Modular Medical, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Report). This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which include, without limitation, statements about the market for our technology, our strategy, competition, expected financial performance and capital raising efforts, and other aspects of our business identified in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2024 and in other reports that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any statements about our business, financial results, financial condition and operations contained in this Report that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risk factors described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024. These forward-looking statements represent our intentions, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors including, without limitation, inflationary risks, including the risk of increasing costs for certain of the Company’s components, and related issues that may arise therefrom. Many of those factors are outside of our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the events described in the forward-looking statements might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time than we have described. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning other matters addressed in this Report and attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this Report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, a change in events, conditions, circumstances or assumptions underlying such statements, or otherwise. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year in this Report, refers to the fiscal year ended March 31 of the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2025 refers to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025). Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer to Modular Medical, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary . Company Overview We are a pre-revenue medical device company focused on the design, development and commercialization of innovative insulin pumps using modernized technology to increase pump adoption in the diabetes marketplace. Through the creation of a novel two-part patch pump, our initial product, the MODD1, we seek to fundamentally alter the trade-offs between cost and complexity and access to the higher standards of care that presently-available insulin pumps provide. By simplifying and streamlining the user experience from introduction, prescription, reimbursement, training and day-to-day use, we seek to expand the wearable insulin delivery device market beyond the highly motivated “super users” and expand the category into the mass market. The product seeks to serve both the type 1 and the rapidly growing, especially in terms of device adoption, type 2 diabetes markets. In January 2024, we submitted a 510(k) premarket notification to the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) for our MODD1 insulin pump, and, in September 2024, we received FDA clearance to market and sell our MODD1 pump in the United States. We are actively working to commercialize our MODD1 product and commence initial shipments in the first half of fiscal 2026, obtain regulatory clearance to market and sell our MODD1 product in foreign jurisdictions, improve the manufacturability and usability of our MODD1 product and develop new pump products. Historically, we have financed our operations principally through private placements and public offerings of our common stock and sales of convertible promissory notes. Based on our current operating plan, substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date that the financial statements included in Item 1 of this Report are issued exists. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to raise additional capital, through the sale of equity or debt securities, to support our future operations. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we will be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs. We have provided additional disclosure in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Report and under Liquidity below. 14 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we make these estimates based on our historical experience and on assumptions that we consider reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and reported results could differ under different assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and estimates. Results of Operations Research and Development December 31, Change 2024 2023 2023 to 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands) Research and development – Three months ended $ 3,853 $ 3,838 $ 15 0.4 % Research and development – Nine months ended $ 10,760 $ 9,765 $ 995 10.2 % Our research and development, or R&D, expenses include personnel, consulting, testing, materials and supplies, depreciation and amortization and other operational costs associated with the pre-commercialization development and production of our insulin pump products. We expense R&D costs as they are incurred. R&D expenses remained relatively flat for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with the same period of 2023, as employee-related costs increased approximately $0.5 million, depreciation expense increased by approximately $0.2 million, materials and supplies costs increased by approximately $0.2 million, and other R&D-related expenses increased $0.1 million. These increases were substantially offset by decreases of $0.6 million in consulting expenses, which were significant in fiscal 2024 in support of our submission to the FDA in January 2024, and $0.4 million in stock-based compensation expense. R&D expenses increased for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 compared with the same period of 2023, primarily due to increased employee-related costs of approximately $0.9 million, an increase in depreciation expense of approximately $0.5 million, an increase in travel-related and other costs of approximately $0.2 million and an increase in stock-based compensation costs of approximately $0.1 million. These increases were partially offset by decreases of approximately $0.6 million in consulting expenses and $0.1 million in material and supplies costs. Our full-time R&D employee headcount increased to 44 at December 31, 2024 from 36 at December 31, 2023. R&D expenses included stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $0.3 million and $0.7 million for the three-months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.5 million and $1.4 million for the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expect research and development expenses to increase for the remainder of fiscal 2025 due to testing activities in support of commercialization of our MODD1 product and to advance development of new pump products. 15 General and Administrative December 31, Change 2024 2023 2023 to 2024 (dollar amounts in thousands) General and administrative – Three months ended $ 1,001 $ 1,431 $ (430 ) (30.0 )% General and administrative – Nine months ended $ 3,310 $ 3,445 $ (135 ) (3.9 )% General and administrative, or G&A, expenses consist primarily of personnel and related overhead costs for facilities, finance, human resources, legal, investor relations, marketing and general management. G&A expenses decreased for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with the same period of 2023, primarily as a result of decreased stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.2 million, decreased legal and other professional service expenses of approximately $0.1 million, decreased marketing expenses of approximately $0.1 million and a decrease in other G&A expenses of approximately $0.1 million. The decreases were partially offset by an increase in consulting expenses of approximately $0.1 million. G&A expenses decreased for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 compared with the same period of 2023, primarily as a result of a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.1 million, a decrease in marketing expenses of approximately $0.1 million, and a decrease in travel-related and other costs of approximately $0.2 million. The decreases were partially offset by an increase in legal and other professional service expenses of approximately $0.3 million. G&A expenses included stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expect G&A expenses to increase for the remainder of fiscal 2025, as we expect to incur additional expenses in support of commercialization of our MODD1 product. Liquidity and Capital Resources; Changes in Financial Condition We do not currently have revenues to generate cash flows to cover operating expenses. Since our inception, we have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows in each year due to costs incurred in connection with our operations. For the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and year ended March 31, 2024, we incurred net losses of approximately $13.9 million and $17.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, we had a cash balance of $7.0 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $80 million. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future and incur cash outflows from operations, as we continue to invest in the development and commercialization of our pump products. We expect that our expenses will continue to increase, and, as a result, we will eventually need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability. When considered with our current operating plan, these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date that the financial statements included in Item 1 of this Report are issued. Our financial statements do not include adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our operating needs include the planned costs to operate our business, including amounts required to fund continued research and development activities, working capital and capital expenditures. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to raise additional capital, through the sale of equity or debt securities to support our future operations. In November 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (“Leerink”) under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock (subject to availability on our shelf registration statement) through an “at the market offering” program under which Leerink acts as sales agent or principal. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, we sold 95,685 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $0.2 million under the ATM Agreement. Subject to market conditions, we may resume sales under the ATM during the remainder of fiscal 2025, however, the potential net proceeds from such future sales, if any, are unknown. In November 2024, in a firm commitment underwritten offering, we sold 5,450,573 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $1.50 per share for net proceeds to us of approximately $7.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2024, we received a total of approximately $0.2 million of proceeds from the exercise of common stock purchase warrants issued in a public offering we completed in May 2023. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including, without limitation, our ability to successfully commercialize our MODD1 product and future pump products, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire other companies or technologies to enhance or complement our product offerings. If we are unable to secure additional capital timely, we may be required to curtail product commercialization and R&D initiatives, reduce headcount and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash. For the nine months ended December 31, 2024, we used approximately $11.4 million of cash in operating activities, which primarily resulted from our net loss of approximately $13.9 million and net changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $0.3 million, as adjusted for stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $2.0 million, depreciation and amortization expenses of approximately $0.7 million and other immaterial adjustments. For the nine months ended December 31, 2023, we used approximately $10.5 million in operating activities, which primarily resulted from our net loss of approximately $13.2 million and net changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $0.4 million, as adjusted for stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $2.0 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of approximately $0.3 million and other immaterial adjustments. 16 For the nine months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash used in investing activities of approximately $1.5 million and $1.2 million , respectively, was for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities of approximately $10.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2024 was attributable to $7.3 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock in a public offering, net of underwriting fees and issuance costs, which closed in November 2024, $2.1 million of proceeds from sales of our common stock under an at-the-market offering and $1.3 million of proceeds from exercises of common stock purchase warrants. Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 was attributable to $9.7 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants in a public offering, which closed in May 2023, and approximately $0.2 million of proceeds from the exercise of common stock purchase warrants. Purchase Obligations Our primary purchase obligations include purchase orders for machinery and equipment. At December 31, 2024, we had outstanding purchase orders for machinery and equipment and related expenditures of approximately $1.1 million. In December 2023, we signed a device integration agreement with a provider of connected-care and remote monitoring diabetes technology solutions. As of December 31, 2024, we had a remaining obligation under the device integration agreement of approximately $0.4 million over three years for technology license and maintenance fees. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Recently issued accounting pronouncements are detailed in Note 1 in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Report. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Not required.