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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2024-11-07 compared with 2024-08-14 · 193 added, 93 removed, 132 unchanged (68% of the section changed)

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This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” in this Form 10-Q and “Risk Factors” in our Information Statement.

SUNS is a Maryland corporation that was formed on August 28, 2023, that intends to elect to be treated as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes and that made its first investment in January 2024.

As of June 30, 2024, SUNS was led by the management team and external manager of AFC Gamma.

Following the Spin-Off, it is led by a veteran team of commercial real estate investment professionals and its external manager, Sunrise Manager LLC, to provide capital solutions to commercial real estate markets in the Southern United States.

SUNS is a Maryland corporation that was formed on August 28, 2023, that intends to elect to be treated as a real estate investment trust for U.S.

federal income tax purposes and that made its first investment in January 2024.

We are led by a veteran team of commercial real estate investment professionals and our external manager, Sunrise Manager LLC.

We conduct our business through our parent company, Sunrise Realty Trust, Inc., and several subsidiaries.

We consolidate all of our subsidiaries under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

We are an institutional lender that provides debt capital solutions to CRE markets in the Southern United States.

SUNS’ focus is on originating CRE debt investments and providing capital to high-quality borrowers and sponsors with transitional business plans collateralized by CRE assets with opportunities for near-term value creation, as well as recapitalization opportunities.

SUNS intends to create a diversified investment portfolio, targeting investments in senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, whole loans, B-notes, CMBS and debt-like preferred equity securities across CRE asset classes.

We intend for SUNS’ investment mix to include high quality residential, including multi-family, condominiums and single-family communities, retail, office, hospitality, industrial, mixed use and specialty-use real estate.

Our investment focus will include originating or acquiring loans backed by single assets or portfolios that typically have (i) an investment hold size of approximately $20-100 million, secured by CRE assets, including transitional or construction projects, across diverse property types, (ii) a duration of approximately 3-5 years, (iii) interest rates that are determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate (e.g., SOFR) plus a credit spread, (iv) a loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of no greater than approximately 75% on an individual investment basis and (v) no more than approximately 70% loan-to-value across the portfolio, in each case, at the time of origination or acquisition, and will be led by experienced borrowers and well-capitalized sponsors with high quality business plans.

Our loans will typically feature origination fees and/or exit fees.

Our investments will target mid-teens net internal rate of return (“IRR”).

Our anticipated leverage ratio will be 1:1 debt-to-equity.

On February 22, 2024, AFC Gamma announced a plan to separate into two independent, publicly traded companies— one focused on providing institutional loans to state law compliant cannabis operators in the United States, the other an institutional commercial real estate lender focused on the Southern United States.

On July 9, 2024, AFC Gamma completed the separation of its CRE portfolio through the spin-off of SUNS.

The Spin-Off was effected by the transfer of AFC Gamma’s CRE portfolio from AFC Gamma to SUNS and the distribution of all of the outstanding shares of SUNS Common Stock to all of AFC Gamma’s shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 8, 2024.

AFC Gamma’s shareholders of record as of the Record Date received one share of our Common Stock for every three shares of AFC Gamma common stock held as of the Record Date.

AFC Gamma retained no ownership interest in us following the Spin-Off.

Prior to the Spin-Off, AFC Gamma contributed approximately $115 million to us in connection with the Spin-Off, comprised of our loan portfolio and cash.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into several agreements with AFC Gamma that govern the relationship between us and AFC Gamma following the Spin-Off, including the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement.

These agreements provide for the allocation between AFC Gamma and SUNS of the assets, liabilities and obligations (including, among others, investments, property and tax-related assets and liabilities) of AFC Gamma and its subsidiaries attributable to periods prior to, at and after the Spin-Off.

SUNS intends to create a diversified investment portfolio, targeting investments in senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, B-notes, CMBS and debt-like preferred equity securities across CRE asset classes.

We intend for SUNS’ investment mix to include high quality residential, including multi-family, condominiums and single-family residential communities, retail, office, hospitality, industrial, mixed-use and specialty-use real estate.

Our investment focus includes originating or acquiring loans backed by single assets or portfolios of assets that typically have (i) an investment hold size of approximately $15-100 million, secured by CRE assets, including transitional or construction projects, across diverse property types, (ii) a duration of approximately 2-5 years, (iii) interest rates that are determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate (e.g., SOFR) plus a credit spread, (iv) a loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of no greater than approximately 75% on an individual investment basis and (v) no more than approximately 75% LTV across the portfolio, in each case, at the time of origination or acquisition, and are led by experienced borrowers and well-capitalized sponsors with high quality business plans.

Our loans typically feature origination fees and/or exit fees.

We target a portfolio net internal rate of return (“IRR”) in the low-teens, which we aim to be in the mid-teens after including total interest and other revenue from the portfolio, including loans funded from drawing on our leverage, net of our interest expense from our portfolio lenders.

We are also targeting a near- to mid-term target capitalization of one-third equity, one-third secured debt availability and one-third unsecured debt.

We do not expect to be fully drawn on our anticipated secured debt availability and, as a result, we are targeting an expected leverage ratio of 1.5:1 debt-to-equity.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period.

As a result, we will not be subject to the same implementation timing for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, which may make comparison of our financials to those of other public companies more difficult.

We could remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years from our initial public offering, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.

On February 22, 2024, AFC announced a plan to separate into two independent, publicly traded companies— one focused on providing institutional loans to state law compliant cannabis operators in the United States, the other an institutional commercial real estate lender focused on the Southern United States.

On July 9, 2024, AFC completed the separation of its CRE portfolio through the spin-off of SUNS.

The Spin-Off was effected by the transfer of AFC’s CRE portfolio from AFC to SUNS and the distribution of all of the outstanding shares of SUNS Common Stock to all of AFC’s shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 8, 2024.

AFC’s shareholders of record as of the Record Date received one share of our Common Stock for every three shares of AFC common stock held as of the Record Date.

AFC retained no ownership interest in us following the Spin-Off.

Prior to the Spin-Off, AFC contributed approximately $114.8 million to us in connection with the Spin-Off, comprised of our loan portfolio and cash.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into several agreements with AFC that govern the relationship between us and AFC following the Spin-Off, including the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement.

These agreements provide for the allocation between AFC and SUNS of the assets, liabilities and obligations (including, among others, investments, property and tax-related assets and liabilities) of AFC and its subsidiaries attributable to periods prior to, at and after the Spin-Off.

Moreover, concurrent with the completion of the Spin-Off on July 9, 2024, our management agreement with SUNS Manager became effective.

SUNS Manager also entered into an Administrative Services Agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with TCG Services LLC, an affiliate of the Manager and Leonard Tannenbaum, the Company’s Executive Chairman, and Robyn Tannenbaum, the Company’s President.

SUNS Manager also entered into (i) an Administrative Services Agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with TCG Services LLC, an affiliate of the Manager and Leonard Tannenbaum, the Company’s Executive Chairman, and Robyn Tannenbaum, the Company’s President, and (ii) a Services Agreement (the “Services Agreement”) with SRT Group LLC, an affiliate of SUNS Manager, Mr.

Tannenbaum, Mrs.

Tannenbaum, Mr.

Sedrish and Mr.

We adopted the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”).

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The description of the foregoing 2024 Plan is intended to provide a general description only, is subject to the detailed terms and conditions of, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of, the 2024 Plan, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.4, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Effective July 1, 2024, Jodi Hanson Bond and James Fagan resigned from AFCG’s Board of Directors and joined our Board of Directors.

Additionally, Alexander Frank was appointed as a director of SUNS and will remain a director of AFCG.

In addition, effective July 1, 2024, Leonard Tannenbaum was appointed Executive Chairman of SUNS (and will remain Executive Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of AFC Gamma) Brian Sedrish was appointed Chief Executive Officer, Brandon Hetzel was appointed Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of SUNS (and will remain the Chief Financial Officer of AFC Gamma), Robyn Tannenbaum was appointed President of SUNS (and will remain the President of AFC Gamma).

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred approximately $0.3 million and $0.6 million related to spin-off costs, which are recorded within professional fees in the unaudited interim statements of operations.

Developments During the Second Quarter June 30, 2024:

Updates to Our Loan Portfolio During the Second Quarter June 30, 2024

In May 2024, the Company and an affiliate of SUNS entered into an amendment to the existing secured mezzanine loan for the mixed-use property in Houston, Texas and purchased approximately $2.5 million of the senior loan, of which approximately $1.3 million has been funded by us and another $1.3 million has been funded by the affiliate.

The senior loan bears interest at an annual rate of SOFR plus a 3.48% spread, subject to a SOFR floor of 4.00%, and matures on November 30, 2024.

The amendment to the secured mezzanine loan, among other things, (1) extended the maturity date to November 30, 2024 and (2) replenished the interest reserves held by the administrative agent on the loan in an amount of approximately $9.6 million, for the payment of interest and other costs and expenses.

Spin-Off Expenses

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we incurred approximately $0.3 million in expenses related to spin-off costs, which are recorded within professional fees in the unaudited interim statements of operations.

Recent Developments

Effective July 1, 2024, Jodi Hanson Bond and James Fagan resigned from AFC’s Board of Directors and joined our Board of Directors.

Additionally, Alexander Frank was appointed as a director of SUNS and remained a director of AFC.

In addition, effective July 1, 2024, Leonard Tannenbaum was appointed Executive Chairman of SUNS (and remained Executive Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of AFC) and Brian Sedrish was appointed Chief Executive Officer and director of SUNS.

Brandon Hetzel continues in his role as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of SUNS (and remains the Chief Financial Officer of AFC) and Robyn Tannenbaum continues in her role as President of SUNS (and remains the President of AFC).

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred approximately $0.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to Spin-Off costs, which are recorded within professional fees in the unaudited interim statements of operations.

Developments During the Third Quarter ended September 30, 2024:

Effective July 9, 2024, AFC completed the separation of its CRE portfolio through the spin-off of SUNS and we became an independent, publicly traded company, trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SUNS”.

See “—Spin-Off” above.

Updates to Our Loan Portfolio During the Third Quarter ended September 30, 2024

In August 2024, the Company and an affiliate of SUNS entered into amendments to the existing secured mezzanine and senior loan credit agreements for the mixed-use property in Houston, Texas.

The amendments, among other things, (i) extended the maturity date on both loans from November 2024 to February 2026, (ii) modified the senior loan interest rate from floating (3.48% plus SOFR, SOFR floor of 4.0%) to fixed 12.5% and (iii) included a $12.0 million upsize to the senior loan, of which we have commitments for $6.0 million and the affiliate co-investor has commitments for the rest.

In July 2024, SUNS and an affiliate of SUNS entered into a senior secured credit facility for a total aggregate commitment amount of approximately $35.2 million for the refinance of an active adult multi-family residential rental development in southwest Austin, Texas.

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The loan bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus 6.35%, with a rate index floor of 4.50%.

The is secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property and a security interest in all of the equity interests held by the borrower.

The loan is secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property and a security interest in all of the equity interests held by the borrower.

The proceeds of the credit facility will be used to, among other things, fund the completion of reserves and refinance existing debt.

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The loans are each secured by senior first mortgage lien on the property and a security interest in all of the equity interests held by the borrower.

Brian Sedrish was appointed as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), effective July 1, 2024.

In connection with his recent appointment as CEO, we granted Mr.

Sedrish 36,363 shares of restricted stock, which vest over a three-year period with approximately 33% vesting on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of July 9, 2024.

In August 2024, we declared a partial quarter cash dividend of $0.21 per common share for the quarter ending September 30, 2024, which will be paid on October 15, 2024 to shareholders of record as of September 30, 2024, and a regular cash dividend of $0.42 per common share for the quarter ending December 31, 2024, which will be paid on January 15, 2025 to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2024.

Effective July 9, 2024, AFC Gamma completed the separation of its CRE portfolio through the spin-off of SUNS and we became an independent, publicly traded company, trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SUNS”.

See “—Spin-Off” above.

Revolving Credit Facility

In September 2024, we entered into the SRT Revolving Credit Facility.

The SRT Revolving Credit Facility provides for a $50.0 million commitment, which may be borrowed, repaid and redrawn, subject to a draw fee and the other conditions provided in the Credit Agreement.

Interest is payable on the SRT Revolving Credit Facility at 1-month SOFR (subject to a 3.0% floor) plus a margin of 2.75% (7.60% at September 30, 2024 ), with a maturity date of December 31, 2025.

The SRT Revolving Credit Facility was terminated on November 6, 2024.

Dividends Declared Per Share

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we declared the following cash dividends:

Date Declared Payable to Shareholders of Record at the Close of Business on Payment Date Amount per Share Total Amount

August 14, 2024 September 30, 2024 October 15, 2024 $ 0.21 $ 1.5 million

August 14, 2024 December 31, 2024 January 15, 2025 0.42 2.9 million

2024 Period Subtotal

$ 0.63 $ 4.4 million

Recent Developments

In November 2024, SUNS and affiliated co-investors entered into a whole loan (the “Whole Loan”) consisting of an aggregate of $96.0 million in loan commitments.

The property securing the loan is a development site and related condominium project located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

The proceeds are expected to be used to commence and facilitate construction.

We committed a total of $30.0 million and affiliated co-investors committed $60.0 million, with the remaining $6.0 committed by an unaffiliated investor (the “Originating Lender”).

At closing, we funded approximately $3.6 million and the affiliated co-investors funded approximately $7.2 million and the Originating Lender funded approximately $0.7 million.

The Whole Loan is split into a Senior Loan and Mezzanine Loan, each with two A-Notes ($62.4 million of the total commitment amount) and two B-Notes ($33.6 million of the total commitment amount, of which $6.0 million was committed by the Originating Lender).

The A-Notes bear interest at a rate of SOFR plus 4.75%, with a rate index floor of 4.75%.

The B-Notes bear interest at a rate of SOFR plus 11.00%, with a rate index floor of 4.75%.

The A-Notes and B-Notes were issued at a discount of 1.0% and mature in 26 months, subject to two, six-month extension options.

On November 6, 2024, we entered into the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”) by and among us, the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”), and East West Bank, as Agent, Joint Lead Arranger, Joint Book Runner, Co-Syndication Agent and Co-Documentation Agent.

The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with $50.0 million in initial aggregate commitments, which may be borrowed, repaid and redrawn, subject to a borrowing base based on eligible loan obligations held by the Company and subject to the satisfaction of other conditions provided in the Revolving Credit Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, the amount of total commitments may be increased to up to $200.0 million in aggregate, subject to available borrowing base and lenders’ willingness to provide additional commitments.

The Revolving Credit Facility has a maturity date of November 8, 2027.

Interest is payable on the Revolving Credit Facility in cash in arrears at the rate per annum of SOFR plus 2.75%, with a SOFR floor of 2.63%;

provided, however, that the interest rate will increase by an additional 0.25% during any Increase Rate Month (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement).

We are required to pay certain fees to the agent and the lenders under the Revolving Credit Agreement, including a $75,000 agent fee payable to the agent and an 0.25% per annum loan fee payable ratably to the lenders, in each case, payable on the closing date and on the annual anniversary thereafter.

Commencing on the six-month anniversary of the closing date, the Revolving Credit Facility has an unused line fee of 0.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears.

Based on the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, the unused line fee is waived if our average cash balance exceeds the minimum balance required per the Revolving Credit Agreement.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur liens, incur indebtedness, make certain restricted payments, merger or consolidate or make dispositions of assets.

In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to certain financial covenants, including a liquidity and debt service coverage ratio covenant.

The Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed by certain material subsidiaries of the Company and is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and certain of its material subsidiaries;

provided that upon the meeting of certain conditions, the facility will be secured only by certain assets of the Company comprising of or relating to loan obligations designed for inclusion in the borrowing base.

The description above is only a summary of the material provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Revolving Credit Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.7 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated by reference herein.

On November 6, 2024, in conjunction with the entry by the Company into the Revolving Credit Facility, we terminated the unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated September 26, 2024, by and between us, as borrower, and SRT Finance LLC, as agent and lender.

Upon execution of the Revolving Credit Facility, the lenders’ commitments under the Credit Agreement were terminated and the liability of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to their obligations under the Credit Agreement was discharged.

Relationships

Certain of the lenders and their affiliates may in the future engage in investment banking, commercial banking and other financial advisory and commercial dealings with the Company and its affiliates.

Key Financial Measures and Indicators

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Our management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures and the information they provide are useful to investors since these measures permit investors and shareholders to assess the overall performance of our business using the same tools that our management uses to evaluate our past performance and prospects for future performance.

The determination of Distributable Earnings is substantially similar to the determination of Core Earnings under our Management Agreement, provided that Core Earnings is a component of the calculation of any Incentive Compensation earned under the Management Agreement for the applicable time period, and thus, Core Earnings is calculated without giving effect to Incentive Compensation expense, while the calculation of Distributable Earnings accounts for any Incentive Compensation earned for such time period.

Thus, Core Earnings is calculated without giving effect to Incentive Compensation expense, while the calculation of Distributable Earnings accounts for any Incentive Compensation earned for such time period.

We define Distributable Earnings as, for a specified period, the net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding (i) stock-based compensation expense, (ii) depreciation and amortization, (iii) any unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) for the period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income (loss);

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As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, and to pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of such taxable income.

Given these requirements and our belief that dividends are generally one of the principal reasons that shareholders invest in our Common Stock, we generally intend to attempt to pay dividends to our shareholders in an amount at least equal to such REIT taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our Board.

Distributable Earnings is one of many factors considered by our Board in authorizing dividends and, while not a direct measure of net taxable income, over time, the measure can be considered a useful indicator of our dividends.

Distributable Earnings is one of many factors considered by our Board of Directors in authorizing dividends and, while not a direct measure of net taxable income, over time, the measure can be considered a useful indicator of our dividends.

Distributable Earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered as a substitute for GAAP net income.

We caution readers that our methodology for calculating Distributable Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and as a result, our reported Distributable Earnings may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other REITs.

The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP net (loss) income to Distributable Earnings:

The following table provides a reconciliation of GAAP net income to Distributable Earnings:

Three months ended

June 30, 2024 Six months ended

June 30, 2024

September 30, Period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, Nine months ended

September 30, Period from August 28, 2023 to September 30,

2024 2023 2024 2023

Net income $ 1,738,363 $ 7,767 $ 5,014,451 $ 7,767

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Unrealized (gains) losses, or other non-cash items — — — —

Increase (decrease) in provision for current expected credit losses 71,854 71,854

(Decrease) increase in provision for current expected credit losses (47,527) — 24,327 —

TRS (income) loss — — — —

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Distributable earnings $ 1,850,975 $ 7,767 $ 5,198,917 $ 7,767

Basic weighted average shares of common stock outstanding (in shares) 6,889,032 6,889,032

Basic weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 6,800,500 6,889,032 6,800,500 6,889,032

Distributable earnings per basic weighted average share $ 0.27 $ 0.00 $ 0.76 $ 0.00

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We believe that book value per share is helpful to shareholders in evaluating our growth as we scale our equity capital base and continue to invest in our target investments.

The book value per share of our Common Stock as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $7.10 and $4.53, respectively, on a post-split share basis.

The book value per share of our Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $16.19 and $4.53, respectively, on a post-split share basis.

The September 30, 2024 book value per share of our Common Stock includes a reduction in book value due to the declaration of the fourth quarter dividend, declared on August 14, 2024.

The book value per share of our Common Stock as of September 30, 2024 would have been $16.61, absent the declaration of the fourth quarter dividend.

Factors Impacting our Operating Results

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Our operating results may also be impacted by credit losses in excess of initial anticipations or unanticipated credit events experienced by our borrowers.

Results of Operations f or the three and six months ended June 30, 2024

Since we were formed on August 28, 2023, we do not have results of operations reported for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023;

and therefore, have no period to compare results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Our net income allocable to our common shareholders for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was approximately $1.5 million, or $0.22 per basic weighted average common share.

Net income was comprised of interest income earned of approximately $2.0 million.

Operating expenses were approximately $0.4 million, mainly relating to approximately $0.3 million in spin-off costs incurred, which are recorded within professional fees in the unaudited interim statements of operations.

Our net income allocable to our common shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2024, was approximately $3.3 million, or $0.48 per basic weighted average common share.

Net income was comprised of interest income earned of approximately $4.0 million.

Operating expenses were approximately $0.7 million, mainly relating to approximately $0.6 million in spin-off costs incurred, which are recorded within professional fees in the unaudited interim statements of operations.

Results of Operations f or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024

We were formed on August 28, 2023 with limited operational activity during the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023.

We did not make our first investment until January 2024;

and therefore, have no period to compare results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Our net income allocable to our common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was approximately $1.7 million, or $0.26 per basic weighted average common share.

Net interest income was comprised of interest income earned of approximately $3.2 million, net of interest expense of approximately $(43.2) thousand.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, operating expenses were approximately $1.5 million, mainly relating to approximately $0.6 million in general and administrative expenses, $0.3 million in professional fees and $0.4 million in management fees.

Concurrent with the completion of the Spin-Off on July 9, 2024, our Management Agreement with SUNS Manager became effective.

As a result of this agreement, SUNS management fee was approximately $0.4 million and no incentive fee was incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Reimbursable shared expenses under the Management Agreement were approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Other costs within professional fees related to legal, audit, and board of director fees.

Our net income allocable to our common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was approximately $5.0 million, or $0.74 per basic weighted average common share.

Net interest income was comprised of interest income earned of approximately $7.2 million, net of interest expense of approximately $(43.2) thousand.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, operating expenses were approximately $2.1 million, mainly relating to approximately $0.6 million in general and administrative expenses, $1.0 million in professional fees and $0.4 million in management fees.

As a result of our Management Agreement with SUNS Manager, SUNS management fee was approximately $0.4 million and no incentive fee was incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Reimbursable shared expenses under the Management Agreement were approximately $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Professional fees included approximately $0.6 million in spin-off costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Other costs within professional fees related to legal, audit, and board of director fees.

Stock-based compensation was approximately $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by restricted stock awards granted and restricted stock awards converted as part of the Spin-Off.

Provision for Current Expected Credit Losses

The (increase) decrease in provision for current expected credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was approximately $(71.9) thousand and $(71.9) thousand, respectively.

The current expected credit loss reserve balance as of June 30, 2024 was approximatel y $71.9 thousand, or 0.19%, of our total loans held at carrying value balance of approximately $37.6 million and was bifurcated between (i) the current expected credit loss reserve (contra-asset) related to outstanding balances on loans held at carrying value of approximately $37.4 thousand and (ii) a liability for unfunded commitments of approximately $34.4 thousand .

The decrease (increase) in provision for current expected credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $47.5 thousand and $(24.3) thousand, respectively.

The CECL Reserve balance as of September 30, 2024 was approximatel y $24.3 thousand, or 0.03%, of our total loans held at carrying value balance of approximately $96.4 million and was bifurcated between (i) the current expected credit loss reserve (contra-asset) related to outstanding balances on loans held at carrying value of zero and (ii) a liability for unfunded commitments of approximately $24.3 thousand .

The liability is based on the unfunded portion of loan commitments over the full contractual period over which we are exposed to credit risk through a current obligation to extend credit.

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Loan Portfolio

The below table summarizes our total loan portfolio as of June 30, 2024, unless otherwise specified.

Description Original Funding Date Loan Maturity Current Commitments as of 6/30/2024 % of Total SUNS Principal Balance as of 6/30/2024 Cash Interest Rate Fixed/

Floating YTM (1)

Mixed-use senior mortgage loan (Houston, TX) (2)

1/4/2024 11/30/2024 $ 16,209,825 36.5% $ 16,209,825 20.0% Floating 24%

Residential subordinate debt (Sarasota, FL) 1/31/2024 5/12/2027 28,188,775 63.5% 21,630,051 13.0% Fixed 14%

The table below summarizes our total loan portfolio as of September 30, 2024, unless otherwise specified.

Loan Type Location Original Funding Date Loan Maturity Current Commitments as of 9/30/2024 % of Total SUNS Principal Balance as of 9/30/2024 Cash Interest Rate Fixed/

Floating Amortization During Term YTM (1)

Senior mortgage loans:

Mixed-use Houston, TX (2)

1/4/2024 2/26/2026 $ 11,994,037 9.8% $ 10,629,036 16.5% Floating No 20%

Residential Austin, TX 7/3/2024 7/3/2027 14,087,288 11.6% 12,079,636 9.1% Floating No 10%

Hospitality San Antonio, TX 7/31/2024 8/9/2027 27,300,000 22.5% 25,342,611 11.2% Floating No 13%

Residential PBG, FL (3)

8/5/2024 9/1/2027 21,250,000 17.5% 18,262,152 13.1% Floating No 13%

Residential PBG, FL (3)

8/5/2024 9/1/2027 18,750,000 15.4% 8,866,115 11.1% Floating No 12%

Subordinate debt:

Residential Sarasota, FL 1/31/2024 5/12/2027 28,188,776 23.2% 22,367,562 13.0% Fixed No 14%

$ 121,570,101 100.0% $ 97,547,112 12.3% 13%

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Estimated YTM is based on current management estimates and assumptions, which may change.

Estimated YTM is calculated using the interest rate as of June 30, 2024 applied through maturity.

Estimated YTM is calculated using the interest rate as of September 30, 2024 applied through maturity.

Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

(2) Cash interest rate represents a blended rate of differing cash interest rates applicable to each of the senior and subordinate loans to which the Company is a lender under the credit agreements.

The subordinate loan component bears interest at a base interest rate of 15.31% plus SOFR (SOFR floor of 2.42%) and the senior loan component bears interest at a base interest rate of 12.50%.

(3) This loan is structured as a senior term loan and home construction revolver, of which the proceeds will be used to fund varying development projects.

Under each credit facility, the borrower is able to re-draw funds after repayment through maturity.

(4) The interest subtotal rate is a weighted average rate.

Loans Held for Investment at Carrying Value

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our portfolio included two and zero loans held at carrying value, respectively.

The aggregate originated commitment under these loans was approximately $57.7 million and zero, respectively, and outstanding principal was approximately $37.8 million and zero, respectively, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 .

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 , we funded approximately $51.1 million of new loans and additional principal and had approximately $13.3 million of principal repayments of loans held at carrying value.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximately 43% and zero , respectively, of our loans held at carrying value had floating interest rates.

As of June 30, 2024, t hese floating benchmark rates included one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) subject to a floor of 4.0% and quoted at 5.3%.

The following tables summarize our loans held at carrying value as of June 30, 2024:

As of June 30, 2024

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our portfolio included six and zero loans held at carrying value, respectively.

The aggregate originated commitment under these loans was approximately $121.6 million and zero, respectively, and outstanding principal was approximately $97.5 million and zero, respectively, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 .

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 , we funded approximately $122.5 million of new loans and additional principal and had approximately $24.9 million of principal repayments of loans held at carrying value.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximately 72% and zero , respectively, of our loans held at carrying value had floating interest rates.

As of September 30, 2024, t hese floating benchmark rates included one-month SOFR subject to a weighted average floor of 4.2% and quoted at 4.8%.

The following tables summarize our loans held at carrying value as of September 30, 2024:

As of September 30, 2024

Principal (1)

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(1) The difference between the Carrying Value and the Outstanding Principal amount of the loans consists of unaccreted OID and loan origination costs.

(2) Weighted average remaining life is calculated based on the carrying value of each respective group of loans as of June 30, 2024.

(2) Weighted average remaining life is calculated based on the carrying value of each respective group of loans as of September 30, 2024.

(3) Senior mortgage loans include senior loans that also have a contiguous subordinate loan because as a whole, the expected credit quality of the subordinate loan is more similar to that of a senior loan.

The following table presents changes in loans held at carrying value as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024:

The following table presents changes in loans held at carrying value as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Principal Original Issue

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New fundings 120,031,341 (1,255,761) 118,775,580

Funded interest 2,428,444 — 2,428,444

Accretion of original issue discount — 114,395 114,395

Loan repayments (24,912,673) — (24,912,673)

Total loans held at carrying value at June 30, 2024 $ 37,839,876 $ (246,652) $ 37,593,224

Total loans held at carrying value at September 30, 2024 $ 97,547,112 $ (1,141,366) $ 96,405,746

Collateral Overview

Our loans are secured by various types of assets of our borrowers, including real property and certain personal property and other assets to the extent permitted by applicable laws and the regulations governing our borrowers.

Our debt investments will primarily be secured by real estate assets that are expected to be diversified across asset classes, including high quality residential, including multi-family, condominiums and single-family communities, retail, office, hospitality, industrial, mixed use and specialty-use real estate.

Our debt investments will primarily be secured by real estate assets that are expected to be diversified across asset classes, including high quality residential, including multi-family, condominiums and single-family residential communities, retail, office, hospitality, industrial, mixed-use and specialty-use real estate.

Upon default of a loan, we may seek to sell the loan to a third party or have an affiliate or a third party work with the borrower to have the borrower sell collateral securing the loan to a third party or institute a foreclosure proceeding to have such collateral sold, in each case, to generate funds towards the payoff of the loan.

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The sources of financing for our target investments are described below.

Our primary sources of cash generally consist of net proceeds of future debt or equity offerings, payments of principal and interest we receive on our portfolio of assets and cash generated from our operating results.

We are negotiating a revolving credit facility with a commercial bank and intend to raise future equity capital and issue debt securities.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all of our cash was unrestricted and totaled approximately $11.3 million and $31.2 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024, we believe that our cash on hand and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy the operating requirements of our business through at least the next twelve months.

As of the completion of the Spin-Off on July 9, 2024, we had estimated cash and cash equivalents of approximately $67.9 million.

Our primary sources of cash generally consist of net proceeds of future debt or equity offerings, debt financing, including borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, payments of principal and interest we receive on our portfolio of assets and cash generated from our operating results.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all of our cash was unrestricted and totaled approximately $70.2 million and $31.2 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, we believe that our cash on hand, capacity available under our Revolving Credit Facility and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy the operating requirements of our business through at least the next twelve months.

Capital Markets

Given the nature of our business, we constantly explore both the public and private capital markets to raise capital, subject to market and other considerations.

We intend to raise future equity capital and issue debt securities in order to fund our future investments in loans.

Revolving Credit Facility

On September 26, 2024, we entered into the SRT Revolving Credit Facility with a $50.0 million commitment, which may be borrowed, repaid and redrawn, subject to a draw fee and the other conditions provided in the Credit Agreement.

Interest is payable on the SRT Revolving Credit Facility at 1-month SOFR (subject to a 3.0% floor) plus a margin of 2.75% (7.60% at September 30, 2024 ), with a maturity date of December 31, 2025.

We did not incur any fees or costs related to the origination of the SRT Revolving Credit Facility, and the SRT Revolving Credit Facility does not have any unused fees.

As of September 30, 2024 , we drew on the full amount of the Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $50.0 million in outstanding borrowings and zero available for borrowing.

The borrowings were subsequently repaid on October 1, 2024.

The SRT Revolving Credit Facility was terminated on November 6, 2024.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains aggregate commitments of $50.0 million, with a maturity date of November 8, 2027, which may be borrowed, repaid and redrawn (subject to a borrowing base based on eligible loan obligations held by us and subject to the satisfaction of o ther conditions provided under the Revolving Credit Facility).

Interest is payable on the Revolving Credit Facility at the rate per annum of SOFR plus 2.75%, with a SOFR floor of 2.63%;

provided, however, that the interest rate will increase by an additional 0.25% during any Increase Rate Month (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement).

The Company is required to pay certain fees to the agent and the lenders under the Revolving Credit Agreement, including a $75,000 agent fee payable to the agent and an 0.25% per annum loan fee payable ratably to the lenders, in each case, payable on the closing date and on the annual anniversary thereafter.

Commencing on the six-month anniversary of the closing date, the Revolving Credit Facility has an unused line fee of 0.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears.

Based on the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, the unused line fee is waived if our average cash balance exceeds the minimum balance required per the Revolving Credit Agreement.

The amount of total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be increased to up to $200.0 million in aggregate, subject to available borrowing base and lenders’ willingness to provide additional commitments.

The Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed by certain material subsidiaries of the Company and is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and certain of its material subsidiaries;

In addition, the Company is subject to various financial and other covenants, including a liquidity and debt service coverage ratio covenant.

Other Credit Facilities, Warehouse Facilities and Repurchase Agreements

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These financings may be collateralized or non-collateralized and may involve one or more lenders.

We expect that these facilities will typically have maturities ranging from three to five years and may accrue interest at either fixed or floating rates.

The following table sets forth changes in cash and cash equivalents for the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Six months ended June 30, 2024

Net income $ 3,276,088

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities and changes in operating assets and liabilities (77,676)

We expect that these facilities will typically have maturities ranging from two to five years and may accrue interest at either fixed or floating rates.

The following table sets forth changes in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and during the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023 :

Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 2,685,307 $ 7,767

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Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was approximately $3.2 million, driven by net income of approximately $3.3 million, partially offset by changes in net working capital.

The most significant items in working capital were changes in accounts payable and other liabilities of approximately $0.5 million due to the increase in accrual for spin-off costs incurred and changes in interest receivable of approximately $(0.6) million due to the addition of two loans to the portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was approximately $(37.6) million, driven by an increase in issuance and fundings on loans of approximately $(50.8) million, partially offset by an increase in principal repayments of loans of approximately $13.3 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $2.7 million, compared to approximately $7.8 thousand for the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023.

The increase of approximately $2.7 million during the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in net income of approximately $5.0 million, partially offset by changes in net working capital.

The most significant items in working capital were an increase in non-cash interest income capitalized of $(2.4) million, an increase in interest receivable of approximately $(1.0) million, increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of approximately $(0.3) million, partially offset by an increase in accrued management and incentive fees of $0.4 million, increase in accrued direct administrative expenses of $0.5 million and increase in accounts payable and other liabilities of approximately $0.3 million.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $(93.9) million, compared to zero for the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023.

The decrease of approximately $(93.9) million was primarily due to an increase in issuance and fundings on loans of approximately $(118.8) million, partially offset by an increase in principal repayments of loans of approximately $24.9 million.

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was approximately $14.4 million, consisting of net transfers from AFC Gamma.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $130.1 million, compared to $21.0 million for the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023.

The increase of approximately $109.1 million during the period from August 28, 2023 to September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in net transfers and distributions from our Former Parent of approximately $59.1 million and an increase of $50.0 million in borrowings on the revolving credit facility.

Contractual Obligations, Other Commitments, and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2024 are as follows:

As of June 30, 2024

Our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:

As of September 30, 2024

1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than

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Total $ — $ 24,022,989 $ — $ — $ 24,022,989

As of June 30, 2024 , all unfunded commitments were related to our total loan commitments and were available for funding in less than three years.

As of September 30, 2024 , all unfunded commitments were related to our total loan commitments and were available for funding in less than three years.

We may enter into certain contracts that may contain a variety of indemnification obligations.

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Further, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into any commitment to provide, nor do we intend to provide, additional funding to any such entities.

We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for U.S.

federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2024, and, as such, intend to annually distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, prior to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding our net capital gain.

If we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income in any tax year (taking into account any distributions made in a subsequent tax year under Sections 857(b)(9) or 858 of the Code), we will pay tax at regular corporate rates on that undistributed portion.

Furthermore, if we distribute less than the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for the calendar year, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income for the calendar year and (iii) any undistributed shortfall from our prior calendar year (the “Required Distribution”) to our shareholders during any calendar year (including any distributions declared by the last day of the calendar year but paid in the subsequent year), then we are required to pay non-deductible excise tax equal to 4% of any shortfall between the Required Distribution and the amount that was actually distributed.

Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

The 90% distribution requirement does not require the distribution of net capital gains.

However, if we elect to retain any of our net capital gain for any tax year, we must notify our shareholders and pay tax at regular corporate rates on the retained net capital gain.

The shareholders must include their proportionate share of the retained net capital gain in their taxable income for the tax year, and they are deemed to have paid the REIT’s tax on their proportionate share of the retained capital gain.

Furthermore, such retained capital gain may be subject to the nondeductible 4% excise tax.

If we determine that our estimated current year taxable income (including net capital gain) will be in excess of estimated dividend distributions (including capital gains dividends) for the current year from such income, we will accrue excise tax on a portion of the estimated excess taxable income as such taxable income is earned.

To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than the amount required to be distributed under the REIT provisions of the Code, we may be required to fund distributions from working capital or through equity, equity-related or debt financings or, in certain circumstances, asset sales, as to which our ability to consummate transactions in a timely manner on favorable terms, or at all, cannot be assured, or we may make a portion of the Required Distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis