Senti Biosciences Holdings, Inc. 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 145 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 146 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 147 Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 147 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 149 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 151 144 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors Senti Biosciences, Inc.: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Senti Biosciences, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations, and has an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019. San Francisco, California March 22, 2023 145 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share and per share data) December 31, 2022 2021 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 57,621 $ 56,034 Accounts receivable 626 483 Short-term investments 40,942 — Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,390 3,676 Total current assets 102,579 60,193 Restricted cash 3,366 3,257 Property and equipment, net 56,136 12,368 Operating lease right-of-use assets 18,418 20,708 Other long-term assets 293 176 Total assets $ 180,792 $ 96,702 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Accounts payable $ 2,267 $ 5,187 Early exercise liability, current portion 135 626 Deferred revenue 799 1,656 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 12,864 5,331 Operating lease liabilities 1,988 1,743 Total current liabilities 18,053 14,543 Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion 35,103 20,988 Contingent earnout liability 227 — Early exercise liability, net of current portion 146 619 Deferred revenue, net of current portion — 176 Total liabilities 53,529 36,326 Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) Redeemable convertible preferred stock (A and B), $ 0.0001 par value; zero and 19,517,990 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; zero and 19,517,988 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; aggregate liquidation preference of zero and $ 163.8 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively — 171,833 Stockholders’ equity (deficit): Preferred stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 and zero shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; zero and zero shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively — — Common stock, $ 0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 and 27,006,600 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; 44,062,534 and 2,972,409 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 4 — Additional paid-in capital 300,544 3,619 Other comprehensive income 1 — Accumulated deficit ( 173,286 ) ( 115,076 ) Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) 127,263 ( 111,457 ) Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) $ 180,792 $ 96,702 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 146 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (in thousands, except share and per share data) Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Revenue Contract revenue $ 3,286 $ 2,291 Grant income 1,000 470 Total revenue 4,286 2,761 Operating expenses Research and development 34,067 21,957 General and administrative 40,848 21,250 Total operating expenses 74,915 43,207 Loss from operations ( 70,629 ) ( 40,446 ) Other income (expense) Interest income, net 1,701 11 Change in fair value of contingent earnout liability 9,461 — Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes 1,289 — Change in preferred stock tranche liability — ( 14,742 ) Loss on impairment of fixed assets — ( 22 ) Other income (expense) ( 32 ) ( 120 ) Total other income (expense), net 12,419 ( 14,873 ) Net loss ( 58,210 ) ( 55,319 ) Other comprehensive loss Unrealized gain on investments 1 — Comprehensive loss $ ( 58,209 ) $ ( 55,319 ) Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ ( 2.23 ) $ ( 19.00 ) Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted 26,110,785 2,912,275 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 147 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (in thousands, except share and per share data) Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Shares Amount Shares Amount Balance as of December 31, 2020 11,536,136 $ 89,662 2,838,376 $ — $ 1,044 $ — $ ( 59,757 ) $ ( 58,713 ) Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, including extinguishment of preferred stock tranche liability of $ 15.2 million, net of issuance costs of $ 6 thousand 7,981,852 82,171 — — — — — — Exercise of common stock options — — 607,406 — 1,525 — — 1,525 Early exercise of common stock options — — ( 512,670 ) — ( 1,329 ) — — ( 1,329 ) Vesting of early exercise of common stock options — — 39,297 — 84 — — 84 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — 2,295 — — 2,295 Net loss — — — — — — ( 55,319 ) ( 55,319 ) Balance as of December 31, 2021 19,517,988 171,833 2,972,409 — 3,619 — ( 115,076 ) ( 111,457 ) Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock in connection with the Reverse Recapitalization, net of transaction cost ( 19,517,988 ) ( 171,833 ) 19,517,988 2 171,833 — — 171,835 Issuance of common stock upon Reverse Recapitalization, net of transaction costs — — 19,975,963 2 111,957 — — 111,959 Contingent earnout liability recognized upon closing of the Reverse Recapitalization — — — — ( 9,688 ) — — ( 9,688 ) Cancellation and exchange of convertible note in connection with PIPE financing — — 517,500 — 5,184 — — 5,184 Gain recognized on fair value of embedded derivative on SPAC merger date — — — — ( 1,289 ) — — ( 1,289 ) Common Stock Purchase Agreement settled in common stock, net of fees — — 400,000 — 924 — — 924 Exercise of common stock options — — 199,839 — 496 — — 496 Vesting of early exercise of common stock options — — 367,878 — 965 — — 965 Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) — — 110,957 — 151 — — 151 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — 16,392 — — 16,392 Unrealized gain on investments — — — — — 1 — 1 Net loss — — — — — — ( 58,210 ) ( 58,210 ) Balance as of December 31, 2022 — $ — 44,062,534 $ 4 $ 300,544 $ 1 $ ( 173,286 ) $ 127,263 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 148 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ ( 58,210 ) $ ( 55,319 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation 1,398 769 Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 2,522 2,241 Accretion of discount on short-term investments ( 356 ) — Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes ( 1,289 ) — Change in fair value of contingent earnout liability ( 9,461 ) — Change in preferred stock tranche liability — 14,742 Stock-based compensation expense 16,392 2,295 Loss on write-off of fixed assets 12 22 Interest income accrued and not received ( 12 ) — Issuance of common stock for Common Stock Purchase Agreement fee 196 — Other non-cash charges 8 — Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 131 ) ( 395 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ( 1,302 ) ( 1,642 ) Accounts payable 186 ( 617 ) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,055 2,574 Deferred revenue ( 1,033 ) 1,832 Operating lease liabilities 14,129 ( 1,137 ) Net cash from operating activities ( 34,896 ) ( 34,635 ) Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of short-term investments ( 40,585 ) — Purchases of property and equipment ( 41,374 ) ( 5,543 ) Net cash from investing activities ( 81,959 ) ( 5,543 ) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from Merger and related PIPE financing, net of transaction costs 111,976 ( 17 ) Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 521 1,500 Proceeds from issuance of common stock under Common Stock Purchase Agreement 728 — Proceeds from issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) 151 — Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes 5,175 — Proceeds from issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs — 66,952 Net cash from financing activities 118,551 68,435 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,696 28,257 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 59,291 31,034 Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $ 60,987 $ 59,291 149 Table of Contents Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents $ 57,621 $ 56,034 Restricted cash 3,366 3,257 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 60,987 $ 59,291 Supplemental disclosures of noncash financing and investing items Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 8,153 $ 4,439 Recognition of Series B preferred stock tranche liability $ — $ 33 Extinguishment of Series B preferred stock tranche liability $ — $ 15,210 Merger and related PIPE financing costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ — $ 1,429 Receivables in transit from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options $ — $ 25 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 150 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Organization and Description of Business Senti Biosciences, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Senti”), is a biotechnology company that was founded to create a new generation of smarter medicines that outmaneuver complex diseases using novel and unprecedented approaches. Senti has built a synthetic biology platform that enables it to program next-generation cell and gene therapies with what the Company refers to as “gene circuits.” These gene circuits, which are created from novel and proprietary combinations of DNA sequences, reprogram cells with biological logic to sense inputs, compute decisions and respond to their cellular environments. The Company is headquartered in South San Francisco, California. On June 8, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), Dynamics Special Purpose Acquisition Corp. (“Dynamics” or “DYNS”) consummated a merger pursuant to which Explore Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Dynamics, merged with and into Senti Sub I, Inc., formerly named Senti Biosciences, Inc. (“Legacy Senti”), with Legacy Senti surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dynamics (such transactions, the “Merger,” and, collectively with the other transactions described in the merger agreement (as defined below, the “Reverse Recapitalization”)). As a result of the Merger, Dynamics was renamed Senti Biosciences, Inc. Refer to Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization, for further details of the Merger. Liquidity and Going Concern These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities, and reported expenses that may be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern. The Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to organizing and staffing, business planning, raising capital, and conducting preclinical studies and has not realized substantial revenues from its planned principal operations. To date , the Company raised aggregate gross proceeds of $ 298.8 million from the Merger and PIPE Financing, the issuance of shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock, the issuance of convertible notes and, to a less extent, through collaboration agreements and governmental grants. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $ 173.3 million and $ 115.1 million, respectively. The Company’s net losses were $ 58.2 million and $ 55.3 million for the years months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Substantially all of the Company’s net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with the Company’s research and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with the Company’s operations. The Company expects to incur substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future as the Company advances its preclinical activities and clinical trials for its product candidates in development . As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $ 98.6 million and $ 56.0 million. As of March 22, 2023, the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, there is uncertainty about whether the Company’s combined cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund operations, including clinical trial expenses and capital expenditure requirements, beyond twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements and therefore the Company concluded that substantial doubt existed about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s continued existence is dependent upon management’s ability to raise capital and develop profitable op erations. Management is devoting substantially all of its efforts to developing its business and raising capital and there can be no assurance that the Company’s efforts will be successful. No assurance can be given that management’s actions will result in profitable operations or the meeting of ongoing liquidity needs. 151 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Senti Biosciences, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has one business activity and operate in one reportable segment. Unless otherwise noted, the Company has retroactively adjusted all common and preferred share and related price information to give effect to the exchange ratio established in the Merger Agreement. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual for research and development expenses, the valuation of contingent earnout, the valuation of convertible notes, the valuation of common and redeemable convertible preferred stock, the valuation of preferred stock tranche liability, the valuation of stock-based compensation expense, standalone selling price (“SSP”) and the determination of the incremental borrowing rate. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments that are maintained in checking and money market accounts at one financial institution, which at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s short-term investments, if any, are limited to certain types of debt securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies, and institutions with investment-grade credit ratings, and places restrictions on maturities and concentration by type and issuer. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 , the Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts or investments. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents consist of amounts deposited in money market funds and securities with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are stated at fair value. The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash deposited with a financial institution as collateral for a letter of credit required under the Company’s headquarters and research facility leases as well as employee contributions collected under employee stock purchase plan. The restricted cash is presented separately from cash and cash equivalents and classified as non-current on the consolidated balance sheets, as the Company expects the cash to remain restricted for a period greater than one year. 152 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that total to the amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the Company: December 31, 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents $ 57,621 $ 56,034 Restricted cash 3,366 3,257 Total $ 60,987 $ 59,291 Short-term Investments Investments in marketable securities with original maturities less than 12 months from the balance sheet date, if any, are classified as short-term investments. Investments with original maturities of greater than 12 months from the balance sheet date, if any, are classified as long-term. The Company classifies all of its investments as available-for-sale and records such assets at estimated fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains and losses, if any, reported as a component of other comprehensive loss within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, and as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. These investments consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. Government securities, asset-based securities, and commercial paper, which are subject to minimal credit and market risk. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the amount of realized gains or losses on sales of marketable securities. Realized gains and losses on sales of securities and declines in the fair value of securities judged to be other than temporary are included in other income or expense. Unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive loss. Interest on available-for-sale securities is included in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows: • Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 – Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The estimated fair values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade, and other receivables and accounts payable approximate their carrying values given their short-term nature. The Company’s preferred stock tranche liability were carried at fair value from the date of issuance through their extinguishment in May 2021, and were determined using Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy described above. 153 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows: Small equipment 2 years Computer equipment and software 3 years Laboratory equipment 5 - 7 years Furniture and fixtures 5 - 7 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the lease term and the useful life The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred during the construction phase of a project or asset into construction-in-progress. Once the construction is complete and the asset is placed into service, the Company transfers its carrying value into the appropriate fixed asset category and begins depreciating the value over its useful life. When assets are retired or disposed of, any resulting gain or loss is included in net loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, net, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing their carrying value to the future net undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate over their remaining economic life. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between their carrying value and their fair value. If the useful life is shorter than originally estimated, the Company amortizes the remaining carrying value over the revised shorter useful life. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets with right-of-use assets (“ROU”) representing the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities representing the Company’s obligation to make lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease ROU assets also include the effect of any lease payments made prior to or on lease commencement and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred, as applicable. As the implicit rate in the Company’s leases is typically unknown, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. The Company gives consideration to its credit risk, the term of the lease, and total lease payments and adjusts for the impacts of collateral as necessary when calculating its incremental borrowing rates. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are recorded as an expense in the period incurred. The Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for any leases within its existing classes of assets and, as a result, accounts for any lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company has also elected not to apply the recognition requirement for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Revenue Recognition Contract Revenue Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The Company applies the following five steps to recognize revenue: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance 154 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied. A performance obligation is defined as a promise to transfer a product or a service to a customer that is distinct. A product or a service is distinct if both (i) the customer can benefit from the product or the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (ii) the Company’s promise to transfer the product or the service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Each distinct promise to transfer a product or a service is a unit of accounting for revenue recognition. If a promise to transfer a product or a service is not distinct from other promises in the contract, such promises should be combined into a single performance obligation. The assessment of each of these elements may require significant judgments. Arrangements that include rights to additional goods or services that are exercisable at a customer’s discretion are generally considered options. If these options provide a material right to the customer, they are considered performance obligations. The identification of material rights requires judgments related to the determination of the value of the underlying license relative to the option exercise price, including assumptions about technical feasibility and the probability of developing a candidate that would be subject to the option rights. The transaction price is the amount of consideration the Company is entitled to receive in exchange for the transfer of control of a product or a service to a customer. The Company’s agreements may include both fixed and variable consideration. Fixed payments are included in the transaction price, while variable consideration, such as milestone payments and fees for research services, are estimated and constrained (if required) at the inception of the contract and evaluated on a periodic basis thereafter. If a contract has multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) of the performance obligation. The Company determines SSP at contract inception and at contract modification. Determining the SSP for performance obligations requires significant judgment. Changes in the key assumptions used to determine the SSP could have a significant effect on the allocation of arrangement consideration between multiple performance obligations. For each distinct performance obligation, revenue is recognized as the Company transfers control of the product or the service applicable to such performance obligations. In instances where the Company first receives consideration in advance of satisfying its performance obligation, the Company classifies such consideration as deferred revenue until the Company satisfies such performance obligations. In instances where the Company first satisfies its performance obligation prior to its receipt of consideration, the consideration is a contract asset recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Grant Income The Company receives government grants that reimburses the Company for certain allowable costs for funded projects. Grant income is recognized on a systematic basis over the period in which the Company recognizes qualified research and development costs that grant is intended to compensate and there is reasonable assurance that the Company will meet the terms and conditions of the grant. This income is recorded as grant income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Grant payments received in excess of grant revenue earned are recognized as deferred revenue on the balance sheets, and grant income earned in excess of grant payments received is recognized as trade and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses, including associated stock-based compensation expense, lab supplies and services, in-license and technology costs, consulting and sponsored research fees, facility costs and depreciation expense. 155 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used or received in future research and development activities are deferred and recognized as an expense in the period in which the related goods are delivered, or services are performed. The Company has acquired and may continue to acquire the rights to gene circuit or other technologies from third parties. The upfront payments to acquire a license, product, or rights, as well as any annual maintenance charges and future milestone payments, are immediately recognized as research and development expense provided that there is no alternative future use of the rights in other research and development projects. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs consists of incremental legal, accounting and other fees directly attributable to equity offerings. Deferred offering costs are capitalized within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are offset against proceeds of the offering in the consolidated statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity as a reduction of additional paid-in capital upon the completion of the equity offering. In the event the equity offering is terminated, all of the deferred offering costs are expensed within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company expensed zero and $ 2.2 million, respectively, of previously deferred offering costs related to the suspended Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) within general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 , the Company recorded zero and $ 1.4 million, respectively, of deferred offering costs related to the SPAC merger. The amount was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Commitments and Contingencies The Company recognizes a liability with regard to loss contingencies when it believes it is probable a liability has occurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If some amount within a range of loss appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the Company accrues that amount. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount in the range. The Company has not recorded any such liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 . Accretion and Classification of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock The Company's redeemable convertible preferred stock was recorded based on proceeds received, net of the related preferred stock tranche liability and issuance costs, and is classified outside of stockholders' equity on the consolidated balance sheets because the holders of such shares have liquidation rights in the event of a deemed liquidation that, in certain situations, are not solely within the control of the Company and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock. The Company's Series A and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were subject to liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for further details. Preferred Stock Tranche Liability The Company’s Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock included an obligation whereby the investors agreed to buy, and the Company agreed to sell additional shares at a fixed price in the event that certain agreed-upon milestones were achieved or at the election of investors. This obligation was determined to be a freestanding financial instrument that should be accounted for as a liability at fair value (Note 4). This preferred stock tranche liability was revalued at each reporting period through settlement with changes in the fair value recorded as a change in preferred stock tranche liability in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value at settlement was reclassified to redeemable convertible preferred stock at such time. Contingent Earnout Equity In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization and pursuant to the Merger dated as of June 8, 2022 by and among the Merger Sub and Legacy Senti, former holder of the Legacy Senti common stock and Legacy Senti preferred stock are entitled to receive as additional consideration of up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s 156 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Common Stock (the “Contingent Earnout Shares”), comprised of two separate tranches of 1,000,000 shares per tranche, for no consideration upon the achievement of certain share price milestones within a period of two and three years . The Contingent Earnout Shares are a form of dividend for holders of Legacy Senti common stock and Legacy Senti preferred stock. If there is a change of control within the three-year period following the closing of the Merger that results in a per share price equal to or in excess of certain share price milestones not previously met, then the Company shall issue the earnout shares to the holders of Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock. In accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging , as certain terms of the contingent earnout shares were not indexed to the common stock, equity treatment is precluded and liability classification is required at the Reverse Recapitalization date and subsequently remeasured at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded as Change in fair value of contingent earnout liability in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. A portion of the earnout shares were granted to holders of Legacy Senti common stock that are subject to repurchase, and as of the date of the Merger were accounted for as stock-based compensation expense and expensed as there was no remaining service period. The estimated fair value of the Contingent Earnout Shares was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes on a monthly basis over a three-year period prioritizing the most reliable information available. The assumptions utilized in the calculation were based on the achievement of certain stock price milestones, including the current Company common stock price, expected volatility, risk-free rate, expected term and expected dividend yield. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to employees and non-employees based on the grant date fair value of the awards. For awards that vest solely based on continued service, stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations using the straight-line method. For performance and market awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. No compensation expense will be recognized for awards subject to performance conditions until it is probable that the performance condition will be met. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued pursuant to its employee stock purchase plan on a straight-line basis over the offering period. The Company has allowed specified option holders to exercise unvested options. The options that are exercised prior to vesting continue to vest according to the respective option agreement, and such unvested shares are subject to repurchase by the Company at the option holder’s original exercise price in the event the option holder's service with the Company voluntarily or involuntarily terminates. The Company records proceeds from the early exercise of options as a current and long-term liability in the consolidated balance sheets, and reclassifies this liability to additional paid-in capital as the Company's repurchase right lapses. The shares purchased by the option holders pursuant to the early exercise of stock options are not deemed, for accounting purposes, to be outstanding until those shares have vested. Net Loss Per Share The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per share as the Company has issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires loss available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to share in undistributed earnings as if all loss for the period had been distributed. Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net loss attributable to common stockholders for an allocation of the undistributed earnings and dividing it by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares. For purposes of this 157 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements calculation, the Company's outstanding stock options, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and potential issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock under existing preferred stock tranches, are considered potential dilutive common shares. The Company's participating securities contractually entitle the holders of such securities to participate in dividends but do not contractually require the holders of such securities to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities. In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes net deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, management would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby (i) management determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, management recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Any accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability. To date, there have been no interest charges or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In November 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires business entities to provide certain disclosures when they have received government assistance and use a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy to other accounting guidance. The ASU was effective January 1, 2022, and had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04 Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 370-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40); Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), which clarifies and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The ASU was effective January 1, 2022, and had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting 158 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The ASU was effective January 1, 2022, and had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740), which removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The ASU was effective January 1, 2022, and had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recent Accounting Standards The Company believes that the impact of recently issued accounting standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption. 3. Reverse Recapitalization On June 8, 2022, Merger Sub, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dynamics, merged with Legacy Senti, with Legacy Senti surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dynamics. At the effective time of the Merger: • each outstanding share of Legacy Senti common stock was converted into approximately 0.1957 shares of the Company’s common stock; • each outstanding share of preferred stock of Legacy Senti was cancelled and converted into the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that would be issued upon conversion of the shares of Legacy Senti preferred stock based on the applicable conversion ratio immediately prior to the effective time, multiplied by approximately 0.1957 ; • each outstanding option to purchase Legacy Senti common stock was converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of shares of Legacy Senti common stock subject to such option multiplied by approximately 0.1957 , rounded down to the nearest whole share, at an exercise price per share equal to the current exercise price per share for such option divided by approximately 0.1957 , rounded up to the nearest whole cent; and • all shares of Dynamics Class A common stock were redesignated as common stock, par value $ 0.0001 per share, of the Company. Former holders of the Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock are eligible to receive up to an aggregate of 2,000,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate in two equal tranches of 1,000,000 shares if the volume-weighted average closing sale price of the common stock is greater than or equal to $ 15.00 and $ 20.00 , respectively, for any 20 trading days within any 30 consecutive trading day period. The first and second tranche term is two and three years , respectively, from the closing of the Merger. If there is a change of control within the three-year period following the closing of the Merger that results in a per share price equal to or in excess of the $ 15.00 and $ 20.00 share price milestones not previously met, then the Company shall issue the earnout shares to the holders of Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) , for further details of the contingent earnout liability. In association with the Merger, Dynamics entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “PIPE Investors”), including S. Peter Lee, the father of Senti’s Chief Technology Officer. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the PIPE Investors purchased an aggregate of 5,060,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “PIPE Shares”) in a private placement at a price of $ 10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $ 50.6 million (the “PIPE Financing”). The PIPE Financing was consummated in connection with the Merger. Concurrently with the closing of the Merger, the unsecured convertible promissory note (the “May 2022 Note”) in the principal amount of $ 5.2 million that was previously issued by Legacy Senti to Bayer Healthcare LLC 159 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (“Bayer”) on May 19, 2022 was automatically cancelled and exchanged for 517,500 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Note Exchange”) at a price of $ 10.00 per share. The shares of Class A Common Stock issued in the Note Exchange are entitled to the same registration rights granted to the PIPE Investors with respect to the PIPE Shares. Refer to Note 7, Convertible Note , for further details of the convertible note. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately following the consummation of the Merger was: Shares Owned by Dynamics’ stockholders 14,915,963 Issued to PIPE Investors 5,060,000 Issued to Bayer in connection with convertible note cancellation and exchange 517,500 Issued to Legacy Senti stockholders 23,163,614 (1) Early exercised shares subject to repurchase ( 288,807 ) Total shares of common stock immediately after Merger 43,368,270 ________________ (1) Includes 19,517,988 shares of common stock issued upon conversion of Legacy Senti’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, Dynamics was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes and Legacy Senti was treated as the acquiror. This determination was primarily based on the fact that subsequent to the Merger, the Legacy Senti stockholders hold a majority of the voting rights of the combined company, Legacy Senti comprises all of the ongoing operations of the combined company, Legacy Senti comprises a majority of the carryover governing body of the combined company, and Legacy Senti’s senior management comprises all of the senior management of the combined company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Senti issuing shares for the net assets of Dynamics, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Dynamics were stated at historical costs. No goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded. Operations prior to the Merger are those of Legacy Senti. In connection with the Merger, the Company raised $ 140.7 million in proceeds from the Merger and related PIPE Financing, including the Bayer convertible note cancellation and exchange. Transaction costs totaling $ 23.5 million consisting of banking, legal, and other professional fees were deducted from the funds raised, of which $ 4.8 million was incurred by the Company and the remainder by Dynamics. In addition, there were no unpaid transaction costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses as of December 31, 2022. 160 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 4. Fair Value Measurements Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-term Investments The following tables summarize the estimated value of cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments by category (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Short-term investments Level 1 Money market funds $ 45,412 $ — $ — $ 45,412 $ 42,046 $ 3,366 $ — Subtotal 45,412 — — 45,412 42,046 3,366 — Level 2 U.S. Treasury securities 14,866 4 ( 3 ) 14,867 — — 14,867 U.S. agency securities 5,938 — — 5,938 3,983 — 1,955 Commercial Paper 28,122 — — 28,122 5,994 — 22,128 Corporate debt securities 7,590 1 ( 1 ) 7,590 5,598 — 1,992 Subtotal 56,516 5 ( 4 ) 56,517 15,575 — 40,942 Total $ 101,928 $ 5 $ ( 4 ) $ 101,929 $ 57,621 $ 3,366 $ 40,942 December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gain Unrealized Loss Estimated Fair Value Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Short-term investments Level 1 Money market funds $ 59,291 $ — $ — $ 59,291 $ 56,034 $ 3,257 $ — Total $ 59,291 $ — $ — $ 59,291 $ 56,034 $ 3,257 $ — 161 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements No securities have contractual maturities of longer than one year. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2, or 3 for any of the periods presented. Contingent Earnout Liability The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments (in thousands): Contingent Earnout Liability Fair value as of December 31, 2021 $ — Contingent earnout liability recognized upon the closing of the reverse recapitalization ( 9,688 ) Change in fair value included in other income (expense) 9,461 Fair value as of December 31, 2022 $ ( 227 ) The fair value of the Contingent Earnout Liability is based on significant unobservable inputs, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. In determining the fair value of the Contingent Earnout Liability, the Company used a Monte Carlo simulation value model using a distribution of potential outcomes. The assumptions utilized in the calculation were based on the achievement of certain stock price milestones, including the current Company common stock price, expected volatility, risk-free rate, expected term and expected dividend yield. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) , for further details of the Contingent Earnout. 162 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Preferred Stock Tranche Liability The following table provides a roll-forward of the change in the preferred stock tranche liability (in thousands): Preferred Stock Tranche Liability Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 435 Recognition of tranche rights from January 2021 issuance 33 Change in fair value 14,742 Tranche liability extinguishment ( 15,210 ) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ — The subsequent fair values of the preferred stock tranche liability recognized in connection with the issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were determined with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist using significant inputs not observable in the market which constitute Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The following reflects the significant quantitative inputs used in the valuation of the preferred stock tranche liability as of December 31, 2020 using a Monte Carlo valuation model and/or Black-Scholes option pricing model: December 31, 2020 Subsequent Measurement Dates Tranche Features 2 and 3 Call Option Tranche 2 and 3 Forward Contracts Estimated fair value of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock (1) $ 1.62 $ 1.62 Discount rate 0.11 % 0.11 % Time to liquidity (years) 0.5 0.5 Expected volatility 73.8 % N/A Probability of call option and forward contract 10 % 90 % Strike Price $ 1.6427 $ 1.6427 Value of each tranche feature $ 0.326 $( 0.023 ) _______________ (1) Fair value of the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock was estimated using the Backsolve method. The weighted-average fair value of the tranche features on a per share basis was $ 0.012 as of December 31, 2020 for a preferred stock tranche liability of $ 0.4 million as of December 31, 2020. In January 2021, the Company issued additional Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock and recorded an addition to the tranche liability of $ 33 thousand in recognition of the obligation to sell additional shares at a fixed price in the event that certain agreed-upon milestones are achieved or at the election of investors. In April 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors determined that certain technical milestones within the Series B agreements had been achieved and approved the notice to call tranches 2 and 3, subject to requisite stockholders’ written election and related waivers. The second and third closings occurred on May 14, 2021 and all shares of the Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock were acquired thereby extinguishing the preferred stock tranche liability. The $ 15.2 million value of the preferred stock tranche liability as of May 14, 2021 was determined using the current value method as both tranches were called by the Company and were extinguished. The following reflects the significant quantitative inputs used in the valuation of the preferred stock tranche liability as of May 14, 2021 163 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements using a weighted comparable guideline IPO (high and low) and special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”) transactions for the public scenario and the Black-Scholes pricing model for the staying-private scenario: May 14, 2021 Tranches 2 and 3 Public Scenario Staying-Private Scenario Call Call Estimated fair value of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock $ 2.18 $ 1.58 Scenario weighting 75.0 % 25.0 % Value of each tranche feature $ 1.637 $ 0.395 Weighted-average value of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock $ 2.032 The extinguishment of the preferred stock tranche liability as of May 14, 2021 resulted in a gain of $ 14.7 million being recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. 5. Other Financial Statement information Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 Prepaid expenses (including prepaid rent) $ 1,871 $ 798 Deposits 1,418 1,157 Reverse Recapitalization deferred offering costs — 1,446 Other 101 275 Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 3,390 $ 3,676 Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 Lab equipment $ 8,265 $ 4,988 Leasehold improvements 1,869 431 Computer equipment and software 389 262 Furniture and fixtures 326 294 Construction in progress 48,273 8,048 Property and equipment at cost 59,122 14,023 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 2,986 ) ( 1,655 ) Property and equipment, net $ 56,136 $ 12,368 Depreciation totaled $ 1.4 million and $ 0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 164 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2022 2021 Accrued professional and service fees related to facility construction $ 7,342 $ 605 Accrued professional and service fees other 1,750 1,950 Accrued employee-related expenses 3,743 2,665 Other accrued expenses 29 111 Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 12,864 $ 5,331 6. Operating Leases The Company’s operating leases are primarily for its corporate headquarters located in South San Francisco, California (“HQ lease”) and for additional office and laboratory space located in Alameda, California (“Alameda lease”). The corporate headquarters lease has an initial term of eight years expiring in 2027, with an option to renew for an additional eight years unless canceled by either party thereafter. The Alameda lease has an initial term of eleven years expiring in 2032, with an option to renew the lease for up to two additional terms of five years . The exercise of these renewal options is not recognized as part of the ROU assets and lease liabilities, as the Company did not conclude, at the commencement date of the leases, that the exercise of renewal options or termination options was reasonably certain. The Alameda lease provides for a tenant improvement allowance of up to $ 17.5 million for the costs relating to the design, permitting and construction of the improvements, to be disbursed by the landlord no later than December 31, 2023. The Company is deemed to be the accounting owner of the tenant improvements primarily because the Company is the principal in the construction and design of the assets, is responsible for costs overruns and retains substantially all economic benefits from the leasehold improvements over their economic lives . Accordingly, the tenant improvement allowance is considered an incentive and was deducted from the initial measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company estimated the timing of tenant improvement reimbursements at the lease commencement date and upon receipt of the cash incentives, the Company recognized the cash received as an increase in the lease liability. A summary of total lease costs and other information for the period relating to the Company’s operating leases is as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 5,300 $ 3,793 Short-term lease cost 81 — Variable lease cost 730 725 Total lease cost $ 6,111 $ 4,518 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Other information: Operating cash flows net inflows and (outflows) from operating lease $ 11,363 $ ( 2,669 ) ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations (including remeasurement of ROU and lease liabilities due to changes in the timing of receipt of lease incentives) $ 231 $ 10,153 Weighted-average remaining lease term 8.2 years 7.8 years Weighted-average discount rate 9.1 % 9.1 % 165 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received $ 14.1 million of the $ 17.5 million tenant improvement allowance. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, amounts disclosed for ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations include amounts added to the carrying amount of ROU assets resulting from lease modifications and reassessments. Maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022, were as follows (in thousands): 2023 $ 6,272 2024 7,265 2025 7,489 2026 7,723 2027 5,780 Thereafter 24,449 Total undiscounted lease payments 58,978 Less imputed interest ( 18,543 ) Tenant improvement allowance remaining ( 3,344 ) Total lease liabilities $ 37,091 7. Convertible Note On May 19, 2022, in connection with the Merger, Legacy Senti issued $ 5.2 million in unsecured convertible promissory notes for the purchase price of $ 5.2 million. The May 2022 Note was due May 2024 and interest accrued at an annual rate of 3.0 %. The May 2022 Note was cancellable and exchangeable or convertible under any of the following circumstances: • Automatic conversion upon the closing of the Merger with Dynamics. The outstanding principal under this note shall be cancelled and exchanged automatically into that number of shares of Dynamics common stock as is equal to (a) the entire principal amount under this note divided by (b) $ 10.00 . Upon conversion of this note, any and all accrued interest under this note shall immediately and automatically be cancelled and forgiven. The shares issued upon conversion of this note shall have the same rights and entitlements as the shares issued in connection with the PIPE by Dynamics. • Automatic conversion upon closing of a qualified IPO. The note and any accrued unpaid interest shall be automatically converted into shares of the equity securities issued in the qualified IPO at a conversion price equal to the product of (a) 80 %, and (b) the price per share of the Company’s common stock issued to the public in the qualified IPO. • Automatic conversion upon closing of non-qualified financing. The note and any accrued unpaid interest shall be automatically converted into shares of the Company’s equity securities issued in such non-qualified financing at a conversion price per share equal to the product of (a) 80 %, and (b) the lowest per-share selling price of the equity securities issued to other investors in the non-qualified financing. • If the note has not been repaid or previously converted, on or after the maturity date, at the election of the holder, the outstanding balance shall either (a) be repaid in cash in an amount equal to the outstanding principal, or (b) be converted into that number of shares of Legacy Senti’s Series B Preferred Stock equal to the outstanding balance divided by the original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock. On June 8, 2022, concurrently with the closing of the Merger, the May 2022 Note was automatically cancelled and exchanged for 517,500 shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $ 10.00 per share. 166 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements In accordance with the accounting guidance for an extinguishment of convertible debt instruments with a conversion feature that is separately accounted for as a derivative, the Company determined that the cancellation and exchange should be accounted for as an extinguishment of the May 2022 Note and a gain on extinguishment of $ 1.3 million was recorded at the closing of the Merger and all accrued interest at the time of the Merger was reversed and recorded to additional paid in capital. 8. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock consisted of the following as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): December 31, 2021 Issue Price Per Share Shares Authorized Shares Issued and Outstanding Net Carrying Value Aggregate Liquidation Preference Series A $ 1.6427 6,888,563 6,888,563 $ 57,408 $ 57,822 Series B $ 1.6427 12,629,427 12,629,425 114,425 106,012 Total 19,517,990 19,517,988 $ 171,833 $ 163,834 In connection with the Merger, all previously issued and outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock of the Company on a one -to-one basis, then multiplied by the Exchange Ratio pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Refer to Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization, for further details of the Merger. Common Stock Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and to receive dividends and, upon liquidation or dissolution, are entitled to receive all assets available for distribution to stockholders. The holders have no preemptive or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to such shares. Common stock is subordinate to the redeemable convertible preferred stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, winding up, and dissolution of the Company. Through December 31, 2022, no cash dividends have been declared or paid. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was authorized to issue 500,000,000 and 27,006,600 shares of common stock, respectively all at a par value of $ 0.0001 per share, and had reserved the following shares for future issuance: December 31, 2022 2021 Series A and B redeemable convertible preferred stock — 19,517,988 Common Stock Purchase Agreement 8,327,049 — Common stock options issued and outstanding 9,875,675 2,291,838 Common stock shares available for future issuance under equity plans 2,948,472 717,617 Common stock shares available for future issuance under the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) 481,627 — Unvested early exercised common stock 105,500 473,373 Total 22,186,271 23,000,816 On June 8, 2022, upon the Closing, all of the outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted to Common Stock pursuant to the conversion rate effective immediately prior to the Merger and the Exchange Ratio and the remaining amount was reclassified to additional paid-in capital. Refer to Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization, for further details of the Merger. 167 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Preferred Stock In connection with the close of the Merger, the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides the Company’s board of directors with the authority to issue $ 0.0001 par value preferred stock in one or more series and to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, by adopting a resolution and filing a certification of designations. Voting powers, designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional, special and other rights shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions. There were 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred stock and none were outstanding as of December 31, 2022. Common Stock Purchase Agreement On August 31, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement and a Registration Rights Agreement (collectively referred to as the “Purchase Agreement”) with Chardan Capital Markets LLC (“Chardan”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to sell to Chardan up to the lesser of (i) $ 50.0 million of newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock, and (ii) the Exchange Cap (as defined below) (subject to certain conditions and limitations), from time to time during the 36 -month term of the Purchase Agreement. Under the applicable NASDAQ rules, the Company may not issue to Chardan under the Purchase Agreement more than 8,727,049 shares of common stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99 % of the common shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement unless certain exceptions are met (the “Exchange Cap”). The purchase price of the shares of common stock will be determined by reference to the Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) of the common stock during the applicable purchase date, less a fixed 3 % discount to such VWAP. However, the total shares to be purchased on any day may not exceed 20 % of the trading volume, and the total purchase price on any day may not exceed $ 3.0 million. As consideration for Chardan’s commitment to purchase shares of common stock at the Company’s direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 100,000 shares of its common stock to Chardan and paid a $ 0.4 million document preparation fee, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement. The Company recognized an expense of $ 0.7 million within general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Chardan related costs and legal fees incurred in connection with the agreement. Other than the issuance of the commitment shares of the Company’s common stock to Chardan, the Company issued 300,000 Class A common stock as of December 31, 2022 aggregating to net proceeds of $ 0.7 million under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Contingent Earnout Equity Following the closing of the Merger, former holders of Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock may receive up to 2,000,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate, in two equal tranches of 1,000,000 shares of common stock per tranche. The first and second tranches are issuable if the closing volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) per share of common stock quoted on the Nasdaq (or the exchange on which the shares of common stock are then listed) is greater or equal to $ 15.00 and $ 20.00 , respectively over any twenty trading days within any thirty-day trading period. The first and second tranche term is two and three years , respectively, from the closing of the Merger. If there is a change of control within the three-year following the closing of the Merger that results in a per share price equal to or in excess of the $ 15.00 and $ 20.00 share price milestones not previously met, then Company shall issue the earnout shares to the holders of Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock. The estimated fair value of the total Contingent Earnout Shares at the Closing on June 8, 2022, was $ 9.8 million based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. Of this amount, $ 9.7 million was accounted for as a Contingent Earnout Liability because the triggering events that determine the number of Contingent Earnout Shares required to be issued include events that are not solely indexed to the common stock of the Company. The remaining balance of $ 0.1 million relates to holders of Legacy Senti common stock that are subject to repurchase were accounted for as stock-based compensation expense and recorded as an expense, as there was no remaining service period. The Contingent Earnout Liability was remeasured to fair value as of December 31, 2022, resulting in the recording of a 168 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements non-cash gain of $ 9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, classified within change in fair value of contingent earnout liability in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Assumptions used in the valuation are described below: June 08, 2022 December 31, 2022 Current stock price $ 7.51 $ 1.41 Expected share price volatility 81.0 % 85.0 % Risk-free interest rate 2.94 % 4.32 % Estimated dividend yield 0.0 % 0.0 % Expected term (years) 3.0 2.4 9. Revenue The Company’s revenue consists of amounts received related to research services provided to customers. Contract Revenue In May 2019, the Company entered into a collaborative development agreement. The Company determined that the agreement contained three distinct promises; research and development, design services, and intellectual property, which will be accounted for as a single combined performance obligation of research and development services recognized over time. The development agreement included $ 0.3 million of fixed consideration allocated to a single performance obligation and an additional $ 0.3 million of variable consideration. At the inception of the development agreement, it was not probable that a significant reversal of revenue would not occur and therefore the variable consideration was fully constrained. Throughout the development agreement period, several parameters of the research and development services were changed, which increased the uncertainty of achieving the remaining performance obligations. Therefore, in December 2021, the contract asset of $ 0.3 million was reversed due to this increased uncertainty. In April 2021, the Company entered into a research collaboration and license agreement with Spark Therapeutics, Inc. (“Spark”). Under the agreement, the Company will be responsible for a research program, which includes designing, building and testing five cell type specific-synthetic promoters for use in developing certain gene therapies using the Company’s proprietary technology. The Company received an upfront payment from Spark of $ 3.0 million and Spark is obligated to reimburse the Company for costs and expenses incurred for the research program. The Company expected to complete the research program over a two-year period. In December 2022, the Company amended the research collaboration and license agreement to allow for an increase in budget and a two-month extension of the research program. As there were no changes to performance obligations and the services to be provided are not distinct from those already transferred, the transactions was accounted for as a contract modification and a cumulative catch-up of $( 0.7 ) million was recognized in December 2022. As of December 31, 2022, there is a total of $ 0.8 million remaining of the upfront payment to be recognized over the remaining period of the research program. The Company assessed this agreement in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 606”) and concluded that the contract counterparty, Spark, is a customer. The Company identified only one combined performance obligation in the agreement, which is to perform research services, the related joint research plan and committees for the five specified promoters. The Company determined that the research activities for each of the five promoters are not distinct given there is one single research plan that is performed by the same research team and research results for one promoter may provide insights for other promoters. Pursuant to the agreement, once the research program is completed and the Company delivers a data package to Spark, Spark has 24 months (the “Evaluation Period”) to determine whether Spark will exercise its options to obtain field-limited, royalty-bearing licenses to develop, manufacture and commercialize promoters corresponding to each of the five specified promoters being researched. For each licensed promoter option that is exercised, the Company 169 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is eligible to receive a license fee, potential research, development and commercial milestone payments and royalties on product sales. Spark may generally terminate the agreement upon 90 days prior written notice or 180 days prior written notice if the licensed promoter is in clinical trials or is being commercialized at the time of termination. The Company evaluated Spark’s optional rights to license, develop, manufacture and commercialize each of the promoter profiles to determine whether they provide Spark with any material rights to purchase the promoter licenses at an incremental discount. The Company’s proprietary technology used to develop the promoters is in the early stages of development, so technological feasibility and probability of developing a product is highly uncertain. As a result, determining the SSP for the optional rights is subject to significant judgment. Given the subjectivity associated with determining the SSP for the right to a future license related to unproven technology at contract inception, the Company also evaluated whether the contract consideration associated with the research services represents the SSP for those services. The Company determined the transaction price, inclusive of the upfront payment and reimbursement of costs and expenses incurred for the research program, is commensurate with SSP for the research being conducted given the specialized nature and reliance on proprietary technology. Based on the Company’s assessment of the optional consideration and the qualitative factors of feasibility and probability of development combined with the quantitative assessment that research services are priced at their SSP, the Company concluded that the license option does not provide Spark with an incremental discount and therefore does not constitute a material right. The transaction price associated with the research services in this agreement consists of the fixed upfront amount of $ 3.0 million and variable consideration. For both collaboration agreements, the Company will recognize the transaction price as research and development services are provided, using a cost-based input method to measure the progress toward completion of its performance obligation and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize each period. The Company believes that the cost-based input method is the best measure of progress because other measurements would not reflect how the Company transfers the control related to the performance obligation to our customers. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded revenue, which was previously included in the deferred revenue at the beginning of each period, of $ 1.0 million and zero , respectively. Contract asset balances related to unbilled revenue for our collaboration agreements were zero as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and are presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Grant Income In 2021, the Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) awarded the Company a grant in the amount of $ 2.0 million over two years subject to meeting certain terms and conditions. The purpose of the grant is to support the further development of SENTI-202 for acute myeloid leukemia towards clinical development. Grant income was recognized when qualified research and development costs were incurred and the Company obtained reasonable assurance that the terms and conditions of the grant were met. Entity-wide information During the years ended December 31, 2022, Customers A and B accounted for 77 % and 23 %, respectively, of revenue. During the years ended December 31, 2021, when excluding the $ 0.3 million contract asset reversal for Customer C, Customers A and B accounted for 84 % and 16 %, respectively, of revenue. All revenues were generated in the United States for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 10. Stock-Based Compensation 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (as Amended and Restated) The Company’s 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and restricted stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Following the Merger, the 2016 Plan was terminated. No additional stock awards will be granted under the 2016 Plan. All awards previously granted and outstanding as of the effective date of the Merger, were adjusted to reflect 170 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements the impact of the Merger as described in Note 3, Reverse Recapitalization, but otherwise remain in effect pursuant to their original terms. The shares underlying any award granted under the 2016 Plan that are forfeited back to or repurchased or reacquired by the Company, will revert to and again become available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. 2022 Stock Incentive Plan On June 8, 2022, upon the Merger, the Company adopted a 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance awards and other forms of awards to employees, directors and consultants. The exercise price of an options granted under the 2022 Plan shall not be less than the fair market value of a common stock share on the date of grant. With respect to a 10 % stockholder, the exercise price of an option granted shall not be less than 110 % of the fair value of the common stock share on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2022 Plan generally vest over four years and expire no later than ten years after the grant date. The Company initially reserved 2,492,735 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2022 Plan. On the first day of each year commencing January 1, 2023, the 2022 Plan will automatically increase by 5 % of the outstanding number of shares of common stock of the Company on the last day of the preceding calendar year or such lesser number of shares as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors prior to the effective date of the annual increase. In addition, the shares underlying any award granted under the 2016 Plan that are forfeited back to or repurchased or reacquired by the Company, will revert to and again become available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan is 1,568,781 . 2022 Inducement Equity Plan On August 5, 2022, the Company adopted a 2022 Inducement Equity Plan (the “2022 Inducement Plan”). The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance awards and other forms of awards to persons not previously an employee of the Company and its affiliates. The exercise price of an options granted under the 2022 Inducement Plan shall not be less than the fair market value of a common stock share on the date of grant. Awards granted under the 2022 Inducement Plan expire no later than ten years after the grant date. The Company initially reserved 2,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan. As of December 31, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan is 1,379,691 . 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On June 8, 2022, upon the Merger, the Company adopted a 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a price equal to 85 % of the lower of the fair market values of the stock on the first day of an offering or on the date of purchase. The Company’s ESPP operates with rolling offering periods, which are generally 24 months. The Company initially reserved 592,584 shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP. On the first day of each year commencing January 1, 2023, the 2022 Plan will automatically increase by 1 % of the outstanding 171 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements number of shares of common stock of the Company on the last day of the preceding calendar year or such lesser number of shares as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors prior to the effective date of the annual increase. As of December 31, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP is 481,627 . Stock Options The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity and related information under all equity plans, excluding performance and market awards: Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2021 2,291,838 $ 4.39 9.1 $ 11,304 Granted 2,655,259 $ 2.09 Exercised ( 199,839 ) $ 2.49 Forfeited ( 555,832 ) $ 3.21 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 4,191,426 $ 3.18 9.1 $ 6 Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 770,429 $ 4.14 8.3 $ 6 The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $ 1.47 and $ 4.91 , respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $ 0.3 million and $ 0.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was approximately $ 8.0 million and $ 9.2 million respectively, expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years and 3.1 years respectively. Early Exercise of Stock Options into Restricted Stock For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued zero and 512,670 shares of common stock upon exercise of unvested stock options, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 105,500 and 473,373 shares were held by employees subject to repurchase at an aggregate price of $ 0.3 million and $ 1.2 million, respectively. Performance Awards In connection with the Merger, on December 19, 2021, Legacy Senti approved 8,400,892 performance awards to existing employees that vest contingent upon the satisfaction of both a four -year service condition and a performance condition tied to the consummation of the Merger. The awards and the associated recognition of stock-based compensation expense were contingent on the Merger being consummated. As of the approval date of the performance awards, Legacy Senti did not have sufficient common stock available for issuance. Upon the Merger, the Company increased the number of shares authorized and 6,796,074 awards were granted on June 8, 2022. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for further details of the shares of common stock authorized. 172 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding at December 31, 2021 — $ — — $ — Granted 6,796,074 $ 9.92 Forfeited ( 1,427,573 ) $ 9.92 Outstanding at December 31, 2022 5,368,501 $ 9.92 9.0 $ — Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022 270,308 $ 9.92 9.0 $ — The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $ 4.47 . As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to performance awards was approximately $ 13.2 million, expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. Market Awards In connection with the Business Combination Agreement with DYNS, on December 19, 2021, Legacy Senti approved 605,451 market awards to its co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Timothy Lu, that vest contingent upon the satisfaction of all three of the following conditions: a service condition, a performance condition tied to the consummation of the Merger, and market conditions. The market condition is achieved in four tranches, where 25 % of the options will vest when the trading price of the Company’s stock is above various thresholds of price per share. The award and the associated recognition of stock-based compensation expense are contingent on the Merger being consummated. As of the approval date, Legacy Senti did not have sufficient common stock available for issuance to allow for exercise of the stock options. Upon the Merger, the Company increased the number of shares authorized and 315,748 awards were granted on June 8, 2022. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for further details of the shares of common stock authorized. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $ 3.77 . As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to market awards was approximately $ 0.8 million, expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted stock units activity and related information under all equity plans: Number of Restricted Stock Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding at December 31, 2021 — $ — Granted 447,948 $ 2.50 Vested — $ — Forfeited — $ — Outstanding at December 31, 2022 447,948 $ 2.50 As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units was approximately $ 1.0 million, expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. 173 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Stock-Based Compensation Expense In determining the fair value of the stock-based awards, the Company uses the assumptions below for the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which are subjective and generally require significant judgment. Fair Value of Common Stock — The fair value of the shares of common stock has historically been determined by the Company’s board of directors as there was no public market for the common stock. The board of directors determined the fair value of the common stock by considering a number of objective and subjective factors, including: third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, the Company’s operating and financial performance, and general and industry-specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. As of the closing of the Merger and going forward, the fair value of common stock will be based on the publicly traded market value. Expected Term — The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock options are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term). The expected term for the ESPP purchase rights is the length of the purchase period. Volatility — The expected volatility is based on the average historical volatility of comparable publicly-traded peer companies, over a period equal to the expected term of the stock option grants, as the Company was not publicly traded prior to the Merger and does not have a trading history for its common stock for a sufficient period of time subsequent to the Merger. Risk-free Rate — The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. Dividends — The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying dividends on common stock. Therefore, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The assumptions used to determine the grant date fair value of non-market based, stock options granted were as follows, presented on a weighted-average basis: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Expected term (in years) 5.8 6.0 Expected volatility 78.8 % 82.3 % Risk-free interest rate 3.2 % 0.9 % Dividend yield — — The assumptions used to determine the per-share fair value of shares to be granted under the ESPP were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Fair value per share $ 0.85 — Fair value per share of Common Stock $ 1.63 — Expected term (in years) 1.3 0 Expected volatility 88.2 % — Risk-free interest rate 3.8 % — Dividend yield — — 174 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Total stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 General and administrative $ 13,340 $ 1,940 Research and development 3,052 355 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 16,392 $ 2,295 11. Income Tax The Company did not record any income tax expense or benefit during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company has a net operating loss and has provided a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets due to uncertainties regarding the Company’s ability to realize these assets. For the calendar years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the tax effects of significant items comprising the Company's deferred taxes are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Deferred tax assets: Net operating losses $ 25,249 $ 23,104 Lease liability 7,789 6,350 Tax credits 6,053 4,915 Capitalized R&D Section 174 expense 5,131 — Stock-based compensation 683 28 Accruals and reserves 756 738 Fixed asset basis 259 — Other — 600 Total deferred tax assets 45,920 35,735 Deferred tax liabilities: Operating lease right-of-use assets ( 3,869 ) ( 5,789 ) Fixed asset basis — ( 236 ) Total deferred tax liabilities ( 3,869 ) ( 6,025 ) Valuation allowance ( 42,051 ) ( 29,710 ) Net deferred taxes $ — $ — The Company records the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences, and credit carryforwards as assets to the extent that management assesses that realization is "more likely than not." Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company's recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $ 12.3 million and $ 10.7 million during years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and the Company’s deferred tax assets continue to be fully offset by the valuation allowance as at December 31, 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record an income tax provision. 175 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands): Amount Expiration Years Net operating losses, federal (Post December 31, 2017) $ 96,781 Do Not Expire Net operating losses, federal (Pre January 1, 2018) $ 3,508 12/31/2031 Net operating losses, state $ 55,023 12/31/2032 Tax credits, federal $ 4,279 12/31/2032 Tax credits, state $ 4,125 Do Not Expire Net operating losses, foreign $ 1,149 Do Not Expire Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. This annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization. The Company has not performed an analysis to determine the limitation of our net operating loss carryforwards. The effective tax rate of the Company's provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Statutory rate 21.00 % 21.00 % State tax ( 0.13 )% 2.98 % Other ( 0.93 )% ( 0.80 )% Tax credits 1.21 % 2.29 % Fair value of series B preferred stock tranche obligation — % ( 5.60 )% Fair value of contingent earnout liability 3.41 % — % Valuation allowance ( 24.56 )% ( 19.87 )% Total — % — % The Company has elected to include interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of existing unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease during the next 12 months. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and California tax jurisdictions. The federal and state income tax returns from inception to December 31, 2022 remain subject to examination. 12. Net Loss Per Share A reconciliation of net loss available to common stockholders and the number of shares in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Net loss $ ( 58,210 ) $ ( 55,319 ) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 26,110,785 2,912,275 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ ( 2.23 ) $ ( 19.00 ) 176 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following potential common stock securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (on an as-converted basis): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Series A and B redeemable convertible preferred stock — 19,517,988 Stock options to purchase common stock 9,875,675 1,815,431 Unvested early exercised options 105,500 499,571 Restricted stock units outstanding 447,948 — Contingent earnout common stock 2,000,000 — Total 12,429,123 21,832,990 13. Retirement Plan The Company maintains a defined contribution employee retirement plan, or 401(k) plan, for all employees upon their date of hire. The 401(k) plan is intended to qualify as tax-qualified plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The plan permit employees to contribute, on a pre-tax basis, a portion of their salary up to the Federally mandated limits. The Company matches an employee’s contribution up to 4 % of the employee’s compensation. Contributions to the plans by the Company totaled $ 0.6 million and $ 0.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 14. Commitments and Contingencies In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual agreements with third parties that include non-cancelable payment obligations, for which the Company is liable in future periods. On June 3, 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for a new cGMP facility in Alameda, California to support planned initial clinical trials for our product candidates. Refer to Note 6, Operating Leases , for further details of the leases. The lease will expire in 2032 with future undiscounted operating lease payments of $ 46.0 million over an initial lease period of eleven years . In 2021, the Company began construction of the cGMP facility. As of December 31, 2022 the Company paid $ 35.5 million in construction costs of the $ 42.1 million purchase commitment. The agreements with the construction company provide for termination following a certain period after notice. Upon termination, the Company will be responsible for payment for work performed to date. In 2021, the Company entered into a three-year collaboration and option agreement with BlueRock Therapeutics LP (“BlueRock”) under which the Company granted BlueRock an option to acquire an exclusive or non-exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize cell therapy products. Refer to Note 15, Related Parties , for further details of the related parties. In consideration for the option, the Company is responsible for up to $ 10.0 million in costs and expenses incurred over the three-year term. As of December 31, 2022, purchase commitments related to sponsored research agreements amounted to approximately $ 1.3 million. The Company has entered into license agreements under which they are obligated to make annual maintenance payments of $ 0.1 million and specified milestone and royalty payments. Future milestone and royalty payments under these agreements are not considered contractual obligations since the payments under these agreements are contingent upon future events, such as the Company’s achievement of specified development, regulatory, and sales milestones, or generating product sales. As of December 31, 2022, the Company is unable to estimate the timing or likelihood of achieving these milestones or generating future product sales. In connection with the Merger, former holders of Legacy Senti common stock and preferred stock may receive up to 2,000,000 additional shares of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate, in two equal tranches of 177 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1,000,000 shares of common stock per tranche. Refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), for further details of the contingent earnout liability. Legal Proceedings The Company is subject to claims and assessments from time to time in the ordinary course of business but does not believe that any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Indemnification In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements that may include indemnification provisions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Company may indemnify, hold harmless and defend an indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. Some of the provisions will limit losses to those arising from third-party actions. In some cases, the indemnification will continue after the termination of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these provisions is not determinable. The Company has never incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions and has never accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware corporate law. The Company currently has directors’ and officers’ insurance. 15. Related Parties Preferred Stockholders The Company issued Series A convertible redeemable preferred stock and Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock in February 2018 and October 2020, respectively, to certain related parties, including New Enterprise Associates 15, L.P. and its affiliates (“NEA”) and 8VC and its affiliates (“8VC”). In February 2018, the outstanding convertible notes held by NEA and 8VC, as well as Dr. Timothy Lu, our Chief Executive Officer, converted into additional shares of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock while in October 2020, the outstanding convertible notes held by NEA and 8VC converted into additional shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, both in accordance with the terms of the note agreements. On June 8, 2022, in conjunction with the Merger, each outstanding share of preferred stock of Legacy Senti was cancelled and converted into the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that would be issued upon conversion of the shares of Legacy Senti preferred stock based on the applicable conversion ratio immediately prior to the effective time, multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, rounded down to the nearest whole share. As of December 31, 2022, no shares of preferred stock remain outstanding. NEA NEA held 4,429,725 and zero shares of common stock as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. NEA held zero and 2,642,934 shares of outstanding Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as well as zero and 536,791 shares of outstanding Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, respectively. NEA held one of the seven seats on the Company’s Board of Directors as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Bayer Healthcare LLC On May 19, 2022, Legacy Senti issued to Bayer a $ 5.2 million unsecured convertible promissory note. On June 8, 2022, the May 2022 Note was automatically cancelled and exchanged for 517,500 shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $ 10.00 per share. Refer to Note 7, Convertible Note , for further details of the convertible note. 178 Table of Contents SENTI BIOSCIENCES, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements On May 21, 2021, the Company entered into a collaboration and option agreement (“BlueRock Agreement”) with BlueRock, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bayer, pursuant to which the Company granted to BlueRock an option (“BlueRock Option”), on a collaboration program-by-collaboration program basis, to obtain an exclusive or non-exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize cell therapy products that contain cells of specified types and which incorporate an option gene circuit from such collaboration program or a closely related derivative gene circuit. The Company is responsible for up to $ 10 million in costs and expenses incurred in connection with the research plan and related activities to be conducted over a term of three years as specified in the collaboration and option agreement. If the Company and BlueRock agree to add new research activities to the research plan, then BlueRock will be obligated to reimburse the Company for the costs and expenses incurred that, together with costs and expenses incurred under the initial research plan, exceed $ 10 million. The Company concluded that the Agreement is not within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements , because the Company did not receive any consideration and therefore, is not exposed to both significant risks and rewards for the arrangement. The Company also determined that the agreement is also not currently within the scope of ASC 606 because the BlueRock Agreement does not currently meet the criteria of a contract with a customer, and will not be within the scope of ASC 606 until any consideration is paid. Potential future milestone payments and royalties are subject to BlueRock’s exercise of the BlueRock Option and execution of a commercial license agreement by both parties. Under the BlueRock Agreement, the specific financial terms for milestone payments and royalties will be negotiated and agreed to only after the option is exercised. As of December 31, 2022, Bayer held 5,878,488 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of December 31, 2021, Bayer held 5,360,988 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock and held one of the seven seats on the Board of Directors of Legacy Senti. Bayer’s parent company is Bayer AG, which served as the lead investor in our Series B financing through its Leaps by Bayer unit. Accordingly, Bayer is considered a related party. 179 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None