UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For The Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2025
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT
TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to
_______________
Commission File Number 000-53208
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant issuer as specified in its
charter)
Nevada
54-0484915
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
No. 3 & 5 , Jalan Hi Tech 7/7 , Kawasan Perindustrian
Hi Tech 7 ,
43500 Semenyih, Selangor , Malaysia .
(Address of principal executive offices, including
zip code)
Registrant’s phone number, including area code
+ 603 8727 8732
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of
the Act:
Title of each class:
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
SGLA
OTC Market – Pink Sheets
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1)
has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
YES ☒
NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has
submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding twelve months (or shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files).
YES ☐
NO ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a
large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large
accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer ☐
Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-accelerated Filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark
if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a
shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐
No ☒
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has
filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to
the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yes ☐ No ☒
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each
of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Outstanding at May 15, 2025
Common Stock, $ 0.001 par value
161,809,738
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2024
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)
6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2043 (unaudited)
7
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
14
ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
17
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
17
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
18
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
18
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
18
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
18
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
18
ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
18
SIGNATURES
19
2
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF March
31, 2025 , AND JUNE 30, 2024
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”),
except for number of shares)
As of
March 31, 2025
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 34,045
$ 28,858
Accounts receivable
18,605
76,738
Inventories
287,628
664,400
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
58,647
64,794
Total current assets
398,925
834,790
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
4,004,492
4,013,206
Finance lease right-of-use assets
59,146
73,461
Total Assets
$ 4,462,563
$ 4,921,457
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 139,471
$ 107,466
Accrued liabilities and other payable
166,761
156,117
Contract liabilities
18,596
68,048
Convertible note payable
750,000
750,000
Bank loan payable - current
75,366
68,682
Short-term borrowing
276,179
252,038
Amount due to the related parties
2,701,902
2,093,010
Financing lease obligations – current
21,137
18,866
Total current liabilities
4,149,412
3,514,227
Non-current liabilities
Bank loan payable – non-current
1,994,225
1,925,688
Financing Lease liabilities – non-current
28,340
41,686
Total liabilities
6,171,977
5,481,601
Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred Stock, $ 0.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 1,784,178 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively
1,784
1,784
Common Stock, $ 0.001 par value; 780,000,000 shares authorized; 161,809,738 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively
161,810
161,810
Additional paid-in-capital
2,121,929
2,121,929
Accumulated other comprehensive income
73,679
45,892
Accumulated deficit
( 4,068,616 )
( 2,891,559 )
Total stockholders’ deficit
( 1,709,414 )
( 560,144 )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
$ 4,462,563
$ 4,921,457
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated
financial statements.
3
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED March
31, 2025 AND 2024
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”),
except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended
March 31
Nine months ended
March 31
2025
2024
2025
2024
Net revenues
$ 197,940
$ 488,820
$ 771,446
$ 1,394,346
Cost of revenues
( 582,895 )
( 619,229 )
( 1,617,952 )
( 1,839,634 )
Gross (loss)
( 384,955 )
( 130,409 )
( 846,506 )
( 445,288 )
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses
( 70,271 )
( 132,377 )
( 244,283 )
( 447,444 )
Operating loss
( 455,226 )
( 262,786 )
( 1,090,789 )
( 892,732 )
Other income (expense):
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment
-
-
4,188
-
Interest income
1
229
514
873
Interest expense
( 29,909 )
( 22,544 )
( 92,269 )
( 51,827 )
Sundry income
52
-
1,299
-
Other (expense), net
( 29,856 )
( 22,315 )
( 86,268 )
( 50,954 )
Net loss
( 485,082 )
( 285,101 )
( 1,177,057 )
( 943,686 )
Other comprehensive income/ (loss):
Foreign currency translation income
( 3,874 )
( 18,551 )
27,787
( 18,148 )
Total comprehensive loss
( 488,956 )
( 303,652 )
( 1,149,270 )
( 961,834 )
Loss per share
Basic and diluted loss per share
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding
161,809,738
161,809,738
161,809,738
161,809,738
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated
financial statements.
4
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’
(DEFICIT)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
AND 2024
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”),
except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
Three and Nine months ended March 31, 2025
Number of
shares
Amount
Number of
shares
Amount
Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
Balance as of June 30, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 45,892
$ ( 2,891,559 )
$ ( 560,144 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 333,331 )
( 333,331 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
29,896
-
29,896
Balance as of September 30, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 75,788
$ ( 3,224,890 )
$ ( 863,579 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 358,644 )
( 358,644 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
1,765
-
1,765
Balance as of December 31, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 77,553
$ ( 3,583,534 )
$ ( 1,220,458 )
Net loss
( 485,082 )
( 485,082 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
( 3,874 )
-
( 3,874 )
Balance as of March 31, 2025
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 73,679
$ ( 4,068,616 )
$ ( 1,709,414 )
Three and Nine months ended March 31, 2024
Number of
shares
Amount
Number of
shares
Amount
Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
Balance as of June 30, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
$ 82,050
$ ( 2,092,755 )
$ 274,818
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 385,782 )
( 385,782 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
( 12,607 )
-
( 12,607 )
Balance as of September 30, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
69,443
( 2,478,537 )
( 123,571 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 272,803 )
( 272,803 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
13,010
-
13,010
Balance as of December 31, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
82,453
( 2,751,340 )
( 383,364 )
Balance
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
82,453
( 2,751,340 )
( 383,364 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 285,101 )
( 285,101 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
( 18,551 )
-
( 18,551 )
Balance as of March 31, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
$ 63,902
$ ( 3,036,441 )
$ ( 687,016 )
Balance
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
$ 63,902
$ ( 3,036,441 )
$ ( 687,016 )
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated
financial statements.
5
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED March
31, 2025 , AND 2024
(Currency expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”),
except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
Nine months ended March 31,
2025
2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss
$ ( 1,177,057 )
$ ( 943,686 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization
17,233
13,435
Depreciation
289,361
212,135
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment
( 4,188 )
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable
58,133
( 22,224 )
Inventories
376,772
24,227
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
6,147
13,592
Operating lease right of use asset
-
41,918
Accounts payable
32,005
33,935
Accrued liabilities and other payable
10,644
78,480
Contract liabilities
( 49,452 )
34,339
Operating lease obligations
-
( 44,167 )
Net cash used in operating activities
( 440,402 )
( 558,016 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
( 39,605 )
( 902,921 )
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
7,933
-
Net cash used in investing activities
( 31,672 )
( 902,921 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Advances from related parties, net
608,892
1,199,163
Payments on finance lease obligations
( 20,212 )
( 33,178 )
Principal payments of notes payable, secured
( 114,472 )
( 25,459 )
Finance lease down payment
-
( 15,000 )
Short-term borrowing
24,141
265,335
Net cash provided by financing activities
498,349
1,390,861
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
( 21,088 )
39,252
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents
5,187
( 30,824 )
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of the period
28,858
125,134
-
Cash and cash equivalents-end of the period
$ 34,045
$ 94,310
Supplementary cash flow information:
Interest paid
$ ( 92,269 )
$ ( 51,827 )
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated
financial statements.
6
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED March
31, 2025 , AND 2024
(Unaudited)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
Organization
Sino Green Land Corporation (“SGLA”),
formerly known as Go Silver Toprich Holding Inc., is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Nevada on March 6, 2008.
Sunshine Green Land Corp., (“SGL”) a Labuan
corporation, was formed on December 8, 2021. On June 30, 2023, SGL consummated a share exchange agreement with the shareholders of Tian
Li Eco Holdings Sdn. Bhd (“Tian Li”), a Malaysian corporation, in which all the shares of Tian Li were exchanged for shares
of SGL, and Tian Li became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SGL.
On October 1, 2023, SGLA
completed a merger with SGL. After the merger, SGLA, SGL, and Tian Li, are collectively referred to as the “Company.”
Upon completion of the merger, SGLA acquired SGL in
exchange for 160,349,203 shares of common stock of SGLA and 1,781,658 shares of preferred stock of SGLA. Immediately after completion
of the share exchange, the Company has a total of 161,809,738 shares of common stock outstanding and 1,784,178 shares of preferred stock
outstanding.
Prior to the merger, Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching
and their immediate family members controlled 65.7 % of SGLA, and 90 % of SGL. Following the merger, Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching and
their immediate family members controlled 89.78 % of SGLA consolidated with SGL.
As SGLA and SGL were under common control at the time
of the share exchange, the transaction is accounted for as a combination of entities under common control in a manner similar to the pooling-of-interests
method of accounting. In pooling-of-interests accounting, the condensed consolidated financial statements of the previously separate companies
for periods before the combination are recast on a combined basis for all prior periods that the entities are under common control. The
accompanying combined financial statements for all periods presented are referred to as the “consolidated” financial statements.
Accordingly, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2023, and for the three-month
ended March 31, 2025 and 2023, include SGLA’s, SGL’s, and Tian Li’s historical assets, liabilities, and results of operations,
including the issuance of 160,349,203 shares of common stock of SGLA and 1,781,658 shares of preferred stock of SGLA on October 1, 2023,
as if the combination and issuance of shares occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented.
The Company conducts its business through its subsidiary
Tian Li, which operates in Malaysia as an environmental technology company and recycler of plastic waste bottles and plastic packaging
materials.
Going concern
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial
statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities
and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, for the
nine months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $ 1,177,057 , and used cash in operating activities of $ 440,402 . The
Company had an accumulated deficit at March 31, 2025 of $ 4,068,616 , and net current liabilities of $ 3,750,487 . These factors raise substantial
doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the condensed consolidated financial
statements are issued. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its audit report to the condensed consolidated
financial statements included in the Company’s Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the three months transition period ended June
30, 2024, expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
7
The continuation of the Company as a going concern
is dependent upon (1) the continued financial support from its stockholders or its ability to obtain external financing, the company has
only obtained verbal funding commitments from stockholders, which are non-binding and may not be fulfilled; (2) further to make the cost
controlling; and (3) implement management’s business plan to extend its operations and generate sufficient revenues to meet its
obligations. While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to increase sales volume and in its ability to raise additional
funds, there can be neither any assurances to that effect, nor any assurance that the Company will be successful in securing sufficient
funds to sustain the operations.
Basis of presentation
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.
GAAP”).
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) pursuant
to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s Transition Report
Form 10-KT for the three months transition period ended June 30, 2023, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which
consist of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. The results of operations
for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year
ended June 30, 2024. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s
audited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, included in the Company’s Transition Report on Form
10-KT, filed with the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025, was derived from the audited condensed consolidated
financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including notes, required by GAAP.
Use of estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial
statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include estimates for the valuation of inventory and accruals
of potential liabilities.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue
in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).
The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected
to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s),
which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying the Company’s performance obligations
in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance
obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
The Company generates revenue primarily from the sales
of plastic recycle products directly to customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the control of the products
has been transferred to customers. The transfer of control is considered complete when products have been picked up by our customers or
delivered to our customers. The Company recognizes revenues net of sales discount and relevant charges, and accounts for packaging, shipping
and handling fees as a fulfilment cost.
SCHEDULE OF REVENUE RECOGNITION
Three months ended
March 31,
Nine months ended
March 31,
2025
2024
2025
2024
Sale of plastic recycle products
$ 197,940
$ 488,820
$ 771,446
$ 1,394,346
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand,
demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and have original maturities of less than three months. The Company’s
primary bank deposits are located in Malaysia.
SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENT
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Denominated in United States Dollars
$ 716
$ 2,396
Denominated in Chinese Renminbi
633
1,001
Denominated in Malaysian Ringgit
32,696
25,461
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 34,045
$ 28,858
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivables are recorded at net realizable
value consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts, as needed. The Company uses the allowance method
to account for uncollectible trade receivable balances. Under the allowance method, if needed, an estimate of uncollectible customer balances
is made based upon specific account balances that are considered uncollectible. Factors used to establish an allowance include the credit
quality and payment history of the customer. The Company did no t deem it necessary to provide an allowance for doubtful accounts as of
March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net
realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company records adjustments to its inventory
based on an estimated forecast of the inventory demand, taking into consideration, among others, inventory turnover, inventory quantities
on hand, unfilled customer order quantities, forecasted demand, current prices, competitive pricing, and trends and performance of similar
products. If the estimated net realizable value is determined to be less than the recorded cost of the inventory, the difference is recognized
as a loss in the period in which it occurs. Once inventory has been written down, it creates a new cost basis for inventory that may not
be subsequently written up.
Property, plant and equipment,
net
Property, plant and equipment,
net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the
following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational and after taking into account their estimated residual
values:
SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES
Categories
Expected useful life
Factory building
20 years
Factory equipment
7 years
Office equipment
3 - 10 years
Computer and Software
3 - 10 years
Leasehold improvement
Over
the shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Motor vehicles
3 - 10 years
8
Management assesses the carrying value of property
and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there is indication
of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition.
If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated
fair value. For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment
of its property, plant and equipment, net.
Leases
The Company accounts for its leases in accordance
with the guidance of ASC 842, Leases. The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets
represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s
obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement
based upon the estimated present value of unpaid lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based
on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of unpaid lease payments.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset
and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are
recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than
not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or
that future deductibility is uncertain.
Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized
only if it more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on technical merits
of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based
on the largest benefit that has greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Foreign currency translation
The reporting currency of the Company is the United
States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition,
the Company’s operating subsidiary maintains its books and records in their respective local currency, which consists of the Malaysian
Ringgit (“MYR”).
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and
liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are translated into US$ using the exchange rate on the balance
sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation
of condensed consolidated financial statements of a foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive
loss within equity.
Translation of amounts from the local currencies of
the Company into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
SCHEDULE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
As of
March 31, 2025
As of
June 30, 2024
Spot USD: MYR exchange rate
$ 4.4344
$ 4.7172
Average USD: MYR exchange rate
$ 4.4120
$ 4.6941
9
The MYR is not freely convertible into foreign currency
and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the MYR amounts
could have been, or could be, converted into US Dollars at the rates used in translation.
Net loss per share
The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance
with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed like basic net loss per share except that
the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common
stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had convertible
notes payable that were convertible into 937,500 shares of common stock. For the periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the calculations
of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because these potential dilutive securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect.
Fair value measurements
The Company follows the guidance of ASC 820-10, “Fair
Value Measurements and Disclosures”, with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10
establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 : Observable inputs such as quoted
prices in active markets;
Level 2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices
in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there
is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions
The Company believes the carrying amounts reported
in the balance sheets for accrued expenses and due to related party, approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of
these financial instruments.
Segment Information
Under ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments
are defined as components of an enterprise where discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief
operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s
operation segment consists of one component, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is also the CODM, makes decisions and
manages the Company’s operations as a single operating segment.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial
Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the existing incurred
loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost to be presented at
the net amount expected to be collected. This new standard is effective for the Company in the fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-03 as of July 1, 2023, with no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements or the related disclosures.
Other recent accounting pronouncements and guidance
issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange
Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future condensed consolidated
financial statements.
2. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted
of the following as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Prepaid expenses
$ 4,814
$ 12,188
Purchase deposit
5,638
-
Rental and other deposits
23,459
26,145
Prepaid rent
24,736
26,461
Prepaid expenses
$ 58,647
$ 64,794
10
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories primarily consisted of the following PET
(polyethylene terephthalate) materials as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF INVENTORIES CONSISTS OF PET (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MATERIALS
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
PET flakes
$ 21,005
$ 5,821
PET pellets
58,739
85,077
PET strap belt
68,028
42,183
Other PET materials
121,768
527,882
In Transit Materials
18,088
3,437
Inventories
$ 287,628
$ 664,400
4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the
following as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Factory building
$ 3,377,069
$ 3,174,635
Factory equipment
1,481,347
1,363,279
Computer and Software
3,677
3,457
Office equipment
12,532
10,903
Leasehold improvement
228,613
215,787
Motor vehicle
17,951
16,875
Total cost
5,121,189
4,784,936
Accumulated depreciation
( 1,116,697 )
( 771,730 )
Net book value
$ 4,004,492
$ 4,013,206
Amortization expense was $ 17,233 and $ 13,435 for the
nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Depreciation expense was $ 289,361 and $ 212,135 for
the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
As of March 31, 2025, the factory buildings related
to costs of No. 3 factory building (purchased in March 2023) and No. 5 factory building. In January 2024, the Company acquired a factory
building (“Factory No. 5”) from an unrelated third-party that it had formerly leased, for MYR 8,075,275.40 (approximately
US$ 1,696,467 ), and funded by a bank loan payable (see Note 7).
5. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND
OTHER PAYABLE
Account payable, accrued liabilities and other payable
consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNT
PAYABLE, ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLE
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Accounts payable
$ 139,471
$ 107,466
Accrued liabilities
69,951
91,182
Other payable
96,810
64,935
Accounts payable,
accrued expense and other payable
$ 306,232
$ 263,583
The balance of accrued liabilities included accrued
payroll and accrued utilities.
11
The balance of other payables included a balance payable
to the seller of factory building No. 5.
6. CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE
Convertible note consisted of the following as of
March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF CONVERTIBLE NOTE
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Convertible note
$ 750,000
$ 750,000
On January 9, 2023, the Company issued a convertible
note payable to a third party for $ 750,000 . The note is unsecured, has an interest rate 3 % per annum, matures November 14, 2024 , and is
convertible into 937,500 shares of the Company’s common stock at $ 0.80 per share, any time after the completion of a reverse acquisition
with Sino Green Land Corp. (see Note 11).
7. BANK LOAN PAYABLE, SECURED
In October 2022, the Company obtained a credit facility
with OCBC Bank in Malaysia to provide a loan in the principal amount of MYR 5,000,000 (approximately US$ 1,069,000 ) in relation to the Company’s
purchase of a factory (No. 3 factory building, see Note 4). The acquisition and loan drawdown was completed in March 2023. The loan bears
interest at the base lending rate, as defined, minus 2.2% (4.06% at March 31, 2025), is secured by the No. 3 factory building, matures
in October 2042, and is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s shareholders.
In June 2023, the credit agreement with OCBC Bank
was amended to provide a second loan to the Company in the principal amount of MYR 4,600,000 (approximately US$ 1,000,000 ) in relation to
the Company’s purchase of a factory (No. 5 factory building, see Note 4). The acquisition and loan drawdown was completed in February
2024. The loan bears interest at the base lending rate, as defined, minus 2.5% (4.06% at March 31, 2025), is secured by the No. 5 factory
building, matures in December 2043, and is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s shareholders.
The total interest expenses were $ 29,909 for the three
months ended March 31, 2025.
Future Minimum principal payments under the bank loans
payable, secured are as follow:
SCHEDULE
OF FUTURE MINIMUM PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS
2026
$ 75,366
2027
78,552
2028
81,873
2029
85,335
2030 onward
1,748,465
Total
2,069,591
Current balance
( 75,366 )
Non-current balance
$ 1,994,225
12
8. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the amount
due from (due to) related parties consisted of:
SCHEDULE OF AMOUNT DUE FROM (DUE TO) RELATED PARTIES
March 31,
2025
June 30,
2024
Due from Invent Fortune Sdn. Bhd. (4)
$ ( 274,046 )
$ 1,001,561
Due from Invent Fortune Sdn. Bhd.
$ ( 274,046 )
$ 1,001,561
Payable to Luo Xiong and Wo Kuk Ching (1)
( 1,151,727 )
( 954,566 )
Payable to Empower International Trading (2)
( 502,828 )
( 1,413,058 )
Payable to TLC Global International Trading (3)
( 773,301 )
( 726,947 )
Total due to related parties, net
$ ( 2,701,902 )
$ ( 2,093,010 )
The amounts due from and payable to related parties
are unsecured, non-interest bearing, and payable on demand. The Company has the right to offset amounts with related parties controlled
by the same common control group.
(1)
Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching and their immediate family members own 90 % of the Company’s common stock.
(2)
Entity controlled 100 % by Luo Xiong
(3)
Entity controlled 100 % by Wong Ching Wing, daughter of Luo Xiong and Wo Kuk Ching
(4)
Entity controlled 83 % by Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching.
9. LEASES
As of March 31, 2025, the
Company has two finance leases for motor vehicles.
SCHEDULE OF RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES OF OPERATING AND FINANCE LEASE
As of
March 31, 2025
As of
June 30, 2024
Right-of-use assets-finance leases
59,146
73,461
Total right-of-use assets
$ 59,146
$ 73,461
Finance lease liabilities – current
21,137
18,866
Finance lease liabilities – non-current
28,340
41,686
Total lease liabilities
$ 49,477
60,552
The components of lease expense and supplemental cash
flow information related to leases for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
SCHEDULE OF LEASE EXPENSE AND SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES
Other information for the nine months ended
March 31, 2025
March 31, 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease obligations
Cash payments for operating lease
$ -
$ 44,455
Cash payments for finance lease
17,574
33,178
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases
-
-
Finance leases
3.27
3.27
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases
7.31 %
7.31 %
Finance leases
8.77 %
8.77 %
The undiscounted future minimum payments under the
Company’s operating and finance lease liabilities and reconciliation to the operating and finance lease liabilities recognized on
the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:
SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS
Operating lease
Finance lease
Year ending
2026
$ -
$ 23,432
2027
-
14,853
2028
-
10,565
Thereafter
-
4,402
Total lease payment
-
53,252
Less: Imputed interest
-
( 3,775 )
Total lease obligations
$ -
49,477
Current
-
( 21,137 )
Long term
$ -
$ 28,340
13
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following information should
be read in conjunction with (i) the condensed consolidated financial statements of Sino Green Land Corporation, a Nevada corporation,
and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q together with (ii) the more detailed business information and the June 30,
2024 audited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the twelve months ended June 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on September 30, 2024. Statements in this section and elsewhere
in this Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical or current fact constitute “forward-looking” statements.
Overview
Sino Green Land Corporation (the “Company”
or “we” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on March 6, 2008, under the name of Henry
County Plywood Corporation, as successor by merger to a Virginia corporation incorporated in May 1948 under the same name. On March 17,
2009, we changed our name from “Henry County Plywood Corporation” to “Sino Green Land Corporation”. On January
7, 2020, we renamed from “Sino Green Land Corporation” to “Go Silver Toprich, Inc.”. On August 31, 2020, we changed
the name from “Go Silver Toprich, Inc.” back to “Sino Green Land Corporation”.
Results of Operations
Revenues and Cost of Revenues
Net revenues were $197,940 for the three months ended
March 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease of $290,880, or 60%, from $488,820 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in net
revenues was mainly due to a decrease in sales of plastic recycle products from the third parties.
Net revenues were $771,446 for the nine months ended
March 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease of $622,900, or 45%, from $1,394,346 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in net
revenues was mainly due to a decrease in sales of plastic recycle products from the third parties.
Cost of revenues was $582,895 for the three months
ended March 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease of $36,334, or 6%, from $619,229 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in
cost of revenue was due to the unit cost is lower in line with our revenue decrease.
Cost of revenues was $1,617,952 for the nine months
ended March 31, 2025, reflecting an decrease of $221,682, or 12%, from $1,839,634 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease
in cost of revenue was due to the unit cost is lower in line with our revenue decrease.
Gross Loss
Gross loss was $384,955 for the three months ended
March 31, 2025 and gross loss was $130,409, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting a significant increase of $254,546 or
195%. The increase in gross loss was mainly due to the decrease in the net revenues with the steady cost.
Gross loss was $846,506 for the nine months ended
March 31, 2025 and gross loss was $445,288, for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting an increase of $401,218 or 90%. The increase
in gross loss was mainly due to the decrease in the net revenues.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $70,271 for
the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease of $62,106, or 47%, from $132,377 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The general and administrative expenses was reduced significantly due to the decrease of auditor fee, service and professional fee.
General and administrative expenses were $244,283
for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease of $203,161, or 45%, from $447,444 for the nine months ended March 31,
2024. The general and administrative expenses was reduced significantly due to the decrease of auditor fee, service and professional fee.
14
Net Loss
Net loss totaled $485,082 for the three months ended
March 31, 2025, an increase of $285,101 of 70%, as compared to the net loss of $285,101 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The
increase was primarily due to the decrease of sales.
Net loss totaled $1,177,057 for the nine months ended
March 31, 2025, an increase of $233,371 of 25%, as compared to the net loss of $943,686 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The
increase was primarily due to the decrease of sales.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Going concern.
For the six months ended March 31, 2025, Sino Green
Land Corporation had an accumulated deficit of $4,068,616, incurred a net loss of $1,177,057 and cash used in operating activities of
$440,401. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Sino Green Land Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern within
one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. In addition, Sino Green Land Corporation’s independent
registered public accounting firm, in their report on Sino Green Land Corporation’s June 30, 2024, audited condensed consolidated
financial statements, raised substantial doubt about the Sino Green Land Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern. No
assurance can be given that any future financing, if needed, will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory
to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, if needed, it may contain undue restrictions on its operations,
in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for its stockholders, in the case of equity financing.
Working Capital
March 31, 2025
June
30, 2024
Change
Total current assets
$ 398,925
$ 834,790
$ (435,865 )
Total current liabilities
(4,149,412 )
(3,514,227 )
(635,185 )
Working capital deficit
$ (3,750,487 )
$ (2,679,437 )
$ (1,071,050 )
As of March 31, 2025, we had total current assets
of $398,925 consisting of cash on hand of $34,045, accounts receivables of $18,605, inventory of $287,628, and prepaid expenses and other
current assets of $58,647, compared to total current assets of $834,790 as of June 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease
in inventory and account receivable. We had current liabilities of $4,149,412 consisting of accounts payable of $139,471, accrued expenses
and other payable of $166,761, contract liabilities of $18,596, convertible note payable of $750,000, current portion of bank loan payable-secured
of $75,366, short-tern borrowing of $276,179, amount due to related parties of $2,701,902 and financing lease obligation of $21,137, compared
to total current liabilities of $3,514,227 as of June 30, 2024.
The Company’s net loss was $485,082 and $285,101
for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
15
Cash Flows
Nine months Ended
March 31,
2025
2024
Change
Cash flows used in operating activities
$ (440,402 )
$ (558,016 )
$ 117,614
Cash flows used in investing activities
(31,672 )
(902,921 )
871,249
Cash flows provided by financing activities
498,349
1,390,861
(892,512 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(21,088 )
39,252
(60,340 )
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents
$ 5,187
$ (30,824 )
$ 36,011
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash flow used in operating activities for the nine
months ended March 31, 2025 was $440,402 as compared to the amount of $558,016 used in operating activities for the nine months ended
March 31, 2024, reflecting a decrement of $117,614. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to the fact that
the decrease from the inventories, prepayment and accrued liabilities and other payable impact on cash flows.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Cash flow used in investing activities was $31,672
for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and used in investing activities was $902,921 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease
in net cash flow used in investing activities was mainly due to less acquisition of property, plant and equipment.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Cash flow provided by financing activities was $498,349
for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and $1,390,861 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively. The decrease in net cash
provided by financing activities was mainly due to the decrease in loan proceeds.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Use of Estimates
In preparing these condensed consolidated financial
statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets,
and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2025, we have no significant off-balance
sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial
condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our
stockholders.
16
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK.
As a smaller reporting company
(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act), we are not required to provide the information called for by this Item 3.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of
the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of March
31, 2025. This evaluation was carried out by Wo Kuk Ching (“Ms. Wo”), our Chief Executive Officer and Wong Ching Wing (“Elise”),
our Chief Financial Officer, who also serve as our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, respectively.
Based upon that evaluation, Ms. Wo and Elise concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective
due to the presence of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination
of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement
of the company’s annual or interim condensed consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The material weaknesses identified include (i) the
Company did not maintain a functioning independent audit committee and did not maintain an independent board; (ii) the Company had inadequate
segregation of duties; and (iii) the Company had an insufficient number of personnel with an appropriate level of U.S. GAAP knowledge
and experience and ongoing training in the application of U.S. GAAP and SEC disclosure requirements commensurate with the Company’s
financial reporting requirements.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:
There were no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
our internal control over financial reporting.
17
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings,
and we are not aware of any pending or potential legal actions.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule
12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
None
ITEM 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.
Description
31.1
Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of principal executive officer*
31.2
Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of principal financial and accounting officer*
32.1
Section 1350 Certification of principal executive officer *
32.2
Section 1350 Certification of principal financial and accounting officer *
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Schema Document*
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document*
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
* Filed herewith.
18
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SINO GREEN LAND CORPORATION
(Name of Registrant)
Date: May 15, 2025
By:
/s/ Teresa Wo Kuk Ching
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
19
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.