−Removed: We are a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands corporation and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this Report as our initial business combination.
−Removed: Initial Public Offering
−Removed: On March 4, 2021, the Company consummated its initial public offering of 34,500,000 units, including 4,500,000 additional units to cover over-allotments.
−Removed: Each Unit consists of one share of Class A ordinary share, $0.0001 par value per share (“Class A ordinary shares”), and one-fourth of one redeemable warrant, each redeemable warrant entitling the holder to purchase one share of Class A ordinary shares at $11.50 per share.
−Removed: The Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $345,000,000.
−Removed: Simultaneously with the consummation of the initial public offering and the sale of the Units, the Company consummated the private placement (“private placement”) of an aggregate of 4,450,000 warrants to our Sponsor at a price of $2.00 per private placement warrant, generating total proceeds of $8,900,000.
−Removed: A total of $345,000,000 of the net proceeds from our initial public offering (including the over-allotment) and the private placement with the Sponsor were deposited in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) established for the benefit of the Company’s public shareholders.
−Removed: Our Units began trading on March 1, 2021 on the NYSE under the symbol “ SNII.U .
−Removed: ” The ordinary shares and warrants trade on the NYSE under the symbols “ SNII ” and “ SNII WS ,” respectively.
−Removed: Supernova will apply for listing, to be effective at the time of the Business Combination, of New Rigetti Common Stock and warrants on Nasdaq under the proposed symbols “RGTI” and “RGTI WS,” respectively.
−Removed: It is a condition of the consummation of the Business Combination that Supernova receive confirmation from Nasdaq that New Rigetti has been conditionally approved for listing on Nasdaq, but there can be no assurance such listing condition will be met or that Supernova will obtain such confirmation from Nasdaq.
−Removed: If such listing condition is not met or if such confirmation is not obtained, the Business Combination will not be consummated unless the stock exchange condition set forth in the Merger Agreement is waived by the applicable parties.
−Removed: Since our Initial Public Offering, we have focused on identifying a business combination target within the technology industry.
−Removed: It is the job of our Sponsor and management team to complete our initial business combination.
−Removed: Our management team is led by Robert Reid, our Chief Executive Officer, and Michael Clifton, our Chief Financial Officer, who have many years of experience investing in ventures and building companies with operations.
−Removed: We must complete our initial business combination by March 4, 2023 (the “Completion Window”).
−Removed: If our initial business combination is not consummated by the Completion Window, then our existence will terminate, and we will distribute all amounts in the Trust Account.
−Removed: Initial Business Combination
−Removed: On October 6, 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of ours (“First Merger Sub”), Romeo Supernova Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of ours (“Second Merger Sub”), and Rigetti Holdings, Inc.
−Removed: (“Rigetti”), as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 23, 2021, and the Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 10, 2022.
−Removed: The Merger Agreement provides that, subject to the approval of Supernova’s shareholders and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, the following transactions will occur:
−Removed: at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Closing”) (x) in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (the “DGCL”), First Merger Sub will merge with and into Rigetti, with Rigetti being the surviving entity in the merger, and immediately following the First Merger, (y) Rigetti will merge with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub being the s urviving entity in the merger (the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Mergers ”);
−Removed: as a result of the Mergers, among other things, each issued and outstanding Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share, and each issued and outstanding Class B ordinary share, par value $0.0001 per share, of Supernova will be converted into one share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of New Rigetti (the “New Rigetti Common Stock”);
−Removed: each issued and outstanding whole warrant to purchase Class A ordinary shares of Supernova will automatically represent the right to purchase one share of New Rigetti Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share on the terms and conditions set forth in the warrant agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC and Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., dated March 1, 2021 (the “Supernova Warrant Agreement”);
−Removed: each issued and outstanding Supernova preference share will continue to exist as a share of preferred stock of New Rigetti;
−Removed: the governing documents of Supernova will be amended and restated and become the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of New Rigetti as described in the proxy statement / prospectus on Form S-4;
−Removed: Supernova’s name will change to “Rigetti Computing, Inc.”
−Removed: The Board of Directors of Supernova (the “Board”) has (x) approved and declared advisable the Merger Agreement, the business combination and the other transactions contemplated thereby, and (y) resolved to recommend approval of the Merger Agreement and related matters by the shareholders of Supernova.
−Removed: The Domestication
−Removed: Prior to the Closing, subject to the approval of Supernova’s shareholders, and in accordance with the DGCL, Cayman Islands Companies Law (2021 Revision) (the “CICL”) and Supernova’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (as may be amended from time to time, the “Cayman Constitutional Documents”), Supernova will effect a deregistration under the CICL and a domestication under Section 388 of the DGCL (by means of filing a certificate of domestication (the “Certificate of Domestication”) with the Secretary of State of Delaware), pursuant to which Supernova’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”).
−Removed: In connection with the Domestication, immediately prior to (but no later than the day preceding) the closing date:
−Removed: (i) each issued and outstanding Class A ordinary share and each issued and outstanding Class B ordinary share of Supernova will be converted into one share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of New Rigetti;
−Removed: (ii) each issued and outstanding whole warrant to purchase Class A ordinary shares of Supernova will automatically represent the right to purchase one share of New Rigetti Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share on the terms and conditions set forth in the Supernova Warrant Agreement;
−Removed: (iii) each issued and outstanding Supernova preference share will continue to exist as a share of preferred stock of New Rigetti;
−Removed: (iv) the governing documents of Supernova will be amended and restated and become the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of New Rigetti as described in the proxy statement / prospectus on Form S-4;
−Removed: and (v) Supernova’s name will change to “Rigetti Computing, Inc.” In connection with clauses (i) and (ii) of this paragraph, each issued and outstanding unit of Supernova that has not been previously separated into the underlying Class A ordinary shares of Supernova and the underlying warrants of Supernova prior to the Domestication will be cancelled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of New Rigetti Common Stock and one-fourth of one warrant representing the right to purchase one share of New Rigetti Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Supernova Warrant Agreement.
−Removed: Conditions to Closing
−Removed: The Merger Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions, including, among others, (i) approval of the business combination and related agreements and transactions by the respective shareholders of Supernova and Rigetti, (ii) effectiveness of the proxy statement / prospectus on Form S-4 filed by Supernova in connection with the business combination, (iii) expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, (iv) receipt of approval for listing on Nasdaq of the shares of New Rigetti Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Mergers, (v) that Supernova shall not have redeemed Supernova Class A ordinary shares that would cause Supernova to have less than $5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon Closing, (vi) completion of the Domestication, (vii) the absence of any injunctions or statute, rule or regulation prohibiting the transactions (vii) the accuracy of the parties’ respective representations and warranties (subject to specified materiality thresholds) and the material performance of the parties’ respective covenants and other obligations, (viii) no material adverse effect on Rigetti having occurred since signing that is continuing at Closing and (ix) solely as relates to Rigetti’s obligation to consummate the Transaction, Supernova having at least $165,000,000 of available cash at the Closing.
−Removed: The Merger Agreement contains additional covenants, including, among others, providing for (i) the parties to conduct their respective businesses in the ordinary course through the Closing, (ii) Rigetti to prepare certain audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements of Rigetti for inclusion in the proxy statement / prospectus on Form S-4 related to the business combination, (iii) Supernova and Rigetti to prepare and Supernova file a proxy statement / prospectus on Form S-4 and take certain other actions to obtain the requisite approval of Supernova shareholders of certain proposals regarding the business combination (including the Domestication), and (iv) the parties to use reasonable best efforts to obtain necessary approvals from governmental agencies.
−Removed: Representations and Warranties
−Removed: The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by Supernova, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub and Rigetti.
−Removed: The representations and warranties of the respective parties to the Merger Agreement generally will not survive the Closing.
−Removed: The Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing (i) by mutual written agreement of Supernova and Rigetti;
−Removed: (ii) by Rigetti or Supernova, if (a) Closing has not occurred on or before June 6, 2022, subject to requirements set forth in the Merger Agreement, (b) any law adopted following the date of the Merger Agreement or Governmental Order (as defined in the Merger Agreement) issued making consummation of the Mergers illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the Mergers or (c) Supernova shareholder approval is not obtained at an extraordinary general meeting of Supernova shareholders;
−Removed: (iii) by Supernova, if (a) Rigetti stockholder approval is not delivered to Supernova within seven days after the Registration Statement is declared effective, (b) any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Rigetti set forth in the Merger Agreement, subject to the conditions and certain exceptions contained therein;
−Removed: or (iv) by Rigetti, upon any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Supernova set forth in the Merger Agreement, subject to the conditions and certain exceptions contained therein.
−Removed: The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 2.1 hereto.
−Removed: The Merger Agreement has been included to provide investors with information regarding its terms.
−Removed: It is not intended to provide any other factual information about Supernova or its affiliates.
−Removed: The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained therein were made only for purposes and as of the specific dates set forth therein, were solely for the benefit of the parties thereto, may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties thereto instead of establishing these matters as facts, and may be subject to
−Removed: standards of materiality applicable to the contracting parties that differ from those applicable to investors.
−Removed: Investors are not third-party beneficiaries thereunder and should not rely on the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the parties thereto or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates.
−Removed: Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of representations and warranties may change after the date of the Merger Agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in Supernova’s public disclosures.
−Removed: Subscription Agreements
−Removed: On October 6, 2021, Supernova entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to, and on the terms and subject to the conditions of which, the PIPE Investors have collectively subscribed for 10,251,000 shares of New Rigetti Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price equal to $102,510,000 (the “PIPE Investment”).
−Removed: On December 23, 2021, Supernova entered into Subscription Agreements (the “Subsequent Subscription Agreements”), pursuant to which the subsequent PIPE investors (the “Subsequent PIPE Investors”) have agreed to subscribe for and purchase, and Supernova has agreed to issue and sell to the Subsequent PIPE investors an aggregate of 4,390,244 shares of New Rigetti Common Stock at a price of $10.25 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $45,000,000.
−Removed: The shares of New Rigetti Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the Subscription Agreements have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) in reliance upon the exemption provided in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506(c) promulgated thereunder.
−Removed: Supernova will grant the PIPE Investors certain registration rights in connection with the PIPE Financing.
−Removed: The PIPE Investments will be consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements.
−Removed: The Sponsor has purchased PIPE Shares in the PIPE Financing on the same terms as the initial PIPE Investors.
−Removed: The Subscription Agreements for the PIPE Investors provide for certain registration rights.
−Removed: In particular, New Rigetti will be required to, as soon as practicable but no later than 30 calendar days following the Closing, submit to or file with the SEC a registration statement registering the resale of such shares.
−Removed: Additionally, New Rigetti will be required to use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than the earlier of (i) the 60th calendar day following the filing date thereof, (ii) the 90th calendar day following the filing date thereof if the SEC notifies New Rigetti that it will “review” the registration statement, and (iii) the 10th business day after the date New Rigetti is notified in writing by the SEC that the registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review.
−Removed: New Rigetti must use reasonable best efforts to keep the registration statement effective until the earliest of:
−Removed: (x) the date on which all of the shares covered by the registration statement have been sold, (y) with respect to shares held by a particular subscriber, the date all shares held by such subscriber may be sold without restriction under Rule 144, and (z) three years from the date of effectiveness of the registration statement.
−Removed: The Subscription Agreements will terminate with no further force and effect upon the earliest to occur of:
−Removed: (a) such date and time as the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms; (b) the mutual written agreement of the parties to such Subscription Agreement; (c) if any of the conditions to closing set forth in such Subscription Agreement are not satisfied on or prior to the Closing and, as a result thereof, the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreement fail to occur; and (d) June 6, 2022, if the Closing has not occurred by such date.
−Removed: The foregoing description of the Subscription Agreements does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the form of Subscription Agreement, a copy of which is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.7 hereto.
−Removed: Sponsor Support Agreement
−Removed: On October 6, 2021, Supernova entered into a Sponsor Support Agreement in connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”) with the Sponsor, Rigetti and Supernova’s directors and officers, pursuant to which the Sponsor and each director of Supernova agreed, among other things, (i) to vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, (ii) that 2,479,000 Class B ordinary shares held by the Sponsor shall become unvested and subject to forfeiture if certain earnout conditions described
−Removed: more fully in the Sponsor Support Agreement are not satisfied, and (i i i) up to an additional 1,000,000 Sponsor Shares will be unvested and subject to forfeiture as of the Closing based on the level of redemptions of Supernova Class A ordinary shares by holders thereof in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (calculated in the manner set forth in the Sponsor Support Agreement), and any such additional Sponsor Earn Out Shares will only vest if, during the five - year period following the Closing, the volume weighted average price of Supernova’s common stock equals or exceeds $15.00 for any 20 trading days within a period of 30 consecutive trading days.
−Removed: Any Sponsor Earn Out Shares that remain unvested after the fifth anniversary of the Closing will be forfeited.
−Removed: The Sponsor Support Agreement will terminate upon the termination of the Merger Agreement if the Closing does not occur.
−Removed: The foregoing description of the Sponsor Support Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the Sponsor Support Agreement, a copy of which is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.8 hereto.
−Removed: Company Support Agreements
−Removed: On October 6, 2021, Supernova entered into the Rigetti Holders Support Agreement (the “Company Support Agreement”) with Rigetti and certain stockholders of Rigetti pursuant to which such stockholders have, among other things, agreed to vote to adopt and approve, upon the registration statement on Form S-4 being declared effective, the Merger Agreement and all other documents and transactions contemplated thereby.
−Removed: The Rigetti Holders Support Agreement will terminate upon the termination of the Merger Agreement if the Closing does not occur.
−Removed: The foregoing description of the Company Support Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the terms and conditions of the form of Company Support Agreement, a copy of which is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.9 hereto.
−Removed: Transfer Restrictions and Registration Rights
−Removed: The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, Supernova, the Sponsor, Supernova’s officers and directors and certain of Rigetti’s former stockholders and certain of their respective affiliates will enter into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which New Rigetti will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, certain shares of New Rigetti Common Stock and other equity securities that are held by the parties thereto from time to time.
−Removed: Additionally, the Bylaws of New Rigetti (the “Bylaws”) contain certain restrictions on transfer with respect to the shares of New Rigetti Common Stock received as Merger Consideration immediately following the closing.
−Removed: Such restrictions begin at Closing and end at the date that is six months after the Closing, except that, on the date that is 180 days after the Closing, an amount of New Rigetti Common Stock equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the New Rigetti Common Stock then outstanding, or (ii) the average weekly reported trading volume of the New Rigetti Common Stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.
−Removed: The Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement and the Company Support Agreements have been included to provide investors with information regarding its terms.
−Removed: They are not intended to provide any other factual information about Supernova or its affiliates.
−Removed: The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained in the Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Company Support Agreements and the other documents related thereto were made only for purposes and as of the specific dates set forth therein, were solely for the benefit of the parties to the Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement and the Company Support Agreements, may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties, including being qualified by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties to the Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement or Company Support Agreements instead of establishing these matters as facts, and may be subject to standards of materiality applicable to the contracting parties that differ from those applicable to investors.
−Removed: Investors are not third-party beneficiaries under the Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement or the Company Support Agreements and should not rely on the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the parties thereto or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates.
−Removed: Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of representations and warranties
−Removed: may change after the date of the Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreements or the Company Support Agreements, as applicable, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in Supernova’s public disclosures.
−Removed: For additional information regarding the business combination, see the Registration Statement filed on Amendment No.
−Removed: 3 to Form S-4 dated January 28, 2022.
+Added: OUR MISSION IS TO BUILD THE WORLD’S MOST POWERFUL COMPUTERS TO HELP SOLVE HUMANITY’S MOST IMPORTANT AND PRESSING PROBLEMS.
+Added: Today, many of the world’s most important computational challenges remain intractable, lying beyond the capabilities of traditional supercomputers and cloud infrastructure.
+Added: We build and operate quantum computers.
+Added: We believe quantum computing represents one of the most transformative emerging capabilities in the world today.
+Added: By leveraging quantum mechanics, our quantum computers process information in fundamentally new, more powerful ways compared to classical computing.
+Added: When scaled, we believe these systems are poised to solve problems of staggering computational complexity at unprecedented speed.
+Added: The availability of scalable quantum computers is expected to enable scientists and engineers to address problems in areas like climate change, fusion energy, quantitative finance, drug development and discovery, materials science, and artificial intelligence.
+Added: A July 2021 Boston Consulting Group report predicts that fully fault tolerant quantum computers could ultimately produce between $450 billion and $850 billion in annual value creation on an operating income basis for end users after 2040.
+Added: To unlock this opportunity, we have developed the world’s first multi-chip quantum processor for scalable quantum computing systems.
+Added: We expect this patented and patent pending, modular chip architecture to be the building block for new generations of quantum processors that we expect to achieve a clear advantage over classical computers.
+Added: We are a vertically integrated company.
+Added: We own and operate Fab-1, a unique wafer fabrication facility dedicated to prototyping and producing our quantum processors.
+Added: Through Fab-1, we own the means of production of our breakthrough multi-chip quantum processor technology.
+Added: We leverage our chips through a full-stack product development approach, from quantum chip design and manufacturing through cloud delivery.
+Added: We believe this full-stack development approach offers both the fastest and lowest risk path to building commercially valuable quantum computers.
+Added: We have been deploying our quantum computers to end users over the cloud since 2017.
+Added: We offer our full-stack quantum computing platform as a cloud service to a wide range of end-users, directly through our Rigetti QCS platform, and also through cloud service providers.
+Added: We have developed strong customer relationships and collaborative partnerships to accelerate the development of key technologies for high-value use cases to potentially unlock strategic market opportunities.
+Added: Our partners and customers include commercial enterprises such as Amazon Web Services, Ampere, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Deloitte, Microsoft, Nasdaq and Standard Chartered Bank, along with U.S.
+Added: government organizations such as DARPA, DOE, and NASA.
+Added: The company is enabled by a deep technical team that includes global experts in quantum chip design and manufacturing, quantum computing systems architecture, quantum software, and quantum algorithms and applications.
+Added: Powered by the production of our scalable multi-chip quantum processors in Fab-1 and our full-stack product development approach, we are working to develop quantum computing systems that demonstrate clear performance advantages over classical computing alternatives for multiple high-impact application areas.
+Added: Potential Market Opportunity
+Added: Demand for computing power capable of solving computationally complex problems is increasing.
+Added: Many of these types of problems are approached through the use of High Performance Computing (“HPC”), which relies primarily on large classical computers located either in the cloud or on-premise.
+Added: Company management estimates the global market for HPC to be approximately $54 billion by 2027.
+Added: We believe our quantum computers will be able to solve many computational problems with greater speed and at a lower cost than today’s high performance computers, thereby unlocking considerable value for the users of current HPC systems.
+Added: Furthermore, we believe that quantum computing will be applicable to many use cases that today lie within the realm of the much larger cloud computing market.
+Added: Advanced scientific and technical computing applied in fields like drug discovery, materials science, computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and quantitative finance have underpinned many of society’s greatest scientific and industrial advancements over the past half-century.
+Added: Yet, despite the availability of the latest cloud and supercomputing capabilities, these and many other fields remain constrained by the intractable nature of their thorniest problems.
+Added: Typically, the computational limits of classical computers are reached because of either the size or complexity of the required calculations.
+Added: In certain cases, algorithms have been developed that in theory solve a particular computation problem;
+Added: however, classical computers are limited in their ability to implement and process such algorithms.
+Added: For decades, classical computing power increased exponentially as the number of transistors on a microchip were doubling about every two years, while the cost of computing simultaneously decreased significantly.
+Added: Over the past ten years, this rate of progress in classical computing power has significantly slowed as physical limits on the miniaturization of transistors in nano-scale devices are being reached.
+Added: Stages of Evolution of Quantum Computing Maturation
+Added: We believe that market demand for our quantum computers will grow in phases that map to the increasing capabilities of our commercially available quantum computing systems similar to that of classical computer technology.
+Added: With each new phase, we expect quantum computers to solve an ever-increasing breadth of high-impact commercial problems and to do so with greater speed and accuracy.
+Added: Qubits do not need the latest semiconductor lithography node and, in fact, can be made using 1990’s era lithography.
+Added: Emerging Quantum Advantage (“eQA”) Phase
+Added: This phase is characterized by the availability of practical, fully functional and operational quantum computers, whose capabilities do not yet enable them to demonstrate clear performance advantages relative to traditional computers.
+Added: Currently, our quantum computers are of sufficient scale and capability to be useful in applied research for quantum algorithm development, the exploration of potential applications of quantum computing, and for understanding the skill gaps an organization must resolve in order to be prepared to take advantage of quantum computing capabilities.
+Added: We consider the eQA phase to have begun three years ago, and during this time we have worked with business and government researchers, commercial software developers and academic institutions who access our quantum computers via cloud-based services.
+Added: We anticipate that indications that this phase is coming to a close will occur when there are repeated demonstrations solving practical problems, of substantial commercial or customer value, with a level of performance that is competitive with the best available classical computing performance.
+Added: Narrow Quantum Advantage (“nQA”) Phase
+Added: If and when our quantum computing processing capabilities have scaled to the point where they can be used to solve practical, operationally relevant problems with improved accuracy, speed or cost over classical computers, we believe we will have reached the phase of nQA.
+Added: In the nQA phase, we expect that large enterprises and government organizations would increase their investment in quantum computing as the superior computational capabilities of the technology will have progressed from projected to verifiably advantaged for certain applications.
+Added: In addition to quantum-based research and development, quantum machine learning (“QML”) is likely to emerge as a strong avenue for growth as it can be leveraged in a wide range of business and scientific applications.
+Added: Research into quantum simulation and quantum optimization opportunities is predicted to increase in the nQA phase.
+Added: Broad Quantum Advantage (“bQA”)
+Added: We will consider the phase of bQA to have begun if and when our quantum computing processing abilities have scaled to the point where they can be used to solve practical problems that would be physically impossible to solve on any classical computer.
+Added: At such point, with both scaled qubit counts and strong error correction capabilities, we believe our quantum computers would be suitable for many applications of quantum machine learning and begin to be used for a growing number of quantum simulation and quantum optimization problems.
+Added: In the event we demonstrate bQA, we expect many new potential clients to emerge as the range and value of the problems that are addressable by our quantum computing systems significantly increases.
+Added: Large-Scale Fault Tolerant Quantum Computing (“lFTQC”)
+Added: We will consider the phase of lFTQC to begin when systems are available with hundreds of logical qubits, which can be universally controlled and measured with substantially error-free operation through the full course of a quantum computation.
+Added: It is currently believed in the quantum computing industry that this likely requires systems with 10,000 to 1,000,000 physical qubits.
+Added: We believe our scalable multi-chip architecture paves the way to scale up to these large systems.
+Added: We anticipate the beginning of the large-scale fault tolerant phase to be likely at least a decade away.
+Added: As quantum computing further matures through this phase, systems will likely continue to grow in scale and performance, culminating in full-scale fault tolerance that operates using potentially thousands of effectively perfect logical qubits.
+Added: This ultimate goal of full-scale fault tolerance represents the largest commercial opportunity at an estimated $850 billion per year in potential annual value creation for end users and technology providers.
Business Strategy
−Removed: Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd., a newly formed blank check company, was established by Spencer Rascoff, Alexander Klabin, Robert Reid and Michael Clifton to leverage their extensive experience in acquiring, building, operating and scaling businesses in constantly evolving environments.
−Removed: We intend to partner with a technology company focusing on enterprise solutions.
−Removed: Our team has decades of operational, investment and acquisition experience across both public and private companies.
−Removed: Rascoff is a serial entrepreneur who co-founded Hotwire and Zillow, and who led Zillow as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) for nearly a decade.
−Removed: Klabin is an accomplished investor and entrepreneur who co‑founded Senator Investment Group in 2008 and successfully navigated the firm through complicated equity and credit market environments during his 12-year tenure as Co-Chief Investment Officer.
−Removed: Reid is an experienced investor who spent 21 years at Blackstone, where he was a Senior Managing Director in the Private Equity Group.
−Removed: Clifton has been an investor and financial professional for over 18 years and was most recently a senior investment professional at The Carlyle Group.
−Removed: Our founders also successfully executed an initial public offering of Supernova Partners Acquisition Company, Inc.
−Removed: (“Supernova I”) in October of 2020.
−Removed: Supernova I has since completed a business combination and is now named Offerpad Solutions Inc.
−Removed: (“Offerpad”).
−Removed: We believe our collective experience provides us a distinctive ability to identify and partner with a high‑quality company and add value through active and engaged involvement with its management team.
−Removed: We were incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
−Removed: We have not selected any specific business combination target, and we have not, nor has anyone on our behalf, engaged in any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any business combination target with respect to a business combination with us.
−Removed: Our sourcing and transactional experience
−Removed: Each of the members of our team is an accomplished investor with a strong track record of identifying, sourcing and executing a wide variety of transactions, from small tuck-ins to mega-mergers to growth investments globally across a range of macroeconomic and industry cycles.
−Removed: With decades of experience as entrepreneurs, operating executives and investors, our team has expansive networks to help source transactions.
−Removed: We have earned the respect and trust of founders and company CEOs, as reflected by the independent Board members we have assembled.
−Removed: Our partner will benefit from the trust our collective team has built with the investing and technology community over the last three decades.
−Removed: Our team has tenured relationships with some of the largest long-term public market investors.
−Removed: We will be strong supporters of the target company from the initial business combination through the evolution of the company over the years to come.
−Removed: Our complementary transaction experience is a key differentiator that will enable the management team to navigate the combination process.
−Removed: Our operating experience
−Removed: Our team has extensive operating experience and has demonstrated the ability to scale businesses across sectors and create immense value for shareholders over time.
−Removed: Our team has a strong focus on culture, and they have created award‑winning workplaces.
−Removed: Our team has served as advisors, investors and board members to companies across all stages of business lifecycles and have managed companies and investment strategies through ever-changing markets and world events.
−Removed: Rascoff led Zillow through a seminal business model pivot when it launched Zillow Offers, an expansion into the buying and selling of homes and a materially different business than Zillow’s existing online advertising business.
−Removed: This launch necessitated extensive communications with investors, many of whom were initially dubious of the new strategy.
−Removed: This pivot also led to a wholesale re-imagining of Zillow’s corporate structure and culture, as Zillow evolved from a vertical technology company with an online marketplace to one that required operational efficiency and asset intensity.
−Removed: Today, Zillow Offers is considered a core pillar of Zillow’s business and Mr.
−Removed: Rascoff’s strategic shift has resulted in meaningful value creation for Zillow Group’s shareholders.
−Removed: At Senator, Mr.
−Removed: Klabin, alongside his partner, built, scaled and managed the firm’s business during an incredibly complex time in global financial markets and the investment management industry.
−Removed: He successfully navigated the firm and its investment portfolio through the Great Financial Crisis (2008 - 2009), the European Sovereign Crisis (2011), the Global Growth Slowdown (2015 - 2016) and numerous other periods of stress in funding and capital markets.
−Removed: His track record of generating value for multiple stakeholders is underscored by Senator’s strong risk-adjusted returns and growth in assets under management during his tenure.
−Removed: Given the rapidly evolving technology landscape, management teams benefit from advice from seasoned operators who have experience scaling businesses and accessing capital markets.
−Removed: Our team’s combined and complementary experience of managing companies throughout business cycles will be an advantage for a potential partner company.
−Removed: Our commitment to helping our partner company avoid the potential pitfalls faced by newly public and growing companies
−Removed: As entrepreneurs ourselves, our management team is “all-in”—we have committed to all of the risk capital associated with this business combination.
−Removed: We are well-situated to help guide our partner through the challenges of being a publicly traded company.
−Removed: Our team’s operating and transactional experience, along with that of our Board, will help our partner company build and scale over many years.
−Removed: We have assembled a Board that includes operating executives from companies of wide-ranging sizes, stages and sectors.
−Removed: Our Board members have experienced the various challenges of entrepreneurship and management from taking resource-constrained companies from scratch to scale and pivoting global strategies as technology trends and competitive forces shift.
−Removed: Business Combination Criteria
−Removed: Following our Initial Public Offering, we commenced a search for prospective business and assets to acquire.
−Removed: Our goal was to identify technology companies that are well-positioned to benefit from thematic shifts and tech-enabled trends.
−Removed: Consistent with our business strategy, we have identified the following general criteria and guidelines that we believe are important in evaluating prospective target businesses.
−Removed: We have used and will continue to use these criteria and guidelines in evaluating acquisition opportunities, but we may decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet some or all of these criteria and guidelines.
−Removed: Large addressable market .
−Removed: We will focus on investing in a business that addresses a large market that creates the opportunity for attractive long-term growth prospects.
−Removed: We believe that sustainable growth provides a company with access to the capital, talent and resources necessary for long-term success.
−Removed: Management team .
−Removed: We intend to partner with a management team that has a well-defined vision for the company and the sector in which they operate.
−Removed: We intend to identify a management team with a proven track record in managing and scaling businesses.
−Removed: Competitive differentiation .
−Removed: We seek a business that maintains strong and defensible competitive moats.
−Removed: We believe these competitive advantages over time will lead to durable and profitable growth.
−Removed: Economic model .
−Removed: We intend to leverage our extensive experience in understanding and evaluating various business models to identify businesses with compelling unit economics that will underpin the trajectory of the business over time.
−Removed: Scalability .
−Removed: We seek to partner with a company that will be able to significantly scale its operations to take advantage of its opportunities.
−Removed: We intend to leverage our experience in scaling businesses in order to help accelerate growth.
−Removed: Our team’s experience has shown that the relationship a company has with its employees and other stakeholders can contribute positively to a company’s success, and we therefore intend to partner with a company that has a transparent corporate culture anchored in strong values.
−Removed: We are nimble, experienced and sophisticated investors with a keen understanding of fundamental value.
−Removed: We expect to complete a business combination that pairs significant upside potential with limited downside risks.
−Removed: These criteria and guidelines are not intended to be exhaustive.
−Removed: Any evaluation relating to the merits of a particular initial business combination may be based, to the extent relevant, on these general criteria and guidelines as well as other considerations, factors, criteria and guidelines that our management may deem relevant.
−Removed: In the event that we decide to enter into our initial business combination with a target business that does not meet the above criteria and guidelines, we will disclose that the target business does not meet the above criteria and guidelines in our shareholder communications related to our initial business combination, which, as discussed in this Report, would be in the form of tender offer documents or proxy solicitation materials that we would file with the SEC.
−Removed: Our Business Combination Process
−Removed: In evaluating a prospective target business, we will conduct an extensive due diligence review which may encompass, as applicable and among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspection of facilities and a review of financial and other information about the target and its industry.
−Removed: We will also utilize our management team’s operational and capital planning experience.
−Removed: Each of our directors and officers, directly or indirectly, own Founder Shares and/or private placement warrants and, accordingly, may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our initial business combination.
−Removed: Further, such officers and directors may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a particular business combination if the retention or resignation of any such officers and directors was included by a target business as a condition to any agreement with respect to our initial business combination.
−Removed: Certain of our officers and directors presently have, and any of them in the future may have, additional, fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities, pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity to such entity subject to his or her fiduciary duties.
−Removed: As a result, if any of our officers or directors become aware of a business combination opportunity that is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, then, subject to such officer’s and director’s fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law, he or she will need to honor such fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such business combination opportunity to such entity, before we can pursue such opportunity.
−Removed: If these other entities decide to pursue any such opportunity, we may be precluded from pursuing the same.
−Removed: However, we do not expect these duties to materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination.
−Removed: Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that we renounce our interest in any business combination opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and it is an opportunity that we are able to complete on a reasonable basis.
−Removed: Initial Business Combination
−Removed: New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listing rules require that our initial business combination must be with one or more target businesses that together have an aggregate fair market value equal to at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the amount of deferred underwriting discounts held in trust and taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of our signing a definitive agreement in connection with our initial business combination.
−Removed: We refer to this as the 80% of net assets test.
−Removed: If our board of directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of the target business or businesses, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm that is a member of FINRA or from an independent accounting firm, with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria.
−Removed: If our board of directors is not able to independently determine the fair market value of the target business or businesses, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or an independent valuation or appraisal firm with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria.
−Removed: While we consider it unlikely that our board of directors will not be able to make an independent determination of the fair market value of a target business or businesses, it may be unable to do so if the board is less familiar or experienced with the target company’s business, there is a significant amount of uncertainty as to the value of the company’s assets or prospects, including if such company is at an early stage of development, operations or growth, or if the anticipated transaction involves a complex financial analysis or other specialized skills and the board determines that outside expertise would be helpful or necessary in conducting such analysis.
−Removed: Since any opinion, if obtained, would merely state that the fair market value of the target business meets the 80% of net assets threshold, unless such opinion includes material information regarding the valuation of a target business or the consideration to be provided, it is not anticipated that copies of such opinion would be distributed to our shareholders.
−Removed: However, if required under applicable law, any proxy statement that we deliver to shareholders and file with the SEC in connection with a proposed transaction will include such opinion.
−Removed: We anticipate structuring our initial business combination so that the post-business combination company in which our public shareholders own shares will own or acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses.
−Removed: We may, however, structure our initial business combination such that the post-business combination company owns or acquires less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or shareholders or for other reasons, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-business combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target business sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act.
−Removed: Even if the post-business combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our shareholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post-business combination company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination.
−Removed: For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock, shares or other equity interests of a target or issue a substantial number of new shares to third parties in connection with financing our initial business combination.
−Removed: In such cases, we would acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target.
−Removed: However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our shareholders immediately prior to our initial business combination could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares subsequent to our initial business combination.
−Removed: If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post-business combination company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be valued for purposes of the 80% of net assets test.
−Removed: If the business combination involves more than one target business, the 80% of net assets test will be based on the aggregate value of all of the target businesses.
−Removed: To the extent we effect our initial business combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth, we may be affected by numerous risks inherent in such company or business.
−Removed: Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that we will properly ascertain or assess all significant risk factors.
−Removed: In evaluating a prospective target business, we expect to conduct a thorough due diligence review which will encompass, among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, inspection of facilities, as well as a review of financial, operational, legal and other information which will be made available to us.
−Removed: The time required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete our initial business combination, and the costs associated with this process, are not currently ascertainable with any degree of certainty.
−Removed: Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of a prospective target business with which our initial business combination is not ultimately completed will result in our incurring losses and will reduce the funds we can use to complete another business combination.
−Removed: Other Considerations
−Removed: We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with our Sponsor, Founders, officers or directors.
−Removed: In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with our Sponsor or any of our Founders, officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors,
−Removed: will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that such initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view.
−Removed: We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.
−Removed: Members of our management team may directly or indirectly own our ordinary shares and/or warrants following the IPO and, accordingly, may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our initial business combination.
−Removed: In addition, certain of our Founders, officers and directors presently have, and any of them in the future may have additional, fiduciary and contractual duties to other entities.
−Removed: As a result, if any of our Founders, officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he, she or it has then‑current fiduciary or contractual obligations, then, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law, he, she or it will need to honor such fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such business combination opportunity to such entity, before we can pursue such opportunity.
−Removed: If these other entities decide to pursue any such opportunity, we may be precluded from pursuing the same.
−Removed: However, we do not expect these duties to materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination.
−Removed: Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that we renounce our interest in any business combination opportunity offered to any director or officer unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the company and it is an opportunity that we are able to complete on a reasonable basis.
−Removed: Our Founders, Sponsor, officers and directors may Sponsor, form or participate in other blank check companies similar to ours during the period in which we are seeking an initial business combination, including Supernova Partners Acquisition Company III, Ltd.
−Removed: (“Supernova III”).
−Removed: Any such companies may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing an acquisition target, particularly in the event there is overlap among investment mandates.
−Removed: However, we do not currently expect that any such other blank check company would materially affect our ability to complete our initial business combination.
−Removed: In addition, our Founders, Sponsor, officers and directors, are not required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs, and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating management time among various business activities, including identifying potential business combinations and monitoring the related due diligence.
−Removed: Status as a Public Company
−Removed: We believe our structure as a public company makes us an attractive business combination partner to target businesses.
−Removed: As an existing public company, we offer a target business an alternative to the traditional Initial Public Offering through a merger or other business combination with us.
−Removed: In a business combination transaction with us, the owners of the target business may, for example, exchange their shares of stock, shares or other equity interests in the target business for our Class A ordinary shares (or shares of a new holding company) or for a combination of our Class A ordinary shares and cash, allowing us to tailor the consideration to the specific needs of the sellers.
−Removed: We believe target businesses will find this method a more expeditious and cost-effective method to becoming a public company than the typical Initial Public Offering.
−Removed: The typical Initial Public Offering process takes a significantly longer period of time than the typical business combination transaction process, and there are significant expenses in the Initial Public Offering process, including underwriting discounts and commissions, that may not be present to the same extent in connection with a business combination with us.
−Removed: Furthermore, once a proposed business combination is completed, the target business will have effectively become public, whereas an Initial Public Offering is always subject to the underwriters’ ability to complete the offering, as well as general market conditions, which could delay or prevent the offering from occurring or have negative valuation consequences.
−Removed: Once public, we believe the target business would then have greater access to capital, an additional means of providing management incentives consistent with shareholders’ interests and the ability to use its shares as currency for acquisitions.
−Removed: Being a public company can offer further benefits by augmenting a company’s profile among potential new customers and vendors and aid in attracting talented employees.
−Removed: While we believe that our structure and our management team’s backgrounds will make us an attractive business partner, some potential target businesses may view our status as a blank check company, such as our lack of an operating history and our ability to seek shareholder approval of any proposed initial business combination, negatively.
−Removed: W e are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act.
−Removed: As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements , and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved .
−Removed: If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.
−Removed: In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
−Removed: In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.
−Removed: We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.
−Removed: We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our Initial Public Offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A ordinary shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
−Removed: Financial Position
−Removed: With funds available for a business combination initially in the amount of $333,476,000 after payment of $12,075,000 of deferred underwriting fees, we offer a target business a variety of options such as creating a liquidity event for its owners, providing capital for the potential growth and expansion of its operations or strengthening its consolidated balance sheet by reducing its debt ratio.
−Removed: Because we are able to complete our initial business combination using our cash, debt or equity securities, or a combination of the foregoing, we have the flexibility to use the most efficient combination that will allow us to tailor the consideration to be paid to the target business to fit its needs and desires.
−Removed: Effecting Our Initial Business Combination
−Removed: We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any operations until we consummate our initial business combination.
−Removed: We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and the private placement of the private placement warrants, the proceeds of the sale of our shares in connection with our initial business combination (pursuant to forward purchase agreements or backstop agreements we may enter into following the consummation of our Initial Public Offering or otherwise), shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to bank or other lenders or the owners of the target, or a combination of the foregoing or other sources.
−Removed: We may seek to complete our initial business combination with a company or business that may be financially unstable or in its early stages of development or growth, which would subject us to the numerous risks inherent in such companies and businesses.
−Removed: If our initial business combination is paid for using equity or debt, or not all of the funds released from the Trust Account are used for payment of the consideration in connection with our initial business combination or used for redemptions of our Class A ordinary shares, we may apply the balance of the cash released to us from the Trust Account for general corporate purposes, including for maintenance or expansion of operations of the post-business combination company, the payment of principal or interest due on indebtedness incurred in completing our initial business combination, to fund the purchase of other companies or for working capital.
−Removed: We may need to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination, either because the transaction requires more cash than is available from the proceeds held in our Trust Account, or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of the business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination.
−Removed: There are no prohibitions on our ability to issue securities or incur debt in connection with our initial business combination.
−Removed: Sources of Target Businesses
−Removed: We anticipate that target business candidates will be brought to our attention from various unaffiliated sources, including investment market participants, private equity groups, investment banking firms, consultants, accounting firms and large business enterprises.
−Removed: Target businesses may be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sources as a result of being solicited by us through calls or mailings.
−Removed: These sources may also introduce us to target businesses in which they think we may be interested on an unsolicited basis, since some of these sources will have read this Report and know what types of businesses we are targeting.
−Removed: Our officers and directors, as well as their affiliates, may also bring to our attention target business candidates that they become aware of through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions.
−Removed: In addition, we expect to receive a number of proprietary deal flow opportunities that would not otherwise necessarily be available to us as a result of the business relationships of our officers and directors.
−Removed: While we do not presently anticipate engaging the services of professional firms or other individuals that specialize in business acquisitions on any formal basis, we may engage these firms or other individuals in the future, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation to be determined in an arm’s-length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction.
−Removed: We will engage a finder only to the extent our management determines that the use of a finder may bring opportunities to us that may not otherwise be available to us or if finders approach us on an unsolicited basis with a potential transaction that our management determines is in our best interest to pursue.
−Removed: Payment of finder’s fees is customarily tied to completion of a transaction in which case any such fee will be paid out of the funds held in the trust account.
−Removed: In no event, however, will our sponsor or any of our existing officers or directors, or their respective affiliates be paid by us any finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate, the completion of our initial business combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is).
−Removed: Some of our officers and directors may enter into employment or consulting agreements with the post‑business combination company following our initial business combination.
−Removed: The presence or absence of any such fees or arrangements will not be used as a criterion in our selection process of an acquisition candidate.
−Removed: We are not prohibited from pursuing an initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with our sponsor, officers or directors.
−Removed: In the event we seek to complete our initial business combination with a company that is affiliated with our sponsor or any of our officers or directors, we, or a committee of independent directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm that is a member of FINRA or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that such initial business combination is fair to our company from a financial point of view.
−Removed: We are not required to obtain such an opinion in any other context.
−Removed: Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have, additional, fiduciary or contractual obligations to other entities, including entities that are affiliates of our sponsor, pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present a business combination opportunity to such entity.
−Removed: Accordingly, if any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such business combination opportunity to such entity, subject to their fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands law.
−Removed: Selection of a Target Business and Structuring of Our Initial Business Combination
−Removed: In evaluating a prospective target business, we expect to conduct an extensive due diligence review which may encompass, as applicable and among other things, meetings with incumbent management and employees, document reviews, interviews of customers and suppliers, inspection of facilities and a review of financial and other information about the target and its industry.
−Removed: We will also utilize our management team’s operational and capital planning experience.
−Removed: If we determine to move forward with a particular target, we will proceed to structure and negotiate the terms of the business combination transaction.
−Removed: The time required to select and evaluate a target business and to structure and complete our initial business combination, and the costs associated with this process, are not currently ascertainable with any degree of certainty.
−Removed: Any costs incurred with respect to the identification and evaluation of, and negotiation with, a prospective target business with which our initial business combination is not ultimately completed will result in our incurring losses and will reduce the funds we can use to complete another business combination.
−Removed: The company will not pay any consulting fees to members of our management team, or their respective affiliates, for services rendered to or in
−Removed: connection with our initial business combination .
−Removed: In addition, we have agreed not to enter into a definitive agreement regarding an initial business combination without the prior consent of our Sponsor .
−Removed: Lack of Business Diversification
−Removed: For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial business combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the future performance of a single business.
−Removed: Unlike other entities that have the resources to complete business combinations with multiple entities in one or several industries, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations and mitigate the risks of being in a single line of business.
−Removed: By completing our initial business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:
−Removed: subject us to negative economic, competitive and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact on the particular industry in which we operate after our initial business combination;
−Removed: cause us to depend on the marketing and sale of a single product or limited number of products or services.
−Removed: Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target’s Management Team
−Removed: Although we closely scrutinize the management of a prospective target business, including the management team of Rigetti, when evaluating the desirability of effecting our initial business combination with that business, our assessment of the target business’s management may not prove to be correct.
−Removed: In addition, the future management may not have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company.
−Removed: Furthermore, the future role of members of our management team, if any, in the target business cannot presently be stated with any certainty.
−Removed: The determination as to whether any of the members of our management team will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination.
−Removed: While it is possible that one or more of our directors will remain associated in some capacity with us following our initial business combination, it is unlikely that any of them will devote their full efforts to our affairs subsequent to our initial business combination.
−Removed: Moreover, we cannot assure you that members of our management team will have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that any of our key personnel will remain in senior management or advisory positions with the combined company.
−Removed: The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination.
−Removed: Following a business combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
−Removed: Shareholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve Our Initial Business Combination
−Removed: We may conduct redemptions without a shareholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC subject to the provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
−Removed: However, we will seek shareholder approval if it is required by applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements (as is the case in the Rigetti business combination), or we may decide to seek shareholder approval for business or other reasons.
−Removed: Under the NYSE’s listing rules, shareholder approval would typically be required for our initial business combination if, for example:
−Removed: we issue ordinary shares that will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of our ordinary shares then-outstanding (other than in a public offering);
−Removed: any of our directors, officers or substantial security holder (as defined by the NYSE rules) has a 5% or greater interest (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in the target business or assets to be acquired or otherwise and the present or potential issuance of ordinary
−Removed: share s could result in an increase in issued and outstanding ordinary share s or voting power of 1% or more (or 5% or more if the related party involved is classified as such solely because such person is a substantial security holder);
−Removed: the issuance or potential issuance of ordinary shares will result in our undergoing a change of control.
−Removed: The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed business combination in those instances in which shareholder approval is not required by law will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on business and reasons, which include a variety of factors, including, but not limited to:
−Removed: the timing of the transaction, including in the event we determine shareholder approval would require additional time and there is either not enough time to seek shareholder approval or doing so would place the company at a disadvantage in the transaction or result in other additional burdens on the company;
−Removed: the expected cost of holding a shareholder vote;
−Removed: the risk that the shareholders would fail to approve the proposed business combination;
−Removed: other time and budget constraints of the company;
−Removed: additional legal complexities of a proposed business combination that would be time-consuming and burdensome to present to shareholders.
−Removed: Permitted Purchases and Other Transactions with Respect to Our Securities
−Removed: If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our Sponsor, directors, executive officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase public shares or warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination.
−Removed: Additionally, at any time at or prior to our initial business combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), our Sponsor, directors, executive officers, advisors or their affiliates may enter into transactions with investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares, vote their public shares in favor of our initial business combination or not redeem their public shares.
−Removed: However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions.
−Removed: None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase public shares or warrants in such transactions.
−Removed: If they engage in such transactions, they will be restricted from making any such purchases when they are in possession of any material non-public information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
−Removed: In the event that our Sponsor, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights or submitted a proxy to vote against our initial business combination, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares and any proxy to vote against our initial business combination.
−Removed: We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act;
−Removed: however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will be required to comply with such rules.
−Removed: The purpose of any such transaction could be to (i) vote in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the business combination, (ii) reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination or (iii) satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met.
−Removed: Any such purchases of our securities may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible.
−Removed: In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our Class A ordinary shares or public warrants may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may also be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.
−Removed: Our Sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates anticipate that they may identify the shareholders with whom our Sponsor, officers, directors or their affiliates may pursue privately negotiated transactions by either the shareholders contacting us directly or by our receipt of redemption requests submitted by shareholders (in the case of Class A ordinary shares) following our mailing of tender offer or proxy materials in connection with our initial business combination.
−Removed: To the extent that our Sponsor, officers, directors, advisors or their affiliates enter into a private transaction, they would identify and contact only potential selling or redeeming shareholders who have expressed their election to redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the Trust Account or vote against our initial business combination, whether or not such shareholder has already submitted a proxy with respect to our initial business combination but only if such shares have not already been voted at the general meeting related to our initial business combination.
−Removed: Our Sponsor, executive officers, directors, advisors or their affiliates will select which shareholders to purchase shares from based on the negotiated price and number of shares and any other factors that they may deem relevant and will be restricted from purchasing shares if such purchases do not comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and the other federal securities laws.
−Removed: Our Sponsor, officers, directors and/or their affiliates are restricted from making purchases of shares if the purchases would violate Section 9(a)(2) or Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act.
−Removed: We expect any such purchases would be reported by such person pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.
−Removed: Redemption Rights for Public Shareholders upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination
−Removed: We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their public shares upon the completion of our initial business combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, if any, divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations described herein.
−Removed: The amount in the Trust Account was initially $10.00 per public share.
−Removed: The per-share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions we will pay to the underwriters.
−Removed: The redemption rights will include the requirement that a beneficial holder must identify itself in order to validly redeem its shares.
−Removed: There will be no redemption rights upon the completion of our initial business combination with respect to our warrants.
−Removed: Further, we will not proceed with redeeming our public shares, even if a public shareholder has properly elected to redeem its shares, if a business combination does not close.
−Removed: Our Sponsor and each member of our management team have entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Class B ordinary shares they hold if we fail to consummate an initial business combination by March 4, 2023 (although they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any public shares they hold if we fail to complete our initial business combination by March 4, 2023).
−Removed: Manner of Conducting Redemptions
−Removed: We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their public shares upon the completion of our initial business combination either (i) in connection with a general meeting called to approve the business combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer.
−Removed: The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a business combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion.
−Removed: Asset acquisitions and share purchases would not typically require shareholder approval while direct mergers with our company where we do not survive and any transactions where we issue more than 20% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares or seek to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association would typically require shareholder approval.
−Removed: We currently intend to conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote unless shareholder approval is not required by applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement or we choose to conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC for business or other reasons.
−Removed: So long as we obtain and maintain a listing for our securities on the NYSE, we are required to comply with the NYSE rules.
−Removed: If we hold a shareholder vote to approve our initial business combination , we will, pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association:
−Removed: conduct the redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules;
−Removed: file proxy materials with the SEC.
−Removed: We expect that a final proxy statement would be mailed to public shareholders at least 10 days prior to the shareholder vote.
−Removed: However, we expect that a draft proxy statement would be made available to such shareholders well in advance of such time, providing additional notice of redemption if we conduct redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation.
−Removed: Although we are not required to do so, we currently intend to comply with the substantive and procedural requirements of Regulation 14A in connection with any shareholder vote even if we are not able to maintain our NYSE listing or Exchange Act registration.
−Removed: In the event that we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide our public shareholders with the redemption rights described above upon completion of the initial business combination.
−Removed: If we seek shareholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if we obtain the approval of an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at a general meeting of the company.
−Removed: In such case, our Sponsor and each member of our management team have agreed to vote their Founder Shares and public shares in favor of our initial business combination.
−Removed: We expect that our initial shareholders and their permitted transferees will own at least 20% of our outstanding ordinary shares at the time of any such shareholder vote.
−Removed: As a result, in addition to our initial purchaser’s Founder Shares, we would need 12,937,500, or 37.5% (assuming all issued and outstanding shares are voted and the over-allotment option is not exercised), or 2,156,250, or 6.25% (assuming only the minimum number of shares representing a quorum are voted and the over-allotment option is not exercised), of the 34,500,000 public shares sold in the IPO to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved.
−Removed: Each public shareholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction or vote at all.
−Removed: In addition, our Sponsor and each member of our management team have entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares and public shares held by them in connection with (i) the completion of a business combination, and (ii) a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) that would modify the substance or timing of our obligation to provide holders of our Class A ordinary shares the right to have their shares redeemed in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within the Completion Window or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of holders of our Class A ordinary shares.
−Removed: If we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association:
−Removed: conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14e of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers;
−Removed: file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial business combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies.
−Removed: Upon the public announcement of our initial business combination, if we elect to conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, we and our Sponsor will terminate any plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 to purchase Class A ordinary shares in the open market, in order to comply with Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act.
−Removed: In the event we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, our offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted to
−Removed: complete our initial business combination until the expiration of the tender offer period.
−Removed: In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on public shareholders not tendering more than the number of public shares we are permitted to redeem.
−Removed: If public shareholders tender more shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offer and not complete such initial business combination .
−Removed: Limitation on Redemption upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination If We Seek Shareholder Approval
−Removed: If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in the IPO, which we refer to as “Excess Shares,” without our prior consent.
−Removed: We believe this restriction will discourage shareholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to exercise their redemption rights against a proposed business combination as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms.
−Removed: Absent this provision, a public shareholder holding more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in the IPO could threaten to exercise its redemption rights if such holder’s shares are not purchased by us, our Sponsor or our management at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms.
−Removed: By limiting our shareholders’ ability to redeem no more than 15% of the shares sold in the IPO without our prior consent, we believe we will limit the ability of a small group of shareholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial business combination, particularly in connection with a Business Combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash.
−Removed: However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including Excess Shares) for or against our initial business combination.
−Removed: Tendering Share Certificates in Connection with a Tender Offer or Redemption Rights
−Removed: Public shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” will be required to either tender their certificates (if any) to our transfer agent prior to the date set forth in the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, mailed to such holders, or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holder’s option, in each case up to two business days prior to the initially scheduled vote to approve the business combination.
−Removed: The proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will indicate the applicable delivery requirements, which will include the requirement that a beneficial holder must identify itself in order to validly redeem its shares.
−Removed: Accordingly, a public shareholder would have from the time we send out our tender offer materials until the close of the tender offer period, or up to two business days prior to the initially scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the business combination if we distribute proxy materials, as applicable, to tender its shares if it wishes to seek to exercise its redemption rights.
−Removed: Given the relatively short period in which to exercise redemption rights, it is advisable for shareholders to use electronic delivery of their public shares.
−Removed: There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC System.
−Removed: The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker a fee of approximately $80.00 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming holder.
−Removed: However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require holders seeking to exercise redemption rights to tender their shares.
−Removed: The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising redemption rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated.
−Removed: The foregoing is different from the procedures used by many blank check companies.
−Removed: In order to perfect redemption rights in connection with their business combinations, many blank check companies would distribute proxy materials for the shareholders’ vote on an initial business combination, and a holder could simply vote against a proposed business combination and check a box on the proxy card indicating such holder was seeking to exercise his or her redemption rights.
−Removed: After the business combination was approved, the company would contact such shareholder to arrange for him or her to deliver his or her certificate to verify ownership.
−Removed: As a result, the shareholder then had an
−Removed: “option window” after the completion of the business combination during which he or she could monitor the price of the company’s shares in the market.
−Removed: If the price rose above the redemption price, he or she could sell his or her shares in the open market before actually delivering his or her shares to the company for cancellation.
−Removed: As a result, the redemption rights, to which shareholders were aware they needed to commit before the general meeting, would become “option” rights surviving past the completion of the business combination until the redeeming holder delivered its certificate.
−Removed: The requirement for physical or electronic delivery prior to the meeting ensures that a redeeming shareholder’s election to redeem is irrevocable once the business combination is approved.
−Removed: Any request to redeem such shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to two business days prior to the initially scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the business combination, unless otherwise agreed to by us.
−Removed: Furthermore, if a holder of a public share delivered its certificate in connection with an election of redemption rights and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, such holder may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically).
−Removed: It is anticipated that the funds to be distributed to holders of our public shares electing to redeem their shares will be distributed promptly after the completion of our initial business combination.
−Removed: If our initial business combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public shareholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to redeem their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account.
−Removed: In such case, we will promptly return any certificates delivered by public holders who elected to redeem their shares.
−Removed: If our initial proposed business combination is not completed, we may continue to try to complete a business combination with a different target until 24 months from the closing of the IPO.
−Removed: Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation If No Initial Business Combination
−Removed: Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we will have only 24 months from the closing of the IPO, to consummate an initial business combination.
−Removed: If we have not completed our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO, we will:
−Removed: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up;
−Removed: (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our income taxes, if any (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses) divided by the number of the then-outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any);
−Removed: and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
−Removed: There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to consummate an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO.
−Removed: Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that, if we wind up for any other reason prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, we will follow the foregoing procedures with respect to the liquidation of the trust account as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, subject to applicable Cayman Islands law.
−Removed: Our sponsor and each member of our management team have entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any Founder Shares they hold if we fail to consummate an initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO or during any extension period (although they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any public shares they hold if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame).
−Removed: Our sponsor, executive officers, directors and director nominees have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (a) that would modify the substance or timing of our obligation to provide holders of our Class A ordinary shares the right to have their shares redeemed in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO or (b) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of holders of our Class A ordinary shares, unless we
−Removed: provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our income taxes, if any, divided by the number of the then-outstanding public shares.
−Removed: However, we may not redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets, after payment of the deferred underwriting commissions, to be less than $5,000,001 either prior to or upon consummation of an initial business combination (so that we do not then become subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules).
−Removed: If this optional redemption right is exercised with respect to an excessive number of public shares such that we cannot satisfy the net tangible asset requirement, we would not proceed with the amendment or the related redemption of our public shares at such time.
−Removed: This redemption right shall apply in the event of the approval of any such amendment, whether proposed by our sponsor, any executive officer, director or director nominee, or any other person.
−Removed: We expect that all costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from amounts remaining out of the $1,200,000 held outside the trust account plus up to $100,000 of funds from the trust account available to us to pay dissolution expenses, although we cannot assure you that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose.
−Removed: If we were to expend all of the net proceeds of the IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, the per-share redemption amount received by shareholders upon our dissolution would be $10.00.
−Removed: The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors which would have higher priority than the claims of our public shareholders.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that the actual per-share redemption amount received by shareholders will not be less than $10.00.
−Removed: While we intend to pay such amounts, if any, we cannot assure you that we will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.
−Removed: Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public shareholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account including, but not limited, to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account.
−Removed: If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative.
−Removed: Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third-party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver.
−Removed: The underwriters of the IPO will not execute an agreement with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account.
−Removed: In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason.
−Removed: In order to protect the amounts held in the trust account, our sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to us (other than our independent registered public accounting firm), or a prospective target business with which we have discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amounts in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per public share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest that may be withdrawn to pay our tax obligations, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
−Removed: In the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, our sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims.
−Removed: However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and we believe that our sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company.
−Removed: Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations.
−Removed: None of our officers or directors will
−Removed: indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.
−Removed: In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per public share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay our income tax obligations, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations.
−Removed: While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance.
−Removed: Accordingly, we cannot assure you that due to claims of creditors the actual value of the per-share redemption price will not be less than $10.00 per public share.
−Removed: We will seek to reduce the possibility that our sponsor will have to indemnify the trust account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the trust account.
−Removed: Our sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
−Removed: We will have access to up to $1,200,000 following the IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants with which to pay any such potential claims (including costs and expenses incurred in connection with our liquidation, currently estimated to be no more than approximately $100,000).
−Removed: In the event that we liquidate, and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, shareholders who received funds from our trust account could be liable for claims made by creditors, however such liability will not be greater than the amount of funds from our trust account received by any such shareholder.
−Removed: In the event that our offering expenses exceed our estimate of $1,200,000, we may fund such excess with funds from the funds not to be held in the trust account.
−Removed: In such case, the amount of funds we intend to be held outside the trust account would decrease by a corresponding amount.
−Removed: Conversely, in the event that the offering expenses are less than our estimate of $1,200,000, the amount of funds we intend to be held outside the trust account would increase by a corresponding amount.
−Removed: If we file a bankruptcy or winding-up petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or winding-up petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law and may be included in our bankruptcy or insolvency estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders.
−Removed: To the extent any bankruptcy or insolvency claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you we will be able to return $10.00 per public share to our public shareholders.
−Removed: Additionally, if we file a bankruptcy or winding-up petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or winding-up petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy or insolvency laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy or insolvency court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders.
−Removed: Furthermore, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
−Removed: Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only (i) in the event of the redemption of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO, (ii) in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to provide holders of our Class A ordinary shares the right to have their shares redeemed in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of holders of our Class A ordinary shares, or (iii) if they redeem their respective shares for cash upon the completion of the initial business combination.
−Removed: Public shareholders who redeem their Class A ordinary shares in connection with a shareholder vote described in clause (ii) in the preceding sentence shall not be entitled to funds from the trust account upon the subsequent completion of an initial business combination or liquidation if we have not completed our initial business combination within 24 months from the closing of the IPO, with respect to such Class A ordinary shares so redeemed.
−Removed: In no other circumstances will a
−Removed: shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account.
−Removed: In the event we seek shareholder approval in connection with our initial business combination, a shareholder’s voting in connection with the business combination alone will not result in a shareholder’s redeeming its shares to us for an applicable pro rata share of the trust account.
−Removed: Such shareholder must have also exercised its redemption rights described above.
−Removed: These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, like all provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, may be amended with a shareholder vote.
−Removed: If we succeed in effecting the business combination with Rigetti, there will be, in all likelihood, significant competition from Rigetti’s competitors.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that, subsequent to the business combination, New Rigetti will have the resources or ability to compete effectively.
−Removed: In the event the Rigetti business combination is not consummated, in identifying, evaluating and selecting other target businesses for our initial business combination, we may encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other blank check companies, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, public companies, and operating businesses seeking strategic acquisitions.
−Removed: Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates.
−Removed: Moreover, many of these competitors possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us.
−Removed: Our ability to acquire larger target businesses will be limited by our available financial resources.
−Removed: This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of a target business.
−Removed: Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our public shareholders who exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination and our outstanding warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses.
−Removed: Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination.
−Removed: We currently have four executive officers.
−Removed: These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters, but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial business combination.
−Removed: The amount of time they will devote in any time period will vary based on the stage of the business combination process we are in.
−Removed: We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination.
−Removed: Periodic Reporting and Financial Information
−Removed: We have registered our units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants under the Exchange Act and have reporting obligations, including the requirement that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC.
−Removed: In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, our annual reports will contain financial statements audited and reported on by our independent registered public accountants.
−Removed: We will provide shareholders with audited financial statements of the prospective target business as part of the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, sent to shareholders.
−Removed: These financial statements may be required to be prepared in accordance with, or reconciled to, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), or IFRS, depending on the circumstances, and the historical financial statements may be required to be audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.
−Removed: These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential target businesses we may acquire because some targets may be unable to provide such statements in time for us to disclose such statements in accordance with federal proxy rules and complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame.
−Removed: We cannot assure you that any particular target business identified by us as a potential acquisition candidate will have financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements outlined above, or that the potential target business will be able to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the requirements outlined above.
−Removed: To the extent that these requirements cannot be met, we may not be able to acquire the proposed target business.
−Removed: While this may limit the pool of potential acquisition candidates, we do not believe that this limitation will be material.
−Removed: We will be required to evaluate our internal control procedures for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
−Removed: Only in the event we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer and no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, will we not be required to comply with the independent
−Removed: registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting.
−Removed: A target business may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding adequacy of their internal controls.
−Removed: The development of the internal controls of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such acquisition.
−Removed: Our securities are registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
−Removed: As a result, we will be subject to the rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act.
−Removed: We have no current intention of filing a Form 15 to suspend our reporting or other obligations under the Exchange Act prior or subsequent to the consummation of our initial business combination.
−Removed: We are a Cayman Islands exempted company.
−Removed: Exempted companies are Cayman Islands companies conducting business mainly outside the Cayman Islands and, as such, are exempted from complying with certain provisions of the Companies Act.
−Removed: As an exempted company, we have applied for and received a tax exemption undertaking from the Cayman Islands government that, in accordance with Section 6 of the Tax Concessions Act (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 20 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations will apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax will be payable (i) on or in respect of our shares, debentures or other obligations or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by us to our shareholders or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of us.
−Removed: We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act.
−Removed: As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
−Removed: If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.
−Removed: In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
−Removed: In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.
−Removed: We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.
−Removed: We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Class A ordinary shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
−Removed: Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K.
−Removed: Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of consolidated audited financial statements.
−Removed: We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, and (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year or the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30.
+Added: Our approach to developing and sustaining strong competitive advantage relies on a four-pronged strategy:
+Added: Create high performance quantum computing systems through full-stack product development.
+Added: From the outset, we have approached the market opportunity with a strategy to build quantum computers, the superconducting processors that power them, and the software required to access and program these systems.
+Added: We believe that vertical integration, from chip manufacturing through cloud delivery, unlocks the fastest and lowest risk path to broad commercialization and the largest, long-term market opportunity.
+Added: This was underscored by our announcement of the industry’s first multi-chip quantum processor for scalable quantum computers, a capability realized through many innovations from Fab-1.
+Added: Leverage cloud to provide broad access to our quantum computers.
+Added: We have been providing cloud access to our quantum computers since 2017 and have since expanded the availability of our machines through distribution agreements with other solution providers including Amazon Braket, Microsoft, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (“ORNL”) and Strangeworks.
+Added: Cloud services efficiently simplify access to our quantum computers and allow for pricing that enables a broad range of scientific, commercial and academic developers to readily participate in the development of quantum computing algorithms, applications and software development tools.
+Added: Collectively, these cloud services provide a range of choices and capabilities designed to meet the diverse needs of large and small organizations alike.
+Added: Develop deep partnerships that accelerate the development and commercialization of quantum computing.
+Added: We have formed commercial partnerships with business and government entities that are designed to advance their mutual understanding of the opportunities, challenges and solutions necessary for quantum computing to excel in specific real-world applications.
+Added: Examples of these partnerships include our contracted relationships with DARPA, the DOE’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (“Fermilab”) and ORNL.
+Added: We believe these types of highly collaborative, multi-year relationships will yield specialized and proprietary market insights and technological advancements.
+Added: We expect the number and scope of these types of partnerships to expand as the capabilities of our quantum computers continue to grow.
+Added: Advance our technology leadership position .
+Added: We have invested heavily in a world-class and multidisciplinary team of scientists, hardware and software engineers, system designers and algorithm and application developers to rapidly innovate, invent, engineer and commercialize our quantum computing technologies.
+Added: We have also developed numerous proprietary technologies required to create quantum computing chips, quantum computer systems, software and cloud-based services and we rigorously protect our unique intellectual property through a portfolio of 165 patents issued and pending (as of the date hereof).
+Added: We intend to continue deeply investing in finding and fostering the talent required to remain at the forefront of quantum computing innovation, while protecting our growing base of intellectual property.
+Added: In February 2023, we updated our business strategy and revised our technology roadmap to focus on nearer-term priorities and focus efforts to achieve narrow quantum advantage.
+Added: We made further refinements following our internal deployment for testing in March 2023 of Ankaa-1, our 84-qubit system delivering denser qubit spacing and tunable couplers.
+Added: We now plan to:
+Added: Concentrate on refining the performance of Ankaa-1.
+Added: Upon the anticipated external launch of the Ankaa-1 84-qubit system, which is expected to be to select customers, continue efforts to improve the performance of the system with the goal of reaching at least 98% 2-qubit gate fidelity to support the anticipated Ankaa-2 84-qubit system.
+Added: Launch the anticipated Ankaa-2 84 qubit system, continuing to work to improve performance with the goal of reaching at least 99% gate fidelity on Ankaa-2.
+Added: If the above targets are achieved, we plan to shift focus to scaling to develop Lyra, an anticipated 336-qubit system.
+Added: Business Model & Services
+Added: Currently, we generate the majority of our revenues from technology development contracts with various partners.
+Added: We believe our longer term business model will be more weighted towards recurring revenues generated from quantum computing systems made accessible via the cloud in the form of QCaaS products.
+Added: Quantum Computing as a Service (QCaaS)
+Added: We design, build, own, and operate quantum computers and sell access to these systems through cloud-based services, commonly referred to as QCaaS.
+Added: This approach enables us to serve a wide range of customers without the complexity and cost associated with shipping, operating and servicing complex and cryogenic computing equipment on customer premises.
+Added: Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services
+Added: The company’s flagship product is Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services.
+Added: QCS is a platform to deliver high-performance quantum computing over the cloud.
+Added: QCS features a hybrid quantum-classical computing environment that incorporates Rigetti quantum computers operating in tandem with cloud infrastructure.
+Added: It provides support for a broad range of programming capabilities, the ability to integrate over public or private clouds, and high-speed connectivity to auxiliary classical computing resources.
+Added: The product is designed to meet the needs of a diverse set of customers that all benefit from the high-performance nature of its core computational capabilities.
+Added: Central to QCS are two very powerful sets of technologies developed by our quantum processing units (“QPUs”), and our quantum operating system, as described below.
+Added: Rigetti Quantum Processing Units .
+Added: At the heart of QCS are the proprietary QPUs that perform quantum computations.
+Added: Our QPUs contain fabricated silicon-based chips featuring superconducting qubits.
+Added: These high-performance chips provide fast gate times, low latency conditional logic, and fast program execution times.
+Added: Rigetti QPUs are designed and fabricated at Fab-1, leveraging novel manufacturing methods to create state-of-the-art superconducting qubits.
+Added: Production versions of QCS currently utilize our Aspen-M series chips with 80 qubits.
+Added: Quantum Operating System Software .
+Added: QCS’s computing environment is powered by a distributed quantum operating system that natively supports both public and private cloud architectures.
+Added: The operating system software includes a rich set of quantum application and software development tools designed to unlock the capabilities of the quantum computing ecosystem by:
+Added: Enabling customers to access Rigetti QPUs through a broad range of quantum application software, development frameworks and algorithm libraries;
+Added: Providing software and algorithm developers with the performance and fine-grained control required to expedite a new era of computational breakthroughs;
+Added: Facilitating the implementation of high performance public and private clouds with ultra-low latency connectivity between classical hardware and Rigetti QPUs.
+Added: Rigetti’s quantum computing facility in Berkeley, California includes both research and development and production quantum processing units, which are each housed in a cryogenic refrigerator.
+Added: Direct QCaaS Distribution
+Added: We provide access on a commercial basis to our quantum computers over QCS, directly engaging with enterprises and government organizations making significant investments in quantum computing research, development and readiness.
+Added: We believe many of these customers will have performance, customization and integration requirements best met by our ability to engage deeply, and directly, with these kinds of clients.
+Added: We believe the company’s full-stack product development approach, and strategy of forging collaborative customer partnerships, positions the company to be a highly valued and long-term provider of quantum computing services to these organizations.
+Added: To date, these direct customer relationships have been with customers using QCS for general quantum computing research, algorithm development, algorithm benchmarking and software development activities.
+Added: They represent a cross section of industries, government agencies and partners in the quantum computing ecosystem.
+Added: Indirect QCaaS Distribution
+Added: There are a large and growing number of providers of classical computing services over the cloud.
+Added: This creates an opportunity for us to efficiently reach a broad set of end-users, indirectly, by partnering with cloud computing service providers, who in turn sell access to our quantum computer systems to their own customers.
+Added: The indirect distribution model is enabled by the same QCS platform used in the direct distribution model, providing us with powerful business leverage in addressing the needs of customers in different market segments.
+Added: In this instance, we can capitalize on our full-stack product development capabilities to meet the unique requirements of cloud-service providers.
+Added: For example, one cloud provider or HPC operator might need deep and high-performance integration with a specific Machine Learning service they provide, while another might desire a fast and easy way for small customers to be introduced to quantum computing.
+Added: We have signed a distribution agreement with Amazon’s Braket service and Microsoft’s Azure Quantum Service, providing access to our quantum computing systems to AWS and Azure customers.
+Added: We have also signed a distribution agreement with ORNL, a U.S.
+Added: government entity that provides state-of-the-art computational infrastructure to government researchers.
+Added: Similarly, we have signed a distribution agreement with Strangeworks, a provider of quantum computing enablement software, services and computational resources.
+Added: Key Technology Development Partnerships
+Added: We enter into multi-year development partnerships with organizations that have specialized technical expertise and a strong interest in advancing their understanding and application of quantum computing technology.
+Added: These partnerships can provide us with deep insight into the unique requirements of market leaders in key industries;
+Added: advance our engineering and product development capabilities;
+Added: and lead to the creation of new hardware and software products.
+Added: Examples of our development partnerships include contracts with:
+Added: Fermilab and the U.S.
+Added: DOE’s Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (“SQMS”), to advance the development of scalable and high performance quantum processors;
+Added: DARPA and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”) to create quantum computing systems, software and algorithms for optimization applications;
+Added: Innovate UK, as part of the British government’s effort to accelerate commercialization of quantum computing in the United Kingdom and to pursue practical applications in machine learning, molecular simulation and financial optimization.
+Added: We expect to add new development partnerships as the capabilities of our quantum computer systems grow and the market’s readiness and interest in quantum computing continues to mature.
+Added: Rigetti Foundry Services
+Added: Rigetti Foundry Services leverages the company’s US-based in-house fabrication facility to deliver superconducting quantum chips to advance and accelerate quantum information science and technology research and development efforts.
+Added: Customers include researchers spanning academia, defense laboratories, and national laboratories.
+Added: A Rigetti employee inspects a silicon wafer with superconducting quantum integrated circuits that was fabricated at Rigetti’s Fab-1 facility.
+Added: Professional Services
+Added: In certain engagements, we provide professional services that enhance and advance our customers’ ability to consume our core products and services.
+Added: Our engineers can augment a client’s internal capabilities with expertise in algorithm development, benchmarking, quantum application programming and software development.
+Added: These fee-based services can enhance our customer’s readiness for quantum, accelerate our customer’s timelines for meaningful discoveries, and increase our depth of knowledge about key application domains and customer requirements for quantum computing in different industries.
+Added: Key Applications
+Added: Quantum computing is expected to drive value across many different applications and industries.
+Added: We believe that many of the principal benefits in these areas will spring from four different types of computational problems that are particularly well suited to quantum computing:
+Added: optimization, machine learning, simulation and quantum mechanical system simulation.
+Added: The computational properties of a quantum computer inherently support the problem-solving requirements of extremely complex optimization calculations because quantum computers possess the ability to simultaneously evaluate very large numbers of variables, and each additional qubit in a quantum computer exponentially scales our information processing capacity.
+Added: We believe that quantum computers could allow highly accurate optimization models to be continuously refreshed to reflect the impact of changing conditions on available solutions, ultimately leading to better and more responsive plans and decision-making.
+Added: Many of the world’s largest and most valuable industries could potentially benefit from enhanced optimization enabled by quantum computing.
+Added: In financial services, optimization could be applied to portfolio management, algorithmic trading and risk assessment.
+Added: In telecommunications, optimization could be applied to call routing and network capacity planning.
+Added: In manufacturing, optimization could help with workforce, warehouses and supply chain planning.
+Added: In transport, there are logistics applications like fleet routing, driver scheduling, and package loading and delivery that could benefit from further optimization.
+Added: These types of problems can quickly overwhelm classical computers due to the large numbers of variables that need to be evaluated, which exponentially scales the computational power required with each additional possibility to be considered.
+Added: For example, in a vehicle routing problem involving roundtrips to just 10 destinations there can be more than 300,000 permutations to be considered;
+Added: with 15 destinations, the number of possible routes exceeds 87 billion.
+Added: If you factor in other real-world considerations such as delivery cost, fleet size, driver availability, or service level agreements, you can see the intractable nature of these kinds of problems in full display.
+Added: One of the most active fields of quantum algorithm research is the area of constrained combinatorial optimization.
+Added: These mathematical equations can arrive at approximate results with a close-to-optimal solution across many possible outcomes-a result that would create high value in many different industries, particularly when the exact solution is unknowable utilizing a classical computer.
+Added: We are exploring the application of our quantum computers for high value optimization problems including a partnership with NASA and DARPA for secure dynamic message scheduling using high-demand space and national security assets.
+Added: In January 2022, we were selected to deliver hardware, software and benchmarks for Phase 2 of DARPA’s ONISQ program to develop quantum computers capable of solving complex scheduling optimization problems, with a focus on quantum advantage for currently available or soon to be available quantum processors.
+Added: The award was based upon us successfully completing our performance milestones in Phase I of the program, and is targeting Rigetti’s Aspen-M 80 processor, and our next generation Ankaa processor.
+Added: In March 2022, we were selected to lead a program to develop benchmarks for quantum application performance on large-scale quantum computers as part of DARPA’s Quantum Benchmarking Program.
+Added: The goal of this program is to re-invent key quantum computing metrics, make those metrics testable, and estimate the required quantum and classical resources needed to reach critical performance thresholds
+Added: Machine Learning
+Added: Machine learning is a well-established field, with broad application, that today is already having a transformative impact on a myriad of markets.
+Added: The potential market opportunity for machine-learning is currently estimated at $16 billion with expected compound annual growth rates through 2028 of 39%, according to market research from Fortune Business Insights.
+Added: Boston Consulting Group projects that machine learning applications with fully fault tolerant quantum computers could produce $150 billion to $220 billion in annual potential value creation for end users and technology providers.
+Added: At the core of any machine learning application is a series of computations, typically expressed in linear algebra, applied to vast amounts of data in order to do things such as reliably classifying objects and making data-driven predictions.
+Added: Today, cloud computing and HPC have been the predominant sources of the computational capabilities required to create effective machine learning algorithms, models and data analysis applications.
+Added: But, the efficiency of HPC-powered machine learning algorithms is limited when faced with richer and larger data sets.
+Added: For that reason, computer scientists have looked toward the computational promise of quantum computers, and the development of quantum-based algorithms, as a means of both accelerating current machine learning algorithms and creating new approaches that are currently impossible on classical computers.
+Added: Given these factors, the emerging field of QML is the focus of much of the current research and development occurring on quantum computers today.
+Added: We already see emerging machine learning algorithms that take advantage of the unique capabilities of quantum computing to tackle the complex linear algebra problems at the heart of many machine learning tasks.
+Added: In fact, recent research has emerged demonstrating that quantum algorithms could work better than classical ones for critical machine learning classification problems.
+Added: As algorithmic research continues to progress, some of these quantum algorithms are improving to the point where their benefits may be realized on smaller scale quantum computers.
+Added: Research has also demonstrated the promising application of QML, for Generative Adversarial Networks, (“GANs”), a deep learning technique where a neural network is used to generate highly accurate and new examples that could plausibly have come from an original dataset.
+Added: The potential utilization of quantum computing for GANs alone is far-reaching and could be impactful in large markets like:
+Added: healthcare - for medical image analysis used to detect and categorize tumors and predict their growth;
+Added: drug discovery - for generating molecular structure candidates for medicines to target or cure diseases;
+Added: finance and banking - for creating models that can detect financial fraud based upon predictive patterns rather than rules determined by previously observed behaviors;
+Added: defense and intelligence - for reliably enhancing low resolution satellite imagery into high resolution photography.
+Added: In 2022, we previously partnered with researchers at a U.S.
+Added: government agency on a generative modeling application for weather forecasting.
+Added: In this instance, we leveraged a combination of classical and QML techniques to produce high-quality synthetic weather radar data.
+Added: Meteorological scoring metrics for storm prediction were in some cases augmented using the QML relative to the purely classical implementation.
+Added: With additional refinement to the underlying methods, combined with the current pace of scaling and performance improvements in quantum hardware, the researchers believe the synthetic weather data application could be a strong candidate for quantum advantage and operational deployment.
+Added: In addition, we believe QML for finance is poised to be an early domain of quantum advantage.
+Added: We recently partnered with Standard Chartered using QML to provide a deeper understanding of QML capabilities and the value of their datasets.
+Added: Classical computers have been used for decades in critical applications that model real-world processes or systems in order to study their behaviors over time.
+Added: These computer-based simulations have had an enormous impact on fields like pharmaceuticals, material science, finance, logistics, aerospace, defense and computer-aided design and engineering.
+Added: The global market for simulation software alone is projected to grow from $12.7 billion in 2020 to $26.9 billion in 2026 according to Markets & Markets.
+Added: BCG projects that simulation applications with fully fault tolerant quantum computers could produce $160 billion to $330 billion in annual potential value creation for end users and technology providers over the next 15 to 30 years.
+Added: Simulations are essentially mathematical models of a system and hence are logical candidates to benefit from quantum computing.
+Added: Many important systems, such as molecular structures, cannot be accurately modeled due to the level of complexity associated with representing the properties and behaviors of the key elemental components.
+Added: We believe that quantum computers possess inherent advantages that will allow them to accurately model systems with large numbers of variables that are far outside the reach of classical computers today.
+Added: Quantum Mechanical System Simulations
+Added: The essential building blocks of nature, whose understanding has been the driver of many breakthrough innovations in pharmaceuticals, healthcare, energy, and material science, are the microscopic systems of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles like electrons and protons.
+Added: The properties and behaviors of these quantum mechanical systems can be expressed in mathematical rules that have been verified experimentally with high degrees of accuracy, but the complexity associated with such calculations, and their applicability to existing and potential molecular and atomic structures, has proven to be outside the realm of capability for today’s classical computers.
+Added: Scientists have not found a way to rapidly and accurately model most quantum mechanical systems on a computational device that itself is not quantum in nature.
+Added: Conversely, we believe quantum computers have the potential to efficiently model the relevant set of potential interactions between quantum mechanical elements because they natively reflect the essential properties of quantum systems and behaviors like entanglement, superposition and wave functions.
+Added: Drug discovery is among the fields where research into the applicability of quantum computing for simulating quantum mechanical systems is producing considerable enthusiasm.
+Added: With the growing high costs to develop new drugs, a quantum-based approach that could help pharmaceutical companies evaluate thousands of potential compounds for a targeted therapeutic, and avoid failed outcomes in costly clinical trials, would have an enormously positive economic and societal effect.
+Added: Other high potential impact areas for quantum mechanical simulations include the design of chemical catalysts, computational fluid dynamics in aerospace engineering, and nuclear fusion for clean energy.
+Added: We have several active partnerships with clients developing simulations of quantum mechanical systems.
+Added: One such partnership is with Astex Pharmaceuticals, a United Kingdom-based company, which is working with our quantum computers on approaches that may speed up the process of drug discovery.
+Added: We are also partnering with two U.S.
+Added: DOE agencies on simulation applications in the areas of nuclear fusion and high energy physics.
+Added: Our Technology
+Added: Introduction to Quantum Computing
+Added: Quantum computers encode and process data using a new kind of information storing electrical circuit called a quantum bit, or qubit.
+Added: By leveraging the quantum mechanical principle of superposition, qubits can represent complex mathematical combinations of both zero and one at the same time.
+Added: In contrast, classical computers are composed of transistors, electronic devices that hold binary zero or one states, therefore requiring billions of transistors in order to execute complex algorithms.
+Added: This qubit property of superposition creates unique capabilities.
+Added: By enabling qubits to encode more information than classical bits, it allows for a quantum computer’s power to scale exponentially, rather than linearly as with traditional computers based on transistors.
+Added: Additionally, it makes it possible to construct algorithms that can evaluate all possible solutions to a problem simultaneously, rather than sequentially as is the case with classical computing.
+Added: Furthermore, making qubits does not require expensive, continually shrinking lithography in order to improve performance, as transistor-based computers do.
+Added: Qubits can be made using trailing edge semiconductor tools, so computer performance is decoupled from chip manufacturing cost.
+Added: These properties enable quantum computers to excel at solving problems with a large number of variables, highly complex and numerous solutions, or strong correlations or interactions.
+Added: Many of these problems are currently intractable due to the scaling limits of classical computers and thus represent opportunities for computational advancement across many industries, including finance, pharma and biotechnology, energy, logistics, aerospace, defense and intelligence, and basic research and development.
+Added: How Quantum Computers Compute
+Added: To execute a quantum computation, classical data, which represents the problem to be solved and the algorithm, is translated into control sequences, or quantum logic gates, and applied to the qubits in the quantum computer.
+Added: These sequences are called quantum circuits.
+Added: Once the circuit has been executed on the quantum computer, the qubits are measured, resulting in classical data flowing out of the quantum computer and back into classical memory.
+Added: The level of performance of a quantum computer in executing these circuits and solving computational problems is dictated by many factors.
+Added: These include the scale , or number of qubits available in the quantum processor to encode the problem and algorithm, with more qubits enabling exponentially more complex and challenging problems to be represented;
+Added: the fidelity of the quantum logic gates from which circuits are composed, which determines how often errors occur when the circuit is executed;
+Added: the gate speed , which shapes the time taken to execute a given circuit;
+Added: the co-processing technology and integration, which determines the rate at which classical data representing the problem and algorithm can be loaded into the quantum computer, and the rate at which it flows back out upon completion of the circuit execution;
+Added: and re-programmability , or the speed with which the specific quantum circuit being executed may be updated to move on to the next step in a computational process.
+Added: Several candidate physical systems, or modalities, have been proposed or are being pursued, to form the basic physical qubits in quantum computers.
+Added: These include, first and foremost, the superconducting qubit technology leveraged by us.
+Added: They also include approaches based on trapped ions, trapped neutral atoms, and photonics.
+Added: There is a varying degree of promise, potential and risk in building machines capable of meeting the above requirements for broad commercial utility.
+Added: As outlined below, it is widely believed that superconducting qubit technology is the most mature, the most advanced, and most likely to ultimately lead to broad commercial success.
+Added: Requirements for Practical Workloads:
+Added: Path to Quantum Advantage
+Added: Unlocking the broad commercial market for quantum computing calls for quantum computers that are able to solve practical commercial problems better, faster, or cheaper than the best alternative classical computing solution, including even the most powerful supercomputers.
+Added: This inflection point is referred to as quantum advantage .
+Added: Achieving quantum advantage imposes requirements on the quantum computer itself, the most important of which relate to the above performance factors of scale , fidelity , speed , co-processing , and re-programmability .
+Added: In order for quantum computers to solve problems out of reach for classical computers, such as modeling molecules with many electrons in order to enhance drug discovery, they require a significant number of high-performing qubits, likely starting at between a few hundred to 1,000 qubits.
+Added: A gate fidelity estimates the reliability of an operation.
+Added: For instance, a two-qubit gate with a gate fidelity of 99% means that 99 out of 100 times the operation will provide the correct result.
+Added: Errors can be caused by imperfect control, natural manufacturing variations, finite qubit lifetimes (coherence) or other sources.
+Added: Overall, high fidelities of over 99% are likely necessary to enable performance benefits on practical workloads.
+Added: An error per operation is defined as (1-fidelity).
+Added: Speed is a crucial metric for all types of computers, both quantum and classical.
+Added: Since quantum algorithms are ultimately composed of logic gates applied sequentially to qubits in a quantum computer, the speed with which these gates can be executed translates directly into processing speed and workload throughput.
+Added: Therefore, faster quantum processing speeds can result in a larger number of addressable problems and larger market opportunity, as well as a more direct path to outperforming classical alternatives and a higher intrinsic revenue potential per unit time.
+Added: Co-processing .
+Added: Hybrid architectures that leverage quantum computers as co-processors, pioneered by us since the company’s inception, have now become widely adopted in the quantum computing industry.
+Added: Quantum co-processing delivered over the cloud, such as Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services platform, is the predominant framework for building and using quantum computers today.
+Added: In this paradigm, quantum processors are tightly integrated with classical computing systems and infrastructure to ensure the rate of data flowing in and out of the quantum processor can meet the needs of commercial applications.
+Added: Effective implementation of co-processing hinges on both the intrinsic technological features of the specific qubit technology, as well as product innovations and system architectures aimed to prioritize this capability.
+Added: For example, just as in classical computing architecture, fast gate speeds, coupled with a network architecture that achieves low network latency for data flow, are some requirements for high performance co-processing.
+Added: Reprogrammability .
+Added: Reprogrammable quantum computers are general purpose machines that should be able to run any quantum algorithm, provided the machine has the scale, fidelity, and other attributes needed to support the particular problem instance.
+Added: While gate-model quantum computers, such as those made by us, IBM, IonQ and Google, are typically reprogrammable, different technology approaches and architecture choices lead to varying constraints in applying this capability in a practical setting.
+Added: Specifically, the ability to dynamically reprogram the quantum processor during the execution of a quantum circuit or within the coherence time of its qubits is of particular importance for many anticipated applications and use cases.
+Added: While research and development funding and investments into quantum computing have accelerated, we believe that long-term commercial demand for quantum computing systems hinges on the ability to meet the above criteria for running practical workloads.
+Added: Multiple quantum hardware modalities are being pursued.
+Added: Among these, we believe the superconducting qubit is the only such modality that has, to date, demonstrated viability across all these requisite metrics.
+Added: Our Superconducting Quantum Processors
+Added: Introduction to Superconducting Qubits
+Added: We build and operate quantum computers based on superconducting qubits.
+Added: Superconducting qubits are silicon-based electronic devices that encode information in quantum states associated with currents and voltages.
+Added: Superconducting qubits benefit from the fact that their basic properties can be engineered through well-established semiconductor industry design and manufacturing techniques.
+Added: This enables chip design and architecture tradeoffs to be made to overcome various practical constraints in building commercial quantum computing systems.
+Added: They are also improving along these key metrics faster than approaches based on other qubit modalities, such as ion traps, photonics and neutral atoms.
+Added: As an example, in June 2011, the largest algorithms demonstrated on programmable, gate model quantum computers across these modalities were in the range of a few qubits.
+Added: In the ensuing ten-year period from 2011 to 2021, superconducting systems have successfully scaled up to the range of 30 to 60 or more qubits, including demonstrations of quantum supremacy.
+Added: This rate of scaling has easily outpaced other approaches.
+Added: We believe this leadership results in part from an intrinsic advantage:
+Added: superconducting qubits have many inherent similarities to traditional silicon-based chips.
+Added: As a result, progress in superconducting quantum computers may be achieved by leveraging the existing capabilities - expertise, technologies, workforces, and supply chains, for example - of the semiconductor manufacturing industry, rather than needing to establish such capabilities anew.
+Added: Rigetti Quantum Processors
+Added: Rigetti quantum processors are based on transmon-style superconducting qubits.
+Added: Quantum logic gates are actuated by applying electronic signals to the qubits.
+Added: Chips are packaged, connected to input and output circuitry, and operated in a low-temperature environment.
+Added: Control and readout signals are generated and processed in a control system operating at room temperature.
+Added: This control system is subsequently integrated with, or networked into, auxiliary classical computing hardware to enable co-processing system requirements.
+Added: Our competitive advantage begins at the chip level and extends through the full-stack, with a distinct focus on fabricating scalable hardware meeting the requirements for practical workloads.
+Added: Achieving the scale of quantum processor needed for practical workloads is perhaps the hardest requirement of all.
+Added: To address this, we have developed a unique patented and patent-pending multi-chip quantum processor technology.
+Added: This approach leverages techniques long used in classical computer microprocessors and memory (“RAM”).
+Added: Our scalable processor architecture enables multiple core processor chips, each having many qubits, within a multi-chip assembly to function cohesively as a single, large quantum computer-without introducing additional error sources, network latency or other overhead.
+Added: Using our modular chip architecture, larger quantum processors may be constructed by assembling more core processors together.
+Added: From a manufacturing perspective, this enables a single type of core processor chip to support multiple quantum processor generations of increasing scale and performance.
+Added: We believe that this solution facilitates rapid scaling and can enable even faster development cycles in future chip generations.
+Added: In addition to accelerating the pace of scaling, we believe our proprietary modular chip architecture has significant manufacturability and cost benefits.
+Added: For example, rather than producing large, complex individual chips with 1,000 qubits, we may fabricate 10 chips with 100 qubits each, and use our multi-chip technology to assemble them together to produce a 1,000 qubit quantum processor.
+Added: This solution makes it much easier to produce large processor chips with high yield.
+Added: As a result, we believe our modular approach to be fundamentally more manufacturable, predictable, and scalable.
+Added: Our multi-chip technology incorporates several advances in integrated circuit design, architecture, and silicon device manufacturing.
+Added: These advances include superconducting multi-chip bonding technology for chip-level 3D integration, superconducting through-silicon via process technology and interchip coupling technology that enables high-fidelity two-qubit logic gates between qubits disposed on different silicon dies.
+Added: These innovations have resulted from our investment in more than five years of technology development to establishing the essential capabilities to produce quantum processors meeting the requirements for broad commercial utility.
+Added: We believe our approach to scaling quantum computers will accelerate us toward quantum advantage systems.
+Added: Rigetti’s proprietary multi-chip architecture enables larger quantum processors to be constructed by assembling individual chips together, thereby supporting multiple quantum processor generations of increasing scale and performance
+Added: We have developed, own and operate the distinctive manufacturing capabilities needed to produce quantum processors in our proprietary scalable architecture.
+Added: In 2017, we became the first company to build a dedicated and integrated Fab for producing quantum processors.
+Added: In addition to vertically integrating the process capabilities to produce our proprietary chips, Fab-1 delivers a high mix of development chips to internal teams.
+Added: This in-house fabrication capability allows for rapid design-fab-test cycles of learning, enabling an innovation cycle we estimate to be two to five times faster than a typical MEMS or semiconductor foundry.
+Added: In Fab-1, our engineers focus their efforts on rapidly exploring then optimizing new chip designs and establishing repeatable manufacturing processes.
+Added: Fab-1 also includes semi-automated chip testing and characterization capabilities.
+Added: Additionally, by leveraging traditional semiconductor tools and processes, Fab-1 builds on expertise from the existing semiconductor industry, a distinct advantage over other qubit modalities.
+Added: This in-house fab capability has enabled us to accumulate the hands-on experience and intellectual property, including know-how, patents, and trade secrets, to produce quantum computer chips within our scalable, proprietary architecture.
+Added: Furthermore, we believe Fab-1 has enough wafer capacity to supply all of our chip needs for at least the next four years.
+Added: Like all high-performance computing systems, Rigetti quantum computers require an advanced cooling system.
+Added: In this case, commercially available dilution refrigerators maintain chip temperatures at around 0.02 Kelvin.
+Added: Cooling power requirements and associated electricity costs will scale approximately linearly with qubit count, while expected computational utility increases exponentially.
+Added: As a result, we expect the electricity costs to run the cooling systems of our quantum computers to make up an ever-decreasing fraction of the overall revenue generated from each machine.
+Added: In addition, we work closely with refrigerator vendors and anticipate the commercial availability of dilution refrigerator systems with the capabilities to support our product roadmap.
+Added: Improvements to the coherence times of superconducting qubits, combined with methods for ever-faster and more precise quantum logic gates, have kept superconducting qubits on a pace of continuous fidelity improvement for approximately two decades.
+Added: Over the last several years, algorithms have been developed on processors with average two-qubit gate fidelities of 95-98%.
+Added: As processors scale to broad quantum advantage, fidelity will need to improve, likely to 99% and beyond.
+Added: We are focused on delivering advances to fidelity through a systematic engineering approach centered on our design-fab-test flywheel powered by our in-house design and manufacturing.
+Added: Uniquely, our modular processor technology enables improvements to fidelity to be achieved separately from efforts to increase scale;
+Added: fidelity advancements can be developed on the individual core processor chips, and these improvements can be rapidly integrated into scaled processors through our multi-chip integration technology.
+Added: Our commercially available 80-qubit Aspen systems typically have similar gate fidelities to its 32-qubit systems.
+Added: Significantly, our 80-qubit multi-chip processors leverage our interchip coupling technology to form an 80-qubit lattice of similar fidelity to the 40-qubit chips on which they are based.
+Added: Looking forward, we plan to combine core elements of this multi-chip scaling technology with the expected higher performance and connectivity of our next generation chips.
+Added: We currently see higher performance in test devices of our next generation core quantum processor, the Ankaa-1 84 qubit system, which we recently deployed internally within the company in March 2023 for testing.
+Added: This next-generation chip design uses tunable couplers to enable active cancellation of unwanted interactions between qubits to improve control and decrease error.
+Added: Recent tests on a 9-qubit system utilizing these new chips have demonstrated mean two-qubit gate fidelities of 98.3%, median fidelities of 98.1% and maximum fidelities of 99.6%.
+Added: As development has progressed, we continue to see high two-qubit gate fidelities around 99% on test devices.
+Added: One of the strengths of superconducting qubit technology, and our technology in particular, is that gate operations on superconducting processors are faster than other commercially available modalities today.
+Added: The speed of gate operations in superconducting qubits are determined by the intentional design of circuit elements on-chip and their optimized parameters, rather than relying on atomic properties.
+Added: Our slowest class of gate operations, two-qubit entangling gates, have a median duration of less than 200 nanoseconds.
+Added: Moreover, for future computer systems from us, high quality entangling gates as fast as 36 nanoseconds have recently been achieved through the introduction of an additional circuit element to tune the interaction strength between qubits, showcasing the value of engineered approaches.
+Added: We believe that superconducting processors’ speed advantage will result in a larger market for superconducting quantum computers compared to other modalities, as there are a multitude of high value use cases that require timely results, such as real-time decision making, risk calculations, and more.
+Added: As in conventional computing, faster gate speeds also equate to higher throughput in commercial deployment and therefore greater potential revenue opportunity.
+Added: In February 2022, we announced speed test results for Circuit layer operations per second, or CLOPS, for our Aspen 11 and Aspen-M series processors.
+Added: CLOPs is a quantum computer performance metric initially developed and published by IBM in October 2021.
+Added: Conducting tests based on 100 shots, as set forth in the original published definition, the 40-qubit Aspen-11 system demonstrated a CLOPS of 844, while the 80-qubit Aspen-M system demonstrated a CLOPS of 892.
+Added: These results suggest that our current systems perform as well or better on this CLOPS speed test as the number of qubits in the system increases.
+Added: To reflect what users can potentially expect in typical use cases, we also evaluated CLOPS using 1000 shots.
+Added: In this case, Aspen-11 performed at 7512 CLOPS and Aspen-M performed at 8333 CLOPS, demonstrating that comparable or better system speed persists at both higher shot counts and higher qubit counts.
+Added: In July and August, 2022, we successfully achieved a CLOPS performance greater than 4,000 on both our 80-qubit Aspen-M-2 system and our 40-qubit Aspen-11 system, respectively, representing a 4.5 times acceleration since February.
+Added: These speed tests were conducted using our production QCS environment.
+Added: CLOPS, characterizes quantum processing speeds inclusive of gate speeds, reprogrammability, and co-processing capabilities, among other factors.
+Added: CLOPS is calculated as M × K × S × D / time taken where:
+Added: M = number of templates = 100;
+Added: K = number of parameter updates = 10;
+Added: S = number of shots = 100 or 1000;
+Added: and D = number of QV layers = log2 QV.
+Added: Co-processing
+Added: It is widely believed that unlocking the commercial value of quantum computing requires quantum computers to be tightly integrated with classical computing systems and technology.
+Added: High-performance co-processing integration accelerates the path to quantum advantage by enabling both quantum and classical computing resources to work in tandem to address computational bottlenecks best suited to their particular strengths.
+Added: This approach also facilitates adoption and usability by end users who are more familiar with classical programming.
+Added: The inherent speed with which superconducting processors can execute circuits and be dynamically re-programmed makes them ideally suited to high-speed co-processing integration.
+Added: Other modalities have not demonstrated the gate speeds necessary to support high-performance co-processing.
+Added: We have invented and patented capabilities at the hardware and software level, such as parametric code compilation, to enable high performance co-processing on a cloud platform.
+Added: Parametric code compilation supports running faster hybrid algorithms through memory registers shared between classical programs and embedded logic on a QPU control system.
+Added: This means that users can run algorithms without incurring latency that would otherwise be caused by updating parameters at each step.
+Added: Reprogrammability
+Added: Our systems are dynamically reprogrammable.
+Added: Instructions are streamed into the quantum computer or updated within the execution time of the quantum logic circuit.
+Added: This allows our machines to effectively run both the hybrid variational algorithms that underpin current use cases and quantum error correction routines in future systems.
+Added: In a production setting, dynamic reprogrammability translates to higher customer job throughput per unit time.
+Added: Since many applications are expected to require streamed data processing or error correction, we believe this dynamic reprogrammability is central to unlocking the full market potential of quantum computing systems, especially in comparison to alternative modalities that are unable to implement high speed re-programming.
+Added: Our quantum computers are orchestrated with a control system operated at room temperature.
+Added: In our architecture, reprogramming the quantum processor occurs exclusively within this control system.
+Added: Unlike photonics, for example, reprogramming the system to run a new quantum circuit does not require slow on-chip updates, but only requires changes to the sequence of signals applied to the chip.
+Added: Our QPUs today support dynamic programming protocols within microsecond feedback loops.
+Added: For example, re-setting registers of qubits conditional on the outcomes of previous measurements, can increase overall quantum circuit throughput by 5x relative to non-dynamic implementations of the same workload.
+Added: The QPU control system includes hardware for networking, classical microprocessors, FPGAs for control and readout pulse sequencing, and analog signal processing.
+Added: The integrated system is designed and built to meet the requirements for co-processing and reprogrammability over the cloud.
+Added: This capability enables high-speed data flow within the quantum processor, and between the quantum processor and auxiliary classical compute and networking infrastructure.
+Added: Our systems are thus enabled for high-performance hybrid quantum-classical computing, the implementation of high-throughput quantum programs for practical workloads, and the dynamic control flow and feedback that underpins practical quantum error correction.
+Added: The control system drives the quantum processor, calibrates and operates gates, and measures qubit states at the end of a computation.
+Added: Quantum Error Correction
+Added: Direct improvements to qubits and gate fidelities are currently the primary means of advancing the performance of quantum computers.
+Added: However, at the scale of a few hundred qubits and beyond, a method called quantum error correction can be applied to further accelerate this rate of progress.
+Added: In quantum error correction, a large number of individual physical qubits can be transformed, through repeated application of gate and readout operations designed to detect and fix physical errors, into single “logical” qubits, whose properties are exponentially improved relative to the constituent physical qubits.
+Added: While the methodology of quantum error correction is well-established in the field of quantum computing, systems capable of running such codes at a commercially useful scale are not currently available.
+Added: Eventually, solving certain classes of problems will require the ability to compute with tens to hundreds or even thousands of logical qubits.
+Added: This makes the ability to build large qubit count processors at this commercial scale an even more crucial capability.
+Added: Additionally, because errors must be identified at a specific physical location within the quantum processor in order to be corrected, those errors must also be well-localized within small regions of the quantum processor.
+Added: For example, a qubit in one region must not induce errors on some distant qubit, but rather be constrained to influencing errors on nearby qubits.
+Added: This essential requirement underpins modern quantum error correction theory and practice.
+Added: Turning to the processor’s physical qubit array, the necessity of localizing errors has led to the predominance of nearest-neighbor connectivity graphs in quantum processor design.
+Added: Our quantum processors meet these essential requirements with a nearest-neighbor, planar connectivity graph.
+Added: Planar codes are expected to show a high error threshold of approximately 1% error probability per operation.
+Added: This means that if error rates are below the required threshold (e.g.
+Added: 1%), then increasing the redundancy ( i.e.
+Added: , the number of physical qubits making up a single logical qubit) results in an exponential reduction in logical error.
+Added: In other words, adding a small number of additional physical qubits per logical qubit will provide exponential improvements.
+Added: Notably, codes for other modalities, such as Bacon-Shor codes for trapped ion qubits, lack such a threshold behavior and is one reason why we believe superconducting quantum computers to be superior to trapped ion modalities.
+Added: We aim to deliver the physical qubit count needed, with the requisite nearest-neighbor connectivity, to enable developers and customers to benefit from this exponential error reduction.
+Added: In contrast to known approaches for other qubit modalities, our systems are expected to be able to run the same code family at multiple different levels of redundancy without requiring additional complexity such as code concatenation.
+Added: This approach enables developers to scale the effective error rate and associated overheads up and down as dictated by their use-case requirements.
+Added: For example, the smallest surface code logical qubit for superconducting processors is 17:1 physical qubits to logical qubits, in comparison to 16:1 for trapped ions.
+Added: However, for complex applications, the ability to pack more physical qubits into the code (such as 100:1 or 1000:1) is critical because it allows developers to further reduce errors for algorithms based on many quantum gates where errors are more likely to accumulate.
+Added: In comparison to trapped ions, we believe superconducting processors are better positioned to scale up to the large number of qubits required to run these valuable large codes while also having the fast gate speeds for them to be useful.
+Added: Our processor architecture, software tools, and cloud services platform are designed to enable users and partners to directly construct, test and deploy error correction and error mitigation protocols, and to tailor such codes to specific computational tasks through software.
+Added: This capability is enabled by the re-programmability, co-processing integration, and system design we have established.
+Added: Intellectual Property
+Added: Our intellectual property portfolio plays a strategic role in advancing our innovation and leadership in quantum computing.
+Added: Our patent portfolio seeks to protect our current developments and the intellectual property space for the company’s technology roadmap and anticipated areas of development.
+Added: We rely upon a combination of protections afforded to owners of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, and trademarks, along with confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with employees, consultants, contractors, vendors and business partners to establish and protect our intellectual property rights.
+Added: As of the date hereof, we have 165 issued and pending patents that are designed to protect our full-stack technology across hardware, software, and services.
+Added: These patents cover a broad range of key technology areas of the business including (i) quantum computing systems, software and access;
+Added: (ii) quantum processor hardware;
+Added: (iii) algorithms and applications for problem solving;
+Added: and (iv) chip design & fabrication.
+Added: We pursue international registration of our domain names and trademarks.
+Added: We are the registered holder of a variety of domain name registrations, including “rigetti.com.” Our trademark registrations include “Rigetti” in the US, U.K.
+Added: Sales & Marketing
+Added: During this period of eQA, our go-to-market strategy is focused on being a leader in the key market segments driving the early application of quantum computing.
+Added: Our sales and marketing efforts are focused on technology development and distribution partnerships with the leading organizations in these markets.
+Added: government, for example, the Department of Defense, the DOE and the Intelligence Community have each been making significant investments in quantum computing, and we have technology development partnerships with leading agencies and national laboratories.
+Added: We are pursuing similar arrangements with customers in other important vertical market segments, like finance, where we are developing specific expertise in several application areas and are collaborating with Nasdaq and Standard Chartered Bank.
+Added: We also have distribution relationships with customers like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, ORNL and Strangeworks.
+Added: As we work to develop new generations of our hardware with the goal of continuing to scale and achieve nQA and then BQA, we anticipate increasing our investment in both sales and marketing to expand the number of enterprise companies directly licensing our QCS platform.
+Added: However, with the reorganization and reduction in force announced in February 2023, we anticipate that the costs will decrease in the near term until we achieve narrow quantum advantage, at which point we expect costs to increase.
+Added: Customers & Key Partners
+Added: We believe that the realization of quantum computing’s promise requires strong relationships across an ecosystem of innovative and quantum-committed organizations and have been developing commercial relationships and collaborative partnerships with organizations that possess a keen understanding of specific industry problems and deep technical expertise in key scientific and engineering disciplines.
+Added: To date, we have focused on developing a range of client relationships and research partnerships with:
+Added: enterprise-sized organizations working on quantum-assisted breakthroughs in applications areas like drug discovery, network optimization, financial modeling, weather forecasting and fusion energy with organizations like Astex Pharmaceuticals, Deloitte, NASA, Nasdaq, Standard Chartered Bank, the U.S.
+Added: DOE and certain military branches within the U.S.
+Added: Department of Defense;
+Added: materials science researchers and quantum algorithm developers at renowned laboratories like Fermilab, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, NASA Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and ORNL;
+Added: quantum-focused software and algorithm companies like 1Qbit, Phasecraft, Riverlane, Q-CTRL and Zapata;
+Added: Cloud service providers like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Strangeworks;
+Added: We also enter into multi-year technology development partnerships with organizations that possess specialized technical expertise and strong interests in advancing the development of quantum computing (as referenced in Business - Key Technology Development Partnerships ).
+Added: These organizations include DARPA, SQMS, and Innovate UK.
+Added: The quantum computing market is evolving and highly competitive.
+Added: With the introduction of new innovations and the potential entry of new competitors into the market, we expect competition to increase in the future, which could harm our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
+Added: Our current and prospective competitors include companies engaged in the research, development, and operation of quantum computing capabilities.
+Added: Major companies now developing both quantum hardware and software include IBM, Google, Microsoft, IonQ, Quantinuum, PsiQuantum, Xanadu and ColdQuanta.
+Added: In addition, because of the importance of quantum computing, most large public cloud providers and traditional chip makers are researching and investing in quantum computing initiatives, in some cases seeking to build quantum computers.
+Added: For example, Amazon and Intel are engaged in the research and development of quantum computers.
+Added: A number of development-stage companies are also seeking to build quantum computers, quantum software and applications, and quantum cloud computing services.
+Added: We believe our primary direct competition will come from other companies building or seeking to build universal, gate-model quantum computing systems that can meet the requirements for solving commercial problems.
+Added: We believe competition will be based on a number of factors, including:
+Added: different approaches to building quantum computers;
+Added: quantum computer system performance, including scale, speed, and fidelity;
+Added: system accessibility and ease of use;
+Added: supported software and applications;
+Added: compatibility with existing classical workflows;
+Added: rate of technological innovation;
+Added: ability to create value through long-term partnerships;
+Added: end-user support and customer experience;
+Added: solutions and insight delivery;
+Added: brand recognition and trust;
+Added: financial resources;
+Added: and access to key personnel.
+Added: We believe that we are favorably positioned to compete on the basis of these factors.
+Added: However, we face various risks relating to competition as described in “ Risk Factors-Risks Related to Rigetti’s Business and Industry-The quantum computing industry is competitive on a global scale and Rigetti may not be successful in competing in this industry or establishing and maintaining confidence in our long-term business prospects among current and future partners and customers .”
+Added: government contracts, grants, and agreements are subject to regulations and procurement laws.
+Added: The majority of our current programs are subject to Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations, covering Grants and Agreements.
+Added: We also perform programs authorized under Other Transaction Authority and the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
+Added: Several of our agreements are also subject to agency level acquisition regulation supplements, including the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement and the Department of Energy Acquisition Regulation.
+Added: These regulations mandate uniform policies and procedures for the administration of government funded programs.
+Added: This includes requiring compliance with eligibility and responsibility requirements, contractor qualifications, financial and reporting requirements, as well as subjecting the company audits and to other government reviews covering issues such as cost, performance, internal controls and accounting practices.
+Added: Employees & Core Values
+Added: Our deep and talented workforce is the key to our success.
+Added: As of March 1, 2023, we employ 144 people globally, the majority of whom are employed in areas of quantum physics, chip and hardware engineering and software development.
+Added: Most of our employees are based in the United States with the remainder based in the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada.
+Added: In addition, we also engage a small number of consultants and contractors to enhance our research and development and selling general and administrative areas of our business.
+Added: To date, we have not experienced any work stoppages and maintain good working relationships with our employees.
+Added: None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement or are represented by labor unions at this time.
+Added: Corporate Information
+Added: Rigetti Computing, Inc., formerly known as Supernova Partners Acquisition Company II, Ltd.
+Added: (“Supernova”), was incorporated on December 22, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and a special purpose acquisition company.
+Added: On October 6, 2021, Supernova entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Supernova Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Supernova (“First Merger Sub”), Supernova Romeo Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Supernova (“Second Merger Sub”) and Rigetti Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Rigetti”).
+Added: Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on March 1, 2022, Supernova effected a domestication after which it continues as a Delaware corporation, changing its name to “Rigetti Computing, Inc.”
+Added: On March 2, 2022, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, First Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Rigetti, the separate corporate existence of First Merger Sub ceasing and Legacy Rigetti being the surviving corporation (the “Surviving Corporation” and, such merger, the “First Merger”) and (ii) immediately following the First Merger, the Surviving Corporation merged with and into the Second Merger Sub, with the separate corporate existence of the Surviving Corporation ceasing and the Second Merger Sub being the surviving entity and changing its name to “Rigetti Intermediate LLC”.
+Added: Our principal executive offices are located at 775 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710 and our telephone number is (510) 210-5550.
+Added: Available Information
+Added: Our corporate website address is www.rigetti.com.
+Added: We make available on our website, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
+Added: The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.
+Added: We use our corporate website as a channel of distribution of material company information.
+Added: For example, financial and other material information regarding our company is routinely posted on and accessible on our website.
+Added: Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.
+Added: The information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.