−Removed: Market for Registrant’s
−Removed: Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
−Removed: The Trust was formed on May 6, 2014 (the
−Removed: “Date of Inception”) following an initial deposit of gold.
−Removed: The Trust’s Shares have been listed on the NYSE Arca
−Removed: under the symbol OUNZ since May 16, 2014.
−Removed: Not applicable.
−Removed: Although the Trust does not purchase Shares
−Removed: directly from its investors in connection with Delivery Applications or the redemption of Baskets, the Trust redeemed Shares as
−Removed: follows during the year ended January 31, 2020:
+Added: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
+Added: Trust was formed on May 6, 2014 (the “Date of Inception”) following an initial deposit of gold.
+Added: Shares have been listed on the NYSE Arca under the symbol OUNZ since May 16, 2014.
+Added: the Trust does not purchase Shares directly from its investors in connection with Delivery Applications or the redemption of Baskets,
+Added: the Trust redeemed Shares as follows during the year ended January 31, 2021:
Average Ounces of
4 unchanged sentences
Selected Financial Data
−Removed: The following selected financial data
−Removed: for the reporting periods should be read in conjunction with the Trust’s financial statements and related notes and “Management’s
−Removed: Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
+Added: following selected financial data for the reporting periods should be read in conjunction with the Trust’s financial statements
+Added: and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
$ 442,483,105
1 unchanged sentence
$ 154,177,917
−Removed: Ended January 31,
−Removed: Ended January 31,
−Removed: Ended January 31,
+Added: For the Year Ended
+Added: the Year Ended
+Added: the Year Ended
Net investment loss
3 unchanged sentences
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) from gold bullion per Share
−Removed: Management’s Discussion
−Removed: and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
−Removed: This information should be read together
−Removed: with the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included in this Report.
−Removed: The discussion and analysis that
−Removed: follows may contain forward-looking statements, such as those that relate to future events or future performance.
−Removed: In some cases,
−Removed: such forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,”
−Removed: “should,”
−Removed: “expect,”
−Removed: “plan,”
−Removed: “anticipate,”
−Removed: “believe,”
−Removed: “estimate,”
−Removed: “predict,”
−Removed: “potential”
−Removed: or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
−Removed: Neither the Sponsor, nor any other person assumes responsibility
−Removed: for the accuracy or completeness of forward-looking statements.
−Removed: Except as required by applicable law, neither the Trust nor the
−Removed: Sponsor is under a duty to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform such statements to actual results or to a change
−Removed: in the Sponsor’s expectations or predictions.
−Removed: The Trust is an investment trust formed
−Removed: on May 6, 2014 under New York law pursuant to the Trust Agreement.
−Removed: The Trust is not managed like a corporation or an active investment
−Removed: It does not have any officers, directors, or employees and is administered by the Trustee pursuant to the Trust Agreement.
−Removed: The Trust is not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and is not required
−Removed: to register under such act.
−Removed: It will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts, nor is it a commodity pool, or subject to
−Removed: regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with issuing shares.
−Removed: After consideration
−Removed: of Financial Accounting Standards Topic 946, however, the Sponsor has concluded the Trust meets the fundamental characteristics
−Removed: of an investment company.
−Removed: In addition, while the Trust does not currently possess all of the typical characteristics of an investment
−Removed: company, it believes its activities are consistent with those of an investment company and will therefore apply the guidance in
−Removed: Financial Accounting Standards Topic 946, including disclosure of the financial support contractually required to be provided
−Removed: by an investment company to any of its investees.
−Removed: The Sponsor is responsible for, among other things, overseeing the performance
−Removed: of the Trustee and the Trust’s principal service providers, including the preparation of financial statements.
−Removed: is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Trust.
−Removed: The Initial Purchaser contributed 1,000
−Removed: Ounces of gold in exchange for 100,000 Shares on May 6, 2014.
−Removed: At contribution, the value of the gold deposited with the Trust
−Removed: was based on the price of an Ounce of gold of $1,306.25.
−Removed: The Initial Purchaser is not affiliated with the Sponsor or the Trustee.
−Removed: The Trust’s primary objective is
−Removed: to provide investors with an opportunity to invest in gold through the Shares and be able to take delivery of physical gold in
−Removed: exchange for their Shares.
−Removed: The Trust’s secondary objective is for the Shares to reflect the performance of the price of
−Removed: gold less the expenses of the Trust’s operations.
−Removed: The Trust is not actively managed.
−Removed: The fiscal year end of the Trust is January
−Removed: Shares of the Trust trade on the NYSE
−Removed: Arca under the symbol “OUNZ.”
−Removed: Investing in the Shares does not insulate
−Removed: the investor from certain risks, including price volatility.
−Removed: The following table illustrates the movement in the NAV of the Shares
−Removed: against the corresponding gold price (per 1/100 of an oz.
−Removed: of gold) since inception:
−Removed: NAV per Share vs.
−Removed: 1/100th Gold Fix from the Date of Inception
−Removed: to January 31, 2020.
−Removed: The divergence of the NAV per Share from
−Removed: the gold price over time reflects the cumulative effect of the Trust expenses that arise if an investment had been held since
−Removed: Significant Accounting Policies
−Removed: In preparing financial statements in conformity
−Removed: with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), management makes estimates
−Removed: and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at
−Removed: the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amount of revenue and expenses reported during the period.
−Removed: results could differ from these estimates.
−Removed: The following is a summary of significant
−Removed: accounting policies followed by the Trust.
−Removed: Please refer to Note 2 to the Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report
−Removed: for further discussion of our accounting policies.
−Removed: Valuation of Gold
−Removed: Various inputs are used in determining
−Removed: the fair value of the Trust’s assets or liabilities.
−Removed: These inputs are categorized into three broad levels.
−Removed: Level 1 includes
−Removed: unadjusted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
−Removed: Level 2 includes other significant observable market
−Removed: based inputs (including prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speed, and credit risk).
−Removed: Level 3 includes unobservable
−Removed: inputs, which may include management’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments.
−Removed: The Trust does not
−Removed: hold any derivative instruments, and its assets only consist of allocated gold bullion and gold receivable;
−Removed: representing gold
−Removed: covered by contractually binding orders for the creation of shares where the gold has not yet been transferred to the Trust’s
−Removed: account and, from time to time, cash, which is used to pay expenses.
−Removed: London Gold Delivery Bars are held by
−Removed: the Custodian, on behalf of the Trust, at the London, United Kingdom vaulting premises.
−Removed: All gold is valued based on its Fine Ounce
−Removed: content, calculated by multiplying the weight of gold by its purity;
−Removed: the same methodology is applied independent of the type of
−Removed: gold held by the Trust;
−Removed: similarly, the value of up to 430 Fine Ounces of unallocated gold the Trust may hold is calculated by
−Removed: multiplying the number of Fine Ounces with the price of gold determined by the Trustee as follows.
−Removed: The Trustee determines the
−Removed: NAV of the Trust on each day that NYSE Arca is open for regular trading, as promptly as practical after 4:00 PM New York time.
−Removed: The NAV of the Trust is the aggregate value of the Trust’s assets less its estimated accrued but unpaid liabilities (which
−Removed: include accrued expenses).
−Removed: The Trustee computes the NAV per Share by dividing the net assets of the Trust by the number of the
−Removed: shares outstanding on the date the computation is made.
−Removed: In determining the Trust’s NAV,
−Removed: the Trustee values the gold held by the Trust based on the LBMA PM Gold Price.
−Removed: The Trustee also determines the NAV per Share.
−Removed: If on a day when the Trust’s NAV is being calculated the LBMA PM Gold Price for that day is not available, the Trustee will
−Removed: value the gold held by the Trust based on the LBMA AM Gold Price.
−Removed: If no fix is available for the day, the Trustee will value the
−Removed: Trust’s gold based on the most recently announced LBMA AM Gold Price or LBMA PM Gold Price.
−Removed: Prior to March 20, 2015, the
−Removed: Trustee utilized the daily fix of the price of a Fine Ounce of gold as performed by the five members of the London gold fix, which
−Removed: has now been replaced by the ICE Benchmark Administration as an independent third-party administrator.
−Removed: If the Sponsor determines that such price
−Removed: is inappropriate to use, it shall identify an alternate basis for evaluation to be employed by the Trustee.
−Removed: The Sponsor may instruct
−Removed: the Trustee to use a different publicly available price which the Sponsor determines to fairly represent the commercial value
−Removed: of the Trust’s gold.
−Removed: Beginning balance as of February 1, 2019
−Removed: $ 154,177,919
−Removed: Gold bullion contributed
−Removed: Gold bullion distributed
−Removed: Realized gain from gold distributed from in-kind
−Removed: Change in unrealized appreciation
−Removed: Ending balance as of January 31, 2020
−Removed: $ 198,479,752
−Removed: Under the Custody Agreement, the Trustee,
−Removed: the Sponsor and the Sponsor’s auditors and inspectors may visit the premises of the Custodian for the purpose of examining
−Removed: the Trust’s gold and certain related records maintained by the Custodian.
−Removed: The Sponsor exercised its right to visit
−Removed: the Custodian’s premises and inspect the Trust’s gold and related records most recently on January 16, 2020.
−Removed: On February 3, 2020, Inspectorate International
−Removed: Limited, a leading commodity inspection and testing company, confirmed that as of January 31, 2020, the Custodian’s records
−Removed: of gold held in the vault were accurate.
−Removed: The vault audit prior to this date pertaining to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2020,
−Removed: was done as of August 2, 2019.
−Removed: Shareholder Ownership
−Removed: Merk Hard Currency Fund owned a market
−Removed: value of $3,845,856 which equates to 1.94% ownership in the Trust at January 31, 2020.
−Removed: The Sponsor acts as investment advisor
−Removed: to the Merk Hard Currency Fund.
−Removed: Marketing Agent Agreement and Name
−Removed: On October 22, 2015, the Sponsor and the
−Removed: Trustee entered into a First Amendment To Depositary Trust Agreement (the “First Trust Amendment”), amending the Trust
−Removed: Agreement to effectuate a change in the name of the Trust from “Merk Gold Trust”
−Removed: to “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust,”
−Removed: effective as of October 26, 2015.
−Removed: As a result of the name change, all references to “Merk Gold Trust”
−Removed: Agreement were amended to read “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust,”
−Removed: and the shares offered by the Trust were known as the “Van
−Removed: Eck Merk Gold Shares”.
−Removed: On October 22, 2015, the Sponsor, for
−Removed: the benefit of the Trust, entered into a Marketing Agent Agreement (the “Marketing Agreement”) with Van Eck Securities
−Removed: Corporation (“VanEck”
−Removed: or “Marketing Agent”).
−Removed: Pursuant to the Marketing Agreement, VanEck now provides
−Removed: assistance in the marketing of the Shares.
−Removed: The obligations created by the Marketing Agreement are obligations of the Sponsor of
−Removed: the Trust and any fees payable under the Marketing Agreement to VanEck are payable from the Sponsor’s fee (as calculated
−Removed: and defined in the Trust Agreement).
−Removed: The Trust will not incur additional financial or other performance obligations pursuant to
−Removed: the Marketing Agreement.
−Removed: The Sponsor entered into the First Trust
−Removed: Amendment and effectuated the name change of the Trust in satisfaction of a term of the Marketing Agreement.
−Removed: The Marketing Agreement
−Removed: further grants VanEck the right to elect to replace Merk as the sponsor of the Trust under specific qualifying circumstances,
−Removed: subject to the execution and consummation of definitive agreements addressing all regulatory requirements applicable to such transaction
−Removed: and satisfaction of such requirements, and announcement and related reporting at such time.
−Removed: Specifically, VanEck has a right of
−Removed: first refusal for the purchase of the sponsorship of the Trust, and all rights attributable thereto, upon the earlier of a commitment
−Removed: for a change of control of Merk or 15 years from the date of the Marketing Agreement.
−Removed: Additionally, VanEck may elect to replace
−Removed: Merk as the sponsor of the Trust upon the earlier of the average daily net assets of the Trust during a calendar quarter not attributable
−Removed: to Shares held by Merk or its affiliates (“Third Party Assets”) equaling $500 million, or VanEck’s compensation
−Removed: under the fee provisions of the Marketing Agreement reaching in aggregate 10% of the gross proceeds from sale of the Shares (the
−Removed: “Maximum Fee”).
−Removed: Merk further agreed that if the Third
−Removed: Party Assets equal or exceed $500 million, for such period as Merk remains sponsor of the Trust, VanEck may propose the rate of
−Removed: the Sponsor’s fee to Merk, which Merk shall not unreasonably reject and shall timely adopt if reasonable, provided, VanEck
−Removed: acknowledges that only the formal named sponsor of the Trust shall have the right to set the Sponsor’s fee at any time.
−Removed: On April 28, 2016, the Sponsor and the
−Removed: Trustee entered into a Second Amendment to Depositary Trust Agreement (the “Second Trust Amendment”), amending the
−Removed: Trust Agreement to effectuate a second change in the name of the Trust from “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust”
−Removed: to “VanEck
−Removed: Merk Gold Trust,”
−Removed: at the request of the Marketing Agent to reflect its rebranding as “VanEck”.
−Removed: As a result of
−Removed: the name change, all references to “Van Eck Merk Gold Trust”
−Removed: in the Trust Agreement were amended to read “VanEck
−Removed: Merk Gold Trust,”
−Removed: and the shares offered by the Trust are now known as the “VanEck Merk Gold Shares”.
−Removed: for the name change effected pursuant to the Second Trust Amendment, the Trust Agreement remains in full force and effect on its
−Removed: existing terms.
−Removed: Change in Settlement Cycle and Amendment
−Removed: to Authorized Participant Agreements
−Removed: On March 22, 2017, the Securities and
−Removed: Exchange Commission adopted an amendment to reduce by one business day the standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer securities
−Removed: transactions.
−Removed: Prior to the implementation of the shorter settlement cycle, the standard settlement cycle for such transactions
−Removed: was three business days, known as T+3.
−Removed: The amended rule shortens the settlement cycle to two business days, or T+2.
−Removed: in the settlement cycle affects both the creation and redemption procedures for Baskets and trading in the shares.
−Removed: with the new settlement cycle went into effect on September 5, 2017.
−Removed: Due to the fact that the aforementioned
−Removed: creation and redemption procedures are addressed in the Authorized Participant Agreements by among the Authorized Participants,
−Removed: the Trustee and the Sponsor, the Trustee and the Sponsor exercised their rights to amend each such agreement to address the new
−Removed: T+2 settlement cycle and executed First Amendments to each of the Authorized Participant Agreements, effective as of September
−Removed: 5, 2017, and provided timely notice of such amendment to the Authorized Participants.
−Removed: Except for the foregoing amendments, the
−Removed: Authorized Participant Agreements remain in full force and effect on their existing terms.
−Removed: Review of Financial Results
−Removed: The NAV of the Trust is obtained by subtracting
−Removed: the Trust’s expenses and liabilities on any day from the value of the gold owned by the Trust on that day;
−Removed: the NAV per Share
−Removed: is obtained by dividing the NAV of the Trust on a given day by the number of Shares outstanding on that day.
−Removed: Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended
−Removed: January 31, 2020 and 2019
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV increased from $154,177,917
−Removed: on January 31, 2019 to $198,479,743 on January 31, 2020, an 28.7% increase for the fiscal year.
−Removed: The increase in the Trust’s
−Removed: NAV resulted primarily from an increase in the number of Shares issued during the period, which rose from 11,873,295 Shares issued
−Removed: and outstanding on January 31, 2019 to 12,817,945 Shares issued and outstanding on January 31, 2020.
−Removed: NAV per Share increased 19.17% from $12.99
−Removed: on January 31, 2019 to $15.48 on January 31, 2020.
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV per Share increased more than the price per Ounce of
−Removed: gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s Fee, which was $660,166 for the year, or 0.40% of the Trust’s assets
−Removed: on an annualized basis.
−Removed: The NAV per Share of $15.48 on January
−Removed: 31, 2020 was the highest during the year, compared with a low of $12.45 on April 23, 2019.
−Removed: Net increase in net assets resulting from
−Removed: operations for the year ended January 31, 2020 was $29,740,427, resulting from a net realized gain of $96,601 from gold bullion
−Removed: distributed for redemptions and an increase in unrealized appreciation on gold of $30,303,992 and by the Sponsor’s Fee of
−Removed: Other than the Sponsor’s Fee, the Trust had no expenses during the year ended January 31, 2020.
−Removed: For the calendar year ended December 31, 2018,
−Removed: the Marketing Agent earned a fee of $26,490.
−Removed: For the calendar year ended December 31, 2019, the Marketing Agent earned a fee of
−Removed: The total fees earned by the Marketing Agent since the initiation of the Marketing Agent’s efforts through December
−Removed: 31, 2019 are $73,405, which at that time represented 0.3621% of the Maximum Fee potentially payable to the Marketing Agent pursuant
−Removed: to the Marketing Agent Agreement.
−Removed: The fee earned in a calendar quarter is paid in the subsequent calendar quarter.
−Removed: Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended
−Removed: January 31, 2019 and 2018
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV increased from $142,168,245
−Removed: on January 31, 2018 to $154,177,917 on January 31, 2019, an 8.45% increase for the fiscal year.
−Removed: The increase in the Trust’s
−Removed: NAV resulted primarily from an increase in the number of Shares issued during the period, which rose from 10,727,887 Shares issued
−Removed: and outstanding on January 31, 2018 to 11,873,295 Shares issued and outstanding on January 31, 2019.
−Removed: NAV per Share decreased 1.96% from $13.25
−Removed: on January 31, 2018 to $12.99 on January 31, 2019.
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV per Share fell slightly more than the price per Ounce
−Removed: of gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s Fee, which was $563,414 for the year, or 0.40% of the Trust’s assets
−Removed: on an annualized basis.
−Removed: The NAV per Share of $13.32 on February
−Removed: 15, 2018 was the highest during the year, compared with a low of $11.58 on August 19, 2018.
−Removed: Net decrease in net assets resulting from
−Removed: operations for the year ended January 31, 2019 was $2,907,415, resulting from a net realized loss of $148,638 from gold bullion
−Removed: distributed for redemptions and a decrease in unrealized appreciation on gold of $2,195,363 and by the Sponsor’s Fee of
−Removed: Other than the Sponsor’s Fee, the Trust had no expenses during the year ended January 31, 2019.
−Removed: For the calendar year ended December 31,
−Removed: 2017, the Marketing Agent earned a fee of $10,275.
−Removed: For the calendar year ended December 31, 2018, the Marketing Agent earned a
−Removed: fee of $26,490.
−Removed: The total fees earned by the Marketing Agent since the initiation of the Marketing Agent’s efforts through
−Removed: December 31, 2018 are $36,766, which at that time represented 0.19% of the Maximum Fee potentially payable to the Marketing Agent
−Removed: pursuant to the Marketing Agent Agreement.
−Removed: The fee earned in a calendar quarter is paid in the subsequent calendar quarter.
−Removed: Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended
−Removed: January 31, 2018 and 2017
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV increased from $123,449,684
−Removed: on January 31, 2017 to $142,168,245 on January 31, 2018, a 15.16% increase for the fiscal year.
−Removed: The increase in the Trust’s
−Removed: NAV resulted primarily from an increase in the number of Shares issued during the period, which rose from 10,290,267 Shares issued
−Removed: and outstanding on January 31, 2017 to 10,727,887 Shares issued and outstanding on January 31, 2018.
−Removed: NAV per Share increased 10.42% from $12.00
−Removed: on January 31, 2017 to $13.25 on January 31, 2018.
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV per Share grew slightly less than the price per Ounce
−Removed: of gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s Fee, which was $525,570 for the year, or 0.40% of the Trust’s assets
−Removed: on an annualized basis.
−Removed: The NAV per Share of $13.35 on January
−Removed: 25, 2018 was the highest during the year, compared with a low of $11.85 on March 15, 2017.
−Removed: Net increase in net assets resulting from
−Removed: operations for the year ended January 31, 2018 was $13,184,232, resulting from a net gain of $29,173 from gold bullion distributed
−Removed: for redemptions and an unrealized gain on gold of $13,680,629 offset by the Sponsor’s Fee of $525,570.
−Removed: Other than the Sponsor’s
−Removed: Fee, the Trust had no expenses during the year ended January 31, 2018.
−Removed: From October 22, 2015, the date of initiation
−Removed: of the Marketing Agent’s efforts on behalf of the Trust, through December 31, 2016, no fees were earned by the Sponsor to
−Removed: the Marketing Agent.
−Removed: For the calendar year ended December 31, 2017, the Marketing Agent earned a fee of $10,275.
−Removed: The total fees
−Removed: earned paid to the Marketing Agent since the initiation of the Marketing Agent’s efforts through December 31, 2017 are $10,275,
−Removed: which at that time represented 0.06% of the Maximum Fee potentially payable to the Marketing Agent.
−Removed: The fee earned in a calendar
−Removed: quarter is paid in the subsequent calendar quarter.
−Removed: Comparison of the Fiscal Years Ended
−Removed: January 31, 2017 and 2016
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV increased from $83,657,961
−Removed: on January 31, 2016 to $123,449,684 on January 31, 2017, a 47.56% increase for the fiscal year.
−Removed: The increase in the Trust’s
−Removed: NAV resulted primarily from an increase in the number of Shares issued during the period, which rose from 7,576,528 Shares issued
−Removed: and outstanding on January 31, 2016 to 10,290,267 Shares issued and outstanding on January 31, 2017.
−Removed: NAV per Share increased 8.70% from $11.04
−Removed: on January 31, 2016 to $12.00 on January 31, 2017.
−Removed: The Trust’s NAV per Share grew slightly less than the price per Ounce
−Removed: of gold on a percentage basis due to the Sponsor’s Fee, which was $532,642 for the year, or 0.40% of the Trust’s assets
−Removed: on an annualized basis.
−Removed: The NAV per Share of $13.55 on July 6,
−Removed: 2016 was the highest during the year, compared with a low of $11.14 on December 20, 2016.
−Removed: Net increase in net assets resulting from
−Removed: operations for the year ended January 31, 2017 was $2,931,423, resulting from a net loss of $2,758,495 from gold bullion distributed
−Removed: for redemptions offset by an unrealized gain on gold of $6,222,560 and Sponsor’s Fee of $532,642.Other than the Sponsor’s
−Removed: Fee, the Trust had no expenses during the year ended January 31, 2017.
−Removed: From October 22, 2015, the date of initiation
−Removed: of the Marketing Agent’s efforts on behalf of the Trust, through January 31, 2017, the aggregate fees payable by the Sponsor
−Removed: to the Marketing Agent equaled $0, which at that time represented 0% of the Maximum Fee potentially payable to the Marketing Agent
−Removed: pursuant to the Marketing Agent Agreement.
−Removed: The Trust is not aware of any trends,
−Removed: demands, conditions or events that are reasonably likely to result in material changes to its liquidity needs.
−Removed: In exchange for
−Removed: the Sponsor’s Fee, the Sponsor has agreed to assume most of the expenses incurred by the Trust.
−Removed: As a result, the only expense
−Removed: of the Trust during the period covered by this Report was the Sponsor’s Fee.
−Removed: The Trustee will not sell gold to pay the Sponsor’s
−Removed: Fee but will pay the Sponsor’s Fee through Share creation.
−Removed: At January 31, 2020, the Trust did not have any cash balances.
−Removed: Quantitative and Qualitative
−Removed: Disclosures about Market Risk
−Removed: Not applicable.
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.