PRO DEX INC 10-Q

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. COMPANY OVERVIEW The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of Pro-Dex, Inc. (“Company,” “Pro-Dex,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) for the three-month and six-month periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This report contains certain forward-looking statements and information. The cautionary statements included herein should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they may appear. Our actual future results could differ materially from those discussed herein. Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this report, including, but not limited to, discussions of our product development plans, business strategies, strategic opportunities, and market factors influencing our results, are forward-looking statements that involve certain risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those anticipated by us as a result of various factors, both foreseen and unforeseen, including, but not limited to, our ability to continue to develop new products and increase sales in markets characterized by rapid technological evolution, our ability to optimize our operations at our Franklin facility, consolidation within our target marketplace and among our competitors, employee turnover, competition from larger, better capitalized competitors, and our ability to realize returns on opportunities. Many other economic, competitive, governmental, and technological factors could impact our ability to achieve our goals. You are urged to review the risks, uncertainties, and other cautionary language described in this report, as well as in our other public disclosures and reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) from time to time, including, but not limited to, the risks, uncertainties, and other cautionary language discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. We specialize in the design, development, and manufacture of autoclavable, battery-powered, and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers used primarily in the orthopedic, thoracic, and maxocranial facial (“CMF”) markets. We have patented adaptive torque-limiting software and proprietary sealing solutions that appeal to our customers, primarily medical device distributors. Additionally, we provide engineering, quality, and regulatory consulting services to our customers. We also manufacture and sell rotary air motors to a wide range of industries; however, these motors compromise a de minimis portion of our business. Our principal headquarters are located at 2361 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, California 92614 and our phone number is (949) 769-3200. Our Internet address is www.pro-dex.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports, and other SEC filings are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, our Code of Ethics and other corporate governance documents may be found on our website at the Internet address set forth above. Our filings with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov and company specific information at www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html. Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated results of operations presented in this report are not audited and are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entirety of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2026, or any other interim period during such fiscal year. Our fiscal year ends on June 30 and our fiscal quarters end on September 30, December 31, and March 31. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to our fiscal year and those fiscal quarters. 19 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could materially change the financial statements. Management believes that there have been no significant changes during the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Business Strategy and Future Plans Our business today is almost entirely driven by sales of our medical devices. Many of our significant customers place purchase orders for specific products that were developed under various development and/or supply agreements. Our customers may request that we design and manufacture a custom surgical device or they may hire us as a contract manufacturer to manufacture a product of their own design. In either case, we have extensive experience with autoclavable, battery-powered, and electric, multi-function surgical drivers and shavers. We continue to focus a significant percentage of our time and resources on providing outstanding products and service to our valued principal customers. During the second quarter of fiscal 2026, our largest customer executed an amendment to our existing supply agreement such that we shall continue to supply their surgical handpieces to them through calendar 2028. We are actively pursuing the acquisition of one of our significant suppliers to help meet the increased demand as a result of this contract extension. We are also working to build top-line sales through active proposals of new medical device products with new and existing customers. Our patented adaptive torque-limiting software has been very well received in the CMF and thoracic markets. Additionally, our latest Pro-Dex branded product, the Helios driver for CMF applications, featuring our adaptive torque-limiting software, is expected to be released for production later this fiscal year. While we have had interest in this product, there is no guarantee that our existing customers or new customers will purchase this new driver. In November 2020, we purchased an approximate 25,000 square foot industrial building in Tustin, California (the “Franklin Property”). This building is located approximately four miles from our Irvine, California headquarters and was acquired to provide us additional capacity for our expected continued future growth, including anticipated expanded capacity for the manufacture of batteries and new products. We began operations in the new facility during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 and believe that the additional capacity will allow for our continued expected growth. Our current objectives are focused primarily on maintaining our relationships with our current medical device customers, investing in research and development activities to design unique medical devices as well as Pro-Dex branded drivers to leverage our torque-limiting software, expanding our manufacturing capacity through the continuation of operations at the Franklin Property, and promoting active product development proposals to new and existing customers for both orthopedic shavers and screw drivers for a multitude of surgical applications, while monitoring closely the progress of all these individual endeavors. While we expect revenue growth in the future, it may not be a consistent trajectory but rather periods of incremental growth that current expenditures are helping to create. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in any of these objectives. 20 Description of Business Operations Revenue The majority of our revenue is derived from designing, developing, and manufacturing surgical devices for the medical device industry. The proportion of total sales by type is as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Three Months Ended December 31, Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 % of Revenue % of Revenue % of Revenue % of Revenue Net sales: Medical device products $ 15,172 81 % $ 12,232 73 % $ 29,554 79 % $ 22,144 70 % Industrial and scientific 191 1 % 167 1 % 363 1 % 311 1 % NRE & Prototype 149 1 % 41 — 625 2 % 89 — Repairs 3,147 17 % 4,862 29 % 6,977 19 % 9,998 32 % Discounts and other 4 — (509 ) (3 %) (325 ) (1 %) (856 ) (3 %) $ 18,663 100 % $ 16,793 100 % $ 37,194 100 % $ 31,686 100 % Certain of our medical device products utilize proprietary designs developed by us under exclusive development and/or supply agreements. All of our medical device products utilize proprietary manufacturing methods and know-how, are manufactured or machined in our Irvine, California facility, and are assembled in our Tustin, California facility ( as are our industrial products). Details of our medical device sales by type is as follows (in thousands, except percentages): Three Months Ended December 31, Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 % of Total % of Total % of Total % of Total Medical device sales: Orthopedic $ 11,884 78 % $ 9,330 76 % $ 22,938 78 % $ 16,024 72 % CMF 3,105 21 % 1,839 15 % 5,933 20 % 4,041 18 % Thoracic 183 1 % 1,063 9 % 683 2 % 2,079 10 % Total $ 15,172 100 % $ 12,232 100 % $ 29,554 100 % $ 22,144 100 % Sales of our medical device products increased $2.9 million, or 24%, for the three months ended December 31, 2025, and increased $7.4 million, or 33%, for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. Our orthopedic sales increased $2.6 million, or 27%, and $6.9 million, or 43%, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year, due primarily to the launch of our largest customer’s next generation handpiece. We expect to see similar increases in orthopedic sales for at least the remainder of this fiscal year. Recurring revenue from CMF drivers increased $1.3 million, or 69%, and $1.9 or 47%, respectively for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. Our thoracic sales decreased $880,000, or 83% and $1.4 million or 67%, respectively for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. While we do not have much visibility into our customers’ distribution networks, this level of change in thoracic and CMF sales (whether an increase or decrease) is not uncommon and fluctuations occur based upon our customers’ required inventory levels. Sales of our compact pneumatic air motors, reported as “Industrial and scientific” sales above, increased $24,000, or 14%, and $52,000, or 17%, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. These are legacy products with no substantive marketing efforts and, as such, expect to see continued minimal revenue from these products in the future. Our non-recurring (“NRE”) and proto-type revenue increased $108,000, or 263%, and $536,000, or 602%, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year, due to an increase in billable contracts for various NRE projects undertaken for our customers. 21 Repair revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 35%, and $3.0 million, or 30%, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year, due to fewer repairs of the legacy orthopedic handpiece we sell to our largest customer. While we do not have much visibility into our largest customer’s distribution networks, they may be reducing repairs of legacy handpieces in favor of replacing them with the next generation handpiece, in which case we may continue to experience future declines in repair revenue. At December 31, 2025, we had a backlog of approximately $37.4 million, of which $32.5 million is scheduled to be delivered in fiscal 2026 and the balance is scheduled to be delivered the following fiscal year. Our backlog represents firm purchase orders received and acknowledged from our customers and does not include all revenue expected to be generated from existing customer contracts. We may experience variability in our new order bookings due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, the timing of major new product launches and customer planned inventory builds. However, we do not typically experience seasonal fluctuations in our shipments and revenues. Cost of Sales and Gross Margin (in thousands except percentages) Three Months Ended December 31, Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024 % of Total % of Total % of Total % of Total Cost of sales: Product cost $ 11,810 91 % $ 10,680 91 % $ 24,218 93 % $ 19,802 92 % Under(over)-absorption of manufacturing costs 876 7 % 1,008 9 % 1,495 6 % 1,559 7 % Inventory and warranty charges 234 2 % 33 — 370 1 % 103 1 % Total cost of sales $ 12,920 100 % $ 11,721 100 % $ 26,083 100 % $ 21,464 100 % Three Months Ended December 31, Six Months Ended December 31, Year over Year ppt Change 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Six Months Gross margin 31 % 30 % 30 % 32 % 1 (2 ) Cost of sales for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, increased $1.2 million, or 10%, and $4.6 million, or 21%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. The increase in cost of sales is consistent with the 11% and 17% increase in revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. Additionally, under-absorption for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, decreased $132,000 and $64,000, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. Inventory and warranty charges for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, increased $201,000, or 609%, and $267,000 or 259%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year, primarily due to an increase in inventory reserves . Gross profit increased by $671,000, or 13%, and $889,000, or 9%, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. Gross margin as a percentage of sales for the three months ended December 31, 2025, increased 1 percentage point, and for the six months ended December 31, 2025, decreased 2 percentage points, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. 22 Operating Expenses Operating Costs and Expenses (in thousands except % change) Three Months Ended December 31, Six Months Ended December 31, Year over Year % Change 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Six Months % of Net Sales % of Net Sales % of Net Sales % of Net Sales Operating expenses: Selling expenses $ 39 — $ 49 — $ 112 — $ 98 — (20 %) 14 % General and administrative expenses 1,711 9 % 1,389 8 % 3,129 9 % 2,635 8 % 23 % 19 % Research and development costs 734 4 % 942 6 % 1,502 4 % 1,784 6 % (22 %) (16 %) $ 2,484 13 % $ 2,380 14 % $ 4,743 13 % $ 4,517 14 % 4 % 5 % Selling expenses consist of salaries and other personnel-related expenses for our business development department, as well as advertising and marketing expenses, and travel and related costs incurred in generating and maintaining our customer relationships. Selling expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2025 decreased $10,000 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2025. Selling expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2025 increased $14,000 compared to the corresponding periods of fiscal 2025. General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) consists of salaries and other personnel-related expenses of our accounting, finance, facilities, and human resource personnel, as well as costs for outsourced information technology services, professional fees, directors’ fees, and other costs and expenses attributable to being a public company. G&A expenses increased $322,000 and $494,000, respectively, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, when compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. The increases relates primarily to a $225,000 bonus earned and paid to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in the second quarter of fiscal 2026 as well as an overall increase in personnel costs and consulting fees related to the potential acquisition of one of our significant suppliers that we are currently pursuing. Research and development costs generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, and other personnel- related costs of our engineering and support personnel, as well as allocated facility and information technology costs, professional and consulting fees, patent-related fees, lab costs, materials, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our products. Research and development costs for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, decreased $208,000 and $282,000, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior fiscal year. The decrease for the three months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the comparable period of the prior year is primarily related to an increase in billable project expenses of $64,000, a decrease in internal project expenses of $55,000, as well as decreases in recruiting fees of $13,000 and legal fees related to our intellectual property of $51,000. The decrease for the six months ended December 31, 2025, compared to the comparable period of the prior year is primarily related to a decrease in recruiting fees of $78,000, a decrease in internal project costs of $117,000, an increase in billable project expenses of $65,000 and a decrease in legal fees related to our intellectual property of $70,000. When our engineers are engaged in billable projects as opposed to internal projects, costs get shifted to cost of sales instead of research and development. While we are currently in development on two internal projects, project expenses for the periods presented in this report are not material. The majority of our research and development costs relate to sustaining activities related to products we currently manufacture and sell. As we introduce new products into the market, we expect to see an increase in sustaining and other engineering expenses. Typical examples of sustaining engineering activities include, but are not limited to, end-of-life component replacement, especially in electronic components found in our printed circuit board assemblies, analysis of customer complaint data to improve process and design, replacement and enhancement of tooling and fixtures used in the machine shop, assembly operations, and inspection areas to improve efficiency and through-put. 23 Other Income (Expense), net Interest and Other Income Interest income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 includes interest and dividends from our money market accounts and investment portfolio. Gain (Loss) on Investments During the second quarter of fiscal 2026 Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc. acquired Monogram Technologies, Inc. (“Monogram”) and we received $4.04 in cash for each of the 2,212,378 common shares that we owned of Monogram prior to the close of the acquisition. Accordingly, we realized a gain in the amount of $6.8 million related to this investment described more fully in Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report. During the three months ended December 31, 2025, we also reversed the previously recorded unrealized gain related to Monogram in the amount of $6.8 million, which fully offset the realized gain. In addition, we have also recorded unrealized gains and losses on our investment portfolio for the three and six months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. All of our investments are recorded at estimated fair value as of December 31, 2025, and relate to common stock of publicly traded companies whose stock price is subject to significant volatility. Interest Expense Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense related to our UMB Bank (“UMB”) loans described more fully in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report. Income Tax Expense The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 was 25% and 21%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 is 25% and 24%, respectively. The effective tax rate is slightly higher in fiscal 2026 than the prior year due to a windfall related to vesting of performance awards in fiscal 2025 that did not recur during the current fiscal year. Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2025 increased $7.5 million to $8.0 million as compared to $419,000 at June 30, 2025. The following table includes a summary of our condensed statements of cash flows contained elsewhere in this report. As of and For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2025 2024 (in thousands) Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 5,882 $ (2,263 ) Investing activities $ 8,770 $ (973 ) Financing activities $ (7,118 ) $ 671 Cash and Working Capital: Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,953 $ 66 Working Capital $ 36,985 $ 27,161 24 Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $5.9 million for the six months ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to our net income of $6.9 million plus non-cash depreciation and share-based compensation of $625,000 and $325,000, respectively, less the net gains on marketable equity investments of $3.0 million. Additionally, income taxes payable increased by $1.8 million and inventory decreased by $503,000. Offsetting these cash inflows, our accounts receivable increased by $1.5 million consistent with increased revenue in fiscal 2026 compared to fiscal 2025. Net cash used in operating activities was $2.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024, due in part to net income of $4.5 million and non-cash depreciation and amortization of $615,000 offset by non-cash unrealized gains on marketable equity investments of $510,000. Additionally, accounts receivable, inventory and prepaid and other assets increased $4.6 million, $4.3 million, and $991,000, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2024, offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $3.0 million. As our business continues to grow, we expect to see increases in both inventory and accounts payable. Our accounts receivable is similarly expected to increase during periods of increased revenue. Investing Activities Net cash generated from investing activities was $8.8 million and relates primarily to the proceeds received from our Monogram investment, more fully described in Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $973,000 and related mostly to equipment purchases for our machine shop, assembly, and inspection. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2025, totaled $7.1 million and related primarily to the net principal payments of $4.9 million on our loans from UMB more fully described in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report, as well as repurchase of 55,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program in the amount of $2.2 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024, included net borrowings in the amount of $4.5 million primarily related to the Term Loan C described in Note 11 the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report, offset by the repurchase of $3.5 million of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, as well as $305,000 of employee payroll taxes related to shares of common stock issued to employees under previously granted performance awards and nonqualified stock options. Financing Facilities & Liquidity Requirements for the Next Twelve Months As of December 31, 2025, our working capital was $37.0 million. We currently believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents coupled with our accounts receivable balances as well as our expected cash flows from operations will provide us with sufficient funds to satisfy our cash requirements as our business is currently conducted for at least the next 12 months. We are focused on maximizing our working capital by monitoring expenses, identifying cost savings, and investing only in those development programs and products that we believe will most likely contribute to our profitability. As we execute on our current strategy, however, we may require debt and/or equity capital to fund our working capital needs and requirements for capital equipment to support our manufacturing, assembly, and inspection processes. In particular, we have experienced negative operating cash flow in the past, especially as we procure long-lead time materials to satisfy our backlog, which can be subject to extensive variability. We believe that if we need additional capital to fund our operations, we can borrow against our revolving loan with UMB which has an available balance of $11.0 million as of December 31, 2025. 25 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Not applicable.