Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and
analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes
appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed
below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those
discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All amounts in this
report are in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Overview
We are a private messaging, cybersecurity, and
social media company that not only focuses on protecting privacy on personal devices, but also protects user information after it is shared
with others. We believe that one’s right to privacy should not end the moment they click “send”, and that we all deserve
the same right to privacy online that we enjoy in our own living rooms. Our flagship product, DatChat Messenger & Private Social Network,
is a privacy platform and mobile application that gives users the ability to communicate with the privacy and protection they deserve.
Recently, we have expanded our business and product offerings to include the development of our Myseum platform, a secure digital content
management and storage solution for families, groups and individuals. In addition, as a result of our acquisition of RPM Interactive,
Inc. in October 2024, we have repositioned our majority-owned subsidiary, Dragon Interact, Inc. (recently renamed RPM Interactive, Inc.)
away from the development of the Habytat platform to focus on becoming an AI generated publishing company of trivia mobile game apps and
vodcasts/podcasts designed to publish content across hundreds of evergreen topics every day and be distributed to all major streaming
platforms. See “Business – RPM Interactive, Inc.” and “Business – The Habytat.”
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DatChat Messenger & Private Social Network
Our platform allows users to exercise control
over their messages and posts, even after they are sent. Through our application, users can delete messages that they have sent, on their
own device and the recipient’s device as well. There is no set time limit within which they must exercise this choice. A user can
elect at any time to delete a message that they previously sent to a recipient’s device.
The application also enables users to hide secret
and encrypted messages behind a cover, which messages can only be unlocked by the recipient and which are automatically destroyed after
a fixed number of views or fixed amount of time. Users can decide how long their messages last on the recipient’s device. The application
also includes a screen shot protection system, which makes it virtually impossible for the recipient to screenshot a message or picture
before it gets destroyed. In addition, users can delete entire conversations at any time, making it like the conversation never even happened.
In addition to the foregoing, the application
also provides users with the ability to connect via an encrypted live video chat that also is designed to prevent screenshots or screen
grabs. The application integrates with iMessage, making private messages potentially available to hundreds of millions of users.
Myseum Social Media Platform
We recently launched our Myseum social media platform,
an innovative social media platform that brings a fresh approach to digital media and content management,
allowing users to create a digital legacy that can be easily shared today and with future generations. Backed by AI technology and proprietary
software, the multi-tiered social media ecosystem enables individuals, families, and other groups to store and share digital content such
as messages, photos, videos, and documents within a highly secure and private family library. Myseum allows users to create amazing
albums and galleries for everyone to see, create special private and secure galleries with limited access, personalize a user’s
newsfeed with updates from other Myseums and leave time released video messages for both now and future generations.
RPM Interactive, Inc.
In October 2024, our majority owned subsidiary,
Dragon Interact, Inc. (“Dragon”), e ntered into a Share Exchange Agreement with RPM Interactive,
Inc., a Florida corporation (“RPM”), pursuant to which Dragon acquired 100% of the equity interests of RPM, including all
assets of RPM in consideration for the issuance of 3,500,000 restricted shares of Dragon’s common stock. RPM’s assets included
an artificial intelligence (“AI”) tool used for publishing AI-generated consumer gaming and podcasting/vodcasting applications
and certain intellectual property. As part of the acquisition, Dragon has changed its corporate name to RPM Interactive, Inc. (“RPM
Interactive”) and shifted its focus to developing AI-driven podcast and gaming technologies.
Following
the acquisition, i n January 2025, we returned 3,500,000 shares of the RPM Interactive common stock held by us to RPM Interactive,
which shares were cancelled and are no longer outstanding on RPM Interactive’s stock ledger. Following these transactions, we hold
9,000,000 shares of the RPM Interactive’s common stock, or approximately 34% of its outstanding shares.
The Habytat
Prior ot the acquisition of RPM, we had developed
and launched, in November 2022, the Habytat, a virtual space that blends real world and virtual realities into one, in real time, using
emerging technology like virtual and augmented reality, to create a highly immersive 3D environment. We had further contemplated spinning-off
our Habytat platform business into a new standalone public company pursuant to a distribution of the shares of the our shareholders. As
discussed above, following our acquisition of RPM in October 2024, we ceased our development of the Habytat platform and are evaluating
ways to utilize the technology that had been developed by our subsidiary.
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Recent Events
Return of Subsidiary Shares
In January 2025, we returned 3,500,000 shares
of the Subsidiary’s. common stock held by us to the Subsidiary, which shares were cancelled and are no longer outstanding on the
Subsidiary’s stock ledger. Following this transaction, we held 12.5 million shares of the Subsidiary’s common stock, or approximately
34% of its outstanding shares.
January 2025 Offering
On January 8, 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement
with certain institutional investors, pursuant to which we sold 1,200,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $4.25 per
share of Common Stock. Proceeds from the offering were approximately $5.1 million, prior to deducting placement agent’s fees and
other offering expenses payable by the Company. The shares of Common Stock were offered by the Company pursuant to its shelf registration
statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-268058), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2022,
a base prospectus dated December 6, 2022, and a prospectus supplement dated January 8, 2025. The closing of the offering took place on
January 9, 2025. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the offering, the Company issued to The Benchmark Company, LLC, the exclusive placement
agent for the offering, warrants to purchase up to 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price equal
to 100.0% of the offering price per share of Common Stock, or $4.25 per share. The Placement Agent Warrant is exercisable during the four-and-a-half
year period commencing six months after the date of the closing of this Offering.
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements contained herein have
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “U.S. GAAP”)
and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Critical Estimates
This management’s discussion and analysis
of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements,
and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we base our estimates on historical
experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these
estimates if conditions differ from our assumptions. While our significant accounting policies and significant estimates are more fully
described in Note 2 in the “Notes to Financial Statements”, we believe the following estimates are critical to the process
of making significant judgments and estimates in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Capitalized internal-use software costs
We capitalize costs to develop or purchase internal-use software in
accordance with ASC section 350-40, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software .
Costs incurred to develop internal-use software are expensed as incurred during the preliminary project stage. Internal-use software development
costs are capitalized upon purchase and during the application development stage, which is after: (i) the preliminary project stage is
completed; and (ii) management authorizes and commits to funding the project and it is probable the project will be completed and used
to perform the intended function. Capitalization ceases at the point where the software project is substantially complete and ready for
its intended use, and after all substantial testing is completed. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if it is probable that those
expenditures will result in additional functionality. Amortization is provided for on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life
of the internal-use software development costs and related upgrades and enhancements. When existing software is replaced with new software,
the unamortized costs of the old software are expensed when the new software is ready for its intended use. Software development costs
incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were expensed since the Metaverse software development project is in the preliminary
project stage. Such costs are included in research and development costs on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
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Variable interest entities
Pursuant to ASC 810-10-25-22 , an entity
is defined as a VIE if it either lacks sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support,
or it is structured such that the holders of the voting rights do not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity.
When determining whether an entity that meets the definition of a business qualifies for a scope exception from applying VIE guidance,
the Company considers whether: (i) it has participated significantly in the design of the entity, (ii) it has provided more than half
of the total financial support to the entity, and (iii) substantially all of the activities of the VIE are conducted on its behalf. A
VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary, the party that has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact
the VIE’s economic performance and has the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could
be potentially significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary assessment must be re-evaluated on an ongoing basis.
Based on the Company’s analysis, on February
14, 2023, Metabizz, LLC, a Florida corporation, and Metabizz SAS, a company incorporated under the laws of Columbia (collectively “Metabizz”),
were determined to be VIE entities in accordance with ASC 810-10-25-22 because the equity owners in Metabizz did not have the
characteristics of a controlling financial interest and the initial equity investments in these entities may be or were insufficient
to meet or sustain its operations without additional subordinated financial support from DatChat. The equity owners of Metabizz had only
a nominal equity investment at risk, and the Company absorbed or received a majority of the entity’s expected losses or benefits.
The Company participated significantly in the design of Metabizz. The Company provided working capital advances to Metabizz to allow
Metabizz to fund its day-to-day obligations. Substantially all of the activities of Metabizz were conducted for the Company’s benefit,
as evidenced by the fact that the operations of Metabizz consisted of development of software and technologies to be used by RPM Interactive
and the Company provided working capital to Metabizz to pay employees and independent contractors to perform the development services
on behalf of the Company. Repayment of the working capital advances is not guaranteed by the equity owner of Metabizz and creditors of
Metabizz do not have recourse against the Company. Accordingly, the Company was required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, revenues
and expenses of Metabizz using the fair value method. Additionally, the managing partner of Metabizz was also the Chief Innovation Officer
of RPM Interactive. Since Metabizz, LLC and Metabizz SAS were considered VIE’s, any noncontrolling interest eliminated in consolidation.
In connection with the initial consolidation of Metabizz, on February 14, 2023 (the initial consolidation date), the Company recorded
a gain on initial consolidation of variable interest entities of $42,737.
On March 31, 2024, based on the Company’s
analysis, the Company deconsolidated Metabizz, LLC and Metabizz SAS. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company ceased
doing business with Metabizz, LLC and Metabizz SAS and will pay technology professionals directly. In connection with the deconsolidation
of Metabizz, LLC and Metabizz SAS, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a gain on deconsolidation of
$107.
On August 27, 2024, the Company entered into
an Asset Purchase Agreement with the Seller, pursuant to which it acquired from Seller the Assets (See Note 1) in consideration for the
transfer by the Company of 8,000,000 restricted shares of common stock of RPM Interactive. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2024, the
Company owned 45.5% of RPM Interactive. On August 27, 2024, based on the Company’s analysis, the Company determined that RPM Interactive
met the definition of a VIE under the VIE model, which provides for situations in which control may be demonstrated other than by the
possession of voting rights in RPM Interactive. Based on Company’s analysis, the Company continues to have the power to direct
the activities of RPM Interactive that most significantly impact RPM Interactive’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb
losses of RPM Interactive that could potentially be significant to RPM Interactive or the right to receive benefits from RPM Interactive
that could potentially be significant to RPM Interactive.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation is accounted for based
on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment Topic of ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”),
which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee, non-employee and director services received in exchange
for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee, non-employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange
for the award (presumptively, the vesting period). ASC 718 also requires measurement of the cost of employee, non-employee, and director
services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The fair value of each option granted is
estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, net of actual forfeitures. The fair value is amortized
as compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period.
The Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model includes various assumptions, including the fair market value of our common stock, the
expected life of stock options, the expected volatility, and the expected risk-free interest rate, among others. These assumptions reflect
our best estimates, but they involve inherent uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside of our control. As a result,
if other assumptions had been used, stock-based compensation expense, as determined in accordance with authoritative guidance, could
have been materially impacted. Furthermore, if we use different assumptions on future grants, stock-based compensation expense could
be materially affected in future periods.
Noncontrolling interests
The Company follows ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation,”
governing the accounting for and reporting of noncontrolling interests (“NCI”) in partially owned consolidated subsidiaries
and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things, that NCI be treated as a separate
component of equity, not as a liability, that increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership interest that leave control intact
be treated as equity transactions rather than as step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses, and that losses of a partially-owned consolidated
subsidiary be allocated to noncontrolling interests even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance. The net loss attributed
to NCI was separately designated in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Losses attributable
to NCI in a subsidiary may exceed a NCI’s interests in the subsidiary’s equity. The excess attributable to NCI is attributed
to those interests. NCI shall continue to be attributed their share of losses even if that attribution results in a deficit NCI balance.
The Company allocates certain corporate common
expenses to its subsidiaries based on the ratio of direct subsidiary expenses to total consolidated expenses. Management believes that
this allocation method is reasonable.
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The Company accounts for it noncontrolling interest in RPM Interactive
in accordance with ASC Topic 810-10-45, which requires the Company to present noncontrolling interests as a separate component of total
shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated net loss attributable to its noncontrolling interest
be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations. Through January 10, 2024, the date that
VR Interactive purchased 8,000,000 shares of RPM Interactive from Metabizz LLC, any noncontrolling interest eliminated in consolidation.
Because this change in ownership moved from a consolidated entity (the VIE entities) to a nonconsolidated entity (VR Interactive), subsequent
to January 10, 2024 the Company ceased eliminating the noncontrolling interest in consolidation and recorded an initial negative noncontrolling
interest of $442,361 in total equity for the portion of equity ownership not attributable to DatChat based on the minority interest holders’
ownership interest in the carrying value of RPM Interactive’s equity. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the
Company recorded additional initial negative noncontrolling interest of $909,581 in total equity for the portion of additional equity
ownership not attributable to the Company based on this minority interest holders’ ownership interest in the carrying value of RPM
Interactive’s equity. The Company also allocated $785,847 of the net loss of the subsidiary to noncontrolling interest resulting
in a total noncontrolling interest deficit of $2,137,789 as of December 31, 2024.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to the notes to the audited financial statements.
Results of Operations
Revenue
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, we generated revenues of $436 and $672, respectively, which consisted of subscription revenues.
Operating expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2024, operating expenses amounted to
$5,281,339 as compared to $8,784,703 for the year ended December 31 2023, a decrease of $3,503,364, or 39.9%. For the years ended December
31 2024 and 2023, operating expenses consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2024
2023
Compensation and related expenses
$ 2,320,127
$ 4,760,180
Marketing and advertising expenses
128,656
388,444
Professional and consulting expenses
1,031,898
1,324,640
Research and development
857,668
1,351,415
General and administrative expenses
942,990
892,972
Impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets
-
43,671
Impairment loss on digital currencies and other digital assets
-
23,381
Total
$ 5,281,339
$ 8,784,703
Compensation and related expenses
Compensation and related expenses include salaries,
stock-based compensation, health insurance and other benefits.
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
compensation and related expenses amounted to $2,320,127 and $4,760,180, respectively, a decrease of $2,440,053, or 51.3%. The decrease
was attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation of $1,985,961 and a decrease in other compensation and other related expenses
of $454,092 related to a reduction in staff.
Marketing and advertising expenses
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, marketing and advertising
expenses amounted to $128,656 and $388,444, respectively, a decrease of $259,788, or 67.0%, primarily due to an overall decrease in promotions,
branding and digital marketing strategies and social media ads.
Professional and consulting expenses
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we reported professional
and consulting expenses of $1,031,898 and $1,324,640, respectively, a decrease of $292,742, or 22.1%. The decrease is attributable to
a decrease in consulting fees of $96,202, which includes a decrease in stock-based consulting fees of $144,818, offset by an increase
in other consulting fees of $48,616, a decrease in investor relations fees of $224,026, a decrease in legal fees of $27,195, and a decrease
in other professional fees of $43,970, offset by an increase in accounting fees of $98,651.
Research and development costs
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and
2023, we incurred $857,668 and $1,351,415 in research and development costs, a decrease of $493,747, or 36.5%. Research and development
costs were incurred in connection with our Metaverse software development project, including the development of Habytat which is in the
preliminary stage. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we ceased development of our Metaverse software.
General and administrative expenses
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, general and administrative
expenses amounted to $942,990 and $892,972, an increase of $50,018, or 5.6%. The increases are primarily attributable to an increase in
computer and internet expenses of approximately $54,000.
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Impairment loss on property and equipment
and intangible assets
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we wrote
off the balance of property and equipment held by MetaBizz since the property and equipment was abandoned and no longer being used by
the Company as of December 31, 2023. Accordingly, we recognized an impairment loss on property and equipment of $43,671. We did not recognize
any impairment loss on property and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Impairment loss on digital currencies and
other digital assets
During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023,
operating expenses included an impairment charge related to the write down of digital assets of $0 and $23,381, respectively.
Loss from Operations
During the year ended December 31, 2024, loss from operation amounted
to $5,280,903 as compared to $8,784,031 during the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $3,503,128, or 39.9%.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expenses) primarily consisted of interest income, gain
on initial consolidation of variable interest entities, a forerign curreny exchange loss, a gain on deconsolidation of variable interest
entities, and realized gains on short-term investments. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we reported other income, net
of $255,896 and $379,061, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, other
income, net primarily consisted of interest income of $268,754, a gain on deconsolidation of variable interest entities of $107, and
a foreign currency exchange loss of $12,965. During the year ended December 31, 2023, other income, net primarily consisted of interest
income of $384,098, a gain on initial consolidation of variable interest entities of $42,737, a foreign currency exchange loss of $102,
and a realized loss on short-term investments of $47,672.
Net Loss and Net Loss Attributable Common
Shareholders
Due to the foregoing reasons, during the years ended December 31, 2024
and 2023, our net loss was $5,025,007 and $8,404,970, respectively, a decrease of $3,379,963, or 40.2%. During the year ended December
31, 2024 and 2023, we adjusted net loss for the net loss of subsidiary attributable to noncontrolling interest by $785,847 and $0, respectively
Accordingly, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our net loss attributable to common shareholders was $4,239,160, or $(1.43)
per common share (basic and diluted) and $8,404,970, or $(4.14) per common share (basic and diluted), respectively, a decrease of $4,165,810,
or 49.6%.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Plan of Operations
As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash
equivalents of $1,196,699 and short-term investments of $2,952,512. Short-term investments include U.S. Treasury bills that are all highly
rated and have initial maturities between four and twelve months.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course
of business. As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,196,699, short-term investments of $2,952,512, and working
capital of $3,657,711. Short-term investments include U.S. Treasury zero coupon bills that are all highly rated and have initial maturities
between four and twelve months. Additionally, on January 8, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with certain institutional investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to such investors 1,200,000 shares
of common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $4.25 per share of Common Stock (the “Offering”). The closing of the
sales of these securities under the Purchase Agreement took place on January 9, 2025 and we received net proceeds of $4,537,000. Net cash
used in operations was $4,388,385 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Until such time that the Company implements its growth strategy,
it expects to continue to generate operating losses in the foreseeable future, mostly due to corporate overhead, research and development,
and costs of being a public company. We believe that our existing working capital and cash on hand will provide sufficient cash to enable
the Company to meet its operating needs and debt requirements for the next twelve months from the issuance date of this report.
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Our primary uses of cash have been for research
and development, compensation and related expenses, fees paid to third parties for professional services, marketing and advertising expenses,
and general and administrative expenses. All funds received have been expended in the furtherance of growing the business. We received
funds from the sale of our common stock, sale of common stock in our subsidiary, RPM Interactive, and the exercise of warrants. The following
trends are reasonably likely to result in changes in our liquidity over the near to long term:
●
An increase in working capital requirements to finance our current
business,
●
Cost of research and development,
●
Addition of administrative, technical and sales personnel as the business
grows, and
●
The cost of being a public company.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities totaled
$4,388,385 and $6,529,277 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $2,140,892.
Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December
31, 2024 primarily reflected a net loss of $5,025,007, adjusted for the add-back (reduction) of non-cash items consisting of depreciation
and amortization of $23,129, amortization of right of use assets of $73,977, accretion of stock-based stock option and common stock expense
of $123,300, a non-cash gain from deconsolidation of variable interest entities of $(107), foreign currency exchange loss of $12,965,
and non-cash research and development expense of $166,667, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting
of an increase in prepaid expenses of $9,649, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $307,568, and a decrease in operating
lease liabilities of $83,674.
Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December
31, 2023 primarily reflected a net loss of $8,404,970 adjusted for the add-back (reduction) of non-cash items consisting of depreciation
and amortization of $28,943, amortization of right of use assets of $60,549, accretion of stock-based stock option and common stock expense
of $2,254,079, a non-cash gain from initial consolidation of variable interest entities of $(42,737), impairment loss on digital assets
of $23,381, impairment of property and equipment of $43,671, and net realized gain on short-term investments of $327,145, offset by changes
in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisting of a decrease in prepaid expenses of $5,797, a decrease in accounts payable and
accrued expenses of $103,741, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $67,339.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities amounted
to $2,236,751 and $6,160,932 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $3,924,181.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, we
purchased short-term investments of $10,767,288 and received gross proceeds from the sale of short-term investments of $13,004,039.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, we
purchased short-term investments of $8,599,121 and received gross proceeds from the sale of short-term investments of $14,745,000. Additionally,
we received $64,538 in cash upon initial consolidation of variable interest entities and purchased property and equipment amounting to
$49,485.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
totaled $2,394,971 and $(398,284) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we received
$559,251 from the sale of common stock, net, received $974,198 from the sale of subsidiary common stock, net, and received $861,522 from
the sale of pre-funded warrants.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repaid
related party advances of $1,315, we used cash of $397,969 to purchase 66,945 treasury stock at an average price of $5.94 per share,
and we received $1,000 from the sale of Series B preferred stock.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any other financial
guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts
that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our financial statements. Furthermore,
we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity
or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity,
market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required
to provide the information required by this item.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY
DATA
Our financial statements are contained in pages
F-1 through F-22, which appear at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH
ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.