Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. In addition, unless expressly stated otherwise, the comparisons presented in this MD&A refer to the same period in the prior year. Our MD&A is presented in seven sections:
● Overview
● Investment Activity
● Results of Operations
● Financial Condition
● Critical Accounting Estimates
● Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
● Forward Looking Statements
OVERVIEW
Mill City Ventures III, Ltd. was incorporated in the State of Minnesota on January 10, 2006. In this report, we generally refer to Mill City Ventures III, Ltd. in the first person “we.” On occasion, we refer to our company in the third person as “Mill City Ventures” or the “company.”
The principal specialty finance solutions we provide are high-interest short-term lending arrangements. On occasion, these lending arrangements involve us obtaining collateral as security for the borrower’s repayment of funds to us. In some circles, short-term high-interest collateralized lending is referred to as “hard-money lending.”
We believe we are generally able to charge high interest for our specialty finance solutions because (i) banks and other traditional providers of credit may have neither the expertise nor the infrastructure needed to evaluate creditworthiness and risks in a timeframe suitable for a potential borrower, preferring instead to process transactions and structures that present few novel issues or risks; and (ii) we will often be able to devote time and attention to transactions involving a smaller dollar amount than an institutional lender will view as worthwhile. These beliefs essentially explain why we refer to our business as “specialty finance”— financing that may involve structures that are unique, creative, and often bespoke; and that may involve dollar amounts that are not suitable for institutional lenders.
We generally provide specialty finance solutions that are short-term in nature. By this, we mean lending arrangements that mature or come due within nine months of the lending date. We view the provision of short-term finance as desirable for two principal reasons. First, short-term lending requires a potential borrower to identify for us a near-term source of repayment for the funds they borrow from us. This permits us to evaluate that source of repayment clearly and carefully, thus helping identify the potential risks involved in a particular transaction and how we may be able to include structural terms that mitigate these risks. Second, short-term lending permits us to avail ourselves of a court-recognized exception for treating promissory notes (evidencing a loan) as “investment securities” under federal securities law. In sum, this exception generally applies to promissory notes with short-term maturities of nine months. Our ability to avail ourselves of this exception, and to more generally structure our transactions in such a way as to avoid them being properly considered as “investment securities” under federal securities laws, is important to our ability to avoid once again becoming subject to regulation under the 1940 Act.
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Examples of the kinds of the specialty finance solutions we have considered or provided to date, and may continue to provide in the future, include:
● Short-term secured loans for real estate development
● Short-term unsecured loans (with an option to acquire collateral security) to a business
● Short-term secured loans to a business for operating capital
● Short-term secured loans to an individual owed a forthcoming tax refund
We intend to remain opportunistic, however, and may engage in transactions that involve other rights (such as stock, warrants or other equity-linked investments) or that are structured differently or uniquely.
Our principal sources of income are interest, dividends and other fees associated with lending such as origination fees, closing fees or exit fees. We may also receive reimbursement of legal costs associated with loan documentation. Our statement of operations also reflect increases and decreases in the carrying value of our asset and investments (i.e., unrealized appreciation and depreciation). Our principal expenses relate to operating expenses, the largest components of which are generally professional fees, payroll, occupancy, and insurance expenses.
Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as well as our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K and other publicly available information. All amounts herein are unaudited. In addition, the discussion of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in the context of this overview. Furthermore, we are including a full description of our business in this report.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we made $18,133,352 of investments and had $16,363,964 of sales and repayments, resulting in net investments at amortized cost of $10,562,451 at the end of the period.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we made $7,655,802 of investments and had $1,858,011of sales and repayments, resulting in net investments at amortized cost of $8,309,325 at the end of the period.
Our investment composition by major class, based on fair value at September 30, 2021, was as follows:
Investments at
Percentage of
Fair Value
Fair Value
Short-term Non-banking Loans
$
9,635,333
87.1
%
Equity/Other
1,422,120
12.9
Total
$
11,057,453
100.0
%
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021 were as follows:
For the Three Months Ended
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
September 30,
2021
2020
2021
2020
Investment Income:
$
755,601
$
287,034
$
1,977,992
$
755,469
Operating Expenses:
(239,582)
(180,946)
(1,023,596)
(500,248)
Net Investment Gain
$
516,019
$
106,088
$
954,396
$
255,221
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Investment Income
We generate revenue primarily in the form of interest income and capital gains, if any, on the debt instruments we own. We may also generate revenue from dividends and capital gains on equity investments we make, if any, or on warrants or other equity interests that we may acquire. In some cases, the interest on our investments may accrue or be paid in the form of additional debt. The principal amount of the debt instruments, together with any accrued but unpaid interest thereon, will generally become due at the maturity date of those debt instruments. We may also generate revenue in the form of commitment, origination, structuring, diligence, or consulting fees. Any such fees will be recognized as earned.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our total investment income was $755,601 and $1,977,992, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, our total investment income was $287,034 and $755,469, respectively. The increase is due to the change in our business structure which now focuses on short-term non-bank lending. Our loan portfolio generates interest income, with an average rate on the loans of 27%.
Professional Fees
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we had $79,950 and $300,297 professional fees expense, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $58,719 and $133,016 professional fees expense, respectively. The increase is due to legal costs incurred to close on several new short-term banking loans. In 2020, we received a refund during the first quarter of $59,957 relating to certain audit expenses incurred during 2018 and 2019.
Net Realized Gain from Investments
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we had $6,474,137 and $16,363,964, respectively, of sales of investments, resulting in $289,138 and $3,818,737, respectively, of realized gains. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $665,187 and $1,858,011, respectively, of sales of investments, resulting in $335,440 and $535,164, respectively, of realized gains.
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on Investments
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our investments had $774,169 and $1,204,319 of unrealized depreciation, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, our investments had $141,816 and $104,411 of unrealized appreciation, respectively.
Changes in Net Assets from Operations
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a net increase in net assets from operations of $31,288 and $2,557,836, respectively. Based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our per-share net increase in net assets from operations was $0.00 and $0.24, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a net increase in net assets from operations of $583,344 and $894,796, respectively. Based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, our per-share net increase in net assets from operations was $0.05 and $0.08, respectively.
Cash Flows for the Nine months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
The level of cash flows used in or provided by operating activities is affected by the purchases of investments, redemptions and repayments of investments, among other factors. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $1,306,775. Cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily related to purchases of investments of $18,133,352, offset mostly by redemptions and repayments of investments totaling $16,363,964. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $5,788,000. Cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily related to purchases of investments of $7,655,802, offset mostly by redemptions and repayments of investments totaling $1,858,011.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
As of September 30, 2021, we had cash of $3,594,508, a decrease of $1,846,071 from December 31, 2020. The primary use of our existing funds and any funds raised in the future is expected to be for investments, cash distributions to our shareholders or for other general corporate purposes, including paying for operating expenses or debt service to the extent we borrow or issue senior securities. Pending investment, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt and loan securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
To the extent our Board of Directors determines in the future, based on our financial condition and capital market conditions, that additional capital would allow us to take advantage of additional investment opportunities, we may seek to raise additional equity capital or to engage in borrowing.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Critical accounting policies are those that require the application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often because of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods.
In preparing the financial statements, management will make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. In preparing the financial statements, management also will utilize available information, including our past history, industry standards and the current economic environment, among other factors, in forming its estimates and judgments, giving due consideration to materiality. Actual results will almost certainly differ from these estimates. In addition, other companies may utilize different estimates, which may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. As our expected operating results occur, we will describe additional critical accounting policies in the notes to our financial statements. Our most critical accounting policies relate to the valuation of our investments and revenue recognition. For more information, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we did not engage in any off-balance sheet arrangements as described in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements made in this section of our report are forward-looking statements based on our management’s current expectations for our company. These expectations involve assumptions and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, and can ordinarily be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar words. Important assumptions include our ability to identify and consummate new investments, achieve certain margins and levels of profitability, the availability of any needed additional capital, and the ability to maintain compliance with regulations applicable to us. Some of the forward-looking statements contained in this report relate to, and are based our current assumptions regarding, the following:
● our future operating results;
● the success of our investments;
● our relationships with third parties;
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● the dependence of our success on the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;
● the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
● our expected financings and investments;
● our regulatory structure and tax treatment;
● the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; and
● the timing of cash flows, if any, we receive from our investments.
The foregoing list is not exhaustive. For a more complete summary of the risks and uncertainties facing our company and its business and relating to our forward-looking statements, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2021 (related to our year ended December 31, 2020) and in particular the section thereof entitled “Risk Factors.” Because of the significant uncertainties inherent in forward-looking statements pertaining to our company, the inclusion of those statements should not be regarded as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that our objectives, plans, expectations or projections that are contained in this filing will be achieved in any specified time frame, if ever. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this filing. The forward-looking statements made in this report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made, and are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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