Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level and, accordingly, provided reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Management intends to implement remediation steps to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, we intend to expand and improve our review process for complex securities and related accounting standards. We have improved this process by enhancing access to accounting literature, identification of third-party professionals with whom to consult regarding complex accounting applications and consideration of additional staff with the requisite experience and training to supplement existing accounting professionals.
Management’s
Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
As
required by SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting
purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(1)
pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the
assets of our company,
(2)
provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with
GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors,
and
(3)
provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that
could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our financial
statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2025. In making these assessments, management used
the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated
Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we did not maintain effective internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 due to the material weakness in our internal controls as a result of inadequate segregation of duties within account processes due to limited personnel
and insufficient written policies and procedures for accounting, IT, and financial reporting and record keeping.
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Management
has implemented remediation steps to improve our internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, we expanded and improved our
review process for complex securities and related accounting standards. We plan to further improve this process by enhancing access to
accounting literature, identification of third-party professionals with whom to consult regarding complex accounting applications and
consideration of additional staff with the requisite experience and training to supplement existing accounting professionals.
This
Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status
as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There
was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025 covered by this
Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None .
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent
Inspections.
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Name
Age
Position
Tse Meng Ng
51
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Chee Soon Tham
61
Chief Financial Officer and Director
Vincent Yang Hui
38
Independent Director
Ryan Lee Wen
31
Independent Director
Tuan Lee Low
46
Independent Director
Tse Meng Ng, our chairman, director, and Chief Executive Officer since February 2024, is a highly regarded and successful financier and businessman. Mr. Ng previously served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of RF Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company that consummated a $115 million initial public offering in March 2022 and consummated its initial business combination with GCL Global Holdings Ltd. in February 2025. In February 2019, Mr. Ng co-founded Ruifeng Wealth Management Pte Ltd, a Singapore Capital Markets Services licensed financial institution regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore for which he serves as the chairman. Mr. Ng and his team provide fund management services to ultra-high net worth individuals. From May 2014 to January 2019, Mr. Ng served as the Managing Director of Credit Agricole, an international full-service banking group. He was voted ‘Outstanding Young Private Banker’ in 2011 by Private Banker International, the leading journal for the global wealth management industry. Prior to that, Mr. Ng was a Director at Credit Suisse where he helped form the team that covered the North Asia markets. He started his career in 1998 at Citibank N.A where he managed a team of banking staff. Mr. Ng earned a B.S. in Business from Nanyang Technological University. Mr. Ng’s qualifications to serve as an officer and on the board of directors includes his managerial experience and educational background.
Chee Soon Tham, our Chief Financial
Officer and director since March 2024, was an audit partner at Ernst & Young, in Singapore, from 2004 until 2018. While at Ernst
& Young, Mr. Tham worked in a number of overseas offices, including New Orleans and Boston, in the USA. In 2018, he founded iCFO
Advisors Pte Ltd, where together with a small team of senior executives, he provides outsourced finance support, financial due diligence,
liquidation and other related services to SME and listed clients. He has led various audit assignments including that for an Asia-based
group listed in the US as a foreign private issuer that reported in US GAAP. Mr. Tham is an independent director for an electric vehicle
manufacturer listed on NASDAQ, for an owner-operator and ship manager of offshore support vessels listed on the Singapore Exchange, and
for a general insurance company based in Singapore. Mr. Tham qualified as a CPA in the State of Oregon and is a Chartered Accountant
in Singapore and a CFA charter-holder. Mr. Tham graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor’s in Accountancy
in 1987. Mr. Tham’s qualifications to serve as an officer and on the board of directors includes his financial services experiences
and educational background.
Vincent Yang Hui one of our independent directors since February 2024, has served on our board of directors since February 2024. Mr. Hui previously also served as a director of RF Acquisition Corp. Mr. Hui currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of abComo eCommerce Pte Ltd, a multinational influencer platform that he founded in 2020. He also co-founded Long-bridge, an overseas asset investment company, in 2019, and Alphabit Consulting Pte Ltd, a Singapore based technology consulting company, in 2018. From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Hui served as a Business Development Director for the Alibaba Group and Ant Financial. Mr. Hui has a BSc in Information Management and Information Systems from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and a graduate diploma in systems analysis from the National University of Singapore. Mr. Hui’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors includes his entrepreneurial experiences and educational background.
78
Ryan Lee Wen one of our independent directors since February 2024, is an operator and investor with experience across the medical, finance, consumer and blockchain industries. Mr. Wen has served as a Director at Avatar Capital, a Singapore Capital Markets Services licensed financial institution regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, since February 2024. Since January 2022, Mr. Wen has also served as a Venture Partner at Artichoke Capital, a web3 venture capital firm which invests in companies utilizing blockchain technology. Previously, from April 2019 to January 2022, Mr. Wen was responsible for corporate and business development at Transmedic, the largest medical device distributor across the ASEAN region. He started his career as an investment banker at Deutsche Bank as an analyst from July 2018 to April 2019. Mr. Wen graduated from the University of Cambridge with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in Economics. Mr. Wen brings to the board of directors his background in operating companies across different industries, as well as deal-sourcing capabilities.
Tuan Lee Low, one of our independent
directors, has served on our board of directors since May 2025. Mr. Low is a member of the audit committee, compensation committee,
and chairman of the nominations committee for Binastra Corporation Berhad, a Malaysian publicly listed construction company since November 2021.
Mr. Low has also been a managing partner and corporate consultant of Treo Capital Sdn Bhd, a strategic, financial, management advisory
and investment holding firm since June 2023. Mr. Low previously served as a strategy and operation officer of Blissworld Industries
Sdn Bhd, a real estate company, from January 2017 to October 2019. Tuan Lee Low also served as a director of commercial clients
of Standard Chartered Bank (China) Co Ltd. since January 2008. Mr. Low is a distinguished professional with an over 20-year
cross-border multifaceted career spanning mergers and acquisitions, business consultancy, business strategic planning, banking finance
and treasury. Mr. Low received his Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Melbourne, and a diploma of business studies from
the HELP Institute Malaysia.
Number and Terms of Office of Officers and Directors
We have five directors as
of the date of this Form 10-K. Our board of directors is divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in
each year and each class (except for those directors appointed prior to our first annual meeting of shareholders) serving a three-year
term. The term of office of the first class of directors, consisting of Vincent Yang Hui and Tuan Lee Low, will expire at our first annual
meeting of shareholders. The term of office of the second class of directors, consisting of Ryan Lee Wen will expire at the second annual
meeting of shareholders. The term of office of the third class of directors, consisting of Tse Meng Ng and Chee Soon Tham, will expire
at the third annual meeting of shareholders. We may not hold an annual meeting of shareholders until after we consummate our Business
Combination.
Our officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. Our board of directors is authorized to appoint persons to the offices set forth in our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association as it deems appropriate. Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that our officers may consist of one or more Chairmen of the Board, one or more Chief Executive Officers, a President, a Chief Financial Officer, Vice Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, and such other offices as may be determined by the board of directors.
Director Independence
NASDAQ listing standards require
that a majority of our board of directors be independent, subject to certain phase-in provisions. An “independent director”
is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a
relationship which in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent
judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Our board of directors has determined that Ryan Lee Wen, Vincent Yang Hui,
and Tuan Lee Low are “independent directors” as defined in the NASDAQ listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent
directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present. As permitted by NASDAQ, we intend to
phase in compliance with the NASDAQ director independence requirements within the schedule outlined in the NASDAQ rules, which require
that a majority of the members of our board of directors be independent within one year of listing. The NASDAQ rules also require at least
one member of each board committee to be independent at the time of listing, a majority of board committee members to be independent within
90 days of listing, and all board committee members to be independent within one year of listing.
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Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has
two standing committees: an audit committee and a compensation committee. Subject to phase-in rules and a limited exception, the rules
of NASDAQ and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent
directors, and the rules of NASDAQ require that the compensation committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors.
Audit Committee
We established an audit committee
of the board of directors. Vincent Yang Hui, Ryan Lee Wen, and Tuan Lee Low serve as members of our audit committee, with Tuan Lee Low
serving as the Chairman of the audit committee. Under the NASDAQ listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at
least three members of the audit committee, all of whom must be independent. However, a minority of the members of the audit committee
may be exempt from the heightened audit committee independence standards for one year from the date of effectiveness of the Registration
Statement. Mr. Wen, Mr. Hui, and Mr. Low meet the independent director standard under NASDAQ listing standards and under Rule 10-A-3(b)(1)
of the Exchange Act. As allowed under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and NASDAQ, we intend to phase in compliance with
the audit committee composition requirements prior to the end of the one-year transition period.
Each member of the audit committee is financially literate, and our board of directors has determined that Mr. Hui qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.
We have adopted an audit committee charter, which details the principal functions of the audit committee, including:
●
the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent auditors and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us;
●
pre-approving all audit and permitted non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures;
●
reviewing and discussing with the independent auditors all relationships the auditors have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence;
●
setting clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent auditors;
●
setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
●
obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent auditors describing (i) the independent auditor’s internal quality-control procedures and (ii) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues;
●
reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and
80
●
reviewing with Management, the independent auditors, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
Compensation Committee
We established a compensation committee of the board of directors. Ryan Lee Wen and Vincent Yang Hui serve as members of our compensation committee, with Vincent Yang Hui serving as the chairman of the compensation committee. Under the NASDAQ listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least two members of the compensation committee, all of whom must be independent, subject to certain phase-in provisions. Each such person meets the independent director standard under NASDAQ listing standards applicable to members of the compensation committee.
We have adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the principal functions of the compensation committee, including:
●
reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;
●
reviewing and approving on an annual basis the compensation of all of our other officers;
●
reviewing on an annual basis our executive compensation policies and plans;
●
implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;
●
assisting Management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;
●
approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees;
●
if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and
●
reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, as indicated above, other than reimbursement of expenses, no compensation of any kind, including finders, consulting or other similar fees, will be paid to any of our existing shareholders, officers, directors or any of their respective affiliates, prior to, or for any services they render in order to complete the consummation of a Business Combination although we may consider cash or other compensation to officers or advisors we may hire subsequent to the Initial Public Offering to be paid either prior to or in connection with our Business Combination. Accordingly, it is likely that prior to the consummation of a Business Combination, the compensation committee will only be responsible for the review and recommendation of any compensation arrangements to be entered into in connection with such Business Combination.
The charter also provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by NASDAQ and the SEC.
81
Director Nominations
We do not have a standing nominating committee. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(2) of the NASDAQ Rules, a majority of the independent directors may recommend a director nominee for selection by the board of directors. The board of directors believes that the independent directors can satisfactorily carry out the responsibility of properly selecting or approving director nominees without the formation of a standing nominating committee. As there is no standing nominating committee, we do not have a nominating committee charter in place.
The board of directors will also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders that wish to nominate a director for election to our board of directors should follow the procedures set forth in our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our shareholders.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees. You will be able to review these documents by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov . In addition, a copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided without charge upon request from us. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of our Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Officer and Director Compensation
None of our officers or directors has received any cash compensation for services rendered to us. Additionally, no compensation was awarded to, earned by, or paid to our executive officers or directors. Other than as described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, no compensation of any kind, including finder’s and consulting fees, will be paid to our Initial Shareholders or any of their respective affiliates, for services rendered prior to or in connection with the completion of our Business Combination. In addition, our officers, directors, or any of their respective affiliates will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable Business Combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our Initial Shareholders or their affiliates.
After the completion of our Business Combination, directors or members of our Management Team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to shareholders, to the extent then known, in the tender offer materials or proxy solicitation materials furnished to our shareholders in connection with a proposed Business Combination. We have not established any limit on the amount of such fees that may be paid by the combined company to our directors or members of management. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed Business Combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining officer and director compensation. Any compensation to be paid to our officers will be determined, or recommended to the board of directors for determination, either by a compensation committee constituted solely by independent directors or by a majority of the independent directors on our board of directors.
Following a Business Combination, to the extent we deem it necessary, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management team of the target business. We cannot assure you that we will have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and assuming there were no purchase of Units in our Initial Public Offering, by:
●
each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares;
●
each of our officers and directors; and
●
all of our officers and directors as a group.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all of the Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them. The following table reflects record or beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares and Private Shares underlying the Private Placement Units.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER (1)
NUMBER
OF SHARES
BENEFICIALLY
OWNED
APPROXIMATE
PERCENTAGE OF
OUTSTANDING
COMMON
STOCK
Alfa 24 Limited (3)
3,263,281 (2)
39.1 %
Tse Meng Ng (3)
3,263,281 (2)
39.1 %
Chee Soon Tham
-
-
Vincent Yang Hui
-
-
Ryan Lee Wen
-
-
All executive officers, directors and director nominees as a group (5 individuals)
3,263,281 (2)
39.1 %
EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (4)
249,219 (5)
3.0 %
First Trust Merger Arbitrage Fund (6)
939,193
11.3 %
AQR Capital Management, LLC (7)
853,421
10.2 %
Karpus Investment Management (8)
2,510,291
30.1 %
Wolverine Asset Management LLC (9)
863,687
10.4 %
W.R. Berkley Corporation (10)
937,845
11.2 %
(1)
Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is c/o RF Acquisition Corp II, 111 Somerset, #05-07, Singapore 238164.
(2)
Consists of 2,875,000 Founder Shares and 388,281 Private Shares underlying the Private Placement Units.
(3)
Alfa 24 Limited is the record holder of the shares reported herein. Tse Meng Ng is the managing member of the Sponsor and has sole voting and investment discretion with respect to the Ordinary Shares held of record by the Sponsor. Tse Meng Ng disclaims any beneficial ownership of any shares held by the Sponsor except to the extent of his respective pecuniary interest therein.
(4)
The address of EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. is 366 Madison Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10017.
(5)
Consists of 200,000 EBC Founder Shares and 49,219 Private Shares underlying the Private Placement Units.
(6)
According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on November 14, 2024 First Trust Merger Arbitrage Fund (“VARBX”), First Trust Capital Management L.P. (“FTCM”), First Trust Capital Solutions L.P. (“FTCS”) and FTCS Sub GP LLC (“Sub GP”), as of September 30, 2024, VARBX owned 939,193 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer, while FTCM, FTCS and Sub GP collectively owned 1,042,491 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer. The principal business address of FTCM, FTCS and Sub GP is 225 W. Wacker Drive, 21st Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. The principal business address of VARBX is 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212.
(7)
According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on November 14, 2024, AQR Capital Management, LLC, AQR Capital Management Holdings, LLC, and AQR Arbitrage, LLC, as of September 30, 2024, owned 853,421 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer. The business address for each beneficial owner is One Greenwich Plaza, Greenwich, CT 06830.
(8)
According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on November 13, 2024, Karpus Investment Management, as of September 30, 2024, owned 2,510,291 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer. The principal business address for Karpus Investment Management is 183 Sully’s Trail, Pittsford, New York 14534.
(9)
According to a Schedule 13G filed with the
SEC on July 11, 2025, Wolverine Asset Management, LLC, as of June 30, 2025, owned 151,461 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares
of the Issuer, Wolverine Trading Partners, Inc., as of June 30, 2025, owned 151,461 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the
Issuer, Wolverine Holdings, L.P., as of June 30, 2025, owned 151,461 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer,
Christopher L. Gust, as of June 30, 2025, owned 151,461 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer, and Robert R.
Bellick, as of June 30, 2025, owned 151,461 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer. The principal business address
for each beneficial owner is 175 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 340, Chicago, IL 60604.
(10)
According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on August 8, 2025, W.R. Berkley Corporation, as of June 30, 2025, owned 937,845 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer, and Berkley Insurance Company, as of June 30, 2025, owned 937,845 shares of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Issuer. The principal business address for each beneficial owner is 475 Steamboat Road, Greenwich, CT 06830.
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Restrictions on Transfers of Founder Shares and Private Shares
Upon consummation of the Initial Public Offering, the Founder Shares were placed into an escrow account maintained by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as escrow agent. The Founder Shares will not be transferred, assigned, sold or released from escrow until six months after the date of the consummation of our Business Combination, or earlier, if, subsequent to our Business Combination, we consummate a subsequent liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of our shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other property, except (a) to our Sponsor, officers, directors, any affiliates or family members of any of our Sponsor, officers or directors or any members of our Initial Shareholders, or any affiliate of our Initial Shareholders; (b) in the case of an individual, by gift to a member of the individual’s immediate family, to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of the individual’s immediate family or an affiliate of such person, or to a charitable organization; (c) in the case of an individual, by virtue of laws of descent and distribution upon death of the individual; (d) in the case of an individual, pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order; (e) by private sales or transfers made in connection with the consummation of a Business Combination at prices no greater than the price at which the securities were originally purchased; (f) by virtue of the laws of the Cayman Islands or the organizational documents of our Sponsor upon their dissolution; or (g) to us for no value for cancellation in connection with the consummation of our Business Combination; provided, however, that in the case of clauses (a) through (f) these permitted transferees must enter into a written agreement agreeing to be bound by these transfer restrictions and the other restrictions contained in the letter agreements unless we otherwise consent to a transfer without a continuation of such restrictions.
Our Sponsor and EBC purchased from us an aggregate of 400,000 Private Placement Units in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering. Additionally, our Sponsor and EBC, in connection with the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option, subsequently purchased an additional 37,500 Private Placement Units on a pro rata basis in an amount necessary to maintain in the Trust Account $10.05 per unit sold to the public in the Initial Public Offering. The Private Placement Units are identical to the Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, subject to limited exceptions. Our Sponsor and EBC have agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Private Placement Units or underlying securities (except to the same permitted transferees as the Founder Shares and provided the transferees agree to the same terms and restrictions as the permitted transferees of the Founder Shares must agree to, each as described herein) until the completion of our Business Combination.
The Company also issued to EBC 200,000 EBC Founder Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $1,739 on February 28, 2024. The EBC Founder Shares may not be transferred, assigned or sold (except to the same permitted transferees as the Founder Shares and provided the transferees agree to the same terms and restrictions as the permitted transferees of the Founder Shares must agree to, each as described herein) until the consummation of a Business Combination.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Founder Shares
On February 15, 2024, the Sponsor received 2,875,000 of the Company’s Ordinary Shares in exchange for $25,000 paid for operating costs borne by the Company. On February 28, 2024, the Company issued to EBC 200,000 EBC Founder Shares for a purchase price of $0.0087 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $1,739.
The Sponsor has agreed, subject
to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) six months after
the completion of the initial Business Combination and (B) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange,
reorganization or other similar transaction after the initial Business Combination that results in all Public Shareholders having the
right to exchange their Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property.
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Private Placement Units
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor and EBC purchased an aggregate of 400,000 Private Placement Units (355,000 Private Placement Units purchased by the Sponsor and 45,000 Private Placement Units purchased by EBC and its designees), at a price of $10.00 per Unit in an amount that is necessary to maintain in the Trust Account $10.05 per unit sold to the public in the Initial Public Offering. On May 23, 2024, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 1,500,000 Units. As a result, the Sponsor and EBC also purchased an additional 37,500 Private Placement Units (33,281 Private Placement Units purchased by the Sponsor and 4,219 Private Placement Units purchased by EBC and its designees) from the Company, at a price of $10.00 per unit.
Conflicts of Interest
Each of our officers and directors presently has, and any of them in the future may have additional, fiduciary, or contractual obligations to other entities pursuant to which such officer or director is or will be required to present business combination opportunities to such entity. Accordingly, in the future, if any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has then-current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will honor his or her fiduciary or contractual obligations to present such opportunity to such entity. We do not believe, however, that any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of our officers arising in the future would materially undermine our ability to complete our Business Combination. Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us; and (ii) we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and us, on the other.
Potential investors should also be aware of the following other potential conflicts of interest:
●
Members of our Management Team directly or indirectly own 2,875,000 Founder Shares and, accordingly may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our Business Combination.
●
The $0.0087 per share price that the members of Management Team paid for the Founder Shares creates an incentive whereby our officers and directors could potentially make a substantial profit even if the Company selects an acquisition target that subsequently declines in value and is unprofitable for public investors.
●
In the event we do not consummate a Business Combination within the completion window, the Founder Shares, the Rights, the Private Placement Units, and their underlying securities will expire worthless, which could create an incentive for our officers and directors to complete any transaction, regardless of its ultimate value.
●
None of our officers or directors is required to commit his or her full time to our affairs and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating his or her time among various business activities.
●
In the course of their other business activities, our officers and directors may become aware of investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to us as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated.
85
●
Our Initial Shareholders have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares, Private Shares and any Public Shares held by them in connection with the consummation of our Business Combination. Additionally, our Initial Shareholders have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares and Private Shares held by them if we fail to consummate our Business Combination within 27 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. If we do not complete our Business Combination within such applicable time period, the funds held in the Trust Account will be used to fund the redemption of only our Public Shares, and the Private Placement Units and underlying securities will not be redeemed. The Founder Shares will not, subject to certain exceptions, be transferred, assigned, sold or released from escrow until six months after the date of the consummation of our Business Combination, or earlier, if, subsequent to our Business Combination, we consummate a subsequent liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of our shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other property. Since members of our Management may directly or indirectly own Ordinary Shares and Rights following the Initial Public Offering, our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to complete our Business Combination.
●
Our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a particular Business Combination if the retention or resignation of any such officers and directors was included by a target business as a condition to any agreement with respect to our Business Combination.
●
Our Initial Shareholders may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a Business Combination and financing arrangements as we may obtain loans from our Initial Shareholders, officers, directors or their affiliates to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended Business Combination. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into working capital units at a price of $10.00 per Unit at the option of the lender. Such working capital units would be identical to the Private Placement Units sold in the private placement.
The conflicts described above may not be resolved in our favor.
In general, officers and directors of a corporation incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands are required to present business opportunities to a corporation if:
●
the corporation could financially undertake the opportunity;
●
the opportunity is within the corporation’s line of business; and
●
it would not be fair to our Company and its shareholders for the opportunity not to be brought to the attention of the corporation.
Accordingly, as a result of multiple business affiliations, our officers and directors may have similar legal obligations relating to presenting business opportunities meeting the above-listed criteria to multiple entities. Furthermore, our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us; and (ii) we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and us, on the other.
We are not prohibited from pursuing a Business Combination with a company that is affiliated with our Initial Shareholders or any affiliate of them, subject to certain approvals and consents. In the event we seek to complete our Business Combination with such a company, we, or a committee of independent directors, would obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or from another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions, that such a Business Combination is fair to our Company from a financial point of view.
86
In the event that we submit our Business Combination to our shareholders for a vote, our Initial Shareholders have agreed to vote any Founder Shares and Private Shares held by them and any Public Shares purchased during or after the offering in favor of our Business Combination.
Services Arrangements
On May 16, 2024, we
entered into an administrative services agreement with our Sponsor, pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed to make available to the
Company certain general and administrative services, including office space and secretarial and administrative services, as the
Company may require from time to time. The Company has agreed to pay to the affiliate of the Sponsor $10,000 per month continuing
until the earlier of the consummation by the Company of a Business Combination or the Company’s liquidation. For the period
from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2025 the Company incurred $195,000 in such fees.
There will be no finder’s fees, reimbursement, consulting fee, monies in respect of any payment of a loan or other compensation paid by us to our Sponsor, officers or directors, or any affiliate of our Sponsor or officers prior to, or in connection with any services rendered in order to effectuate, the consummation of our Business Combination. However, these individuals will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as payment of customary fees incurred during the election of directors and performing due diligence on suitable Business Combinations. Our audit committee will review on a quarterly basis all payments that were made to our Sponsor, executive officers or directors, or our or their affiliates.
After the completion of our Business Combination, directors or members of our Management Team who remain with us may be paid consulting or management fees from the combined company. All of these fees will be fully disclosed to stockholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation materials or tender offer materials furnished to our stockholders in connection with a proposed Business Combination. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of the proposed Business Combination, because the directors of the post-combination business will be responsible for determining executive officer and director compensation.
Registration Rights
On May 16, 2024, we entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which the Company granted certain registration rights to the Sponsor and EBC relating to the Private Placement Units and the Ordinary Shares underlying the Private Placement Units. The holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Units (and underlying securities) and EBC Founder Shares have registration rights to require us to register the sale of any of our securities held by them pursuant to an executed registration rights agreement. These holders will be entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form registration demands, that we register such securities for sale under the Securities Act. In addition, these holders will have “piggy-back” registration rights to include their securities in other Registration Statements filed by us. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these holders may not exercise their demand and “piggyback” registration rights after five and seven years, respectively, after the effective date of the Registration Statement and may not exercise their demand rights on more than one occasion.
87
Item 14 . Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The firm of MaloneBailey, LLP (“Malone”),
acts as our independent registered public accounting firm. The following is a summary of fees paid to Malone for services rendered.
Audit Fees . During the year ended December
31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, fees for our independent registered
public accounting firm were approximately $103,000 and $150,000, respectively, for the services Malone performed in connection with the
audit of our December 31, 2025 and 2024 financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Audit-Related Fees. During the year ended
December 31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, our independent registered
public accounting firm did not render assurance and related services related to the performance of the audit or review of financial statements.
Tax Fees . During the year ended December
31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, our independent registered public accounting
firm did not render services to us for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
All Other Fees . During the year ended December
31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, there were no fees billed for products
and services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm other than those set forth above.
Pre-Approval Policy
Our audit committee was formed upon the consummation of our Initial Public Offering. As a result, the audit committee did not pre-approve all of the foregoing services, although any services rendered prior to the formation of our audit committee were approved by our board of directors. Since the formation of our audit committee, and on a going-forward basis, the audit committee has and will pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us by our auditors, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit).
88
PART IV
Item 15 . Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
(1)
Financial Statements:
Page
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-2
Balance Sheets
F-3
Statements of Operations
F-4
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit
F-5
Statements of Cash Flows
F-6
Notes to Financial Statements
F-7 to F-20
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules:
None.
(3)
Exhibits
We hereby file as part of this Report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material can also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates or on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
89
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Description
1.1
Underwriting Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc., as representative of the underwriters (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
2.1
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2025, by and among RF Acquisition Corp II, NYB Holdings Limited, NYB PTE. LTD. and Nanyang Biologics Pte. Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 2, 2025).
3.1
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
3.1.1
Amendment to the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, dated November 10, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 14, 2025).
4.1
Specimen Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
4.2
Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
4.3
Specimen Rights Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
4.4
Rights Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as rights agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
4.5
Description of Registrant’s Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC March 25, 2025).
10.1
Letter Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and among the Company, its executive officers, its directors and Alfa 24 Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.2
Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.2.1
Amendment to the Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated November 10, 2025, by and between RF Acquisition Corp II and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 14, 2025).
90
Exhibit
Description
10.3
Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and among the Company, Alfa 24 Limited and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.4
Private Placement Unit Purchase Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and Alfa 24 Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.5
Private Placement Units Purchase Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.6
Securities Escrow Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and among the Company, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the initial shareholders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.7
A Business Combination Marketing Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.8
Administrative Services Agreement, dated May 16, 2024, by and between the Company and Alfa 24 Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024).
10.9
Securities Subscription Agreement, dated February 15, 2024, by and between the Company and Alfa 24 Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
10.10
EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. Subscription Agreement, dated February 28, 2024, by and between the Company and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
10.11
Form of Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
10.12
Company Holders’ Support and Lock-Up Agreement and Deed, dated as of October 2, 2025, by and among, RF Acquisition Corp II, NYB Holdings Limited, Nanyang Biologics Pte. Ltd., and the other parties named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 2, 2025).
10.13
Founder Support and Lock-Up Agreement and Deed, dated as of October 2, 2025, by and among RF Acquisition Corp II, Nanyang Biologics Pte. Ltd., NYB Holdings Limited and RFAC II LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 2, 2025).
91
Exhibit
Description
14.1
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2024).
24.1*
Power of Attorney (included on the Signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
97.1
Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC March 25, 2025).
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
Not applicable.
92
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
By:
/s/ Tse Meng Ng
Name:
Tse Meng Ng
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
Date:
February 11, 2026
By:
/s/ Chee Soon Tham
Name:
Chee Soon Tham
Title:
Chief Financial Officer and Director
Date:
February 11, 2026
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Tse Meng Ng, his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
Position
Date
/s/ Tse Meng Ng
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
February 11, 2026
Tse Meng Ng
/s/ Chee Soon Tham
Chief Financial Officer and Director
February 11, 2026
Chee Soon Tham
/s/ Ryan Lee Wen
Director
February 11, 2026
Ryan Lee Wen
/s/ Vincent Yang Hui
Director
February 11, 2026
Vincent Yang Hui
/s/ Tuan Lee Low
Director
February 11, 2026
Tuan Lee Low
93
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 206)
F-2
Financial Statements:
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024
F-3
Statements of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 and for the Period From February 5, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31,
2024
F-4
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 and for the Period from February 5, 2024 (Inception)
through December 31, 2024
F-5
Statements of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 and for the Period from February 5, 2024 (Inception) through December 31,
2024
F-6
Notes to Financial Statements
F-7 to F-20
F- 1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and
Board of Directors of
RF Acquisition Corp II
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance
sheets of RF Acquisition Corp II (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related statements of operations,
shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception)
through December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion,
the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31. 2025 and 2024,
and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception)
through December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern Matter
The accompanying financial statements
have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1 to the financial statements,
the Company the Company expects to incur significant cost in pursuit to consummate a business combination and the Company’s business
plan is dependent on the completion of a business combination within a prescribed period of time and if not completed will cease all operations
except for the purpose of liquidating which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans
in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from
the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility
of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance
with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were
we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing
procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for
our opinion.
/s/
MaloneBailey,
LLP
www.malonebailey.com
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
Houston, Texas
February 11, 2026
206
F- 2
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2025
December 31,
2024
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash
$
337,383
$
958,786
Prepaid expenses
4,417
25,621
Due from Target
60,000
-
Total Current assets
401,800
984,407
Cash held in trust account
52,257,378
119,093,931
TOTAL ASSETS
$
52,659,178
$
120,078,338
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses
$
635,174
$
81,650
Advance from related party
138,550
138,550
Due to Sponsor
195,725
75,000
Total Current liabilities
969,449
295,200
Deferred underwriting fee payable
4,025,000
4,025,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES
4,994,449
4,320,200
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 6)
Ordinary
shares subject to possible redemption; 4,831,265
and 11,500,000 shares at redemption value of $ 10.82
and $ 10.36 per share as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively
52,257,378
119,093,931
SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preference shares, $ 0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
-
-
Ordinary shares, $ 0.0001
par value; 200,000,000
shares authorized; 3,512,500
issued and outstanding (excluding 4,831,265 and 11,500,000 shares subject to possible redemption) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively
352
352
Accumulated deficit
( 4,593,001
)
( 3,336,145
)
TOTAL
SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
( 4,592,649
)
( 3,335,793
)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
$
52,659,178
$
120,078,338
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F- 3
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2025
For the
Period From
February 5, 2024
(Inception) Through
December 31,
2024
Operating and formation costs
$
1,256,856
$
361,800
Loss from operations
( 1,256,856
)
( 361,800
)
Other income:
Interest earned on cash held in Trust Account
4,624,152
3,518,931
Net income
$
3,367,296
$
3,157,131
Weighted average shares outstanding of redeemable ordinary shares
10,641,286
7,796,970
Basic net income per ordinary share, redeemable ordinary shares
$
0.24
$
0.29
Weighted average shares outstanding of non-redeemable ordinary shares
3,512,500
3,249,015
Basic net income per share, non-redeemable ordinary shares
$
0.24
$
0.29
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding of redeemable ordinary shares
10,641,286
7,806,061
Diluted net income per share, redeemable ordinary shares
$
0.24
$
0.28
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding of non-redeemable ordinary shares
3,512,500
3,371,742
Diluted net income per share, non-redeemable ordinary shares
$
0.24
$
0.28
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F- 4
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND FOR
THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 5, 2024 (INCEPTION) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2024
Ordinary Shares
Additional
Paid-in
Subscription
Accumulated
Total
Shareholders’
Shares
Amount
Capital
Receivable
Deficit
Deficit
Balance as of February 5, 2024 (inception)
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Issuance of ordinary shares to Sponsor
2,875,000
288
24,712
-
-
25,000
Issuance of representative shares to EBC
200,000
20
1,719
( 1,739
)
-
-
Remeasurement of ordinary shares to redemption amount
-
-
( 5,068,964
)
-
( 6,493,276
)
( 11,562,240
)
Sale of 437,500 Private Placement Units
437,500
44
4,374,956
-
-
4,375,000
Proceeds received for representative shares to EBC
-
-
-
1,739
-
1,739
Fair value of rights included in Public units
-
-
727,950
-
-
727,950
Allocated value of transaction costs to rights included in Public units
-
-
( 60,373
)
-
-
( 60,373
)
Net income
-
-
-
-
3,157,131
3,157,131
Balance as of December 31, 2024
3,512,500
352
-
-
( 3,336,145
)
( 3,335,793
)
Remeasurement of ordinary shares to redemption amount
-
-
-
-
( 4,744,152
)
( 4,744,152
)
Contributions of extension fees
-
-
-
-
120,000
120,000
Net income
-
-
-
-
3,367,296
3,367,296
Balance
as of December 31, 2025
3,512,500
$
352
$
-
$
-
$
( 4,593,001
)
$
( 4,592,649
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F- 5
RF ACQUISITION CORP II
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2025
For Period
From February 5,
2024 (Inception)
Through
December 31,
2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income
$
3,367,296
$
3,157,131
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Payment of operating costs in exchange for issuance of Founder Shares
-
25,000
Payment of operating costs through advance from related party
-
31,620
Interest earned on cash held in Trust Account
( 4,624,152
)
( 3,518,931
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses
21,204
( 25,621
)
Due to Sponsor
120,725
75,000
Accrued expenses
553,524
166,300
Net
cash used in operating activities
( 561,403
)
( 89,501
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Investment of cash in Trust Account
( 120,000
)
( 115,575,000
)
Cash withdrawn from Trust Account in connection with redemption
71,580,705
-
Net cash provided
by (used in) investing activities
71,460,705
( 115,575,000
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid
-
112,700,000
Proceeds from sale of Private Placement Units
-
4,375,000
Proceeds from sale of Representative shares
-
1,739
Advances from related party
-
45,317
Payment of offering costs
-
( 498,769
)
Proceeds for extension deposit
60,000
-
Redemption of ordinary shares
( 71,580,705
)
-
Net cash (used
in) provided by financing activities
( 71,520,705
)
116,623,287
Net Change in Cash
( 621,403
)
958,786
Cash – Beginning of period
958,786
-
Cash
– End of period
$
337,383
$
958,786
Non-Cash investing and financing activities:
Remeasurement of ordinary shares subject to possible redemption value
$
4,744,152
$
11,562,240
Deferred underwriting fee payable
$
-
$
4,025,000
Offering cost included in advances from related party
$
-
$
61,613
Contributions of extension fees
$
120,000
$
-
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F- 6
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
RF Acquisition Corp II (the “Company”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”). The Company intends to pursue a Business Combination with a target in any industry that can benefit from the expertise and capabilities of the Company’s management team. While the Company’s efforts in identifying prospective target businesses will not be limited to a particular geographic region, the Company intends to focus its search on businesses in Asia within the deep technology sector, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology. However, the Company will not consummate its initial Business Combination with an entity or business with China operations through a variable interest entity (“VIE”) structure. The Company is an early stage and emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early stage and emerging growth companies.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had not commenced
any operations. All activity for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2025 relates to the Company’s
formation, the initial public offering (“Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial
Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after
the completion of an initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest
income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.
The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on May 16, 2024. On May 21, 2024, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 10,000,000 units (the “Units” and, with respect to the ordinary share included in the Units being offered, the “Public Shares”) at $ 10.00 per Unit, generating proceeds of $ 100,000,000 , which is described in Note 3.
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 400,000 Units (the “Private Placement Units”) at a price of $ 10.00 per Private Placement Unit in a private placement to Alfa 24 Limited (the “Sponsor”) and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc., the representative of the underwriters, generating gross proceeds of $ 4,000,000 , which is described in Note 4.
Transaction costs amounted to $ 5,975,732 consisting of $ 2,000,000 of cash underwriting fees, $ 3,500,000 of deferred underwriting fees, and $ 475,732 of other offering costs. As a result of the underwriters’ election to exercise the over-allotment option in full on May 23, 2024, the Company incurred additional transaction costs amounted to $ 825,000 consisting of $ 300,000 of cash underwriting fees and $ 525,000 of deferred underwriting fees.
On May 23, 2024, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 1,500,000 Units. As a result, on May 23, 2024, the Company sold an additional 1,500,000 Units at $ 10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $ 15,000,000 . In connection with this sale, the Sponsor and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. also purchased an additional 37,500 Private Placement Units from the Company, generating gross proceeds of $ 375,000 . The issuance of the additional Private Placement Units was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As a result, on May 23, 2024, the Company paid the underwriters a cash underwriting discount of $ 0.20 per unit, or an additional of $300,000 for a total of $ 2,300,000 . Upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the exercise of the Underwriters’ over-allotment option, an aggregate of $ 115,575,000 has been deposited in the trust account established in connection with the Initial Public Offering.
On July 1, 2024, the Company announced that the holders of the Company’s Units may elect to separately trade the ordinary shares, par value $ 0.0001 per share (the “Ordinary Shares”), and rights (the “Rights”) included in the Units commencing on July 5, 2024. Each Unit consists of one Ordinary Share and one Right, each Right entitling the holder thereof to receive one-twentieth (1/20) of one Ordinary Share upon the consummation of the Company’s initial Business Combination. Any Units not separated continue to trade on The Nasdaq Global Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “RFAIU.” Any underlying Ordinary Shares and Rights that were separated are trade on Nasdaq under the symbols “RFAI” and “RFAIR,” respectively. Holders of Units will need to have their brokers contact Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the Company’s transfer agent, in order to separate the holders’ Units into Ordinary Shares and Rights.
F- 7
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Units, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. Pursuant to applicable stock exchange listing rules, the Company’s initial Business Combination must be with one or more businesses or assets with a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (as defined below) (excluding the amount of deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account). The Company intends to only complete a Business Combination if the post-Business Combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the issued and outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target business sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect a Business Combination.
Following the closing of the Initial Public
Offering on May 21, 2024 and the overallotment on May 23, 2024, an amount of $ 115,575,000
($ 10.05
per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units in the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Units
was placed in the trust account (the “Trust Account”) with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as
trustee (the “Trustee”), and invested in demand deposit or cash accounts or invested only in U.S. government securities,
within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less, or in any
open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund investing solely in U.S. Treasuries and meeting certain
conditions under Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by the Company, until the earlier of (i) the completion
of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the funds in the Trust Account to the Company’s shareholders, as
described below.
The Company will provide the holders of the outstanding Public Shares (the “Public Shareholders”) with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer in connection with the Business Combination. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company in its sole discretion subject to requirements of corporate law. The Public Shareholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially anticipated to be $10.05 per Public Share, plus any pro rata interest then in the Trust Account, net of taxes payable). The Public Shares subject to redemption are recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “ Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity .”
If the Company seeks shareholder approval of the
Business Combination, the Company will proceed with a Business Combination only if the Company receives an ordinary resolution under
Cayman Islands law approving a Business Combination, which requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders who
attend and vote at a general meeting of the Company, or such other vote as required by law or stock exchange rule. If a shareholder
vote is not required and the Company does not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other legal reasons, the Company
will, pursuant to its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the “Charter”), conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender
offer rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and file tender offer documents containing
substantially the same information as would be included in a proxy statement with the SEC prior to completing a Business
Combination. If the Company seeks shareholder approval in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor has agreed to vote its
Founder Shares (as defined in Note 5) and, subject to applicable securities laws, any Public Shares purchased during or after the
Initial Public Offering in favor of approving a Business Combination. Additionally, each Public Shareholder may elect to redeem
their Public Shares, without voting, and if they do vote, irrespective of whether they vote for or against a proposed Business
Combination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company seeks shareholder approval of the Business Combination and the Company does not conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the Public Shares without the Company’s prior written consent.
F- 8
The Sponsor and EBC have agreed (a) to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares, EBC founder shares (defined below), Private Shares and Private Shares held by them in connection with the completion of a Business Combination, (b) to waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares, EBC founder shares and private shares in connection with a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to the Charter to (1) modify the substance or timing of the obligation to provide for the redemption of the public shares in connection with an initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of the public shares if the Company does not complete the initial Business Combination within 18 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering or (2) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity, and (c) to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any founder shares, EBC founder shares and private shares held by them if the Company fails to complete the initial Business Combination within 18 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering. If the Company submits the initial Business Combination to the public shareholders for a vote, the Sponsor and the Company’s officers and directors have agreed (and their permitted transferees will agree) to vote any founder shares, private shares and, subject to applicable securities laws, any public shares purchased by them in or after this Initial Public Offering (including in open market and privately-negotiated transactions) in favor of an initial Business Combination.
The Company has until November 15, 2025 to consummate a Business Combination (the “Combination Period”). However, if the Company has not completed a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Combination Period is not extended by shareholders pursuant to an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated articles of association, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, if any (less $ 100,000 to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then issued and outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish the rights of the Public Shareholders as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining Public Shareholders and its Board of Directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
On November 10, 2025, the Company held an extraordinary
general meeting of shareholders. The shareholders approved the following: (1) the Company amended its Amended and Restated Memorandum
and Articles of Association (the “Existing Charter”) on November 10, 2025, by adopting the Amendment to the Existing Charter
in the form set forth in Annex A to the definitive proxy statement, as supplemented, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
on October 14, 2025 (as supplemented, the “Articles Amendment”), reflecting the extension of the date by which the Company
must consummate a business combination from the Termination Date by up to nine (9) extensions comprised of one month each (each an “Extension”,
the end date of each Extension shall be referred to as “Extended Date”) up to August 15, 2026 (i.e., for a period of time
ending up to 27 months after the consummation of its initial public offering for a total of nine (9) months after the Termination Date
(assuming a business combination has not occurred); and (2) a proposal to amend the Company’s investment management trust agreement,
dated as of May 16, 2024, (the “Trust Agreement”), by and between the Company and the Trustee, to allow the Company to extend
the Termination Date up to nine (9) times for an additional one (1) month each time from the Termination Date or Extended Date, as applicable,
to August 15, 2026 (the “Trust Agreement Amendment”) by providing five days’ advance notice to the Trustee prior to
the applicable Termination Date or Extended Date and arranging to deposit into the Trust Account $0.03 for each Public Share not redeemed
in connection with the Extension Amendment Proposal, up to a maximum of $ 60,000 , per one-month extension two (2) days prior to such Extension
(the “Extension Payment”) until August 15, 2026 and (3) a proposal to adjourn the Extraordinary General Meeting to a later
date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies if, based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Extraordinary
General Meeting, there are not sufficient votes to approve the Extension Amendment Proposal and Trust Agreement Amendment Proposal or
to provide additional time to effectuate the Extension Amendment, Trust Agreement Amendment and Extension.
In connection with the shareholders’ vote
at the extraordinary general meeting, holders of 6,668,735 ordinary shares of the Company exercised their right to redeem such shares
(the “Redemption”) for a pro rata portion of the funds held in the Trust Account. As a result, approximately $71,580,705 (approximately
$10.73 per share) were removed from the Trust Account to pay such holders, leaving approximately $51.9 million in the Trust Account as
of the date of the Redemption. Following the aforementioned Redemption, the Company has an aggregate 8,343,765 ordinary shares outstanding ,
of which 4,831,265 are public shares subject to possible redemption.
F- 9
On November 19, 2025, Nanyang (as defined below)
deposited $ 60,000 into Trust Account, extending the Termination Date to December 15, 2025. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement
(as defined below), Nanyang shall pay the required Extension fee into Trust Account and all such amounts shall be deemed Nanyang’s
transaction cost.
On December 15, 2025, the Company transferred $ 60,000
into Trust Account on behalf of Nanyang, due to a delay payment from Nanyang, extending the Termination Date to January 15, 2026. As
a result, the Company recorded a due from Target of $ 60,000
as of December 31, 2025.
The Sponsor agreed to waive its rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the Founder Shares it would receive if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the Sponsor or any of its affiliates acquires Public Shares, such Public Shares will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period.
In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor agreed that it will be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm) for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (1) $ 10.05 per Public Share and (2) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $ 10.05 per Public Share, due to reductions in the value of trust assets, in each case net of the interest that may be withdrawn to pay taxes. This liability will not apply to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account and as to any claims by the Company’s auditors or under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (other than the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.
Business Combination Agreement
On October 2, 2025, the Company, entered
into a Business Combination Agreement (as it may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business
Combination Agreement”), by and among NYB Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability (“PubCo”),
NYB Pte. Ltd., a Singapore private company limited by shares and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of PubCo (“Amalgamation Sub”)
and Nanyang Biologics Pte. Ltd., a Singapore private company limited by shares (“Nanyang” or “Target”).
The Business Combination Agreement provides for,
among other things, the following transactions: (i) the Company will merge with and into PubCo (the “Merger”), with PubCo
being the surviving entity (the “Surviving Company”); and (ii) following the Merger, Amalgamation Sub and Nanyang will amalgamate
and continue as one company, with Nanyang being the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of PubCo (the “Amalgamation”).
The Merger, the Amalgamation and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are hereinafter referred to
as the “Business Combination.”
F- 10
Business Combination Consideration
In accordance with the terms and subject to the
conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, (i) each issued and outstanding Nanyang ordinary share will automatically be cancelled
and converted into such number of newly issued PubCo Shares as determined in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement;
(ii) each issued and outstanding share of Amalgamation Sub will automatically be converted into one Surviving Company’s ordinary
shares and accordingly, PubCo shall be the holder of all Surviving Company’s ordinary shares; (iii) each issued and outstanding
Company ordinary share will be cancelled and cease to exist in exchange for one PubCo Share; and (iv) each issued and outstanding rights
of the Company shall cease to be a right with respect to the Company’s ordinary shares and shall be exchanged for one-twentieth
(1/20th) of a PubCo Share. Any fractional PubCo Shares will be rounded down to the nearest whole share.
Going Concern Consideration
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had
$ 337,383
in cash and a working capital deficit of $ 567,649 .
The Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant professional costs to remain as a publicly traded company and to incur significant transaction costs in pursuit of the consummation of a Business Combination. The Company does not believe it will need to raise additional funds to meet the expenditures required for operating its business. However, if the Company’s estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, the Company may have insufficient funds available to operate its business prior to the initial Business Combination. Moreover, the Company may need to obtain additional financing either to complete its Business Combination or because the Company becomes obligated to redeem a significant number of its public shares upon completion of the Business Combination, in which case the Company may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination. The Company’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.
In connection with the Company’s assessment
of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined
that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the
date that the financial statements are issued. In addition, if the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination
Period, the Company’s board of directors would proceed to commence voluntary liquidation and thereby a formal dissolution of the
Company. There is no assurance that the Company’s plans to consummate a Business Combination will be successful within the Combination
Period. As a result, management has determined that such an additional condition also raises substantial doubt about the Company’s
ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
F- 11
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
F- 12
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term
investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company has $337,383 and
$ 958,786
in cash and no
cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Cash Held in Trust Account
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the
assets held in the Trust Account amounted to $52,257,378 and $ 119,093,931 , respectively, which consisted of interest-earning demand cash.
Net Income per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and ordinary disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. The Company has two classes of ordinary shares, which are referred to as ordinary shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares. This presentation contemplates a Business Combination as the most likely outcome, in which case, both classes of ordinary shares share pro rata in the loss of the Company. Remeasurement associated with the redeemable shares of ordinary shares is excluded from earnings per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The calculation of diluted income per ordinary share does not consider the effect of the rights issued in connection with the (i) Initial Public Offering, and (ii) the private placement, since the issuance of the shares included in the rights is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. The rights entitle the holder to receive one-twentieth of one ordinary share representing a total of 596,875 ordinary shares.
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts):
Basic and diluted net loss per share
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2025
For the
Period From
February 5, 2024
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2024
Redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Non-redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Non-redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Basic net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income
$
2,531,645
$
835,651
$
2,228,507
$
928,624
Denominator
Weighted-average shares outstanding
10,641,286
3,512,500
7,796,970
3,249,015
Basic net income per ordinary share
$
0.24
$
0.24
$
0.29
$
0.29
F- 13
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2025
For the
Period From
February 5, 2024
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2024
Redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Non-redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Non-redeemable
Ordinary
Shares
Diluted net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income
$
2,531,645
$
835,651
$
2,204,794
$
952,337
Denominator
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
10,641,286
3,512,500
7,806,061
3,371,742
Diluted net income per ordinary share
$
0.24
$
0.24
$
0.28
$
0.28
Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, “ Income Taxes .” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold
and a measurement attribute for the financial statements recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken
in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination
by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax
jurisdiction. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to recognized tax liabilities as income tax expense. There were no
amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company is currently not aware of any issues
under review that could result in significant payments, accruals, or material deviation from its position. The Company may be
subject to potential examination by foreign taxing authorities in the area of income taxes. These potential examinations may include
questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with foreign tax
laws.
The Company is an exempted Cayman Islands company and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. In accordance with Cayman income tax regulations, income taxes are not levied on the Company. Consequently, income taxes are not reflected in the Company’s financial statements.
Offering Costs
The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A – “Expenses of Offering”. Deferred offering costs consist of underwriting, legal, and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Initial Public Offering and were allocated between the Ordinary Shares Subject to redemption and the equity instruments included in the Private Placement and rights included in the public units. The costs of $6,740,359 allocated to the Ordinary Shares Subject to Redemption and $ 60,373 allocated to the rights included in the public units were charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “ Fair Value Measurement ,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
F- 14
Redeemable Share Classification
The Public Shares contain a redemption
feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a
shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC
480-10-S99, the Company classifies Public ordinary shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption
provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Public Shares sold as part of the Units in the Initial Public
Offering were issued with other freestanding instruments (i.e., Public Rights) and as such, the initial carrying value of Public
Shares classified as temporary equity is the allocated proceeds determined in accordance with ASC 470-20. The Company recognizes
changes in redemption value immediately as it occurs and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption
value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the
accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in
charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, ordinary shares
subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit
section of the Company’s balance sheets.
In connection with the shareholders’ vote at the extraordinary general meeting held on November 10, 2025, holders of 6,668,735 ordinary
shares of the Company exercised their right to redeem such shares (the “Redemption”) for a pro rata portion of the funds held
in the Trust Account. As a result, approximately $71,580,705 (approximately $10.73 per share) was removed from the Trust Account to pay
such holders, leaving approximately $51,9 million in the Trust Account as of the date of the Redemption. Following the aforementioned
Redemption, the Company has an aggregate 8,343,765 ordinary shares outstanding , of which 4,831,265 are public shares subject to possible
redemption.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the ordinary
shares subject to possible redemption reflected in the balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:
Schedule of reconciliation of common stock reflected on balance sheet
Gross proceeds
$
115,000,000
Less:
Proceeds allocated to Public Rights
( 727,950
)
Ordinary share issuance cost
( 6,740,359
)
Plus:
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value
11,562,240
Ordinary
shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024
$
119,093,931
Less:
Redemption of ordinary shares
( 71,580,705 )
Plus:
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value
4,744,152
Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2025
$ 52,257,378
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheets as current or non-current based on whether net-cash settlement or conversion of the instruments could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. The over-allotment option is deemed to be a freestanding financial instrument indexed on the contingently redeemable shares and was accounted for as a liability pursuant to ASC 480.
Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
F- 15
NOTE 3 — INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, the Company sold 10,000,000 Units at a price of $ 10.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one ordinary share and one right (“Public Right”), with each Public Right entitling the holder to receive one-twentieth of one ordinary share.
On May 23, 2024, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 1,500,000 Units. As a result, on May 23, 2024, the Company sold an additional 1,500,000 Units at $ 10.00 per Unit.
NOTE 4 — PRIVATE PLACEMENTS
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor and EBC purchased an aggregate of 400,000 Private Placement Units ( 355,000 Private Placement Units purchased by the Sponsor and 45,000 Private Placement Units purchased by EBC and its designees), at a price of $ 10.00 per unit in an amount that is necessary to maintain in the Trust Account $10.05 per unit sold to the public in the Initial Public Offering. On May 23, 2024, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 1,500,000 Units. As a result, the Sponsor and EBC also purchased an additional 37,500 Private Placement Units ( 33,281 Private Placement Units purchased by the Sponsor and 4,219 Private Placement Units purchased by EBC and its designees) from the Company, at a price of $ 10.00 per unit.
Each Unit consists of one ordinary share (“Private Share”), and one right (“Private Right”), each Private Right entitles the holder to receive one-twentieth of one ordinary share. The proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Units were added to the net proceeds from the Initial Public Offering held in the Trust Account. If the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Units held in the Trust Account will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law). The Private Placement Units and underlying securities will not be transferable, assignable, or salable until the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain exceptions.
NOTE 5 — RELATED PARTIES
Founder Shares
On February 15, 2024, the Sponsor received 2,875,000 of the Company’s ordinary shares in exchange for $ 25,000 paid for operating costs borne by the Company. Up to 375,000 of such founder shares are subject to forfeiture to the extent that the underwriters’ over-allotment is not exercised in full. On February 28, 2024, the Company issued to EBC 200,000 EBC founder shares for a purchase price of $ 0.0087 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $ 1,739 .
The Sponsor has agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) six months after the completion of the initial Business Combination and (B) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after the initial Business Combination that results in all public shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property.
On May 23, 2024, because of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option, an aggregate of 375,000 Founder Shares was no longer subject to forfeiture.
F- 16
Advance from Related Party
The Sponsor paid certain operating costs on
behalf of the Company. These amounts are due on demand and non-interest bearing. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the
amount advanced from the related party was $ 138,550 .
Due to Sponsor
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the balance of due to Sponsor was $ 195,725 and $ 75,000 , respectively, which mainly consisted of the
administration fee as described below. In addition, the Sponsor paid $ 725 operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 and
was recorded as due to Sponsor on the accompanying balance sheets.
Administration Fee
Commencing on May 16, 2024, the Sponsor
charges the Company an allocable share of its overhead, up to $ 10,000
per month to the close of the Business Combination, to compensate it for the Company’s use of its office, utilities and
administrative support. For the year ended December 31, 2025 and for the period from February 5, 2024 (inception) through
December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $ 120,000 and $ 75,000
administrative fee, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, $ 195,000 and $ 75,000 , respectively, have been accrued and remained unpaid under this agreement.
NOTE 6 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Risks and Uncertainties
The United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the geopolitical instability resulting from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and the recent escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict. In response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) deployed additional military forces to eastern Europe, and the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have announced various sanctions and restrictive actions against Russia, Belarus and related individuals and entities, including the removal of certain financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) payment system. Certain countries, including the United States, have also provided and may continue to provide military aid or other assistance to Ukraine and to Israel, increasing geopolitical tensions among several nations. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict and the resulting measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Israel and its neighboring states and other countries have created global security concerns that could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, they could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions and increased cyber-attacks against U.S. companies. Additionally, any resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets.
Any of the above-mentioned factors, or any other negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or other geopolitical conditions resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict and subsequent sanctions or related actions, could adversely affect the Company’s search for an Initial Business Combination and any target business with which the Company may ultimately consummate an Initial Business Combination.
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares, EBC founder shares, Private Placement Units and any units that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans (and all underlying securities) are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of Initial Public Offering requiring the Company to register such securities for resale. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form registration demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to completion of a Business Combination and rights to require the Company to register for resale such securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. However, the registration rights agreement provides that the Company will not be required to effect or permit any registration or cause any registration statement to become effective until the securities covered thereby are released from their lock-up restrictions. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
F- 17
Underwriting Agreement
The Company has granted the underwriters a 45-day option from the date of Initial Public Offering to purchase up to 1,500,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments, if any, at the Initial Public Offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.
The underwriters were entitled to a cash underwriting discount of $0.20 per Unit.
On May 23, 2024, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 1,500,000 Units. As a result, on May 23, 2024, the Company paid the underwriters a cash underwriting discount of $0.20 per unit, or an aggregate of $ 300,000 .
Business Combination Marketing Agreement
The Company has engaged EBC as an advisor in connection with its Business Combination to assist in holding meetings with the Company stockholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce the Company to potential investors that are interested in purchasing its securities in connection with its initial Business Combination and assist with press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. The Company will pay EBC a service fee for such services upon the consummation of its initial Business Combination in an amount equal to 3.5 % of the gross proceeds (an aggregate of $ 4,025,000 since the underwriters’ over-allotment option was exercised in full) of the Initial Public Offering. In addition, the Company will pay EBC a service fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the total consideration payable in the initial Business Combination if it introduces the Company to the target business with whom it completes an initial Business Combination; provided that the foregoing fee will not be paid prior to the date that is 60 days from the effective date of the Initial Public Offering, unless FINRA determines that such payment would not be deemed underwriters’ compensation in connection with the Initial Public Offering pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110.
NOTE 7 — SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preference Shares — The
Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000
preference shares with a par value of $ 0.0001
per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the
Company’s board of directors. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.
Ordinary Shares — The
Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000
ordinary shares with a par value of $ 0.0001
per share. Holders of ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were 3,512,500
ordinary shares issued and outstanding, excluding 4,831,265 and 11,500,000
ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, respectively.
Rights — Except in cases where the Company is not the surviving company in a business combination, each holder of a right will automatically receive one-twentieth (1/20) of one ordinary share upon consummation of the initial Business Combination. The Company will not issue fractional shares in connection with an exchange of rights. Fractional shares will either be rounded down to the nearest whole share or otherwise addressed in accordance with the applicable provisions of Cayman law. In the event the Company is not the surviving company upon completion of the initial Business Combination, each holder of a right will be required to affirmatively convert his, her or its rights to receive the one-twentieth (1/20) of one ordinary share underlying each right upon consummation of the Business Combination. If the Company is unable to complete the initial Business Combination within the required period and the Company will redeem the public shares for the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of rights will not receive any of such funds for their rights and the rights will expire worthless.
Other — Capital contributions of extension fees
– During the year ended December 31, 2025, there were $ 120,000 extension fees paid and deposited into the Trust Account. Pursuant
to the Business combination agreement, as described in note 1, the agreement provides under section 9.3, that the extension payments
are paid by the target and there is no obligation of repayment, and are recognized as capital contributions for extension fees.
F- 18
NOTE 8 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used to value the assets and liabilities:
Level 1:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2:
Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3:
Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 480 and was presented within liabilities on the balance sheets. On May 23, 2024, the over-allotment was exercised as such the liability was eliminated and charged to accumulated deficit.
The Company used a Black-Scholes model to value the over-allotment option. The over-allotment option liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the measurement dates due to the use of unobservable inputs inherent in pricing models, including assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life and risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary share based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the option. The expected life of the option is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term.
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of over-allotment option liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as of May 21, 2024 and as of December 31, 2024:
Schedule of changes in the fair value of over-allotment option liabilities
Over-allotment option
Fair value as of May 21, 2024
$
179,146
Exercise of over-allotment option
( 179,146
)
Fair value as of December 31, 2024
$
-
The rights included in the unites were classified as equity and were valued based on market comparable. No recurring valuation is required. The following criteria were utilized to select comparable Special Purpose Acquisition Companies who were pre-business combination and included rights as part of their units that were publicly trading with significant time remaining to complete their initial business combination:
Schedule of initial business combination
Criteria
Low
High
IPO Proceeds
60
240
Warrant Coverage
-
1.0
Rights Coverage (per unit)
0.05
0.20
Remaining Months to Complete
6
17
F- 19
NOTE 9 — SEGMENT INFORMATION
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,”
establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic
areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is
available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources
and assess performance.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker
has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CODM”), who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole
to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company
only has one operating segment.
When evaluating the Company’s performance
and making key decisions regarding resource allocation, the CODM reviews key metrics, formation and operational costs and interest earned
on cash held in Trust Account which include the accompanying statements of operations.
The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed
by our CODM are interest earned on cash held in Trust Account and operating and formation costs. The CODM reviews interest earned on cash
held in Trust Account to measure and monitor stockholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust
Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. Formation and operational costs are reviewed and monitored by the
CODM to manage and forecast cash to ensure enough capital is available to complete a business combination within the business combination
period. The CODM also reviews the formation and operational costs to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure
costs are aligned with all agreements and budget.
NOTE 10 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions
that occurred after the balance sheet date and through the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other
than described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial
statements.
Subsequent to December 31, 2025, Nanyang transferred
$ 60,000 into Trust Account, extending the Termination Date to February 15, 2026.
F- 20
Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.