UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
The Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2024
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
the transition period from _______________ to _______________
Commission
File Number 000-53208
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
(Exact
name of registrant issuer as specified in its charter)
Nevada
54-0484915
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
No.)
No.
3 & 5 , Jalan Hi Tech 7/7 , Kawasan Perindustrian Hi Tech 7 ,
43500
Semenyih, Selangor , Malaysia .
(Address
of principal executive offices, including zip code)
Registrant’s
phone number, including area code + 603 8727 8732
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title
of each class:
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name
of each exchange on which registered:
Common
Stock, $0.001 par value
SGLA
OTC
Market – Pink Sheets
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YES
☒ NO ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding
twelve months (or shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
YES
☐ NO ☒
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company”
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large
Accelerated Filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-accelerated Filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging
growth company ☐
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
☐ No ☒
APPLICABLE
ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS
DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yes
☐ No ☒
APPLICABLE
ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate
the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Outstanding
at February 19, 2025
Common
Stock, $ 0.001 par value
161,809,738
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
PART
I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM
1.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2024
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)
7
ITEM
2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
14
ITEM
3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
17
ITEM
4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
17
PART
II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM
1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
18
ITEM
2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
18
ITEM
3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
18
ITEM
4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
18
ITEM
5.
OTHER INFORMATION
18
ITEM
6.
EXHIBITS
18
SIGNATURES
19
2
PART
I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM
1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS
OF December 31, 2024 , AND JUNE 30, 2024
(Currency
expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)
December 31, 2024
June 30, 2024
As of
December 31, 2024
June 30, 2024
(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 18,292
$ 28,858
Accounts receivable
27,617
76,738
Inventories
479,228
664,400
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
53,514
64,794
Total current assets
578,651
834,790
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
4,071,556
4,013,206
Finance lease right-of-use assets
64,952
73,461
Total Assets
$ 4,715,159
$ 4,921,457
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 175,160
$ 107,466
Accrued liabilities and other payable
185,471
156,117
Contract liabilities
12,114
68,048
Convertible note payable
750,000
750,000
Bank loan payable - current
73,990
68,682
Short-term borrowing
272,578
252,038
Amount due to the related parties
2,415,565
2,093,010
Financing lease obligations – current
20,607
18,866
Total current liabilities
3,905,485
3,514,227
Non-current liabilities
Bank loan payable – non-current
1,996,636
1,925,688
Financing Lease liabilities – non-current
33,496
41,686
Total liabilities
5,935,617
5,481,601
Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred Stock, $ 0.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 1,784,178 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively
1,784
1,784
Common Stock, $ 0.001 par value; 780,000,000 shares authorized; 161,809,738 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively
161,810
161,810
Additional paid-in-capital
2,121,929
2,121,929
Accumulated other comprehensive income
77,553
45,892
Accumulated deficit
( 3,583,534 )
( 2,891,559 )
Total stockholders’ deficit
( 1,220,458 )
( 560,144 )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
$ 4,715,159
$ 4,921,457
See
accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR
THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Currency
expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
2024
2023
2024
2023
Three months ended
December 31
Six months ended
December 31
2024
2023
2024
2023
Net
revenues
$ 116,936
$ 360,761
$ 574,230
$ 905,230
Cost
of revenues
( 376,757 )
( 409,414 )
( 1,034,524 )
( 1,150,381 )
Gross
(loss)
( 259,821 )
( 48,653 )
( 460,294 )
( 245,151 )
Operating
expenses:
General
and administrative expenses
( 68,311 )
( 168,773 )
( 175,283 )
( 385,938 )
Operating
loss
( 328,132 )
( 217,426 )
( 635,577 )
( 631,089 )
Other
income (expense):
Gain
on disposal of property, plant and equipment
-
-
4,205
-
Interest
income
504
267
515
645
Interest
expense
( 31,016 )
( 17,768 )
( 62,370 )
( 29,218 )
Other
expense
-
( 37,876 )
-
-
Sundry
income
-
-
1,252
-
Other (expense), net
( 30,512 )
( 55,377 )
( 56,398 )
( 28,573 )
Net
loss
( 358,644 )
( 272,803 )
( 691,975 )
( 659,662 )
Other
comprehensive income:
Foreign
currency translation income
1,765
24,157
31,661
1,480
Total
comprehensive loss
( 356,879 )
( 248,646 )
( 660,314 )
( 658,182 )
Loss
per share
Basic
and diluted loss per share
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
$ ( 0.00 )
Basic
and diluted weighted average shares outstanding
161,809,738
161,809,738
161,809,738
161,809,738
See
accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT)
FOR
THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Currency
expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
Number of
shares
Amount
Number of
shares
Amount
Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
Three and Six months ended December 31, 2024
Number of
shares
Amount
Number of
shares
Amount
Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
Balance as of June 30, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 45,892
$ ( 2,891,559 )
$ ( 560,144 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 333,331 )
( 333,331 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
29,896
-
29,896
Balance as of September 30, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 75,788
$ ( 3,224,890 )
$ ( 863,579 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 358,644 )
( 358,644 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
1,765
-
1,765
Balance as of December 31, 2024
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,121,929
$ 77,553
$ ( 3,583,534 )
$ ( 1,220,458 )
Three and Six months ended December 31, 2023
Number of
shares
Amount
Number of
shares
Amount
Additional Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity (Deficit)
Balance as of June 30, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
$ 82,050
$ ( 2,092,755 )
$ 274,818
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 386,859 )
( 386,859 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
( 22,677 )
-
( 22,677 )
Balance as of September 30, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
59,373
( 2,479,614 )
( 134,718 )
Balance
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
59,373
( 2,479,614 )
( 134,718 )
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
( 272,803 )
( 272,803 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
-
-
-
-
-
24,157
-
24,157
Balance as of December 31, 2023
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
83,530
( 2,751,417 )
( 383,364 )
Balance
1,784,178
$ 1,784
161,809,738
$ 161,810
$ 2,217,929
83,530
( 2,751,417 )
( 383,364 )
See
accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR
THE SIX MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2024 , AND 2023
(Currency
expressed in United States Dollars (“US$”), except for number of shares)
(Unaudited)
2024
2023
Six months ended December 31,
2024
2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss
$ ( 691,975 )
$ ( 659,662 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization
11,536
8,419
Depreciation
195,272
132,303
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment
( 4,205 )
-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable
49,121
17,364
Inventories
185,172
( 4,579 )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
11,280
( 135,348 )
Operating lease right of use asset
-
31,464
Accounts payable
67,694
80,381
Accrued liabilities and other payable
29,354
76,486
Contract liabilities
( 55,934 )
14,747
Operating lease obligations
-
( 39,600 )
Net cash used in operating activities
( 202,685 )
( 478,025 )
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
( 39,286 )
( 87,409 )
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
7,965
-
Net cash used in investing activities
( 31,321 )
( 87,409 )
Cash flows from financing activities
Advances from related parties, net
322,555
881,107
Payments on finance lease obligations
( 13,451 )
( 8,513 )
Principal payments of notes payable, secured
( 73,524 )
( 15,573 )
Finance lease down payment
-
( 18,740 )
Short-term borrowing
20,540
-
Net cash provided by financing activities
256,120
838,281
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
( 32,680 )
13,285
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents
( 10,566 )
286,132
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of the period
28,858
125,134
Cash and cash equivalents-end of the period
$ 18,292
$ 411,266
Supplementary cash flow information:
Interest paid
$ ( 62,370 )
$ ( 29,218 )
See
accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
NOTES
TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR
THE SIX MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2024 , AND 2023
(Unaudited)
1.
ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
Sino
Green Land Corporation (“SGLA”), formerly known as Go Silver Toprich Holding Inc., is a corporation organized under the laws
of the State of Nevada on March 6, 2008.
Sunshine
Green Land Corp., (“SGL”) a Labuan corporation, was formed on December 8, 2021. On June 30, 2023, SGL consummated a share
exchange agreement with the shareholders of Tian Li Eco Holdings Sdn. Bhd (“Tian Li”), a Malaysian corporation, in which
all the shares of Tian Li were exchanged for shares of SGL, and Tian Li became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SGL.
On
October 1, 2023, SGLA completed a merger with SGL. After the merger, SGLA, SGL, and Tian Li, are collectively referred to as the “Company.”
Upon
completion of the merger, SGLA acquired SGL in exchange for 160,349,203 shares of common stock of SGLA and 1,781,658 shares of preferred
stock of SGLA. Immediately after completion of the share exchange, the Company has a total of 161,809,738 shares of common stock outstanding
and 1,784,178 shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Prior
to the merger, Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching and their immediate family members controlled 65.7 % of SGLA, and 90 % of SGL. Following
the merger, Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching and their immediate family members controlled 89.78 % of SGLA consolidated with SGL.
As
SGLA and SGL were under common control at the time of the share exchange, the transaction is accounted for as a combination of
entities under common control in a manner similar to the pooling-of-interests method of accounting. In pooling-of-interests
accounting, the condensed consolidated financial statements of the previously separate companies for periods before the combination
are recast on a combined basis for all prior periods that the entities are under common control. The accompanying combined financial
statements for all periods presented are referred to as the “consolidated” financial statements. Accordingly, the
Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2023, and for the three-month ended
December 31, 2024 and 2023, include SGLA’s, SGL’s, and Tian Li’s historical assets, liabilities, and results of
operations, including the issuance of 160,349,203
shares of common stock of SGLA and 1,781,658
shares of preferred stock of SGLA on October 1, 2023, as if the combination and issuance of shares occurred at the beginning of the
earliest period presented.
The
Company conducts its business through its subsidiary Tian Li, which operates in Malaysia as an environmental technology company and recycler
of plastic waste bottles and plastic packaging materials.
Going
concern
The
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the
realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, for the six months ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a net
loss of $ 691,975 , and used
cash in operating activities of $ 202,685 .
The Company had an accumulated deficit at December 31, 2024 of $ 3,583,534 ,
and net current liabilities of $ 3,326,834 .
These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date
that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm, in
its audit report to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Transition Report on Form 10-KT
for the three months transition period ended June 30, 2024, expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going
concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is
unable to continue as a going concern.
7
The continuation of the Company as a going
concern is dependent upon ( 1) the continued financial support
from its stockholders or its ability to obtain external financing, the company has only obtained verbal funding commitments from stockholders,
which are non-binding and may not be fulfilled; (2) further to make the cost controlling; and (3) implement management’s business
plan to extend its operations and generate sufficient revenues to meet its obligations. While the Company believes in the viability of
its strategy to increase sales volume and in its ability to raise additional funds, there can be neither any assurances to that effect,
nor any assurance that the Company will be successful in securing sufficient funds to sustain the operations.
Basis
of presentation
The
Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
The
unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States of America (“GAAP”) pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have
been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s Transition Report Form 10-KT for the three months transition period ended
June 30, 2023, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments, considered
necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not
necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. These unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited condensed consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes, included in the Company’s Transition Report on Form 10-KT, filed with the SEC.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, was derived from the audited condensed consolidated financial
statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures, including notes, required by GAAP.
Use
of estimates
The
preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant
estimates include estimates for the valuation of inventory and accruals of potential liabilities.
Revenue
recognition
The
Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers (“ASC 606”). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services
to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when
considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying
the Company’s performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction
price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
The
Company generates revenue primarily from the sales of plastic recycle products directly to customers. The Company recognizes revenue
at a point in time when the control of the products has been transferred to customers. The transfer of control is considered complete
when products have been picked up by our customers or delivered to our customers. The Company recognizes revenues net of sales discount
and relevant charges, and accounts for packaging, shipping and handling fees as a fulfilment cost.
SCHEDULE OF REVENUE RECOGNITION
2024
2023
2024
2023
Three months ended
December 31,
Six months ended
December 31,
2024
2023
2024
2023
Sale of plastic recycle products
$ 116,936
$ 360,761
$ 574,230
$ 905,230
Cash
and cash equivalents
Cash
and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and have original maturities
of less than three months. The Company’s primary bank deposits are located in Malaysia.
SCHEDULE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENT
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Denominated in United States Dollars
$ 714
$ 2,396
Denominated in Chinese Renminbi
951
1,001
Denominated in Malaysian Ringgit
16,627
25,461
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 18,292
$ 28,858
Accounts
Receivable
Accounts
receivables are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts, as needed.
The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible trade receivable balances. Under the allowance method, if needed,
an estimate of uncollectible customer balances is made based upon specific account balances that are considered uncollectible. Factors
used to establish an allowance include the credit quality and payment history of the customer. The Company did no t deem it necessary
to provide an allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.
Inventories
Inventories
are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The
Company records adjustments to its inventory based on an estimated forecast of the inventory demand, taking into consideration, among
others, inventory turnover, inventory quantities on hand, unfilled customer order quantities, forecasted demand, current prices, competitive
pricing, and trends and performance of similar products. If the estimated net realizable value is determined to be less than the recorded
cost of the inventory, the difference is recognized as a loss in the period in which it occurs. Once inventory has been written down,
it creates a new cost basis for inventory that may not be subsequently written up.
Property,
plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis
over the following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational and after taking into account their estimated
residual values:
SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES
Categories
Expected
useful life
Factory
building
20
years
Factory
equipment
7
years
Office
equipment
3
- 10 years
Computer
and Software
3
- 10 years
Leasehold
improvement
Over
the shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Motor
vehicles
3
- 10 years
8
Management
assesses the carrying value of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may
not be recoverable. If there is indication of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from
the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment
loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
the Company determined there were no indicators of impairment of its property, plant and equipment, net.
Leases
The
Company accounts for its leases in accordance with the guidance of ASC 842, Leases. The Company determines whether a contract is, or
contains, a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term,
and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and
lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based upon the estimated present value of unpaid lease payments over the lease
term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present
value of unpaid lease payments.
Income
taxes
The
Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary
differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences
between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance
when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized
before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.
Tax
benefits from an uncertain tax position are recognized only if it more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on
examination by the taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the condensed
consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has greater than 50 percent
likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes
in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Foreign
currency translation
The
reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying condensed consolidated
financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the Company’s operating subsidiary maintains its books and
records in their respective local currency, which consists of the Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”).
In
general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are
translated into US$ using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates
prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of condensed consolidated financial statements of a
foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within equity.
Translation
of amounts from the local currencies of the Company into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
SCHEDULE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
As of
December 31, 2024
As of
June 30, 2024
Spot USD: MYR exchange rate
$ 4.4704
$ 4.7172
Average USD: MYR exchange rate
$ 4.3941
$ 4.6941
9
The
MYR is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions.
No representation is made that the MYR amounts could have been, or could be, converted into US Dollars at the rates used in translation.
Net
loss per share
The
Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic net loss per share is
computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per
share is computed like basic net loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares
that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had convertible notes payable that were convertible into 937,500 shares of common stock. For the
periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because these potential dilutive
securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect.
Fair
value measurements
The
Company follows the guidance of ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, with respect to financial assets and
liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used
in measuring fair value as follows:
Level
1 : Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level
2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level
3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions
The
Company believes the carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for accrued expenses and due to related party, approximate their
fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Segment
Information
Under
ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise where discrete financial information is available
that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in
assessing performance. The Company’s operation segment consists of one component, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer,
who is also the CODM, makes decisions and manages the Company’s operations as a single operating segment.
Recent
accounting pronouncements
In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial
Instruments, which replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset
measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This new standard is effective for the Company
in the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied as a
cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company adopted ASU 2016-03 as of July 1, 2023, with no impact on our condensed
consolidated financial statements or the related disclosures.
Other
recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on
the Company’s present or future condensed consolidated financial statements.
2.
PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Prepaid expenses
$ 3,058
$ 12,188
Purchase deposit
5,592
-
Rental and other deposits
20,327
26,145
Prepaid rent
24,537
26,461
Prepaid expenses
$ 53,514
$ 64,794
10
3.
INVENTORIES
Inventories
primarily consisted of the following PET (polyethylene terephthalate) materials as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF INVENTORIES CONSISTS OF PET (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MATERIALS
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
PET flakes
$ 1,846
$ 5,821
PET pellets
71,682
85,077
PET strap belt
126,660
42,183
Other PET materials
279,040
527,882
In Transit Materials
-
3,437
Inventories
$ 479,228
$ 664,400
4.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant
and equipment, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Factory building
$ 3,349,874
$ 3,174,635
Factory equipment
1,469,418
1,363,279
Computer and Software
3,647
3,457
Office equipment
11,505
10,903
Leasehold improvement
227,698
215,787
Motor vehicle
17,806
16,875
Total cost
5,079,948
4,784,936
Accumulated depreciation
( 1,008,392 )
( 771,730 )
Net book value
$ 4,071,556
$ 4,013,206
Amortization expense was $ 11,536 and
$ 8,419 for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Depreciation
expense was $ 195,272 and
$ 132,303 for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As
of December 31, 2024, the factory buildings related to costs of No. 3 factory building (purchased in March 2023) and No. 5 factory building.
In January 2024, the Company acquired a factory building (“Factory No. 5”) from an unrelated third-party that it had formerly
leased, for MYR 8,075,275.40 (approximately US$ 1,696,467 ), and funded by a bank loan payable (see Note 7).
5.
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLE
Account
payable, accrued liabilities and other payable consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNT
PAYABLE, ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLE
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Accounts payable
$ 175,160
$ 107,466
Accrued liabilities
72,578
91,182
Other payable
112,893
64,935
Accounts payable,
accrued expense and other payable
$ 360,631
$ 263,583
The
balance of accrued liabilities included accrued payroll and accrued utilities.
11
The
balance of other payables included a balance payable to the seller of factory building No. 5.
6.
CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE
Convertible
note consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF CONVERTIBLE NOTE
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Convertible note
$ 750,000
$ 750,000
On
January 9, 2023, the Company issued a convertible note payable to a third party for $ 750,000 . The note is unsecured, has an interest
rate 3 % per annum, matures November 14, 2024 , and is convertible into 937,500 shares of the Company’s common stock at $ 0.80 per
share, any time after the completion of a reverse acquisition with Sino Green Land Corp. (see Note 11).
7.
BANK LOAN PAYABLE, SECURED
In
October 2022, the Company obtained a credit facility with OCBC Bank in Malaysia to provide a loan in the principal amount of MYR 5,000,000
(approximately US$ 1,069,000 ) in relation to the Company’s purchase of a factory (No. 3 factory building, see Note 4). The acquisition
and loan drawdown was completed in March 2023. The loan bears interest at the base lending rate, as defined, minus 2.2% (4.06% at December
31, 2024), is secured by the No. 3 factory building, matures in October 2042, and is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s shareholders.
In
June 2023, the credit agreement with OCBC Bank was amended to provide a second loan to the Company in the principal amount of MYR 4,600,000
(approximately US$ 1,000,000 ) in relation to the Company’s purchase of a factory (No. 5 factory building, see Note 4). The acquisition
and loan drawdown was completed in February 2024. The loan bears interest at the base lending rate, as defined, minus 2.5% (4.06% at
December 31, 2024), is secured by the No. 5 factory building, matures in December 2043, and is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s
shareholders.
The
total interest expenses were $ 31,016 for the three months ended December 31, 2024.
Future
Minimum principal payments under the bank loans payable, secured are as follow:
SCHEDULE
OF FUTURE MINIMUM PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS
2025
$ 73,990
2026
77,117
2027
80,378
2028
83,776
2029 onward
1,755,365
Total
2,070,626
Current balance
( 73,990 )
Non-current balance
$ 1,996,636
12
8.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As
of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the amount due from (due to) related parties consisted of:
SCHEDULE OF AMOUNT DUE FROM (DUE TO) RELATED PARTIES
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2024
Due from Invent Fortune Sdn. Bhd. ( 4 )
$ 749
$ 1,001,561
Due from Invent Fortune Sdn. Bhd.
$ 749
$ 1,001,561
Payable to Luo Xiong and Wo Kuk Ching ( 1 )
( 1,150,461 )
( 954,566 )
Payable to Empower International Trading ( 2 )
( 498,779 )
( 1,413,058 )
Payable to TLC Global International Trading ( 3 )
( 767,074 )
( 726,947 )
Total due to related parties, net
$ ( 2,415,565 )
$ ( 2,093,010 )
The
amounts due from and payable to related parties are unsecured, non-interest bearing, and payable on demand. The Company has the right
to offset amounts with related parties controlled by the same common control group.
(1)
Luo
Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching and their immediate family members own 90 % of the Company’s common stock.
(2)
Entity
controlled 100 % by Luo Xiong
(3)
Entity
controlled 100 % by Wong Ching Wing, daughter of Luo Xiong and Wo Kuk Ching
(4)
Entity
controlled 83 % by Luo Xiong and spouse Wo Kuk Ching.
9.
LEASES
As
of December 31, 2024, the Company has two finance leases for motor vehicles.
SCHEDULE OF RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES OF OPERATING AND FINANCE LEASE
As
of
December
31, 2024
As
of
June
30, 2024
Right-of-use
assets-operating lease
$
-
$
-
Right-of-use
assets-finance leases
64,952
73,461
Total
right-of-use assets
$
64,952
$
73,461
Operating
lease liabilities – current
$
-
$
-
Operating
lease liabilities – non-current
-
-
Finance
lease liabilities – current
20,607
18,866
Finance
lease liabilities – non-current
33,496
41,686
Total
lease liabilities
$
54,103
60,552
The
components of lease expense and supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
are as follows:
SCHEDULE OF LEASE EXPENSE AND SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES
Other
information for the three months ended
December
31, 2024
December
31, 2023
Cash
paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease obligations
Cash
payments for operating lease
$
-
$
34,319
Cash
payments for finance lease
11,622
8,390
Weighted
average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating
leases
-
0.17
Finance
leases
3.27
3.62
Weighted
average discount rate
Operating
leases
7.31
%
7.31
%
Finance
leases
8.77
%
8.77
%
The
undiscounted future minimum payments under the Company’s operating and finance lease liabilities and reconciliation to the operating
and finance lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM PAYMENTS
Operating
lease
Finance
lease
Year
ending
2025
$
-
$
23,244
2026
-
17,925
2027
-
10,480
Thereafter
-
6,986
Total
lease payment
-
58,635
Less:
Imputed interest
-
( 4,532
)
Total
lease obligations
$
-
58,103
Current
-
( 20,607
)
Long
term
$
-
$
33,496
13
ITEM
2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The
following information should be read in conjunction with (i) the condensed consolidated financial statements of Sino Green Land
Corporation, a Nevada corporation, and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q together with (ii) the more detailed
business information and the June 30, 2024 audited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the
Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended June 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on September 30,
2024. Statements in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical or current fact constitute
“forward-looking” statements.
Overview
Sino
Green Land Corporation (the “Company” or “we” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of the State
of Nevada on March 6, 2008, under the name of Henry County Plywood Corporation, as successor by merger to a Virginia corporation incorporated
in May 1948 under the same name. On March 17, 2009, we changed our name from “Henry County Plywood Corporation” to “Sino
Green Land Corporation”. On January 7, 2020, we renamed from “Sino Green Land Corporation” to “Go Silver Toprich,
Inc.”. On August 31, 2020, we changed the name from “Go Silver Toprich, Inc.” back to “Sino Green Land Corporation”.
Results
of Operations
Revenues
and Cost of Revenues
Net
revenues were $116,936 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a decrease of $243,825, or 68%, from $360,761 for the
three months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net revenues was mainly due to a decrease in sales of plastic recycle products
from the third parties.
Net
revenues were $574,230 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a decrease of $331,000, or 37%, from $905,230 for the six
months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net revenues was mainly due to a decrease in sales of plastic recycle products from the
third parties.
Cost
of revenues was $376,757 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a decrease of $32,657, or 8%, from $409,414 for the
three months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was due to the unit cost is lower in line with our revenue decrease.
Cost
of revenues was $1,034,524 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting an decrease of $115,857, or 10%, from $1,150,381 for
the six months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was due to the unit cost is lower in line with our revenue decrease.
Gross
Loss
Gross
loss was $259,821 for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and gross loss was $48,653, for the three months ended December 31, 2023,
reflecting a significant increase of $211,168 or 434%. The increase in gross loss was mainly due to the decrease in the net revenues
with the steady cost.
Gross
loss was $460,294 for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and gross loss was $245,151, for the six months ended December 31, 2023,
reflecting an increase of $215,1143 or 88%. The increase in gross loss was mainly due to the decrease in the net revenues.
General
and Administrative Expenses
General
and administrative expenses were $68,311 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a decrease of $100,462, or 60%, from
$168,773 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The general and administrative expenses was reduced significantly due to the decrease
of auditor fee, service and professional fee.
General
and administrative expenses were $175,283 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a decrease of $210,655, or 55%, from
$385,938 for the six months ended December 31, 2023. The general and administrative expenses was reduced significantly due to the decrease
of auditor fee, service and professional fee.
14
Net
Loss
Net
loss totaled $358,644 for the three months ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $85,841 of 31%, as compared to the net loss of $272,803
for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to the decrease of sales.
Net
loss totaled $691,975 for the six months ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $32,313 of 5%, as compared to the net loss of $659,662
for the six months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to the decrease of sales.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Going
concern.
For
the six months ended December 31, 2024, Sino Green Land Corporation had an accumulated deficit of $3,583,534, incurred a net loss of
$691,975 and cash used in operating activities of $202,685. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Sino Green Land
Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial
statements are issued. In addition, Sino Green Land Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm, in their
report on Sino Green Land Corporation’s June 30, 2024, audited condensed consolidated financial statements, raised substantial
doubt about the Sino Green Land Corporation’s ability to continue as a going concern. No assurance can be given that any
future financing, if needed, will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even
if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, if needed, it may contain undue restrictions on its operations, in the case
of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for its stockholders, in the case of equity financing.
Working
Capital
December 31, 2024
June 30,
2024
Change
Total current assets
$ 578,651
$ 834,790
$ (256,139 )
Total current liabilities
(3,905,485 )
(3,514,227 )
(391,258 )
Working capital deficit
$ (3,326,834 )
$ (2,679,437 )
$ (647,397 )
As
of December 31, 2024, we had total current assets of $578,651 consisting of cash on hand of $18,292, accounts receivables of $27,617,
inventory of $479,228, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $53,514, compared to total current assets of $834,790 as of June
30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in cash, inventory and account receivable. We had current liabilities of $3,905,485
consisting of accounts payable of $175,160, accrued expenses and other payable of $185,471, contract liabilities of $12,114, convertible
note payable of $750,000, current portion of bank loan payable-secured of $73,990, short-tern borrowing of $272,578, amount due to related
parties of $2,415,565 and financing lease obligation of $20,607, compared to total current liabilities of $3,514,227 as of June 30, 2024.
The
Company’s net loss was $358,644 and $272,803 for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
15
Cash
Flows
Six months Ended
December 31,
2024
2023
Change
Cash flows used in operating activities
$ (202,685 )
$ (478,025 )
$ 275,340
Cash flows used in investing activities
(31,321 )
(87,409 )
56,088
Cash flows provided by financing activities
256,120
838,281
(582,161 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(32,680 )
13,285
(45,965 )
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents
$ (10,566 )
$ 286,132
$ (296,698 )
Cash
Flow from Operating Activities
Cash
flow used in operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $202,685 as compared to the amount of $478,025 used
in operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2023, reflecting a decrement of $275,340. The decrease in net cash used
in operating activities was mainly due to the fact that the decrease from the inventories, prepayment and accrued liabilities and other
payable impact on cash flows.
Cash
Flow from Investing Activities
Cash
flow used in investing activities was $31,321 for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and used in investing activities was $87,409
for the six months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net cash flow used in investing activities was mainly due to less acquisition
of property, plant and equipment.
Cash
Flow from Financing Activities
Cash
flow provided by financing activities was $256,120 for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and $838,281 for the six months ended December
31, 2023, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was mainly due to the decrease in loan proceeds.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
Use
of Estimates
In
preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets, and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results may differ from
these estimates.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
As
of December 31, 2024, we have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future
effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital
expenditures or capital resources that are material to our stockholders.
16
ITEM
3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
As
a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act), we are not required to provide the information called for
by this Item 3.
ITEM
4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
DISCLOSURE
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
We
conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2024. This evaluation was carried out by Wo Kuk Ching (“Ms. Wo”), our
Chief Executive Officer and Wong Ching Wing (“Elise”), our Chief Financial Officer, who also serve as our principal executive
officer and principal financial and accounting officer, respectively. Based upon that evaluation, Ms. Wo and Elise concluded that, as
of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the presence of material weaknesses in internal
control over financial reporting.
A
material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there
is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim condensed consolidated financial
statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The
material weaknesses identified include (i) the Company did not maintain a functioning independent audit committee and did not maintain
an independent board; (ii) the Company had inadequate segregation of duties; and (iii) the Company had an insufficient number of personnel
with an appropriate level of U.S. GAAP knowledge and experience and ongoing training in the application of U.S. GAAP and SEC disclosure
requirements commensurate with the Company’s financial reporting requirements.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:
There
were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024, that have materially affected,
or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
17
PART
II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item
1. Legal Proceedings
We
are not currently involved in any legal proceedings, and we are not aware of any pending or potential legal actions.
Item
1A. Risk Factors.
We
are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information
under this item.
Item
2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None
Item
3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item
4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not
applicable.
Item
5. Other Information.
None
ITEM
6. Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
Description
31.1
Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of principal executive officer*
31.2
Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of principal financial and accounting officer*
32.1
Section 1350 Certification of principal executive officer *
32.2
Section 1350 Certification of principal financial and accounting officer *
101.INS
Inline
XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH
Inline
XBRL Schema Document*
101.CAL
Inline
XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF
Inline
XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB
Inline
XBRL Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE
Inline
XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document*
104
Cover
Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*
Filed herewith.
18
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SINO
GREEN LAND CORPORATION
(Name
of Registrant)
Date:
February 19, 2025
By:
/s/
Teresa Wo Kuk Ching
Title:
Chief
Executive Officer
19
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.