective on the Board’s role in management oversight and corporate governance. 155 Table of Contents Andrew C Greig has served on the board of directors since October 3, 2022, and is currently the board’s Lead Independent Director. Mr. Greig is the founder of ACAC Innovation and its Senior Director and previously worked for Bechtel Group for 34 years, leading its global mining business for 13 years. In addition, Mr. Greig was managing director for its Australian operations and was group Human Resources Manager. Mr. Greig was also Senior Vice President and Director of Bechtel Group, Inc. From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Greig served as President of Bechtel’s Mining & Metals global business unit, prior to becoming Project Director for the Brass LNG Project in Nigeria. As President of Mining & Metals, Mr. Greig was responsible for strategy, planning, execution and project delivery for the global business unit which peaked at 55,000 personnel across 14 countries and over $5 billion in annual revenue. Mr. Greig was elected as Principal Vice President in 1997 and as Senior Vice President in 2001. He was a member of Bechtel Group’s Board of Directors from 2011 until leaving Bechtel. Mr. Greig’s qualifications to be on the board include his long career in project development, overseeing major capital projects, his role leading the global HR team at Bechtel and his long tenure on Bechtel’s Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between or among any of our directors or executive officers. Role of Board in Risk Oversight The board of directors have extensive involvement in the oversight of risk management related to the Company and its business and will accomplish this oversight through the regular reporting to the board of directors by the audit committee. The audit committee will represent the board of directors by periodically reviewing the Company’s accounting, reporting and financial practices, including the integrity of its financial statements, the surveillance of administrative and financial controls and its compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Through its regular meetings with management, including the finance, legal, internal audit and information technology functions, the audit committee will review and discuss all significant areas of our business and summarize for the board of directors all areas of risk (including cybersecurity) and the appropriate mitigating factors. In addition, the board of directors will receive periodic detailed operating performance reviews from management. Composition of the Board of Directors Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors is declassified, and the directors will be elected annually. Independence of the Board of Directors Nasdaq rules generally require that independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, the board of directors has determined that Andrew Hall, Andrew Greig, Sheila Khama, Christian Madsbjerg, Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua, Andrei Karkar and Kathleen McAllister, representing seven (7) of the Company’s eight (8) directors, are “independent” as that term is defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements and rules of the Nasdaq. Andrew Greig serves as the Lead Independent Director of the board of directors. Board Committees The standing committees of the board of directors consist of an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and the sustainability and innovation committee. The board of directors may from time to time establish other committees. Our chief executive officer and other executive officers will regularly report to the non-executive directors and the audit, the compensation and the nominating and corporate governance committees to ensure effective and efficient oversight of our activities and to assist in proper risk management and the ongoing evaluation of management controls. We believe that the leadership structure of the board of directors will provide appropriate risk oversight of our activities. Audit Committee Our audit committee consists of Kathleen McAllister, who serves as the chairperson, Andrew Hall and Sheila Khama. Each member of the audit committee qualifies as an independent director under the Nasdaq Listing Rules and the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. 156 Table of Contents The board of directors has determined that Ms. McAllister and Mr. Hall qualify as “audit committee financial experts”, as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K and possesses financial sophistication, as defined under the rules of Nasdaq. The purpose of the audit committee is to prepare the audit committee report required by the SEC to be included in our proxy statement and to assist the board of directors in overseeing and monitoring (1) the quality and integrity of the financial statements, (2) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, (4) the performance of our internal audit function and (5) the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm. The board of directors has adopted a written charter for the audit committee, which is available on the Company’s website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. Compensation Committee Our compensation committee consists of Andrei Karkar, who serves as the chairperson and Mr. Greig. The purpose of the compensation committee is to assist the board of directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to (1) setting our compensation program and compensation of its executive officers and directors, (2) monitoring our incentive and equity-based compensation plans and (3) preparing the compensation committee report required to be included in our proxy statement under the rules and regulations of the SEC. The board of directors has adopted a written charter for the compensation committee, which is available on the Company’s website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Christian Madsbjerg, who serves as the chairperson, Ms. Khama and Mr. Karkar. The purpose of the nominating and corporate governance committee is to assist the board of directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to (1) identifying individuals qualified to become new board of directors members, consistent with the criteria approved by the board of directors, (2) reviewing the qualifications of incumbent directors to determine whether to recommend them for re-election and selecting, or recommending that the board of directors select, the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders, (3) identifying members of the board of directors qualified to fill vacancies on any committee of the board of directors and recommending that the board of directors appoint the identified member or members to the applicable committee, (4) reviewing and recommending to the board of directors corporate governance principles applicable to the Company, (5) overseeing the evaluation of the board of directors and management and (6) handling such other matters that are specifically delegated to the committee by the board of directors from time to time. The board of directors have adopted a written charter for the nominating and corporate governance committee, which is available on the Company’s website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. Sustainability and Innovation Committee Our sustainability and innovation committee consists of Sheila Khama, who serves as the chairperson, Christian Madsbjerg and Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua. The purpose of the sustainability and innovation committee is to assist the board of directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to oversight of our policies, programs, performance and related risks and opportunities that concern key sustainability and innovation matters, including issues of significance to us and our stakeholders that may affect its business, strategy, operations, performance, or reputation. The board of directors have adopted a written charter for the sustainability and innovation committee, which is available on the Company’s website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. 157 Table of Contents Code of Business Conduct and Ethics We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, which is available on our website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. Our code of business conduct is a “code of ethics,” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver, unless website posting or the issuance of a press release of such amendment or waiver is then permitted by Nasdaq rules. Corporate Governance Guidelines Our board of directors has adopted corporate governance guidelines in accordance with the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq that serve as a flexible framework within which our board of directors and its committees operate. These guidelines cover a number of areas including board membership criteria and director qualifications, director responsibilities, board agenda, meetings of non-management directors, committee responsibilities and assignments, board member access to management and independent advisors, director communications with third parties, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, evaluation of our chief executive officer management succession planning. A copy of our corporate governance guidelines is posted on our website at www.metals.co under Investors — Governance — Governance Documents. Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports Pursuant to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, executive officers, directors, and holders of more than 10% of our common shares are required to file reports of their transactions our equity securities with the SEC. Based solely on a review of the copies of such reports received by us, or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all filings required to be made by its reporting persons complied with all applicable Section 16 filing requirements during the year ended December 31, 2022, with the exception of (a) a Form 4 filed on behalf of each of our then serving executive officers on February 22, 2022 for transactions that occurred on February 9, 2022, (b) a Form 4 filed on behalf of each of our then serving non-employee directors on July 18, 2022 for transactions that occurred on June 1, 2022, which the Form 4 filed on behalf of Andrei Karkar and ERAS Capital LLC was later amended on August 16, 2022, (c) a Form 4 filed on behalf of non-employee director Andrew Greig on October 12, 2022 for a transaction that occurred on September 30, 2022 and (d) a Form 4 filed on behalf of executive officer Craig Shesky on December 8, 2022 for a transaction that occurred on November 30, 2022. ​ Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Introduction This section provides an overview of our executive compensation programs, including a narrative description of the material factors necessary to understand the information disclosed in the summary compensation table below. The number of securities and exercise prices, as applicable, described in this section have been adjusted based on the exchange ratio calculated pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement to reflect the number of securities and exercise prices following the Business Combination. We are currently considered a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for purposes of the SEC’s executive compensation disclosure rules. Accordingly, we are required to provide a Summary Compensation Table and an Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End Table, as well as limited disclosures regarding executive compensation for our last two completed fiscal years. Further, our reporting obligations extend only to the following “Named Executive Officers” or “NEOs,” which are the individuals who served as principal executive officer and the next two most highly compensated executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, our NEOs were: ● Gerard Barron, Chief Executive Officer; ● Anthony O’Sullivan, Chief Development Officer; and 158 Table of Contents ● Craig Shesky, Chief Financial Officer Our current executive compensation plan has been in place since September 9, 2021 and is the ongoing compensation program post-Business Combination. Our current executive compensation plan includes base salaries, Short-Term Incentive Program (paid in restricted share units for 2022), and a Long-Term Incentive Program (granted in the form of restricted share units grants for 2022). In 2022, our executive compensation program was designed to provide our named executive officers with meaningful incentives and rewards, while effectively balancing the short-term and long-term interests of our shareholders with our ability to attract and retain talented executives. The compensation committee of our board has the primary responsibility for establishing our executive compensation philosophy and determining the specific components and levels of each named executive officers’ compensation. Our executive compensation program is based on four guiding principles. We have created a compensation program that combines short-term and long-term components, cash, equity, fixed and performance-based contingent payments, in the proportions that we believe achieve these four guiding principles: ● enhance shareholder value by aligning the financial interests of our named executive officers with those of our shareholders; ● enable us to attract, motivate and retain the people needed to define and lead our industry; ● integrate compensation closely with the achievement of our business and performance objectives; and ● reward the individual performance that contributes to our short-term and long-term success. The Compensation Committee utilized and relied significantly on a competitive market analysis when determining the size, components and mix of our named executive officers’ compensation packages. Our Named Executive Officers’ target annual compensation consists of three principal components: (a) base salary, (b) an annual performance Short-Term Incentive Plan (“STIP”) and (c) long-term equity incentive compensation under our Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”). The base salary component is primarily designed to provide a predictable level of financial stability. The STIP is designed to reward the achievement of annual goals that are aligned with our strategic plan. The base salary and STIP are referred to as the cash component of the compensation plan. The LTIP is the equity compensation component and is primarily designed to incentivize and retain our executives over a multi-year period and to reward the achievement of our long-term financial and strategic objectives. Elements of Compensation Our executive compensation program consists of three principal components: base salary, STIP (together with base salary, “total cash compensation”), and the LTIP. The LTIP consists primarily of restricted share units (“RSUs”), and prior to the Business Combination, stock options, that each vest over time based on continued employment and, in some cases, the achievement of performance and market goals. ​ 159 Table of Contents Key Components of Our 2022 Compensation Plans ​ Compensation Element Primary Purpose Performance Period Details Cash Compensation Base Salary Reward for ongoing work performed, executive tenure and role Ongoing Provided in cash each pay period. Short Term Incentive Plan (STIP) Reinforce and drive short-term priorities and business results 1 year Target award based on a percentage of salary. Recognize and reward corporate and individual performance Awards may be earned from 0% to 100% of target based on achievement of pre-determined corporate short-term objectives that are aligned with our strategic plan as well as individual performance. Awards are paid in cash upon the completion of the fiscal year; however, for 2022, STIP awards were paid in immediately-vested RSUs to conserve operating cash. Equity Compensation Long-term incentives (LTIP) Reinforce and drive long-term shareholder value Retain executives over a multi-year period Incentivize the achievement by management of multi-year performance goals 3 or 4 years Grants post-Business Combination were in the form of RSUs that generally vest one-third per year over three years or in fourths over four years. ​ Equity Compensation We use long-term equity-based compensation to incentivize and retain our executive officers by linking their awards to the achievement of our long-term strategic goals. We typically award long-term equity-based compensation with restricted share units that vest over time so long as the executive remains employed with the Company. The Compensation Committee determines the size of equity award grants after considering the following factors: ● the competitive equity compensation practices for comparable positions identified in the applicable market analysis; ● the executive ’ s level of responsibility and duties; ● a comparison to grant levels of other executive officers; ● individual named executive officers ’ performance; ● our corporate performance; ● our total equity compensation costs relative to total expenses; 160 Table of Contents The Compensation Committee does not take into consideration an executive’s aggregate equity holdings or equity carrying value in determining annual long-term equity incentive awards. In 2022, our Compensation Committee approved the grant of equity awards to our Named Executive Officers. They considered, to the extent applicable, our corporate performance and individual contributions in 2022 as well as in prior years. The Compensation Committee determined the value of each equity award as time-based RSUs that vest one-third per year over three years based on the potential equity compensation expense and the target award size, as well as the retention and incentive aspects of the award. The total value was also informed by the competitive analysis conducted by FW Cook, an independent compensation consulting firm engaged by our Compensation Committee to provide competitive market data as well as advice on pay levels and compensation program structure. The stock awards disclosed in the summary compensation table below represent the RSUs approved by our Compensation Committee, which were issued and valued on November 22, 2021, using a share price of $3.20. Option awards disclosed in the summary compensation table below were granted by the DeepGreen board on March 4, 2021 and were valued on that date using a Black-Scholes valuation model, which ascribed a fair value between $5.42 and $5.59 per option. No stock awards were issued to our NEOs in 2022. Summary Compensation Table The following table shows information concerning the annual compensation for services provided to us by our NEOs for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Stock ​ Option ​ All Other ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Salary ​ Bonus ​ Awards ​ Awards ​ Compensation ​ Total Name and Principal Position Year ($) ($) (1) ($) (2) ($) (3) ($) (4) ($) Gerard Barron, ​ 2022 ​ 565,000 ​ 317,813 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 882,813 Chief Executive Officer ​ 2021 ​ 565,000 ​ 296,625 ​ 2,500,000 ​ 10,833,401 ​ — ​ 14,195,026 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Anthony O’Sullivan, 2022 475,000 178,125 — — 8,251 661,376 Chief Development Officer 2021 475,000 166,250 1,000,000 4,539,262 12,838 6,193,350 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Craig Shesky 2022 350,000 186,250 — — 32,339 605,256 Chief Financial Officer 2021 234,896 82,214 750,000 2,328,589 23,490 3,419,188 (1) For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company awarded an annual STIP bonus at 75% of target. The executives received their entire 2022 STIP bonus in the form of immediately vested RSUs. The number of RSUs granted was 369,549 units for Gerard Barron, 234,738 units for Anthony O’Sullivan, and 228,924 units for Craig Shesky. The RSUs will be granted on March 29, 2023 and the number of RSUs to be issued to each executive will be based on the closing price of our common shares on the approval date of $0.86. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company awarded an annual STIP bonus at 70% of target. The executives received their entire 2021 STIP bonus in the form of immediately vested RSUs. The number of RSUs granted was 180,869 units for Gerard Barron, 101,372 units for Anthony O’Sullivan, and 50,130 units for Craig Shesky. The RSUs were granted on February 2, 2022 and the number of RSUs received by each executive was based on the closing price of our common shares on the grant date of $1.64. (2) Stock awards consists of RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2021. The grant date fair value is computed based on the closing market price on the date of grant in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). There were no stock awards granted in 2022. (3) The amounts shown in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the time-based stock option awards and performance-based stock option awards granted by DeepGreen prior to the Business Combination, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Under SEC rules, these performance-based option awards are valued based on the probable outcome of the performance conditions associated with these awards, which a portion was determined to be not probable at grant. As a result, the amount determined to be not probable at grant in respect to the performance-based stock options granted in 2021 has been excluded in the table above. The grant date fair value of these performance-based stock option awards, assuming the performance conditions are achieved in full, is $12,618,997 for Gerard Barron, $5,608,440 for Anthony O’Sullivan, and $1,402,106 for Craig Shesky. Additional information can be found in note 15 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no stock option awards granted in 2022. (4) Consists of Australian superannuation contributions made by TMC/DeepGreen during the years 2022 and 2021 for Anthony O ’ Sullivan and U.S. 401(k) benefits made by TMC/DeepGreen during the years 2022 and 2021 for Craig Shesky. 161 Table of Contents Outstanding Equity Awards at 2022 Fiscal Year-End The following table sets forth certain information regarding outstanding equity awards held by the NEOs as of December 31, 2022. The number of securities and exercise prices, as applicable, described in this section have been adjusted based on the exchange ratio calculated pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement to reflect the number of securities and exercise prices following the Business Combination. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Option Awards ​ Stock Awards ​ ​ ​ Number of ​ Number of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Securities Securities ​ ​ ​ Number of Market value ​ ​ ​ ​ Underlying ​ Underlying ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ shares or ​ of shares or ​ ​ ​ ​ Unexercised ​ Unexercised ​ Option ​ ​ ​ units of stock ​ units of stock ​ ​ ​ ​ Options ​ Options ​ Exercise ​ Option ​ that have not ​ that have not ​ ​ ​ ​ Exercisable ​ Unexercisable ​ Price ​ Expiration ​ vested ​ vested Name ​ Grant Date (#) ​ (#) (1) ​ ($) ​ Date ​ (#) (2) ​ ($) (3) Gerard Barron ​ 05/16/2019 ​ 3,473,586 ​ — ​ $ 0.65 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 03/04/2021 ​ 604,458 ​ 2,275,334 ​ ​ 0.65 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 11/22/2021 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ — ​ — ​ 520,833 ​ 401,042 Anthony O’Sullivan ​ 05/16/2019 ​ 466,965 ​ — ​ $ 0.65 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 03/04/2021 ​ 218,707 ​ 1,011,259 ​ ​ 0.65 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 11/22/2021 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ — ​ — ​ 208,333 ​ 160,417 Craig Shesky ​ 03/04/2021 ​ 135,084 ​ ​ ​ $ 8.64 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 03/04/2021 ​ ​ ​ 270,167 (4) ​ ​ 8.64 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 03/04/2021 ​ — ​ 252,814 ​ ​ 0.65 ​ 06/01/2028 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ 11/22/2021 ​ — ​ — ​ ​ — ​ — ​ 156,250 ​ 120,313 (1) These stock options vest as follows, subject to continued service through each vesting threshold: (i) 25% if our market capitalization equals or exceeds $3.0 billion; (ii) 35% if our market capitalization equals or exceeds $6.0 billion; (iii) 20% if the International Seabed Authority grants us an exploitation contract; and (iv) 20% upon the commencement of the first commercial production following the grant of the exploitation contract. (2) Stock awards consists of RSUs that were granted on November 22, 2021 and vest one third on each anniversary of the grant date. (3) Market value of shares based on TMC’s closing market share price at December 31, 2022. (4) These stock options vest as follows: 135,084 units on February 20, 2023 and 135,084 units on February 20, 2024. Other Compensation and Benefits We believe that establishing a competitive benefit package consistent with companies with which we compete for employees is an important factor in attracting and retaining talented employees. Thus, we provide our Named Executive Officers with employee benefits on the same basis as offered to our full time non-executive employees, including health and dental benefits and a 401(k) plan (or equivalent as determined by employee’s jurisdiction of employment). Employment Arrangements We have employment agreements with our NEOs the material terms of which are described below. In addition, each NEO has agreed to non-competition, non-solicitation and non-interference covenants that apply during the term of employment and for 12 months thereafter, as well as assignment of intellectual property and confidentiality obligations, each as set forth in his or her respective employment agreement. Mr. Barron began his current position as our Chief Executive Officer in January 2018 with DeepGreen. Mr. O’Sullivan began his current position as our Chief Development Officer in July 2017 with DeepGreen. Mr. Shesky began his current position as our Chief Financial Officer in May 2021 with DeepGreen. 162 Table of Contents Gerard Barron DeepGreen entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Barron, who accepted and commenced his role as DeepGreen’s Chief Executive Officer on the agreement effective date, January 1, 2018 (the “Barron Employment Agreement”). Under the Barron Employment Agreement, Mr. Barron’s initial annual base salary was $450,000, which DeepGreen agreed to review on a year-to-year basis, in accordance with DeepGreen’s payroll practices. Mr. Barron’s current annual base salary is $565,000. In addition, DeepGreen issued Mr. Barron up to 187,500 common shares, upon the execution of the Barron Employment Agreement, to be paid in lieu of cash for services provided by Mr. Barron from July 2017 through November 2017. Mr. Barron is eligible to participate in our benefit plans and to be considered for an annual performance incentive bonus, to be granted at the discretion of the board of directors on a year-to-year basis (the “Employment Bonus”). Under the Barron Employment Agreement, if Mr. Barron is deemed eligible to receive an Employment Bonus for a particular year, then the terms of such Employment Bonus shall be provided under a separate agreement and paid as soon as practicable after the first quarter of the first financial year following the year that Mr. Barron earns such bonus. Pursuant to the Barron Employment Agreement, Mr. Barron also received an option grant for 3,473,586 shares of common shares, at an exercise price of $0.65 per share, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in a stock option agreement between the parties, dated July 23, 2018 (the “Barron Stock Option Agreement”). Under the Barron Stock Option Agreement, the parties agreed that (i) 2,894,655 options would be issued as part of DeepGreen’s Long-Term Incentive Plan, with (x) 60% of such shares vesting in equal 20% installments on each of January 1, 2019, January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2021, and (y) 20% of such shares vesting upon the DeepGreen raising $20,000,000 in cash following the date of grant and (z) 20% of such shares vesting upon DeepGreen raising a total of $40,000,000 in cash following the date of grant, provided that Mr. Barron remained an employee of DeepGreen on such dates, and (ii) 578,931 options would be issued as part of Mr. Barron’s board of directors remuneration, with 50% of such shares vesting as of the grant date and 50% of such shares vesting as of January 1, 2019. This option is currently fully vested and exercisable for all of the 3,473,586 common shares. Any vested options under the Barron Stock Option Agreement are set to expire on June 1, 2028. All stock options granted to Mr. Barron are governed by the terms of the DeepGreen Plan (as defined below), as well as the Barron Stock Option Agreement. In the event that Mr. Barron’s employment with DeepGreen is terminated without cause, Mr. Barron will receive a payment equal to either (i) 3 months of his then annual base salary, or (ii) in the event that DeepGreen had raised (y) $20,000,000 in equity as of January 1, 2018 and (z) DeepGreen has greater than $10,000,000 cash-on-hand as of the date of such termination, then Mr. Barron shall receive an amount equal to 12 months of his base salary as a salary continuance in accordance with the Barron Employment Agreement and DeepGreen’s standard monthly payroll practices (the “Barron Severance Benefits”). In the event that, following a change of control of DeepGreen, Mr. Barron is terminated without “cause” or resigns as a result of a “triggering event,” Mr. Baron will also be eligible to receive the Barron Severance Benefits. Anthony O’Sullivan May 8, 2022, our subsidiary, The Metals Company Australia Pty. Ltd, entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. O’Sullivan in connection with his continued role as our Chief Development Officer, a role he started in July 2017 with DeepGreen (the “O’Sullivan Employment Agreement”). Under the O’Sullivan Employment Agreement, Mr. O’Sullivan will receive an annual base salary of $670,985 AUD ($475,000 USD), which will be reviewed annually by our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. O’Sullivan is eligible to participate in our LTIP, subject to the combination of his achieving certain individual performance objectives, and achievement of certain company-based financial results. Mr. O’Sullivan is eligible to participate in our benefit plans and to be considered for an annual performance incentive bonus targeted at 50% of his annual base salary, to be granted at the discretion of the board of directors on a year-to-year basis (the “O’Sullivan Employment Bonus”). The O’Sullivan Employment Agreement has an indefinite term. In general, during his employment and for a period of six months thereafter, Mr. O’Sullivan is prohibited from (a) competing with us within Australia; (b) soliciting our customers for a competing business; and (c) soliciting our employees for a competing business. In the event that Mr. O’Sullivan’s employment is terminated without “Cause” as defined in the O’Sullivan Employment Agreement or if Mr. O’Sullivan resigns for “Good Reason” as defined in the O’Sullivan Employment Agreement, Mr. O’Sullivan will receive (a) a payment equal to a pro-rata portion of the O’Sullivan Employment Bonus; (b) subject to the approval of the board of directors, an extension of the expiry up to 12 months from the termination date of options that vest based on the achievement of certain company-based milestones; and (c) continued payment of the premiums required to maintain Mr. O’Sullivan’s participation in the benefits plans in which he participates for the minimum period required by applicable law. 163 Table of Contents In the event that Mr. O’Sullivan’s employment is terminated without “Cause” or if Mr. O’Sullivan resigns for “Good Reason” following the resignation, termination, or replacement of our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. O’Sullivan will receive (a) a payment equal to 9 months of his then base salary in lieu of notice plus 1 month’s pay in lieu of notice for each completed year of service following the start date to a maximum of 18 months; (b) allowance for the immediate vesting of all unvested restricted stock units that would have vested during the 12 month period following the termination date; (c) subject to the approval of the board of directors, extension of the expiry up to 12 months from the termination date of options that vest based on the achievement of certain company-based milestones; (d) pro-rata payment of the O’Sullivan Employment Bonus; and (e) continued payment of the premiums required to maintain Mr. O’Sullivan’s participation in the benefits plans in which he participates for the minimum period required by applicable law. In the event that, within 24 months following a “Fundamental Change” as defined in the O’Sullivan Employment Agreement, Mr. O’Sullivan’s employment is terminated without “Cause”, Mr. O’Sullivan will receive (a) a payment equal to 12 months of his then annual base salary; (b) 1.5 times the O’Sullivan Employment Bonus paid for the previous year; and (c) immediate vesting of all unvested equity awards, subject to Mr. O’Sullivan agreeing that the non-competition period described above be extended to 12 months from the date of termination. In connection with his hiring by DeepGreen in July 2017, Mr. O’Sullivan was granted certain stock options pursuant to the DeepGreen Plan. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth by that certain stock option agreement, made effective July 23, 2018, by and between DeepGreen and Mr. O’Sullivan (the “Sullivan Stock Option Agreement”), Mr. Sullivan was granted 2,026,258 common shares at an exercise price of $0.65 per share which vested in three installments ending on on June 1, 2020. The vested options are set to expire on June 1, 2028 under the expiration conditions of the Sullivan Stock Option Agreement. On October 14, 2022, Mr. O’Sullivan notified us that he was resigning as our Chief Development Officer, though he will remain in the position through a twelve-month transition period ending in the fall of 2023. Craig Shesky On May 6, 2022, our subsidiary, DeepGreen Resources, LLC, entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Shesky in connection with his continued role as our Chief Financial Officer, a role he started in May 2021 with DeepGreen (the “Shesky Employment Agreement”). Under the Shesky Employment Agreement, Mr. Shesky will receive an annual base salary of $350,000, which will be reviewed annually by our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Shesky is also entitled to a signing payment in the amount of $91,667 under the Shesky Employment Agreement. In addition, Mr. Shesky is eligible to participate in our LTIP, subject to the combination of his achieving certain individual performance objectives, and achievement of certain company-based financial results. Mr. Shesky is eligible to participate in our benefit plans and to be considered for an annual performance incentive bonus targeted at 50% of his annual base salary, to be granted at the discretion of the board of directors on a year-to-year basis (the “Shesky Employment Bonus”). The Shesky Employment Agreement has an indefinite term. In general, during his employment and for a period of six months thereafter, Mr. Shesky is prohibited from (a) competing with us within North America; (b) soliciting our customers for a competing business; and (c) soliciting our employees for a competing business. In the event that Mr. Shesky’s employment is terminated without “Cause” as defined in the Shesky Employment Agreement or if Mr. Shesky resigns for “Good Reason” as defined in the Shesky Employment Agreement, Mr. Shesky will receive (a) a payment equal to 6 months of his then annual base salary plus a pro-rata portion of the Shesky Employment Bonus; (b) subject to the approval of the board of directors, an extension of the expiry up to 12 months from the termination date of options that vest based on the achievement of certain company-based milestones; and (c) continued payment of the premiums required to maintain Mr. Shesky’s participation in the benefits plans in which he participates for the minimum period required by applicable law. In the event that Mr. Shesky’s employment is terminated without “Cause” or if Mr. Shesky resigns for “Good Reason” following the resignation, termination, or replacement of our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Shesky will receive (a) a payment equal to 9 months of his then base salary in lieu of notice plus 1 month’s pay in lieu of notice for each completed year of service following the start date to a maximum of 18 months; (b) allowance for the immediate vesting of all unvested restricted stock units that would have vested during the 12 month period following the termination date; (c) subject to the approval of the board of directors, extension of the expiry up to 12 months from the termination date of options that vest based on the achievement of certain company-based milestones; (d) pro-rata payment of the Shesky Employment Bonus; and (e) continued payment of the premiums required to maintain Mr. Shesky’s participation in the benefits plans in which he participates for the minimum period required by applicable law. 164 Table of Contents In the event that, within 24 months following a “Change of Control” as defined in the Shesky Employment Agreement, Mr. Shesky’s employment is terminated without “Cause” or if Mr. Shesky resigns for “Good Reason”, Mr. Shesky will receive (a) a payment equal to 12 months of his then annual base salary; (b) 1.5 times the Shesky Employment Bonus paid for the previous year; and (c) immediate vesting of all unvested equity awards, subject to Mr. Shesky agreeing that the non-competition period described above be extended to 12 months from the date of termination. Employee Benefits Our NEOs participate in employee benefit programs available to our employees generally. Stock Option Plans and Stock Option Awards DeepGreen Plan As a consequence of the Business Combination, we adopted and assumed the DeepGreen Metals Inc. Stock Option Plan, as amended (the “DeepGreen Plan”), and each option to purchase DeepGreen Common Shares, whether vested or unvested, that was outstanding immediately prior to the time the arrangement pursuant to the court-approved plan of arrangement became effective (the “Effective Time”) was assumed by us and became an option (vested or unvested, as applicable) to purchase a number of our Common Shares equal to the number of DeepGreen Common Shares subject to such option immediately prior to the Effective Time multiplied by the Per Share Consideration, rounded down to the nearest whole number of shares, at an exercise price per share equal to the exercise price per share of such option immediately prior to the Effective Time divided by the Per Share Consideration, rounded up to the nearest whole cent. No further awards will be granted out of the DeepGreen Plan. The DeepGreen Board adopted, and DeepGreen’s shareholders approved, the DeepGreen Plan on September 17, 2013. The DeepGreen Plan has been periodically amended, most notably: on July 23, 2018, in order to increase the number of shares of DeepGreen common shares available for issuance pursuant to the DeepGreen Plan to a maximum of 20% of the issued and outstanding common shares, and on May 16, 2019 in order to clarify the application with respect to certain provisions of employee scheme legislation in Australia. The DeepGreen Plan permits the grant of options of DeepGreen’s common shares, as defined by the DeepGreen Plan (the “Options”). Options may be granted only to (i) a bona fide director, senior officer, employee of DeepGreen, (ii) a company that is wholly-owned by any of the foregoing, or (iii) a consultant of DeepGreen. The board of directors, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the vesting of any unexercised options in accordance with the change of control provisions set forth in the DeepGreen Plan. The board of directors is authorized to administer the DeepGreen Plan. In addition, consistent with the terms of the DeepGreen Plan, the board of directors may determine the number of shares issuable for the exercise of each Option, the Option Price, as defined by the DeepGreen Plan, and the times when any such Options will be granted, exercisable and expire under the DeepGreen Plan. No further awards will be granted pursuant to the DeepGreen Plan. Upon any time when an Option granted under the DeepGreen Plan remains unexercised with respect to any common shares and a transaction is proposed that the majority of the board of directors determines is reasonably likely to be considered a Change of Control Event, as defined by the DeepGreen Plan (a “Change of Control Event”), then the board of directors, in its sole discretion, may require that: (i) DeepGreen accelerate the vesting of the Option and the time for the fulfilment of any conditions or restrictions on such vesting; (ii) the Option granted under the DeepGreen Plan be exercised (whether or not such Option has vested at any time up to and including (but not after) the effective time of the Change of Control Event, and any Options not exercised by the effective time of the Change of Control Event will be deemed to have expired; (iii) the Option granted under the DeepGreen Plan, if acceptable by the holder, be cancelled by DeepGreen for a cash payment equal to the difference between (y) the closing price of such shares on a trading day that is a determined number of days prior to the effective time of the Change of Control Event and (z) the price of the Option; or (iv) the Option granted under the DeepGreen Plan be exchanged for an Option to acquire the number of securities as are distributed to the securityholders of DeepGreen equal to (y) the exchange ratio of the shares multiplied by (z) the number of shares subject to such Option immediately prior to the effective time of the Change of Control Event, provided that any such replacement Option survives for a period of not less than one year from the effective time of the Change of Control Event, regardless of the continuing directorship, officership or employment of the holder. The board of directors may amend, suspend, or terminate the DeepGreen Plan at any time. The board of directors Board must obtain shareholder approval of any plan amendment to the extent required by the DeepGreen Plan. 165 Table of Contents TMC Incentive Equity Plan Eligibility The TMC the metals company Inc. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan (the “TMC Incentive Equity Plan”) allows for grants, under the direction of the board of directors or compensation committee, as the plan administrator, of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock awards, restricted share units and other stock or equity-related cash-based awards to employees, consultants and non-employee directors who, in the opinion of the plan administrator, are in a position to make a significant contribution to our long-term success. All of our employees, non-employee directors and consultants and our affiliates will be eligible to participate in the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. Shares Available for Issuance The TMC Incentive Equity Plan provides for the future issuance of 44,372,170 Common Shares, including 10,672,485 shares added to the plan in January 2023 pursuant to the plan’s evergreen provision, provided that 2,243,853 of the Common Shares available under the Plan will only be available to our non-employee directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the number of future shares that may be issued will increase automatically on the first day of each fiscal year during the period beginning with fiscal year 2022 and ending on the tenth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, equal to the lesser of (a) 4% of the number of outstanding Common Shares on such date, and (b) an amount determined by the plan administrator. Generally, Common Shares reserved for awards under the TMC Incentive Equity Plan that lapse or are forfeited or cancelled will be added back to the share reserve available for future awards. However, shares delivered to or withheld to pay withholding taxes or any applicable exercise price will not be available for issuance under the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. In addition, any shares repurchased on the open market using exercise price proceeds will not be available for issuance under the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. The aggregate grant date fair value of shares granted to any non-employee director under the TMC Incentive Equity Plan and any other cash compensation paid to any non-employee director in any calendar year may not exceed $500,000; increased to $750,000 in the year in which such non-employee director initially joins the board of directors. Stock Options The terms and conditions of our ability to grant stock options are governed by the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. Notably, we have established a sub-plan to the TMC Incentive Equity Plan (the “U.S. Sub-Plan”) for the purpose of granting stock options to employees who are residents of the United States or who are or may become subject to U.S. tax. Stock options granted under the U.S. Sub-Plan may either be incentive stock options, which are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or non-qualified stock options. Incentive stock options may be granted to employees of TMC and its affiliates, and the aggregate fair market value of a Common Share determined at the time of grant with respect to incentive stock options that are exercisable for the first time by a participant during any calendar year may not exceed $100,000. Non-qualified options may be granted to our employees, non-employee directors and consultants and our affiliates. If an incentive stock option is granted to an individual who owns 10% or less of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock or our affiliate, the exercise price of the stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Common Shares on the date of grant, and the term of the stock option may not be longer than ten years. If an incentive stock option is granted to an individual who owns more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock of or our affiliate, the exercise price of the stock option may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the Common Shares on the date of grant, and the term of the stock option may not be longer than five years. Award agreements for stock options include rules for exercise of the stock options after termination of service. Options may not be exercised unless they are vested, and no option may be exercised after the end of the term set forth in the award agreement. Generally, stock options will be exercisable for three months after termination of service for any reason other than death or total and permanent disability, and for one (1) year after termination of service on account of death or total and permanent disability but will not be exercisable if the termination of service was due to cause. 166 Table of Contents Restricted Stock Restricted stock that is subject to restrictions, including a prohibition against transfer and a substantial risk of forfeiture, until the end of a “restricted period” during which the grantee must satisfy certain time or performance-based vesting conditions. If the grantee does not satisfy the vesting conditions by the end of the restricted period, the restricted stock is forfeited. During the restricted period, the holder of restricted stock has the rights and privileges of a regular shareholder, except that generally dividend equivalents may accrue but will not be paid during the restricted period, and the restrictions set forth in the applicable award agreement apply. For example, the holder of restricted stock may vote the restricted shares, but he or she may not sell the shares until the restrictions are lifted. Restricted Share Units Restricted share units vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the plan administrator and when the applicable restrictions lapse, the grantee will be entitled to receive a payout in cash, shares or a combination thereof based on the number of restricted share units as specified in the award agreement. Dividend equivalents may accrue but will not be paid prior to and only to the extent that, the restricted stock unit award vests. The holder of restricted share units does not have the rights and privileges of a regular shareholder, including the ability to vote the restricted share units. Other Share-Based Awards and Performance-Based Awards The TMC Incentive Equity Plan also authorizes the grant of other types of share-based compensation including, but not limited to share appreciation rights and unrestricted share awards. The plan administrator may award such share-based awards subject to such conditions and restrictions as it may determine. We may grant an award conditioned on satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Such performance-based awards also include performance-based restricted shares and restricted share units. Any dividends or dividend equivalents payable or credited to a participant with respect to any unvested performance-based award will be subject to the same performance goals as the shares or units underlying the performance-based award. Plan Administration In accordance with the terms of the TMC Incentive Equity Plan, the board of directors may administer the TMC Incentive Equity Plan or authorize the compensation committee to administer the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. The compensation committee may delegate part of its authority and powers under the TMC Incentive Equity Plan to one or more of our directors and/or officers, but only the compensation committee can make awards to participants who are subject to the reporting and other requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In accordance with the provisions of the TMC Incentive Equity Plan, the plan administrator determines the terms of awards, including, which employees, directors and consultants will be granted awards, the number of shares subject to each award, the vesting provisions of each award, the termination or cancellation provisions applicable to awards, and all other terms and conditions upon which each award may be granted in accordance with the TMC Incentive Equity Plan. In addition, the plan administrator may, in its discretion, amend any term or condition of an outstanding award provided (i) such term or condition as amended is not prohibited by the TMC Incentive Equity Plan and does not require shareholder approval under the rules of Nasdaq, and (ii) any such amendment will be made only with the consent of the participant to whom such award was made, if the amendment is adverse to the participant unless such amendment is required by applicable law or necessary to preserve the economic value of such award. Stock Dividends and Stock Splits If the Common Shares are subdivided or combined into a greater or smaller number of shares or if we issue any common shares as a stock dividend, the number of common shares deliverable upon exercise of an option issued or upon issuance of an award will be appropriately increased or decreased proportionately, and appropriate adjustments will be made in the exercise price per share of stock options or purchase price, if any, and performance goals applicable to performance-based awards, if any, to reflect such subdivision, combination or stock dividend. 167 Table of Contents Corporate Transactions Upon a merger or other reorganization event, the plan administrator or the board of directors of any entity assuming our obligations may take any one or more of the following actions pursuant to the TMC Incentive Equity Plan, as to some or all outstanding options and awards: ● provide that all outstanding options will be assumed or substituted by the successor corporation; ● upon written notice to a participant, provide that the participant ’ s unexercised options must be exercised within a specified number of days of the date of such notice, at the end of which period such unexercised options will terminate; ● in the event of a merger pursuant to which holders of Common Shares will receive a cash payment for each share surrendered in the merger, make or provide for a cash payment to option holder participants equal to the difference between the merger price times the number of Common Shares subject to such outstanding options, and the aggregate exercise price of all such outstanding options, in exchange for the termination of such options; ● with respect to other stock awards, provide that outstanding awards will be assumed or substituted by the successor corporation; ● with respect to stock awards, and in lieu of any of the foregoing, provide that, upon consummation of the transaction, each outstanding stock award will be terminated in exchange for payment of an amount equal to the consideration payable upon consummation of such transaction to a holder of the number of Common Shares comprising such award (to the extent such stock grant or award is no longer subject to any forfeiture or repurchase rights then in effect or, at the discretion of the board of directors or an authorized committee, all forfeiture and repurchase rights being waived upon such transaction); and ● upon consummation of a Corporate Transaction, to the extent not assumed or substituted by the successor or cashed out, the outstanding awards will terminate. Amendment and Termination The TMC Incentive Equity Plan may be amended by our shareholders. It may also be amended by the board of directors or the compensation committee, provided that any amendment which is of a scope that requires shareholder approval as required by (i) the rules of Nasdaq or (ii) for any other reason, is subject to obtaining such shareholder approval. However, no such action may adversely affect any rights under any outstanding award without the holder’s consent unless such amendment is required by applicable law or necessary to preserve the economic value of such award. Duration of Plan The TMC Incentive Equity Plan will expire by its terms in April 2031. 168 Table of Contents Director Compensation On September 9, 2021, we adopted a non-employee director compensation policy. Pursuant to the policy, the annual cash retainer for non-employee directors is $90,000. Annual cash retainers for committee membership are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ Position Retainer Lead director ​ $ 30,000 Audit Committee chairperson ​ $ 22,500 Audit Committee member ​ $ 7,500 Compensation Committee chairperson ​ $ 15,000 Compensation Committee member ​ $ 5,000 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee chairperson ​ $ 15,000 Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee member ​ $ 5,000 Sustainability and Innovation Committee chairperson ​ $ 15,000 Sustainability and Innovation Committee member ​ $ 5,000 ​ These fees are payable in arrears in quarterly installments as soon as practicable following the last business day of each fiscal quarter, provided that the amount of such payment will be prorated for any portion of such quarter that a director is not serving on the board of directors, on such committee or in such position. Non-employee directors are also reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of the board of directors and any committee of the board of directors on which they serve and in connection with other business related to the board of directors. Directors may also be reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses in accordance with our travel and other expense policies, as may be in effect from time to time. Initial Grant - In addition, we grant to new non-employee directors upon their initial election to the board of directors a number of restricted share units (“RSUs”) (each RSU relating to one share of Common Shares), having an aggregate fair market value equal to $100,000, determined by dividing (A) $100,000 by (B) the closing price of the Common Shares on Nasdaq on the date of the grant (rounded down to the nearest whole share), on the first business day after the date that the non-employee director is first appointed or elected to the board of directors. Each of these grants shall vest in equal annual installments over three years from the date of the grant, subject to the non-employee director’s continued service as a director on the applicable vesting dates. Annual Grant - We also grant each non-employee director annually a number of RSUs (each RSU relating to one Common Share), having an aggregate fair market value equal to $100,000, determined by dividing (A) $100,000 by (B) the closing price of the Common Shares on the Nasdaq on the date of the grant (rounded down to the nearest whole share), each year on the first business day after our annual meeting of shareholders (the “Annual Grant”); provided, however, that if there has been no annual meeting of shareholders held by the first business day of the third fiscal quarter, we make the Annual Grant to each non-employee director on the first business day of the third fiscal quarter of such year. ​ 169 Table of Contents The table below summarizes the compensation of each person serving as a non-employee director of TMC for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Gerard Barron, our Chief Executive Officer, did not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director of TMC in 2022. The compensation of Mr. Barron as a NEO is set forth above under “ — Summary Compensation Table .” ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Fees Earned ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ or Paid in Stock ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash ​ Awards ​ Total Name ​ ($) ​ ($) (1) ​ ($) Andrew Hall ​ $ 127,092 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 227,092 Sheila Khama ​ $ 116,937 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 216,937 Andrei Karkar ​ $ 110,000 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 210,000 Gina Stryker ​ $ 76,033 ​ $ — ​ $ 76,033 Amelia Kinahoi-Saimomua ​ $ 95,000 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 195,000 Christian Madsbjerg ​ $ 110,000 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 210,000 Kathleen McAllister (2) ​ $ 96,950 ​ $ 199,999 ​ $ 296,950 Andrew Greig ​ $ 57,351 ​ $ 100,000 ​ $ 157,351 (1) The Annual Grant consists of 68,027 RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. The grant date fair value is computed based on the closing market price on the date of grant in accordance with ASC 718. (2) Ms. McAllister ’ s stock awards include the value of her Initial Grant on joining the board and her Annual Grant both issued in 2022. The following lists all outstanding equity awards held by our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2022: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Aggregate ​ Number of ​ ​ Number of ​ Shares or Units ​ ​ Shares Underlying of Stock That ​ ​ Outstanding ​ Have Not Vested Name ​ Options (1) ​ (2) Andrew Hall ​ — ​ 73,382 Sheila Khama ​ — 73,382 Andrei Karkar 769,020 73,382 Amelia Kinahoi-Saimomua ​ — 73,382 Christian Madsbjerg 716,916 73,382 Kathleen McAllister ​ — ​ 132,543 Andrew Greig — ​ 95,238 (1) Consists of STIP options granted under the DeepGreen Plan which are fully vested, and have an exercise price ranging from $0.52 to $2.60 and expiration date between February 17, 2026 to June 30, 2028 and LTIP options granted under the DeepGreen Plan which vest as follows, subject to continued service through each vesting threshold: (i) 25% if our market capitalization equals or exceeds $3.0 billion; (ii) 35% if our market capitalization equals or exceeds $6.0 billion; (iii) 20% if the International Seabed Authority grants us an exploitation contract; and (iv) 20% upon the commencement of the first commercial production following the grant of the exploitation contract. LTIP options have an exercise period of $0.65 and expiration date of June 1, 2028. (2) Consists of RSUs for Initial Grants, which vests in thirds on each anniversary of the grant date, and RSUs for Annual Grants which vest on the date of TMC ’ s annual general meeting following the grant date. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The following table sets forth information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of the Common Shares as of January 31, 2023 by: ● each person known to the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of outstanding Common Shares; 170 Table of Contents ● each of the Company ’ s named executive officers and directors; and ● all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group. Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Common Shares issuable upon exercise of options and warrants currently exercisable within 60 days are deemed outstanding solely for purposes of calculating the percentage of total ownership and total voting power of the beneficial owner thereof. The beneficial ownership of Common Shares is based on 266,812,131 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023. Unless otherwise indicated, the Company believes that each person named in the table below has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of the Common Shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is c/o TMC the metals company Inc., 595 Howe Street, 10 th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2T5. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Percentage ​ ​ Number of ​ of Shares ​ ​ Common Beneficially ​ Name and Address of Beneficial Owner ​ Shares (1) ​ Owned (%) ​ Directors and Executive Officers: ​ ​ Gerard Barron (2) ​ 19,109,093 ​ 7.1 % Anthony O’Sullivan (3) ​ 1,364,949 ​ * Craig Shesky (4) 770,498 * ​ Christian Madsbjerg (5) 593,186 * ​ Andrew C. Greig (6) ​ 4,812,743 ​ 1.8 % Andrew Hall (7) 30,677 * ​ Sheila Khama (8) 2,677 * ​ Andrei Karkar (9) 54,015,982 20.2 % Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua (10) 2,677 * ​ Kathleen McAllister (11) 21,505 * ​ All Directors and Executive Officers of the Company as a Group (12 Individuals) (12) 83,981,868 31.3 % Five Percent Holders: ​ ERAS Capital (13) 53,370,692 19.9 % Maersk Supply Service A/S (14) 17,189,636 6.4 % Allseas Group S.A. (15) 34,280,268 12.3 % * Indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1%. (1) Excludes Special Shares. (2) Consists of (i) 14,941,655 Common Shares, (ii) 4,078,044 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023, and (iii) 89,394 Common Shares underlying warrants held by Mr. Barron. Does not include 2,275,334 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 520,833 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Barron. (3) Consists of (i) 575,110 Common Shares held by The O ’ Sullivan Family Trust No. 1 and 104,167 Common Shares held by Mr. O ’ Sullivan, (ii) 685,672 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. O ’ Sullivan. Does not include 1,011,259 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 208,333 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by O ’ Sullivan. Anthony O ’ Sullivan is the sole director of JOZEM Pty Ltd. which is the trustee of The O ’ Sullivan Family Trust No. 1. 171 Table of Contents (4) Consists of (i) 500,331 Common Shares and (ii) 270,167 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Shesky. Does not include 387,898 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 156,250 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Shesky. (5) Consists of (i) 2,677 Common Shares held by Mr. Madsbjerg and (ii) 590,509 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Madsbjerg. Does not include 126,407 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 73,382 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Madsbjerg. (6) Consists of (i) 4,095,827 Common Shares held by Mr. Greig and (ii) 716,916 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Greig. Does not include 95,238 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Greig. (7) Consists of 30,677 Common Shares held by Mr. Hall. Does not include 73,382 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Hall. (8) Consists of 2,677 Common Shares held by Ms. Khama. Does not include 73,382 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Ms. Khama. (9) Consists of (i) 2,677 Common Shares held by Mr. Karkar, (ii) 642,613 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Karkar, (iii) 51,955,976 Common Shares held by ERAS Capital LLC ( “ ERAS ” ), and (iv) 1,414,716 Common Shares underlying warrants held by ERAS. Does not include 126,407 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 73,382 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Mr. Karkar. Mr. Karkar has voting and dispositive control over the securities held by ERAS and therefore Mr. Karkar may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held by ERAS. (10) Consists of 2,677 Common Shares held by Ms. Siamomua. Does not include 73,382 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Ms. Siamomua. (11) Consists of 21,505 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Ms. McAllister. Does not include 111,038 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held by Ms. McAllister. (12) See footnotes 2 through 11. Includes (i) 572,191 Common Shares held in the aggregate by executive officers (and their children) other than the NEOs and (ii) 2,685,690 Common Shares underlying options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held in the aggregate by executive officers other than the NEOs. Does not include 1,516,889 Common Shares underlying options that are not exercisable and 260,417 Common Shares underlying restricted share units that do not vest within 60 days of January 31, 2023 held in the aggregate by executive officers other than the NEOs. (13) The address of ERAS is 323 Marina Boulevard, San Francisco, California 94123. Consists of (i) 51,955,976 Common Shares and (ii) 1,414,716 Common Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants owned by ERAS. Andrei Karkar has voting and dispositive control over the securities held by ERAS and therefore Mr. Karkar may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held by ERAS. (14) The address of Maersk Supply Service A/S is Esplanaden 50 Copenhagen K, DK-1098 Denmark. Maersk Supply Service A/S is a subsidiary of AP Moller-Maersk A/S. (15) The address of Allseas Group S.A. is 18 Route de Pra de Plan, Case Postale, 411 1618 Chatel-Saint-Denis, Switzerland. Includes (i) 22,701,648 Common Shares owned by Allseas Group S.A. and (ii) 11,578,620 Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of a warrant owned by Allseas Group S.A. Excludes (i) 1,000,000 Common Shares held by Argentum Cedit Virtuti GCV, which has an ownership interest in Allseas Group S.A., to which Allseas Group, S.A. does not have voting or investment power with respect thereto and (ii) 10,850,000 Common Shares the Company intended to issue to Allseas Group S.A. under the PMTA, which were issued to Allseas Group S.A. on February 13, 2023. 172 Table of Contents Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides certain aggregate information with respect to all of our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (a) ​ (b) ​ (c) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Number of securities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ remaining available ​ ​ Number of securities ​ ​ ​ ​ for future issuance ​ ​ to be issued ​ Weighted-average ​ under equity ​ ​ ​ upon exercise ​ exercise price of ​ compensation plans ​ ​ of outstanding options, ​ outstanding options, ​ (excluding securities Plan category warrants and rights warrants and rights reflected in column (a)) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 29,955,405 (1) ​ $ 1.11 (2) ​ 35,719,259 (3) ​ Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders — ​ — — ​ Total 28,955,405 ​ $ 1.11 35,719,259 ​ ​ (1) Consists of (i) 25,140,262 shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options under the DeepGreen Plan and (ii) 3,815,143 shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding RSUs under the TMC 2021 Incentive Equity Plan. (2) Consists of the weighted-average exercise price of the 25,140,262 options outstanding on December 31, 2022. (3) Consists of 30,582,864 shares under the TMC 2021 Incentive Equity Plan and 5,136,395 shares under the TMC 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan that remained available for future issuance as of December 31, 2022. No shares remained available for future issuance under the DeepGreen Plan as of December 31, 2022. The TMC 2021 Incentive Equity Plan has an evergreen provision that allows for an annual increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the TMC 2021 Incentive Equity Plan to be added on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning in fiscal year 2022 and ending on the tenth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination. The evergreen provides for an automatic increase in the number of shares available for issuance equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the number of outstanding Common Shares on such date and (ii) an amount determined by the plan administr ator. The TMC 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan has an annual increase provision that allows for an annual increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the TMC Employee Share Purchase Plan to be added on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning in fiscal year 2022. The annual increase provision provides for an automatic increase in the number of shares available for issuance equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the number of outstanding Common Shares on such date and (ii) an amount determined by the Board of directors. ​ ​ Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 2021 PIPE Financing In the private placement of common shares, consummated on September 9, 2021, Allseas Group SA and Argentum Cedit Virtuti, an affiliate of Allseas, purchased $20 million and $10 million of our Common Shares, respectively. 2022 PIPE Financing In the private placement of common shares, entered into on August 12, 2022, Gerard Barron, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, ERAS Capital LLC, the family fund of the Company’s director, Andrei Karkar, and Allseas purchased $100,000, $5 million and $5 million of our Common Shares, respectively. 173 Table of Contents Consulting Agreements Gregory Stone, our Chief Ocean Scientist, regularly provides consulting services to us through Ocean Renaissance LLC (“Ocean Renaissance”), where he is a principal. Consulting services during each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 amounted to $375,000. Allseas On March 29, 2019, we entered into a strategic alliance with Allseas to develop a system to collect, lift and transport nodules from the seafloor to shore and agreed to enter into a nodule collection and shipping agreement whereby Allseas would provide commercial services for the collection of the first 200 million metric tonnes of polymetallic nodules on a cost plus 50% profit basis. In furtherance of this agreement, on July 8, 2019, we entered into a Pilot Mining Test Agreement with Allseas (“PMTA”), which was amended on five occasions through February 2023, to develop and deploy a PMTS, successful completion of which is a prerequisite for our application for an exploitation contract with the ISA. Under the PMTA, Allseas agreed to cover the development cost of the project in exchange for a payment from us upon successful completion of the pilot trial of the PMTS in NORI Area D. On March 16, 2022, NORI and Allseas entered into a non-binding term sheet for the development and operation of a commercial nodule collection system. The pilot nodule collection system developed and tested by Allseas is expected to be upgraded to a commercial system with a targeted production capacity of 1.3 million tonnes of wet nodules per year with expected production readiness by the fourth quarter of 2024. NORI and Allseas intended to equally finance all costs related to developing and getting the first commercial system into production that were estimated at less than EUR100 million. It was anticipated that NORI will not have to make any payments related to the commercial system to Allseas until March 31, 2023. Once in production, NORI expected to pay Allseas a nodule collection and transshipment fee estimated at approximately EUR 150 per wet tonne in the first year of operations and expected to be reduced by more than 20% in the following years as Allseas scaled up production to 1.3 million wet tonnes of nodules per year. Following the successful completion of the NORI Area D pilot collection system trials in November 2022 and subsequent analysis of pilot data, the parties are reviewing Project Zero System production targets (up to 3 Mtpa of wet nodules), system design and cost estimates and intend to enter into a binding Heads of Terms in the second half of 2023. The parties expect to further detail their relationship in three separate definitive agreements for engineering, conversion/build and commercial operations phase, respectively. Subject to the necessary regulatory approvals, Allseas and NORI also intend to investigate acquiring a second production vessel similar to the Hidden Gem, a further Samsung 10000, with the potential for it to be engineered to support a higher production rate of three million tonnes of wet nodules per year and lower associated per tonne production cost. There can be no assurances, however, that we will enter into definitive agreements with Allseas contemplated by the non-binding term sheet in a particular time period, or at all, or on terms similar to those set forth in the non-binding term sheet, or that if such definitive agreements are entered into by us that the proposed commercial systems and second production vessel will be successfully developed or operated in a particular time period, or at all. Through December 31, 2022, we have made the following payments to Allseas under the PMTA: (a) $10 million in cash in February 2020, (b) $10 million through the issuance of 3.2 million common shares valued at $3.11 per share in February 2020, (c) issued Allseas a warrant to purchase 11.6 million common shares at a nominal exercise price per share in March 2021, which became exercisable in November 2022 with the successful completion of the pilot trial of the PMTS in the NORI-D Area, (d) $10 million in cash in October 2021, following the closing of the Business Combination and meeting certain progress targets on the PMTS, (e) the second $10 million payment to Allseas under the PMTA on April 25, 2022, following the successful completion of the North Sea drive test and (f) the third and final $10 million payment to Allseas became due in November 2022 upon successful completion of the pilot trial of the PMTS in the NORI Area D, which we settle, along with certain other costs due Allseas under the PMTA, through the issuance of 10,850,000 common shares in February 2023 at a price of $1.00 per share upon entering into the fifth amendment to the PMTA. As further described under Part II, Item 9B “Other Information” above, on March 22, 2023, we entered into a Credit Facility with Argentum Credit Virtuti GCV, the parent of Allseas Investments S.A. and an affiliate of Allseas, pursuant to which, we may borrow from the Lender up to $25,000,000 in the aggregate, from time to time, subject to certain conditions set forth in the Credit Facility. Maersk On March 21, 2017, the Company entered into four charter vessel agreements with Maersk and one charter vessel agreement with Maersk UK pursuant to which Maersk and Maersk UK agreed to supply the Company with vessels and offshore services for a total of five marine campaigns. By letter agreement on March 3, 2021, the Company and Maersk agreed to extend the arrangement until 2022. 174 Table of Contents Pursuant to the Maersk Investment and Participation Agreement dated March 15, 2017 (the “Participation Agreement”), the Company agreed, among other things, that in return for marine cruises and related project management services provided by Maersk and Maersk UK, the Company will issue that number of common shares as is equal to the final cost of each marine cruise divided by $1.08 (subject to adjustment as described therein), upon completion of each marine cruise, and after agreement between the parties as to the calculation of the final cost to Maersk or Maersk UK for such cruise. On March 3, 2021, the Participation Agreement with Maersk was amended whereby all costs incurred on or after February 5, 2021 pertaining to the use of the marine vessel would be paid in cash rather than through issuance of common shares. By this amendment, Maersk irrevocably waived certain pro rata participation rights that it may have had under the Participation Agreement in connection with the Business Combination and acknowledged that all amounts owing to Maersk for services rendered through February 5, 2021 in the aggregate amount of $4.6 million had been satisfied by the issuance of 4.2 million common shares. Our arrangements with Maersk all ended in January 2022. Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement At the closing of the Business Combination, we, the initial shareholders, including the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Group Holders”), and certain holders of DeepGreen securities immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “DeepGreen Holders”) entered into an amended and restated registration rights agreement (the “Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor Group Holders and the DeepGreen Holders were granted certain registration rights with respect to their respective Common Shares on the terms and subject to the conditions therein. Indemnity Agreements with Officers and Directors and Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance In connection with the Business Combination, the Company entered into indemnity agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. Each indemnity agreement provides for indemnification and advancements by the Company of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from his or her service to the Company, or, at the Company’s request, service to other entities, as officers or directors to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. The Company also maintains a general liability insurance policy, which covers certain liabilities of its directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers. Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions We have adopted a written related person transaction policy that sets forth the following policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related person transactions. A “Related Person Transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship in which the Company or any of its subsidiaries was, is or will be a participant, the amount of which involved exceeds $120,000, and in which any related person had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to the Company or any of its subsidiaries as an employee, consultant or director will not be considered related person transactions under this policy. A “Related Person” is: ● any person who is or was an executive officer, director, or director nominee of the Company at any time since the beginning of the Company ’ s last fiscal year; ● a person who is or was an Immediate Family Member (as defined below) of an executive officer, director, director nominee at any time since the beginning of the Company ’ s last fiscal year; ● any person who, at the time of the occurrence or existence of the transaction, is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of the Company ’ s voting securities (a “ Significant Shareholder ” ); or ● any person who, at the time of the occurrence or existence of the transaction, is an Immediate Family Member of a Significant Shareholder of the Company. 175 Table of Contents An “Immediate Family Member” of a person is any child, stepchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law of such person, or any other person sharing the household of such person, other than a tenant or employee. The Company has implemented policies and procedures designed to minimize potential conflicts of interest arising from any dealings it may have with its affiliates and to provide appropriate procedures for the disclosure of any real or potential conflicts of interest that may exist from time to time. Specifically, pursuant to its charter, the audit committee has the responsibility to review related party transactions. Under the related person transaction policy, the related person in question or, in the case of transactions with a beneficial holder of more than 5% of the Company’s voting stock, an officer with knowledge of a proposed transaction, will be required to present information regarding the proposed related person transaction to the audit committee (or to another independent body of the board of directors) for review. To identify Related Person Transactions in advance, we expect to rely on information supplied by our executive officers, directors and certain significant shareholders. In considering related person transactions, our audit committee is expected to take into account the relevant available facts and circumstances, which may include, but are not limited to: ● the related person ’ s interest in the transaction; ● the approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction; ● the approximate dollar value of the amount of the related person ’ s interest in the transaction without regard to the amount of any profit or loss; ● whether the transaction was undertaken in the ordinary course of business of the Company; ● whether the transaction with the related person is proposed to be, or was, entered into on terms no less favorable to the Company than terms that could have been reached with an unrelated third-party; ● the purpose of, and the potential benefits to the Company of, the transaction; and ● any other information regarding the transaction or the related person in the context of the proposed transaction that would be material to investors in light of the circumstances of the particular transaction. The audit committee will approve only those transactions that it determines are fair to the Company and in the Company’s best interests. See also Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” above for additional information about our board of directors and its committees. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”) for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and fees billed for other services rendered by EY during those periods. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2022 2021 Audit fees: (1) ​ $ 555,560 ​ $ 705,795 Audit related fees: ​ $ 17,576 ​ — Tax fees: ​ — ​ — All other fees: ​ ​ — ​ ​ — (1) Consist of aggregate fees for professional services provided in connection with the annual audits of our consolidated financial statements, the review of our quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements, and fees related to accounting matters that 176 Table of Contents were addressed during the annual audit and quarterly reviews. This category also includes fees for services that were incurred in connection with regulatory filings or engagements. Audit services include audit work performed in the preparation of financial statements, as well as work that generally only an independent registered public accounting firm can reasonably be expected to provide, including comfort letters, statutory audits, and attest services and consultation regarding financial accounting and/or reporting standards. Audit-Related services are for assurance and related services that are traditionally performed by an independent registered public accounting firm, including due diligence related to mergers and acquisitions, employee benefit plan audits, and special procedures required to meet certain regulatory requirements. Tax services include all services performed by an independent registered public accounting firm’s tax personnel except those services specifically related to the audit of the financial statements, and includes fees in the areas of tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice. All Other Fees are those associated with services not captured in the other categories. The Company generally does not request such services from our independent registered public accounting firm. Pre-Approval Policy and Procedures The audit committee’s charter sets forth the audit committee’s obligations relating to the approval of all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. The charter provides that we will not engage our independent registered public accounting firm to provide audit or non-audit services unless the service is pre-approved by the audit committee. In addition, we will not engage any other accounting firm to provide audit services unless such services are pre-approved by the audit committee. In connection with the foregoing, the audit committee may approve specific services in advance. In addition, from time to time, the audit committee may pre-approve specified types of services that are expected to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm in the future. Any such pre-approval of types of services is detailed as to the particular service or type of service to be provided and is also generally subject to a maximum dollar amount. The audit committee has also delegated to the chairperson of the audit committee the authority to approve any audit or non-audit services to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm. Any approval of services by the chairperson of the audit committee pursuant to this delegated authority is reported on at the next meeting of the audit committee. ​ 177 Table of Contents PART IV ​ Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Filed with this Report Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule ​ Filing Date SEC File/Reg. Number 2.1†† ​ Business Combination Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2021, by and among Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corp., 1291924 B.C. Unlimited Liability Company and DeepGreen Metals Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 2.1) ​ 3/4/2021 ​ 001-39281 3.1 ​ Notice of Articles of TMC the metals company Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 3.1) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 3.2 ​ Articles of TMC the metals company Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 3.2) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 4.1 ​ Description of Securities ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4.2 ​ TMC the metals company Inc. Common Share Certificate ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 4.1) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 4.3 ​ Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corp., dated May 8, 2020 ​ ​ ​ Form S-1 (Exhibit 4.2) ​ 10/7/2021 ​ 333-260126 4.4 ​ Warrant to Purchase Common Shares issued by DeepGreen Metals Inc. to Allseas Group S.A. on March 4, 2021 ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 4.4) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.1 ​ Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, by and between Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corp., Sustainable Opportunities Holdings LLC, the parties listed under Sponsor Group Holders on the signature page(s) thereto and the parties listed under DeepGreen Holders on the signature page(s) thereto ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.5 – Annex H) ​ 8/5/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.2† ​ Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2019, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Allseas Group S.A. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.7) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.3† ​ Pilot Mining Test Agreement dated as of July 8, 2019, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Allseas Group S.A. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.8) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.4† ​ Third Amendment to Pilot Mining Test Agreement and First Amendment to Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2021, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Allseas Group S.A. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.9) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 178 Table of Contents 10.5 ​ Fourth Amendment to Pilot Mining Test Agreement and Second Amendment to Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2021, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Allseas Group S.A. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.23) ​ 7/14/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.6 ​ Fifth Amendment to Pilot Mining Test Agreement and Third Amendment to Strategic Alliance Agreement, effective as of February 8, 2023, by and among DeepGreen Engineering Pte Ltd, DeepGreen Metals Inc., TMC the metals company Inc. and Allseas Group S.A. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 2/17/2023 ​ 001-39281 10.7† ​ Sponsorship Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2008, by and between the Kingdom of Tonga and Tonga Offshore Mining Limited ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.13) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.8† ​ Sponsorship Agreement, dated as of September 23, 2021, by and between the Kingdom of Tonga and Tonga Offshore Mining Limited ​ ​ ​ Form S-1 (Exhibit 10.13) ​ 10/7/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.9† ​ Sponsorship Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2017, by and among the Republic of Nauru, the Nauru Seabed Minerals Authority, and Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.14) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.10 ​ Certificate of the Sponsorship signed by the Government of Nauru on April 11, 2011 ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.24) ​ 7/28/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.11 ​ ISA Contract for Exploration (Republic of Nauru) dated as of July 22, 2011 ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.15) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.12 ​ ISA Contract for Exploration (Kingdom of Tonga) dated as of January 11, 2012 ​ ​ ​ Form S-4 (Exhibit 10.16) ​ 4/8/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.13+ ​ Form of Indemnity Agreement ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.18) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 10.14+ ​ Nonemployee Director Compensation Policy ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.19) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 10.15+ ​ Employment Agreement, dated December 15, 2017, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Gerard Barron ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.17) ​ 5/27/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.16+ ​ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 8, 2022, by and between The Metals Company Australia Pty. LTD and Anthony O’Sullivan ​ ​ ​ Form 10-Q (Exhibit 10.3) ​ 5/9/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.17+ ​ Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2018, by and between DeepGreen Metals Inc. and Erika Ilves ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.19) ​ 5/27/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.18+ ​ Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 6, 2022, by and between DeepGreen Resources, LLC and Craig Shesky ​ ​ ​ Form 10-Q (Exhibit 10.2) ​ 5/9/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.19.1+ ​ TMC the metals company Inc. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.23.1) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 10.19.2+ ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement under TMC the metals company Inc. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.23.2) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 10.19.3+ ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under TMC the metals company Inc. 2021 Incentive Equity Plan ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.23.3) ​ 9/15/2021 ​ 001-39281 10.20.1+ ​ DeepGreen Metals Inc. Stock Option Plan and form of Stock Option Agreement thereunder ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.20) ​ 5/27/2021 ​ 333-255118 179 Table of Contents 10.20.2+ ​ Amendment to DeepGreen Metals Inc. Stock Option Plan ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.21) ​ 5/27/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.21+ ​ TMC the metals company Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ​ ​ ​ Form S-8 (Exhibit 99.1) ​ 5/31/2022 ​ 333-265318 10.22 ​ Form of Subscription Agreement for institutional investors, by and between Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corp. and the subscriber parties thereto ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 8/5/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.23 ​ Form of Subscription Agreement for accredited investors, by and between Sustainable Opportunities Acquisition Corp. and the subscriber parties thereto ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 10.2) ​ 8/5/2021 ​ 333-255118 10.24 ​ Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 12, 2022, by and among the Company and the Purchasers named therein. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 8/15/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.25 ​ Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 12, 2022, by and among the Company and Gerard Barron. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.2) ​ 8/15/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.26 ​ Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 12, 2022, by and among the Company and ERAS Capital LLC. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.3) ​ 8/15/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.27 ​ Non-Binding Memorandum of Understanding, dated March 14, 2022, by and between TMC the metals company Inc. and Epsilon Carbon Pvt. LTD. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 3/17/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.28 ​ At-The-Market Equity Distribution Agreement, dated December 22, 2022, by and among TMC the metals company Inc., Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Wedbush Securities Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 12/22/2022 ​ 001-39281 10.29† ​ Royalty Agreement dated February 21, 2023 by and among TMC the metals company Inc., Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. and Low Carbon Royalties Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.1) ​ 2/22/2023 ​ 001-39281 10.30† ​ Investor Rights Agreement dated February 21, 2023 by and among TMC the metals company Inc., Brian Paes-Braga and Low Carbon Royalties Inc. ​ ​ ​ Form 8-K (Exhibit 10.2) ​ 2/22/2023 ​ 001-39281 10.31 ​ Unsecured Credit Facility, dated March 22, 2023, by and between TMC the metals company Inc. and Argentum Credit Virtuti GCV ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 21.1 ​ List of Subsidiaries ​ ​ Form S-1 (Exhibit 21.1) ​ 10/27/2021 ​ 333-260126 23.1 ​ Consent of Ernst & Young LLP ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31.1 ​ Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31.2 ​ Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 32* ​ Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 96.1 ​ Technical Report Summary — Initial Assessment of the NORI Property, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, for Deep Green Metals Inc., effective as of March 17, 2021, by AMC Consultants Pty Ltd and other qualified persons. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 96.1) ​ ​ 8/5/2021 ​ 333-255118 180 Table of Contents 96.2 ​ Technical Report Summary — Initial Assessment of the TOML Mineral Resource, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, for Deep Green Metals Inc., effective as of March 26, 2021, by AMC Consultants Pty Ltd and other qualified persons. ​ ​ ​ Form S-4/A (Exhibit 96.2) ​ ​ 8/5/2021 ​ 333-255118 101.INS ​ Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101.SCH ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101.CAL ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101.DEF ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101.LAB ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 101.PRE ​ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 104 ​ Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) ​ X ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ † Certain confidential portions of this Exhibit were omitted by means of marking such portions with brackets (“[***]”) because the identified confidential portions (i) are not material and (ii) is the type of information that the Company treats as private or confidential. †† Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request. + Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. * The certifications attached as Exhibit 32 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of TMC the metals company Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of such Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY Not applicable. ​ 181 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized . ​ ​ ​ TMC THE METALS COMPANY INC. ​ ​ Date: March 27, 2023 By: /s/ Gerard Barron ​ ​ Gerard Barron ​ ​ Chief Executive Officer ​ Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated below and on the dates indicated. ​ ​ ​ Signatures Title Date ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Gerard Barron ​ Chief Executive Officer and Chairman ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Gerard Barron ​ (principal executive officer) and Director ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Craig Shesky ​ Chief Financial Officer ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Craig Shesky ​ (principal financial and accounting officer) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: ​ ​ Director ​ ​ ​ Andrew Greig ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Christian Madsbjerg ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Christian Madsbjerg ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Andrew Hall ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Andrew Hall ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Sheila Khama ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Sheila Khama ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Andrei Karkar ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Andrei Karkar ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Kathleen McAllister ​ Director ​ March 27, 2023 ​ Kathleen McAllister ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 182