What changed in this filing

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2023-04-25 compared with 2022-10-25 · 157 added, 218 removed, 278 unchanged (57% of the section changed)

1 unchanged sentence

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Our home sales revenues increased 16% and 17% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 over the comparable prior year periods, respectively, while our gross margins increased 360 bps and 390 bps, respectively, over the same periods.

These results were driven by increases in selling prices in response to robust consumer demand in 2021 and early 2022 when the majority of the homes closed in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were placed under contract with the customers.

However, the strength of new home demand has progressively declined during 2022 as the Federal Reserve increased benchmark interest rates in response to inflation, which, in turn, drove national mortgage and other interest rates higher, impacting home affordability and consumer sentiment.

These increases in interest rates, along with ongoing high inflation, disruptions related to the conflict in Ukraine, and other macroeconomic factors, have tempered new home demand in all of our markets.

As a result, net new orders declined 28% and 23% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared with the prior year periods.

Our order backlog at September 30, 2022 remained high relative to historical levels, but decreased 11% and 5% in units from June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

These decreases in backlog were driven by the aforementioned lower new orders, combined with an increasing cancellation rate, which increased to 24% in the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 10% in the comparable prior year period.

Supply chain constraints that began after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have continued to limit the availability of certain materials and construction labor, which, combined with delays in municipal approvals and inspections, continue to pressure production cycle times of the homes we are constructing.

The time required to construct a home was approximately seven weeks longer in the third quarter of 2022 as compared with the prior year period and approximately one week longer than the second quarter of 2022.

The strength of new home demand declined beginning in mid-2022 as the Federal Reserve increased benchmark interest rates in response to inflation, which, in turn, drove national mortgage and other interest rates higher, impacting home affordability and consumer sentiment.

As a result, net signups during the first quarter of 2023 decreased by 8% as compared to the comparable prior year period, as such prior year period benefited from a historically low interest rate environment and the tailwinds of pent-up demand from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Demand strengthened in the first quarter of 2023, evidenced by a monthly increase in net signups beginning in December 2022 and increasing sequentially through March 2023.

This sequential increase in orders in recent months was partially supported by an increase in sales incentives, including mortgage interest rate buydowns and a decrease in mortgage rates.

Reflective of these trends, our order backlog in units decreased 34% at March 31, 2023 compared with March 31, 2022 but increased 8% compared with December 31, 2022.

Additionally, our home sale revenues increased 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 over the comparable prior year period, while our gross margins remained very strong relative to historical levels at 29.1%.

Supply chain constraints that began after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have improved, but continue to limit the availability of certain materials and construction labor, which, combined with delays in municipal approvals and inspections, continue to pressure production cycle times of the homes we are constructing.

The time required to construct a home was approximately five weeks longer in the first quarter of 2023 compared with the first quarter of 2022, but we have begun to see signs of a normalization in cycle times since the fourth quarter of 2022.

The noted supply chain and labor issues have led to significant cost pressures in almost all areas of our business, but especially related to construction labor and materials.

In 2021 and the first half of 2022, we were able to increase pricing to offset the majority of such cost increases, but pricing will be significantly more challenged in the near term given the lower demand for new homes.

In response to the significant shift in market conditions in 2022, we have slowed the pace of our housing starts, have increased sales incentives, and are taking additional pricing actions in many of our communities.

We are updating the underwriting for each of our land option contracts prior to buying additional land and have recently made decisions to walk away from a number of land option agreements, which resulted in write-offs of deposits and pre-acquisition costs totaling $24.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022.

We will be working with our trade partners to update the costs for materials, labor, and services to reflect current market conditions and will adjust our overhead cost structure as necessary to align with demand.

We expect that the more challenging environment for new residential housing will continue through at least 2023 and will result in lower revenues and profitability during those periods.

Despite these conditions, there remains a housing shortage across the United States, and we are confident in our ability to navigate this environment and to position the Company to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.

Lumber, in particular, has experienced heightened volatility in recent years, including significant cost increases in 2021 followed by significant cost decreases in 2022.

Due to the length of our construction cycle times, there is a lag between when such cost changes occur and when they impact our operating results.

Sales pricing of our homes has remained elevated in 2023, which has allowed us to offset the majority of such cost increases.

However, average selling prices decreased sequentially since the fourth quarter of 2022, primarily as a result of increased sales incentives.

As interest rates increased in 2022, we adjusted business practices to support a consistent cadence of house starts and an appropriate inventory of quick move-in homes as we focused on turning our assets and delivering high returns on investment.

By achieving an effective balance of price and pace, we realized strong revenues and earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Within an evolving macroeconomic environment, consumers across all buyer segments and price points continued to demonstrate a strong desire for homeownership.

We are confident in our ability to navigate this environment and to position the Company to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.

Consolidated Operations

The following is a summary of our operating results by line of business ($000's omitted, except per share data):

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2021 2022 2021

Three Months Ended

Income before income taxes:

6 unchanged sentences

Net income $ 2.35 $ 1.83

• Homebuilding income before income taxes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased 37% and 46% compared with the same periods in 2021, respectively.

The results are primarily the result of a significantly higher average selling price and gross margin partially offset by higher write-offs of land deposits and pre-acquisition costs.

Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also include insurance reserve reversals of $56.6 million and a loss on debt retirement of $61.5 million (see Note 8 and Note 4 , respectively).

• Financial Services income before income taxes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 43% and 35% compared to the same periods in 2021, respectively, primarily as the result of a lower capture rate and revenue per loan due to increased competitiveness in the mortgage industry in 2022.

• Our effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 22.6% and 23.8%, respectively, compared to 23.3% and 22.4%, respectively, for the same periods in 2021.

Our effective tax rate for each of these periods differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income tax expense and benefits associated with federal energy efficient home credits, while the 2021 tax rate also included a benefit associated with a reduction in valuation allowances relating to projected utilization of certain state net operating loss carryforwards.

• Homebuilding income before income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 23% compared with the same period in 2022.

The results are primarily the result of higher closings and average selling prices combined with improved overhead leverage.

• Financial Services income before income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 66% compared to the same period in 2022, primarily as the result of a lower capture rate and revenue per loan due to increased competitiveness in the mortgage industry in 2023, including an industry-wide increase in mortgage incentives.

• Our effective tax rate was 24.2% for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our effective tax rate for each of these periods differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income tax expense.

Homebuilding Operations

The following presents selected financial information for our Homebuilding operations ($000’s omitted):

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2022 vs.

Three Months Ended

2023 2023 vs.

Home sale revenues $ 3,840,449 16 % $ 3,324,483 $ 10,720,364 17 % $ 9,156,371

Home sale revenues (a)

$ 3,487,637 15 % $ 3,032,217

Land sale and other revenues 30,066 (9) % 33,159

Total Homebuilding revenues 3,517,703 15 % 3,065,376

Home sale cost of revenues (a)

Home sale cost of revenues (a) (b)

(2,472,329) 15 % (2,142,978)

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Selling, general, and administrative

expenses ("SG&A") (b)

(350,112) 9 % (320,506) (1,030,391) 19 % (864,478)

Loss on debt retirement — — % — — (c) (61,469)

Other expense, net (25,322) 434 % (4,742) (32,039) 266 % (8,742)

expenses ("SG&A") (336,518) 2 % (329,022)

Equity income from unconsolidated entities 2,513 (c) 1,221

Other expense, net 1,818 (c) (3,295)

Income before income taxes $ 688,220 23 % $ 559,300

Supplemental data:

Gross margin from home sales 30.1 % 360 bps 26.5 % 30.1 % 390 bps 26.2 %

Gross margin from home sales (a)

29.1 % (20) bps 29.3 %

SG&A as a percentage of home

sale revenues 9.1 % (50) bps 9.6 % 9.6 % 20 bps 9.4 %

sale revenues (a)

9.6 % (130) bps 10.9 %

Closings (units) 6,394 6 % 6,039

Average selling price $ 545 15 % $ 474 $ 529 17 % $ 451

Average selling price (a)

$ 545 9 % $ 502

Net new orders (d) :

3 unchanged sentences

Average active communities 879 13 % 777

Backlog at September 30:

Backlog at March 31:

Units 13,129 (34) % 19,935

Dollars $ 7,976,424 (31) % $ 11,519,770

(a) Includes the amortization of capitalized interest.

(b) Includes insurance reserve reversals of $56.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, (see Note 8 ).

(a) All periods reflect the reclassification of closing cost incentives from home sale cost of revenues to homes sale revenues ( Note 1 ).

(b) Includes the amortization of capitalized interest.

1 unchanged sentence

Home sale revenues

Home sale revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were higher than the prior year periods by $516.0 million and $1.6 billion, respectively.

In the three months ended September 30, 2022, the 16% increase resulted from a 15% increase in average selling price combined with a 1% increase in closings.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the 17% increase resulted from a 17% increase in average selling price.

The increases in average selling price reflected the impact of pricing actions taken in response to robust consumer demand in 2021 and early 2022 when the majority of the homes that closed were placed under contract with the customers, partially offset by an increase in the mix of first-time buyer homes, which typically carry a lower sales price.

Home sale revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2023 were higher than the prior year period by $455.4 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the 15% increase resulted from a 6% increase in closings combined with a 9% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings was attributable an increased number of quick move-in or speculative homes to satisfy consumer demand to quickly close on homes due to the volatile interest rate environment and ongoing supply chain challenges.

The increased average selling price reflected the impact of continued consumer demand and persistent inflation, partially offset by an increase in the mix of first-time buyer homes, which typically carry a lower sales price, and higher sales incentives in substantially all of our markets.

The year-over-year increases in average selling price occurred in substantially all of our markets.

Home sale gross margins

Home sale gross margins were 30.1% in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 26.5% and 26.2% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Gross margins reflected the robust consumer demand that existed in 2021 and early 2022 when the majority of the homes that closed were placed under contract with the customers combined with limited supplies of new and existing housing inventory.

This resulted in a strong pricing environment, which allowed us to offset increases in house and land costs through pricing actions in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Home sale gross margins were 29.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 29.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Generally, we were able to maintain pricing to substantially offset increases in house and land costs.

Land sale and other revenues

1 unchanged sentence

Land sale and other revenues and their related gains or losses vary between periods, depending on the timing of land sales and our strategic operating decisions.

Land sales and other revenues contributed income of $4.3 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $15.6 million and $20.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included a gain of $12.9 million related to a land sale transaction in California that had been in the entitlement process for a number of years.

SG&A as a percentage of home sale revenues was 9.1% and 9.6% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared with 9.6% and 9.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The gross dollar amount of our SG&A increased $29.6 million, or 9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the prior year period, and increased $165.9 million, or 19%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the prior year period.

The increases in gross dollars in 2022 resulted primarily from higher headcount and other overhead costs to support growth expectations and the increased number of homes in production, combined with insurance reserve reversals of $56.6 million recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (see Note 8 ).

Other expense, net

Other expense, net includes the following ($000’s omitted):

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2021 2022 2021

Land sales and other revenues contributed income of $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

SG&A as a percentage of home sale revenues was 9.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with 10.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The gross dollar amount of our SG&A increased $7.5 million, or 2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to March 31, 2022.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net includes the following ($000’s omitted):

Three Months Ended

Write-offs of deposits and pre-acquisition costs $ (5,683) $ (3,510)

2 unchanged sentences

Interest expense (107) (86)

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities 446 604 2,390 5,620

Miscellaneous, net 3,182 2,734

Total other expense, net $ (25,322) $ (4,742) $ (32,039) $ (8,742)

Total other income (expense), net $ 1,818 $ (3,295)

Net new orders

Net new orders in units decreased 28% while net new orders in dollars decreased 26% in the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the prior year period.

Net new orders in units decreased 23% while net new orders in dollars decreased 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared with the prior year period.

The decreases in net new order volume in 2022 are due primarily to reduced buyer demand, which began in the second quarter of 2022, particularly for homes that are estimated to close further out in time, as the market responded to increased affordability challenges resulting from a historic increase in mortgage interest rates, increases in the price of homes, and the impact of inflationary pressures in the broader economy.

Contributing factors also include our lower average community count and Company actions to intentionally moderate sales pace earlier in 2022 in order to manage our large backlog of orders and supply chain challenges.

The cancellation rate (canceled orders for the period divided by gross new orders for the period) was 24% and 15% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 10% and 8% for the comparable periods in 2021, respectively.

increase in cancellation rate occurred primarily in the second and third quarters of 2022 due to a decrease in consumer confidence coupled with the aforementioned increases in mortgage interest rates.

Ending backlog dollars, which represents orders for homes that have not yet closed, increased 3% at September 30, 2022 compared with September 30, 2021, as the result of higher average selling prices and elongated production cycle times, partially offset by lower net new orders.

Net new orders in units decreased 8% while net new orders in dollars decreased 20% in the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period.

The decreased net new order volume in 2023 was primarily due to higher cancellation rates (canceled orders for the period divided by gross new orders for the period), which was 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 9% for the comparable prior year period.

Cancellation rates began to increase during the second quarter of 2022 as the market responded to increased home affordability challenges resulting from a historic increase in mortgage interest rates, increases in the price of homes, and the impact of inflationary pressures in the broader economy.

Ending backlog dollars, which represents orders for homes that have not yet closed, decreased 31% at March 31, 2023 compared with March 31, 2022, as a result of the aforementioned lower net new orders and higher cancellation rates.

Homes in production

The following is a summary of our homes in production:

September 30,

2022 September 30,

2023 March 31,

Sold 10,487 16,088

3 unchanged sentences

Total 18,239 22,545

The number of homes in production at September 30, 2022 was 21% higher than at September 30, 2021.

This increase is primarily attributable to a higher level of unsold homes, or speculative homes, under construction, which reflects our strategic decision to increase housing starts of speculative units in response to the noted supply chain challenges and to have product available that can close quickly for customers that are concerned about potentially higher mortgage interest rates.

The higher cancellation rate in the three months ended September 30, 2022 also contributed to the increase in unsold inventory.

The number of homes in production at March 31, 2023 was 19% lower than at March 31, 2022.

This decrease was primarily attributable to the lower number of sold homes as a result of decreased new orders and higher cancellations, partially offset by an increased number of unsold homes, which reflected our strategic decision to increase starts of speculative units in response to buyer demand for quick move-in homes.

Controlled lots

The following is a summary of our lots under control at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021

The following is a summary of our lots under control at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022

Owned Optioned Controlled Owned Optioned Controlled

8 unchanged sentences

Developed (%) 43 % 16 % 30 % 43 % 16 % 30 %

While competition for well-positioned land is robust, we continue to pursue land investments that we believe can achieve appropriate risk-adjusted returns on invested capital.

We also continue to seek to maintain a high percentage of our lots that are controlled via land option agreements, as such contracts enable us to defer acquiring properties until we have determined whether and when to exercise our option, which reduces our financial risks associated with long-term land holdings.

However, the percentage of lots controlled via land option agreements decreased in the three months ended September 30, 2022 as the result of our decision to terminate a number of pending transactions.

The remaining purchase price under our land option agreements totaled $6.0 billion at September 30, 2022.

While competition for well-positioned land is robust, we continued to pursue land investments that we believe can achieve appropriate risk-adjusted returns on invested capital.

We have also continued to seek to maintain a high percentage of our lots that are controlled via land option agreements as such contracts enabled us to defer acquiring portions of properties owned by third parties or unconsolidated entities until we have determined whether and when to exercise our option, which reduces our financial risks associated with long-term land holdings.

The remaining purchase price under our land option agreements totaled $5.5 billion at March 31, 2023.

Homebuilding Segment Operations

As of September 30, 2022, we conducted our operations in over 40 markets located throughout 24 states.

As of March 31, 2023, we conducted our operations in 42 markets located throughout 24 states.

For reporting purposes, our Homebuilding operations are aggregated into six reportable segments:

5 unchanged sentences

Operating Data by Segment ($000's omitted)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2022 vs.

Three Months Ended

2023 2023 vs.

Home sale revenues:

Home sale revenues (a) :

Northeast $ 220,538 36 % $ 162,325

5 unchanged sentences

$ 3,487,637 15 % $ 3,032,217

Income (loss) before income taxes (a) :

Income (loss) before income taxes (b) :

Northeast $ 46,797 71 % $ 27,399

4 unchanged sentences

West 99,577 (25) % 133,269

Other homebuilding (b)

Other homebuilding (c)

(13,163) 64 % (36,653)

$ 688,220 23 % $ 559,300

(a) Includes land-related charges as summarized in the table below.

(b) Other homebuilding includes the amortization of intangible assets and capitalized interest and other items not allocated to the operating segments.

Other homebuilding also includes insurance reserve reversals of $56.6 million and a loss on debt retirement of $61.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (see Note 8 and Note 4 , respectively).

(a) All periods reflect the reclassification of closing cost incentives to homes sale revenues from home sale cost of revenues ( Note 1 ).

(b) Includes land-related charges as summarized in the table below.

(c) Other homebuilding includes the amortization of intangible assets and capitalized interest and other items not allocated to the operating segments.

Operating Data by Segment ($000's omitted)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2022 vs.

Three Months Ended

2023 2023 vs.

7 unchanged sentences

6,394 6 % 6,039

Average selling price:

Average selling price (a) :

Northeast $ 654 6 % $ 620

21 unchanged sentences

$ 3,789,993 (20) % $ 4,731,272

(a) All periods reflect the reclassification of closing cost incentives to homes sale revenues from home sale cost of revenues ( Note 1 ).

Operating Data by Segment ($000's omitted)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

Three Months Ended

2023 2023 vs.

6 unchanged sentences

West 25 % 11 %

24 % 10 % 15 % 8 %

Unit backlog:

16 unchanged sentences

($000’s omitted)

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2021 2022 2021

Three Months Ended

Land-related charges (a) :

4 unchanged sentences

Texas 115 239

West 5,462 602 6,189 667

Other homebuilding — — — —

$ 5,683 $ 3,510

(a) Land-related charges include land inventory impairments, net realizable value adjustments on land held for sale, and write-offs of deposits and pre-acquisition costs for land option contracts we elected not to pursue.

For the third quarter of 2022, Northeast home sale revenues decreased by 7% when compared with the prior year period due to a 20% decrease in closings partially offset by a 16% increase in average selling price.

The decrease in closings and increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes decreased 1% primarily due to the decrease in closings partially offset by increased average selling price and higher gross margins across the majority of markets.

Net new orders decreased across all markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Northeast home sale revenues decreased by 10% when compared with the prior year period due to a 20% decrease in closings partially offset by a 13% increase in average selling price.

The decrease in closings was primarily due to the timing of projects in our Mid-Atlantic operations, while the increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes increased 6% primarily due to higher gross margins across the majority of markets.

Net new orders decreased across all markets.

For the third quarter of 2022, Southeast home sale revenues increased 22% when compared with the prior year period due to a 21% increase in average selling price combined with a 1% increase in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets while the increase in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 66% primarily due to increased revenues, as well as improved gross margins across all markets.

The decrease in net new orders was mixed among markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Southeast home sale revenues increased 19% when compared with the prior year period due to a 23% increase in average selling price partially offset by a 3% decrease in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets while the decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 68% primarily due to increased revenues, as well as improved gross margins across all markets.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the third quarter of 2022, Florida home sale revenues increased 32% when compared with the prior year period due to a 21% increase in average selling price combined with an 8% increase in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets, while the increase in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 65% primarily due to increased revenues, as well as improved gross margins across all markets.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Florida home sale revenues increased 27% when compared with the prior year period due to a 5% increase in closings combined with a 21% increase in the average selling price.

The increase in closings occurred across the majority of markets while the increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes increased 64% primarily due to increased revenues, as well as improved gross margins across all markets.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the third quarter of 2022, Midwest home sale revenues increased 12% when compared with the prior year period due to a 13% increase in average selling price partially offset by a 2% decrease in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets, while the decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 9% primarily due to higher revenues and gross margins across the majority of markets.

For the first quarter of 2023, Northeast home sale revenues increased by 36% when compared with the prior year period due to a 29% increase in closings combined with a 6% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings and the increase in average selling price occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 71%, primarily due to increased revenues.

Net new orders decreased across all markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Midwest home sale revenues increased 18% when compared with the prior year period due to a 6% increase in closings combined with an 11% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings occurred across the majority of markets while the increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes increased 17% primarily due to higher revenues and gross margins across the majority of markets.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the third quarter of 2022, Texas home sale revenues increased 42% when compared with the prior year period due to a 27% increase in average selling price combined with a 12% increase in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets while the increase in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 88% primarily due to higher revenues and gross margins across the majority of markets.

For the first quarter of 2023, Southeast home sale revenues increased 20% when compared with the prior year period due to a 14% increase in closings combined with a 6% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings and average selling price occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 15%, primarily due to the higher revenues.

Net new orders increased across the majority of markets.

For the first quarter of 2023, Florida home sale revenues increased 44% when compared with the prior year period due to a 22% increase in closings combined with an 18% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings and average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes increased 68%, primarily due to increased revenues across all markets.

The increase in net new orders was concentrated in Orlando as the result of new community openings.

For the first quarter of 2023, Midwest home sale revenues decreased 12% when compared with the prior year period due to a 20% decrease in closings partially offset by a 10% increase in average selling price.

The decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets while the increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes decreased 9%, primarily due to the lower revenues.

Net new orders decreased as the result of challenged demand conditions.

For the first quarter of 2023, Texas home sale revenues increased 11% when compared with the prior year period due to an 8% increase in closings combined with a 3% increase in average selling price.

The increase in closings and average selling price occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes decreased 4%, primarily due to decreased gross margins across all markets.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Texas home sale revenues increased 27% when compared with the prior year period due to a 24% increase in average selling price combined with a 3% increase in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets while the increase in closings was mixed among markets.

Income before income taxes increased 59% primarily due to higher revenues and gross margins across the majority of markets.

For the first quarter of 2023, West home sale revenues decreased 4% when compared with the prior year period due to an 8% decrease in closings partially offset by a 5% increase in average selling price.

The decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets, while the increase in average selling price occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes decreased 25%, primarily due to decreased revenues and gross margins.

Net new orders decreased across the majority of markets.

For the third quarter of 2022, West home sale revenues decreased 6% when compared with the prior year period due to an 11% decrease in closings partially offset by a 5% increase in average selling price.

The decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets, while the increase in average selling price occurred across all markets.

Income before income taxes decreased 14% primarily due to decreased revenues and gross margins, which was mixed among markets.

The prior year period also included gains of $12.9 million related to a land sale transaction in California.

Net new orders decreased across all markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, West home sale revenues increased 9% when compared with the prior year period due to a 14% increase in average selling price partially offset by a 4% decrease in closings.

The increase in average selling price occurred across all markets while the decrease in closings occurred across the majority of markets.

Income before income taxes increased 16% primarily due to increased revenues and gross margins across the majority of markets.

The prior year period also included gains of $12.9 million related to a land sale transaction in California.

Net new orders decreased across all markets.

Financial Services Operations

7 unchanged sentences

The following tables present selected financial information for our Financial Services operations ($000's omitted):

Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended

September 30, September 30,

2022 2022 vs.

Three Months Ended

2023 2023 vs.

4 unchanged sentences

Expenses (44,036) 1 % (43,486)

Other income (expense), net 128 (a) (8) 1,209 (a) 731

Other income (expense), net — (a) (64)

Income before income taxes $ 13,902 (66) % $ 40,593

3 unchanged sentences

(a) Percentage not meaningful.

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Three Months Ended

Supplemental data:

7 unchanged sentences

Total funded originations 100 % 100 %

The demand for refinancing within the mortgage industry waned in 2021 and into 2022 as mortgage interest rates began to rise, which led to an increase in competition among lenders and lower margins per loan.

As a result, total Financial Services revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 21% and 17%, respectively, compared with the

same periods in 2021.

The decreases occurred as the result of a decrease in the number of loans originated due to the lower capture rate combined with lower revenue per loan resulting from the competitive lending environment.

The demand for refinancing within the mortgage industry waned in 2022 and has remained low in 2023 as mortgage interest rates began to sharply rise and remained high, which led to an increase in competition among lenders and lower margins per loan.

As a result, total Financial Services revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 31% compared with the same period in 2022.

These factors were partially offset by a higher average loan amount as the result of the higher average selling price within Homebuilding.

Income before income taxes

Income before income taxes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 43% and 35% compared to the same periods in 2021, respectively, primarily due to a lower capture rate and revenue per loan due to increased competitiveness in the mortgage industry in 2022.

Our effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 22.6% and 23.8%, respectively, compared to 23.3% and 22.4%, respectively, for the same periods in 2021.

The 2022 effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was lower than the same period in 2021 due to the retroactive extension of the federal energy efficient home credits in the current year period.

The 2022 effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was higher than the same period in 2021 due to a reduction in valuation allowances relating to projected utilization of certain state net operating loss carryforwards in 2021.

Income before income taxes in the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 66% compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a lower capture rate and revenue per loan due to increased competitiveness in the mortgage industry in 2023, including an industry-wide increase in mortgage incentives.

Our effective income tax rate was 24.2% for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our effective tax rate for each of these periods differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income tax expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

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We routinely monitor current and expected operational requirements and financial market conditions to evaluate accessing available financing sources, including revolving bank credit and securities offerings.

At September 30, 2022, we had unrestricted cash and equivalents of $231.3 million, restricted cash balances of $60.1 million, and $590.3 million available under our Revolving Credit Facility.

We follow a diversified investment approach for our cash and equivalents by maintaining such funds with a broad portfolio of banks within our group of relationship banks in high quality, highly liquid, short-term deposits and investments.

Our ratio of debt-to-total capitalization, excluding our Financial Services debt, was 22.5% at September 30, 2022, as compared with 21.3% at December 31, 2021.

At March 31, 2023, we had unrestricted cash and equivalents of $1.3 billion, restricted cash balances of $48.8 million, and $961.2 million available under our Revolving Credit Facility.

Our ratio of debt-to-total capitalization, excluding our Financial Services debt, was 18.1% at March 31, 2023, compared with 18.7% at December 31, 2022.

In response to recent volatility in the banking system, we have shifted a larger percentage of our cash and equivalents to money market funds to reduce the balances held in bank accounts.

For the next twelve months, we expect our principal demand for funds will be for the acquisition and development of land inventory, construction of house inventory, and operating expenses, including our general and administrative expenses.

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While we intend to refinance the Repurchase Agreement prior to its maturity, there can be no assurances that the Repurchase Agreement can be renewed or replaced on commercially reasonable terms upon its expiration.

However, we believe we have adequate liquidity to meet Pulte Mortgage's anticipated financing needs.

However, we believe we have adequate

liquidity to meet Pulte Mortgage's anticipated financing needs.

Beyond the next twelve months, we will need to repay or refinance our Revolving Credit Facility, which matures in June 2027, and our unsecured senior notes, the next tranche of which becomes due in 2026.

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Unsecured senior notes

We had $2.0 billion of unsecured senior notes outstanding at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 with no repayments due until March 2026, when $500.0 million of unsecured senior notes are scheduled to mature.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we retired $426.0 million of senior notes at their scheduled maturity date and also accelerated the retirement of $200.0 million and $100.0 million of our unsecured notes scheduled to mature in 2026 and 2027, respectively, through a cash tender offer.

The retirement resulted in a loss of $61.5 million, which includes the write-off of debt issuance costs, unamortized discounts and premiums, and transaction fees.

We had $2.0 billion of unsecured senior notes outstanding at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 with no repayments due until March 2026, when $500.0 million of unsecured senior notes are scheduled to mature.

Other notes payable

Other notes payable include non-recourse and limited recourse secured notes with third parties that totaled $55.2 million and $40.2 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

These notes have maturities ranging up to five years, are secured by the applicable land positions to which they relate, and generally have no recourse to other assets.

Other notes payable include non-recourse and limited recourse secured notes with third parties that totaled $51.0 million and $55.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

These notes have maturities ranging up to four years, are secured by the applicable land positions to which they relate, and generally have no recourse to other assets.

The stated interest rates on these notes range up to 6%.

Revolving credit facility

In June 2022, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which replaced our previous credit agreement.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains substantially similar terms to the previous credit agreement, increased our borrowing capacity, and extended the maturity date from June 2023 to June 2027.

The Revolving Credit Facility has a maximum borrowing capacity of $1.3 billion and contains an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the capacity to $1.8 billion, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments.

We maintain a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") maturing in June 2027 that has a maximum borrowing capacity of $1.3 billion and contains an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the capacity to $1.8 billion, subject to certain conditions and availability of additional bank commitments.

The Revolving Credit Facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit that reduce the available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility, up to the maximum borrowing capacity.

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The Revolving Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum Tangible Net Worth and a maximum Debt-to-Capitalization Ratio (as each term is defined in the Revolving Credit Facility).

As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants.

At September 30, 2022, we had $319.0 million borrowings outstanding, $340.7 million of letters of credit issued, and $590.3 million of remaining capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility.

As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants.

Outstanding balances under the Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

At March 31, 2023, we had no borrowings outstanding, $288.8 million of letters of credit issued, and $961.2 million of remaining capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility.

At December 31, 2022, we had no borrowings outstanding, $303.4 million of letters of credit issued, and $946.6 million of remaining capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Joint venture debt

At September 30, 2022, aggregate outstanding debt of unconsolidated joint ventures was $70.7 million of which $42.0 million was related to one joint venture in which we have a 50% interest.

At March 31, 2023, aggregate outstanding debt of unconsolidated joint ventures was $80.6 million of which $42.0 million was related to one joint venture in which we have a 50% interest.

In connection with this loan, we and our joint venture partner provided customary limited recourse guaranties in which our maximum financial loss exposure is limited to our pro rata share of the debt outstanding.

Financial Services debt

Pulte Mortgage maintains the Repurchase Agreement, which matures on July 27, 2023.

The maximum aggregate commitment was $655.0 million at September 30, 2022, which will increase to $800.0 million during the seasonally high borrowing period from December 27, 2022 to January 12, 2023.

Thereafter, the maximum aggregate commitment ranges from $360.0 million to $500.0 million.

Pulte Mortgage maintains the Repurchase Agreement with third-party lenders that matures on July 27, 2023.

The maximum aggregate commitment was $360.0 million at March 31, 2023 and will increase to $500.0 million on June 26, 2023 through maturity.

Borrowings under the Repurchase Agreement are secured by residential mortgage loans available-for-sale.

The Repurchase Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants applicable to Pulte Mortgage, including quantitative thresholds related to net worth, net income, and liquidity.

Pulte Mortgage had $338.2 million and $626.1 million outstanding under the Repurchase Agreement at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was in compliance with all of its covenants and requirements as of such dates.

At March 31, 2023, Pulte Mortgage had $324.4 million outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 6.18% and $35.6 million of remaining capacity under the Repurchase Agreement.

At December 31, 2022, Pulte Mortgage had $586.7 million outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 5.39% and $213.3 million of remaining capacity under the Repurchase Agreement.

Pulte Mortgage was in compliance with all of its covenants and requirements as of such dates.

While there can be no assurances that the Repurchase Agreement can be renewed or replaced on commercially reasonable terms upon its expiration on July 27, 2023, we believe we have adequate liquidity to meet Pulte Mortgage's anticipated financing needs.

Dividends and share repurchase program

In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we declared cash dividends totaling $106.7 million and repurchased 21.8 million shares under our repurchase authorization for $974.7 million.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we declared cash dividends totaling $110.3 million and repurchased 12.0 million shares under our repurchase authorization for $614.3 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, we declared cash dividends totaling $36.1 million and repurchased 2.8 million shares under our repurchase authorization for $150.0 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, we declared cash dividends totaling $36.5 million and repurchased 10.3 million shares under our repurchase authorization for $500.0 million.

On January 31, 2022, the Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase authorization of $1.0 billion.

At September 30, 2022, we had remaining authorization to repurchase $482.9 million of common shares.

At March 31, 2023, we had remaining authorization to repurchase $232.9 million of common shares.

This repurchase authorization was increased by $1.0 billion on April 24, 2023.

Contractual Obligations

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These obligations impact our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs.

Certain contractual obligations are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022, while others are considered future commitments.

Certain contractual obligations are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023, while others are considered future commitments.

Our contractual obligations primarily consist of long-term debt and related interest payments, purchase obligations related to expected acquisitions and development of land, operating leases, and obligations under our various compensation and benefit plans.

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If the obligations related to a project are ongoing, annual extensions of the letters of credit are typically granted on a year-to-year basis.

At September 30, 2022, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $340.7 million.

At March 31, 2023, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $288.8 million.

Our surety bonds generally do not have stated expiration dates;

rather, we are released from the bonds as the contractual performance is completed.

These bonds, which approximated $2.2 billion at September 30, 2022, are typically outstanding over a period of approximately three to five years.

These bonds, which approximated $2.1 billion at March 31, 2023, are typically outstanding over a period of approximately three to five years.

Because significant construction and development work has been performed related to projects that have not yet received final acceptance by the respective counterparties, the aggregate amount of surety bonds outstanding is in excess of the projected cost of the remaining work to be performed.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land option agreements in order to procure land for the construction of houses in the future.

At September 30, 2022, these agreements had an aggregate remaining purchase price of $6.0 billion.

At March 31, 2023, these agreements had an aggregate remaining purchase price of $5.5 billion.

Pursuant to these land option agreements, we generally provide a deposit to the seller as consideration for the right to purchase land at different times in the future, usually at predetermined prices.

At September 30, 2022, outstanding deposits totaled $273.1 million, of which $17.2 million is refundable.

For further information regarding our primary obligations, refer to Note 4 and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on 10-Q for amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2022 related to debt and commitments and contingencies, respectively.

At March 31, 2023, outstanding deposits totaled $485.7 million, of which $14.4 million is refundable.

For further information regarding our primary obligations, refer to Note 4 and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on 10-Q for amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2023 related to debt and commitments and contingencies, respectively.

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $303.9 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $711.4 million.

Generally, the primary drivers of our cash flow from operations are profitability and changes in the levels of inventory and residential mortgage loans available-for-sale, each of which experiences seasonal fluctuations.

The cash outflows from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily due to net income of $1.7 billion along with a seasonal $507.9 million decrease in residential mortgage loans available for sale, offset by a net increase in inventories of $2.7 billion, which was primarily attributable to higher house inventory in production resulting from a large order backlog, more unsold units, and extended production cycle times combined with investment in land inventory.

Net cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $548.2 million.

The positive cash flow from operations in nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to our net income of $1.3 billion, which included various non-cash items including a loss on debt retirement of $61.5 million, partially offset by a net increase in inventories of $1.1 billion, which was primarily attributable to higher house inventory in production resulting from higher sales activity and extended production cycle times combined with higher investment in land inventory to support future growth.

The cash inflows from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were primarily due to net income of $532.3 million along with a seasonal $256.4 million decrease in residential mortgage loans available for sale, offset by a net increase in inventories of $85.4 million, which was primarily attributable to extended house production cycle times combined with investment in land inventory.

Net cash provided by operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $207.7 million.

The positive cash flow from operations in three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to our net income of $454.7 million along with a seasonal $436.9 million decrease in residential mortgage loans available for sale, partially offset by a net increase in inventories of $814.8 million, which was primarily attributable to higher house inventory in production resulting from the higher order backlog combined with investment in land inventory to support future growth.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $154.7 million.

These cash outflows primarily reflected a $10.4 million deferred payment related to the 2020 acquisition of Innovative Construction Group ("ICG"), $58.2 million of investments in unconsolidated entities, and capital expenditures of $88.6 million related to our ongoing investments in new communities, facilities, and information technology applications.

Net cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $86.5 million.

These cash outflows in 2021 primarily reflected a $10.4 million deferred payment related to ICG, $35.8 million of investments in unconsolidated entities, and capital expenditures of $52.1 million related to our ongoing investments in new communities and information technology applications.

These outflows were partially offset by distributions from unconsolidated entities of $11.5 million.

Net cash used in investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $24.2 million.

These cash outflows primarily related to capital expenditures of $23.7 million related to our ongoing investments in new communities, facilities, and information technology applications.

Net cash used in investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $48.0 million.

These cash outflows in 2022 primarily related to a $10.4 million deferred payment related to the 2020 acquisition of Innovative Construction Group as well as capital expenditures of $30.7 million related to our ongoing investments in new communities and information technology applications.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $1.1 billion.

Net cash used in financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $454.9 million.

These cash outflows resulted primarily from the repurchase of 2.8 million common shares for $150.0 million under our share repurchase authorization, payments of $36.4 million in cash dividends, and net repayments of $262.3 million under the Repurchase Agreement related to a seasonal reduction in residential mortgage loans available-for-sale.

These cash outflows were partially offset by net borrowings of $319.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Net cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $1.5 billion.

These cash outflowsresulted primarily from the repurchase of 12.0 million common shares for $614.3 million under our share repurchase authorization, repayments of debt totaling $797.4 million, and payments of $111.7 million in cash dividends.

These cash outflows were partially offset by net borrowings of $64.7 million under the Repurchase Agreement.

Net cash used in financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $781.4 million.

These cash outflows resulted primarily from the repurchase of 10.3 million common shares for $500.0 million under our share repurchase authorization, payments of $37.8 million in cash dividends, and net repayments of of $230.0 million under the Repurchase Agreement related to a seasonal reduction in residential mortgage loans available-for-sale.

Although significant changes in market conditions have impacted our seasonal patterns in the past and could do so again, we historically experience variability in our quarterly results from operations due to the seasonal nature of the homebuilding industry.

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As a result of the seasonality of our operations, our quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Additionally, given the disruption in economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain challenges, increase in mortgage interest rates, and other macroeconomic factors, our quarterly results for 2022 and 2021 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved in the future.

Additionally, given the disruption in economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain challenges, changes in mortgage interest rates, and other macroeconomic factors, our quarterly results for 2023 and 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved in the future.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

As of September 30, 2022, PulteGroup, Inc.

had outstanding $2.0 billion principal amount of unsecured senior notes due at dates from March 2026 through February 2035 and $319.0 million amounts outstanding on its Revolving Credit Facility.

As of March 31, 2023, PulteGroup, Inc.

had outstanding $2.0 billion principal amount of unsecured senior notes due at dates from March 2026 through February 2035 and no amounts outstanding on its Revolving Credit Facility.

All of our unsecured senior notes and the Revolving Credit Facility are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by certain subsidiaries of PulteGroup, Inc.

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(a) incurred the guarantee with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors;

(b) received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for incurring the guarantee and, in the case of any one of the following is also true at the time thereof:

(b) received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for incurring the guarantee and, in the case of any one of the following being true at the time thereof:

• such Guarantor was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of the issuance of the incurrence of the guarantee;

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However, in general, a court would deem a company insolvent if:

• the sum of its debts, including contingent and unliquidated liabilities, was greater than the fair salable value of all of its assets;

• the present fair salable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature;

• the sum of its debts, including contingent and unliquidated liabilities, was greater than the fair saleable value of all of its assets;

• the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature;

• it could not pay its debts as they became due.

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If a court were to find that the incurrence of a guarantee was a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, the court could void the payment obligations under that guarantee, could subordinate that guarantee to presently existing and future indebtedness of the Guarantor or could require the holders of the senior notes to repay any amounts received with respect to that guarantee.

In the event of a finding that a fraudulent transfer or conveyance occurred, you may not receive any repayment on the senior notes.

In the event of a finding that a fraudulent transfer or conveyance occurred, holders may not receive any repayment on the senior notes.

Finally, as a court of equity, a bankruptcy court may subordinate the claims in respect of the guarantees to other claims against us under the principle of equitable subordination if the court determines that (1) the holder of senior notes engaged in some type of inequitable conduct, (2) the inequitable conduct resulted in injury to our other creditors or conferred an unfair advantage upon the holders of senior notes and (3) equitable subordination is not inconsistent with the provisions of the bankruptcy code.

On the basis of historical financial information, operating history and other factors, we believe that each of the Guarantors, after giving effect to the issuance of the guarantees when such guarantees were issued, was not insolvent, did not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it engaged and did not and has not incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature.

There can be no assurance, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

The following tables present summarized financial information for PulteGroup, Inc.

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Summarized Balance Sheet Data

ASSETS September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021

ASSETS March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $1,161,828 $786,073

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Total liabilities 5,021,345 5,049,079

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Three Months Ended

Summarized Statement of Operations Data 2023 2022

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Critical Accounting Estimates

While there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared with those contained in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, the following provides updated disclosure regarding our inventory estimates:

Generally, a community must have projected gross margin percentages in the single digits in order to potentially fail the undiscounted cash flow step and proceed to the fair value step.

Our overall gross margin realized in the three months ended September 30, 2022 exceeded 30%, and we have only a small minority of communities with gross margins below 10%.

However, in the event of an extended economic slowdown or other factors that lead to moderate or significant decreases in the price of new homes in certain geographic or buyer submarkets, we could have a larger number of communities that begin to approach these levels such that more detailed impairment analyses would be necessary, and the resulting impairments could be material.

Additionally, we have $449.5 million of deposits and pre-acquisition costs at September 30, 2022 related to option agreements to acquire additional land.

In the event of an extended economic slowdown or moderate to significant decreases in new home prices, we could elect to cancel a large portion of such land option agreements, which would generally result in the write-off of the related deposits and pre-acquisition costs.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with those contained in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis