LA-Z-BOY INC 10-K

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Management's Report to Our Shareholders Management's Responsibility for Financial Information Management is responsible for the consistency, integrity and preparation of the information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated financial statements and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include necessary judgments and estimates by management. To fulfill our responsibility, we maintain comprehensive systems of internal control designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and transactions are executed in accordance with established procedures. The concept of reasonable assurance is based upon recognition that the cost of the controls should not exceed the benefit derived. We believe our systems of internal control provide this reasonable assurance. The board of directors exercised its oversight role with respect to our systems of internal control primarily through its audit committee, which is comprised of independent directors. The committee oversees our systems of internal control, accounting practices, financial reporting and audits to assess whether their quality, integrity, and objectivity are sufficient to protect shareholders' investments. In addition, our consolidated financial statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report also appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting based upon the framework in "Internal Control—Integrated Framework" set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 25, 2020 . PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 25, 2020 , as stated in its report which appears herein. 38 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of La-Z-Boy Incorporated Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of La-Z-Boy Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 25, 2020 and April 27, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 25, 2020, including the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 25, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of April 25, 2020 and April 27, 2019 , and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 25, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 25, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Changes in Accounting Principles As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in fiscal 2020 and revenue from contracts with customers in fiscal 2019. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 39 Table of Contents preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Goodwill Impairment Assessment - Joybird Reporting Unit As described in Notes 1 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $161.0 million as of April 25, 2020, and the goodwill associated with the Corporate and Other reporting segment was $55.4 million, which is inclusive of the Joybird reporting unit. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. In connection with its annual assessment, management recorded a non-cash pretax impairment charge of $26.9 million to reduce the carrying value of the Joybird goodwill to its fair value. Management applies the income approach using discounted future cash flows to estimate the fair value of the Joybird reporting unit. Estimating future cash flows requires management to make significant assumptions and to apply judgment to project future revenues based on estimated short and long-term growth rates and estimates of future operating margins. Significant judgment is also involved in selecting the appropriate discount rate to be applied to the projected future cash flows. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment of the Joybird reporting unit is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management when developing the fair value of the reporting unit. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate management’s significant assumptions, including short and long-term revenue growth rates, future operating margins, and the discount rate. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing these procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s annual goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s reporting units. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the Joybird reporting unit; evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of the underlying data used in the model; and evaluating the significant assumptions used by management, including the short and long-term revenue growth rates, future operating margins, and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to short and long-term revenue growth rates and future operating margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data; and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and certain significant assumptions, including the discount rate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Detroit, Michigan June 23, 2020 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1968. 40 Table of Contents LA-Z-BOY INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Sales $ 1,703,982 $ 1,745,401 $ 1,583,947 Cost of sales 982,537 1,042,831 961,200 Gross profit 721,445 702,570 622,747 Selling, general and administrative expense 575,821 572,896 493,378 Goodwill impairment 26,862 — — Operating income 118,762 129,674 129,369 Interest expense ( 1,291 ) ( 1,542 ) ( 538 ) Interest income 2,785 2,103 1,709 Pension termination refund (charge) 1,900 ( 32,671 ) — Other expense, net ( 6,983 ) ( 2,237 ) ( 1,650 ) Income before income taxes 115,173 95,327 128,890 Income tax expense 36,189 25,186 47,295 Net income 78,984 70,141 81,595 Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 1,515 ) ( 1,567 ) ( 729 ) Net income attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated $ 77,469 $ 68,574 $ 80,866 Basic weighted average common shares 46,399 46,828 47,621 Basic net income attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated per share $ 1.67 $ 1.46 $ 1.69 Diluted weighted average common shares 46,736 47,333 48,135 Diluted net income attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated per share $ 1.66 $ 1.44 $ 1.67 The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 41 Table of Contents LA-Z-BOY INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Net income $ 78,984 $ 70,141 $ 81,595 Other comprehensive income (loss) Currency translation adjustment ( 2,207 ) ( 2,472 ) 4,435 Change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax 10 ( 67 ) 80 Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net of tax 185 267 ( 376 ) Pension termination, net of tax — 23,807 — Net pension amortization and actuarial gain, net of tax ( 1,197 ) 1,705 4,665 Total other comprehensive income ( 3,209 ) 23,240 8,804 Total comprehensive income before noncontrolling interests 75,775 93,381 90,399 Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 1,249 ) ( 1,433 ) ( 1,849 ) Comprehensive income attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated $ 74,526 $ 91,948 $ 88,550 The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 42 Table of Contents LA-Z-BOY INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Amounts in thousands, except par value) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 Current assets Cash and equivalents $ 261,553 $ 129,819 Restricted cash 1,975 1,968 Receivables, net of allowance of $7,541 at 4/25/20 and $2,180 at 4/27/19 99,351 143,288 Inventories, net 181,643 196,899 Other current assets 81,804 69,144 Total current assets 626,326 541,118 Property, plant and equipment, net 214,767 200,523 Goodwill 161,017 185,867 Other intangible assets, net 28,653 29,907 Deferred income taxes – long-term 20,839 20,670 Right of use lease asset 318,647 — Other long-term assets, net 64,640 81,705 Total assets $ 1,434,889 $ 1,059,790 Current liabilities Short-term borrowings $ 75,000 $ — Current portion of long-term debt — 180 Accounts payable 55,511 65,365 Lease liability, short-term 64,376 — Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 155,282 173,091 Total current liabilities 350,169 238,636 Long-term debt — 19 Lease liability, long-term 270,162 — Other long-term liabilities 98,252 124,159 Shareholders' equity Preferred shares – 5,000 authorized; none issued — — Common shares, $1 par value – 150,000 authorized; 45,857 outstanding at 4/25/20 and 46,955 outstanding at 4/27/19 45,857 46,955 Capital in excess of par value 318,215 313,168 Retained earnings 343,633 325,847 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 6,952 ) ( 3,462 ) Total La-Z-Boy Incorporated shareholders' equity 700,753 682,508 Noncontrolling interests 15,553 14,468 Total equity 716,306 696,976 Total liabilities and equity $ 1,434,889 $ 1,059,790 The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 43 Table of Contents LA-Z-BOY INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Cash flows from operating activities Net income $ 78,984 $ 70,141 $ 81,595 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities Gain on disposal of assets ( 10,068 ) ( 325 ) ( 2,108 ) Gain on conversion of investment — — ( 2,204 ) Gain on sale of investments ( 693 ) ( 656 ) ( 770 ) Change in deferred taxes 719 ( 1,668 ) 17,261 Provision for doubtful accounts 13,383 502 276 Depreciation and amortization 31,192 31,147 31,767 Equity-based compensation expense 8,371 10,981 9,474 Change in right-of use lease asset 67,673 — — Goodwill impairment 26,862 — — Pension termination (refund)/charge ( 1,900 ) 32,671 — Pension plan contributions — ( 7,000 ) ( 2,000 ) Change in receivables 29,686 7,195 ( 2,801 ) Change in inventories 14,900 3,135 ( 8,009 ) Change in other assets 7,039 ( 7,737 ) ( 3,245 ) Change in payables ( 9,913 ) ( 2,388 ) 6,602 Change in lease liabilities ( 66,238 ) — — Change in other liabilities ( 25,755 ) 14,747 ( 10,088 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 164,242 150,745 115,750 Cash flows from investing activities Proceeds from disposals of assets 11,273 1,941 1,440 Proceeds from insurance 1,080 184 2,087 Capital expenditures ( 46,035 ) ( 48,433 ) ( 36,337 ) Purchases of investments ( 37,477 ) ( 20,698 ) ( 28,593 ) Proceeds from sales of investments 37,244 20,944 22,674 Acquisitions, net of cash acquired ( 6,850 ) ( 76,505 ) ( 16,495 ) Net cash used for investing activities ( 40,765 ) ( 122,567 ) ( 55,224 ) Cash flows from financing activities Net proceeds from credit facility 75,000 — — Payments on debt and finance lease liabilities ( 161 ) ( 223 ) ( 262 ) Payments for debt issuance costs — — ( 231 ) Stock issued for stock and employee benefit plans, net of shares withheld for taxes 3,029 13,901 2,977 Purchases of common stock ( 43,369 ) ( 22,957 ) ( 56,730 ) Dividends paid ( 25,091 ) ( 23,508 ) ( 22,009 ) Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 9,408 ( 32,787 ) ( 76,255 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents ( 1,144 ) ( 475 ) 1,741 Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 131,741 ( 5,084 ) ( 13,988 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 131,787 136,871 150,859 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 263,528 $ 131,787 $ 136,871 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities Capital expenditures included in accounts payable $ 3,528 $ 3,250 $ 5,667 The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 44 Table of Contents LA-Z-BOY INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Common Shares Capital in Excess of Par Value Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Non-Controlling Interests Total At April 29, 2017 $ 48,472 $ 289,632 $ 284,698 $ ( 32,883 ) $ 11,186 $ 601,105 Net income — — 80,866 — 729 81,595 Other comprehensive income — — — 7,684 1,120 8,804 Stock issued for stock and employee benefit plans, net of cancellations and withholding tax 311 4,046 ( 1,380 ) — — 2,977 Purchases of 1,995 shares of common stock ( 1,995 ) ( 4,204 ) ( 50,531 ) — — ( 56,730 ) Stock option and restricted stock expense — 9,474 — — — 9,474 Dividends declared and paid ($0.46/share) — — ( 22,009 ) — — ( 22,009 ) At April 28, 2018 $ 46,788 $ 298,948 $ 291,644 $ ( 25,199 ) $ 13,035 $ 625,216 Net income — — 68,574 — 1,567 70,141 Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — 23,374 ( 134 ) 23,240 Stock issued for stock and employee benefit plans, net of cancellations and withholding tax 919 15,200 ( 2,218 ) — — 13,901 Purchases of 752 shares of common stock ( 752 ) ( 11,961 ) ( 10,244 ) — — ( 22,957 ) Stock option and restricted stock expense — 10,981 — — — 10,981 Cumulative effect adjustment for investments, net of tax — — 1,637 ( 1,637 ) — — Dividends declared and paid ($0.50/share) — — ( 23,508 ) — — ( 23,508 ) Dividends declared not paid ($0.50/share) — — ( 38 ) — — ( 38 ) At April 27, 2019 $ 46,955 $ 313,168 $ 325,847 $ ( 3,462 ) $ 14,468 $ 696,976 Net income — — 77,469 — 1,515 78,984 Other comprehensive income — — — ( 2,943 ) ( 266 ) ( 3,209 ) Stock issued for stock and employee benefit plans, net of cancellations and withholding tax 311 4,453 ( 1,735 ) — — 3,029 Purchases of 1,409 shares of common stock ( 1,409 ) ( 8,097 ) ( 33,863 ) — — ( 43,369 ) Stock option and restricted stock expense — 8,371 — — — 8,371 Cumulative effect adjustment for leases, net of tax (1) — — 574 — — 574 Reclassification of certain income tax effects (2) — — 547 ( 547 ) — — Dividends declared and paid ($0.54/share) — — ( 25,091 ) — — ( 25,091 ) Dividends declared not paid ($0.54/share) — — ( 115 ) — — ( 115 ) Change in noncontrolling interests — 320 — — ( 164 ) 156 At April 25, 2020 $ 45,857 $ 318,215 $ 343,633 $ ( 6,952 ) $ 15,553 $ 716,306 (1) Cumulative effect adjustment of deferred gains on prior sale/leaseback transactions as a result of adopting ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). (2) Income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") to retained earnings due to the adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 45 Table of Contents NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1: Accounting Policies The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of La-Z-Boy Incorporated and its subsidiaries' (individually and collectively, "we," "our," "us," "La-Z-Boy" or the "Company") consolidated financial statements. Our 2020 , 2019 and 2018 fiscal years included 52 weeks. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of La-Z-Boy Incorporated and our majority-owned subsidiaries. The portion of less than wholly-owned subsidiaries is included as non-controlling interest. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated, including any related profit on intercompany sales. At April 25, 2020 , we owned preferred shares of two privately-held companies, and a warrant to purchase common shares of one of the companies, both of which are variable interest entities. We have not consolidated their results in our financial statements because we do not have the power to direct those activities that most significantly impact their economic performance and, therefore, are not the primary beneficiary. Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts or disclosures of assets, liabilities (including contingent liabilities), sales, and expenses at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Equivalents For purposes of the consolidated balance sheet and statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with initial maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash We have cash on deposit with a bank as collateral for certain letters of credit. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") basis for approximately 62 % of our inventories at both April 25, 2020 , and April 27, 2019 . Cost is determined for all other inventories on a first-in, first-out ("FIFO") basis. The LIFO method of accounting is used for our La-Z-Boy U.S. wholesale business inventory and the imported finished goods inventory owned by our Casegoods segment, while the FIFO method is used for the remainder of our inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment Items capitalized, including significant betterments to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Capitalized computer software costs include internal and external costs incurred during the software's development stage. Internal costs relate primarily to employee activities for coding and testing the software under development. Computer software costs are depreciated over three to seven years . All maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred. Depreciation is computed principally using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Disposal and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Retirement or dispositions of long-lived assets are recorded based on carrying value and proceeds received. Any resulting gains or losses are recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses. We review the carrying value of our long-lived assets for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Our assessment of recoverability is based on our best estimates using either quoted 46 market prices or an analysis of the undiscounted projected future cash flows by asset groups in order to determine if there is any indicator of impairment requiring us to further assess the fair value of our long-lived assets. Our asset groups consist of our operating segments in our Upholstery reportable segment, our Casegoods segment, each of our retail stores, our Joybird operating segment, and other corporate assets. Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill We test indefinite-lived intangibles and goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value might be impaired. Indefinite-lived intangible assets include our American Drew trade name and the reacquired right to own and operate La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries® stores we have acquired. Prior to our retail acquisitions, we licensed the exclusive right to own and operate La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries® stores (and to use the associated trademarks and trade name) in those markets to the dealers whose assets we acquired, and we reacquired these rights when we purchased the dealers' other assets. The reacquired right to own and operate La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores are indefinite-lived because our Retailer Agreements are perpetual agreements that have no specific expiration date and no renewal options. A Retailer Agreement remains in effect as long as the independent retailer is not in default under the terms of the agreement. We establish the fair value of our indefinite-lived trade names and reacquired rights based upon the relief from royalty method. Our goodwill relates to the acquisition of La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores, the acquisition of the La-Z-Boy wholesale business in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and the acquisition of Joybird ® , an e-commerce retailer and manufacturer of upholstered furniture. The reporting unit for goodwill arising from retail store acquisitions is our Retail operating segment. We have four geographic regions which are considered components of our Retail operating segment. These four geographic regions are aggregated into one reporting unit for goodwill because they are economically similar, they operate in a consistent manner across the regions, and each store supports and benefits from common research and development projects. Additionally, the goodwill is recoverable from each of the geographic regions working in concert because we can change the composition of the regions to strategically rebalance management and distribution capacity as needed. The reporting unit for goodwill arising from the acquisition of the La-Z-Boy wholesale business in the United Kingdom and Ireland and the acquisition of Joybird is each respective operating segment. The estimated fair value of the reporting units is determined based upon the income approach using discounted future cash flows. In situations where the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment charge would be recorded for the shortfall. Amortizable Intangible Assets We test amortizable intangible assets for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. We have amortizable intangible assets related to the acquisition of the La-Z-Boy wholesale business in the United Kingdom and Ireland, which primarily include acquired customer relationships. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives, which do not exceed 15 years . We also have an amortizable intangible asset for the Joybird ® trade name, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life of eight years . All intangible amortization expense is recorded as a component of SG&A expense. We established the fair value of these amortizable intangible assets based on the multi-period excess earnings method, a variant of the income approach, and also using the relief from royalty method. Investments Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with the net unrealized gains and losses (that are deemed to be temporary) reported as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss). Equity securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in other expense, net. We also hold non-marketable preferred shares of two privately held-start up companies. The fair value of these equity investments is not readily determinable and therefore, we estimate the fair value as costs minus impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments with the same issuer. Realized gains and losses for all investments, charges for other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities, and charges for impairment on our equity investments without readily determinable values are included in determining net income, with related purchase costs based on the first-in, first-out method. We evaluate our available-for-sale debt investments for possible other-than-temporary impairments by reviewing factors such as the extent to which, and length of time, an investment's fair value has been below our cost basis, the issuer's financial condition, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for sufficient time for its market value to recover. For impairments that are other-than-temporary, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment's cost and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made. The fair value of the investment then becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment and it is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. 47 Life Insurance Life insurance policies are recorded at the amount that could be realized under the insurance contract as of the date of our consolidated balance sheet. These assets are classified as other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheet and are used to fund our executive deferred compensation plan and performance compensation retirement plan. The change in cash surrender or contract value is recorded as income or expense, in other expense, net, during each period. Customer Deposits We collect a deposit on a portion of the total merchandise price at the time a customer order is placed in one of our company-owned retail stores, and through our website, www.la-z-boy.com. We record this as a customer deposit, which is included in our accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The balance of the order is paid in full prior to delivery of the product. At the time the customer places an order through www.joybird.com, we collect the entire amount owed and record this as a customer deposit. Revenue Recognition and Related Allowances Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We generate revenues primarily by manufacturing/importing and delivering upholstery and casegoods (wood) furniture products to independent furniture retailers, independently-owned La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores or the end consumer. Each unit of furniture is a separate performance obligation, and we satisfy our performance obligation when control of our product is passed to our customer, which is the point in time that our customers are able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining economic benefit of the goods or services. The majority of our wholesale shipping agreements are freight-on-board shipping point and risk of loss transfers to our customer once the product is out of our control. Accordingly, revenue is recognized for product shipments on third-party carriers at the point in time that our product is loaded onto the third-party container or truck and that container or truck leaves our facility. For our imported products, we recognize revenue at the point in time that legal ownership is transferred, which may not occur until after the goods have passed through U.S. Customs. In all cases, this revenue includes amounts we bill to customers for freight charges, because we have elected to treat shipping activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of our product as a fulfillment cost rather than an additional promised service. Because of this election, we recognize revenue for shipping when control of our product passes to our customer, and the shipping costs are accrued when the freight revenue is recognized. Revenue for product shipments on company-owned trucks is recognized for the product and freight at the point in time that our product is delivered to our customer's location. We recognize revenue for retail sales and online sales to the end consumer through our company-owned retail stores, www.la-z-boy.com or www.joybird.com once the end consumer has taken control of the furniture, at which point legal title has passed to them. This takes place when the product is delivered to the end consumer's home. Home delivery is not a promised service to our customer, and is not a separate performance obligation, because home delivery is a fulfillment activity as the costs are incurred as part of transferring our product to the end consumer. At the time the customer places an order through our company-owned retail stores or www.la-z-boy.com, we collect a deposit on a portion of the total merchandise price. We record this as a customer deposit, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The balance of the order is paid in full prior to delivery of the product. Once the order is taken through our company-owned retail stores or www.la-z-boy.com we recognize a contract asset and a corresponding deferred revenue liability for the difference between the total order and the deposit collected. The contract asset is included in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheet and the deferred revenue is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. At the time the customer places an order through www.joybird.com, we collect the entire amount owed and record this as a customer deposit. Because the entire amount owed is collected at the time of the order, there is no contract asset recorded for Joybird sales. At the time we recognize revenue, we make provisions for estimated refunds, product returns, and warranties, as well as other incentives that we may offer to customers. When estimating our incentives, we utilize either the expected value method or the most likely amount to determine the amount of variable consideration. We use either method depending on which method will provide the best estimate of the variable consideration, and we only include variable consideration when it is probable that there will not be a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Incentives offered to customers include cash discounts, rebates, advertising agreements and other sales incentive programs. Our sales incentives, including cash discounts and rebates, are recorded as a reduction to revenues. Service allowances are for a distinct good or service received from our customer and are recorded as a 48 component of SG&A expense in our consolidated statement of income, and are not recorded as a reduction of revenue and are not considered variable consideration. We use substantial judgment based on the type of variable consideration or service allowance, historical experience and expected sales volume when estimating these provisions. The expected costs associated with our warranties and service allowances are recognized as expense when our products are sold. For sales tax, we elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer, including sales, use, excise, value-added, and franchise taxes (collectively referred to as sales taxes). This allows us to present revenue net of these certain types of taxes. All orders are fulfilled within one year of order date, therefore we do not have any unfulfilled performance obligations. Additionally, we elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component because at contract inception we expect the period between when we transfer our product to our customer and when the customer pays for the product to be one year or less. Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable arise from the sale of products on trade credit terms. On a quarterly basis, we review all significant accounts as to their past due balances, as well as collectability of the outstanding trade accounts receivable for possible write off. It is our policy to write off the accounts receivable against the allowance account when we deem the receivable to be uncollectible. Additionally, we review orders from dealers that are significantly past due, and we ship product only when our ability to collect payment from our customer for the new order is probable. Our allowances for credit losses reflect our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the trade accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historic experience, and other currently available evidence. Cost of Sales Our cost of sales consists primarily of the cost to manufacture or purchase our merchandise, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, in-bound freight costs, outbound shipping costs, as well as warehousing costs, occupancy costs, and depreciation expense related to our manufacturing facilities and equipment. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses include the costs of selling our products and other general and administrative costs. Selling expenses are primarily composed of commissions, advertising, warranty, bad debt expense, and compensation and benefits of employees performing various sales functions. Additionally, the occupancy costs of our retail facilities and the warehousing costs of our regional distribution centers are included as a component of SG&A. Other general and administrative expenses included in SG&A are composed primarily of compensation and benefit costs for administrative employees and other administrative costs. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net is made up primarily of foreign currency exchange net gain/(loss), gain/(loss) on the sale of investments, unrealized gain/(loss) on equity securities, and all components of pension costs other than service costs and the refund/(charge) associated with the termination of our defined benefit pension plan for eligible factory hourly employees in our La-Z-Boy operating unit in fiscal 2019. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense in the periods incurred. Expenditures for research and development costs were $ 10.8 million , $ 9.1 million , and $ 7.9 million for the fiscal years ended April 25, 2020 , April 27, 2019 , and April 28, 2018 , respectively, and are included as a component of SG&A. Advertising Expenses Production costs of commercials, programming and costs of other advertising, promotion and marketing programs are charged to expense in the period in which the commercial or advertisement is first aired or released. Gross advertising expenses were $ 108.3 million , $ 106.4 million , and $ 88.3 million for the fiscal years ended April 25, 2020 , April 27, 2019 , and April 28, 2018 , respectively. 49 A portion of our advertising program is a national advertising campaign. This campaign is a shared advertising program with our dealers' La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores, which reimburse us for about 30 % of the cost of the program (excluding company-owned stores). Because of this shared cost arrangement, the advertising expense is reported as a component of SG&A, while the dealers' reimbursement portion is reported as a component of sales. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In periods when deferred tax assets are recorded, we are required to estimate whether recoverability is more likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of more than 50%), based on, among other things, forecasts of taxable earnings in the related tax jurisdiction. We consider historical and projected future operating results, the eligible carry-forward period, tax law changes, tax planning opportunities, and other relevant considerations when making judgments about realizing the value of our deferred tax assets. We recognize in our consolidated financial statements the benefit of a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. Changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) are recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of our wholesale Canadian and Mexico subsidiaries is the U.S. Dollar. Transaction gains and losses associated with translating our wholesale Canadian and Mexico subsidiaries' assets and liabilities, which are non-U.S. Dollar denominated, are recorded in other expense, net in our consolidated statement of income. The functional currency of each of our other foreign subsidiaries is its respective local currency. Assets and liabilities of those subsidiaries whose functional currency is their local currency are translated at the year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the period, with the corresponding translation effect included as a component of other comprehensive income. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation We estimate the fair value of equity-based awards, including option awards and stock-based awards that vest based on market conditions, on the date of grant using option-pricing models. The value of the portion of the equity-based awards that are ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our consolidated statement of income using a straight-line single-option method. We measure stock-based compensation cost for liability-based awards based on the fair value of the award on the grant date, and recognize it as expense over the vesting period. The liability for these awards is remeasured and adjusted to its fair value at the end of each reporting period until paid. We record compensation cost for stock-based awards that vest based on performance conditions ratably over the vesting periods when the vesting of such awards become probable. Commitments and Contingencies We establish an accrued liability for legal matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. As a litigation matter develops and in conjunction with any outside legal counsel handling the matter, we evaluate on an ongoing basis whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and reasonably estimable. When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrued liability. If, at the time of evaluation, the loss contingency related to a litigation matter is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the matter will continue to be monitored for further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. Once the loss contingency related to a litigation matter is deemed to be both probable and reasonably estimable, we will establish an accrued liability with respect to such loss contingency and record a corresponding amount of litigation-related expense. We continue to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. 50 Insurance/Self-Insurance We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance for a number of risks, including workers' compensation, general liability, vehicle liability and the company-funded portion of employee-related health care benefits. Liabilities associated with these risks are estimated in part by considering historic claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and other assumptions. Our workers' compensation reserve is an undiscounted liability. We have various excess loss coverages for employee-related health care benefits, vehicle liability, product liability, and workers' compensation liabilities. Our deductibles generally do not exceed $ 1.5 million . Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting pronouncement adopted in fiscal 2020 The accounting standards update ("ASU") described in the paragraph below had a significant impact on our accounting policies and our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), requiring lessees to record substantially all operating leases on their balance sheet. Under this standard, the lessee is required to record an asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding liability for the contractual lease payments. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 using a modified retrospective approach. See Note 6, Leases, for further information. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. We adopted the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 with modified retrospective application. The following table summarizes additional ASUs which were adopted in fiscal 2020, but did not have a material impact on our accounting policies or our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. ASU Description ASU 2017-06 Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960), Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and Welfare Benefit Plans (Topic 965): Employee Benefit Plan Master Trust Reporting ASU 2017-12 Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities ASU 2018-02 Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ASU 2018-07 Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting ASU 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements ASU 2018-16 Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted The following table summarizes additional accounting pronouncements which we have not yet adopted, but we believe will not have a material impact on our accounting policies or our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. ASU Description Adoption Date ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Fiscal 2021 ASU 2018-14 Compensation – Retirement benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20): Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans Fiscal 2022 ASU 2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes Fiscal 2022 ASU 2020-01 Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 325, and Topic 815 Fiscal 2022 ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting Fiscal 2021 51 Note 2: Acquisitions We did not complete any acquisitions during the fiscal year ended April 25, 2020 . Acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2019 are described below. Retail acquisitions On August 15, 2018, and September 30, 2018, respectively, we acquired the assets of two independent operators of La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries® stores: one that operated nine stores and two warehouses in Arizona and one that operated one store in Massachusetts, for an aggregate $ 42.8 million , including $ 38.9 million of cash, $ 2.6 million of forgiveness of accounts receivable, and $ 1.3 million of guaranteed future payments. We will pay the guaranteed future payments as they are due, with the last payment being completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2022. These acquisitions are an integral part of our ongoing strategy to grow our company-owned retail business and leverage our integrated retail model where we earn a combined profit on both the wholesale and retail sides of the business. Prior to our retail acquisitions, we licensed the exclusive right to own and operate La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries® stores (and to use the associated trademarks and trade name) in those markets to the dealers whose assets we acquired, and we reacquired these rights when we purchased the dealers' other assets. The reacquired rights are indefinite-lived because our Retailer Agreements are perpetual agreements that have no specific expiration date and no renewal options. A Retailer Agreement remains in effect as long as the independent retailer is not in default under the terms of the agreement. The effective settlement of these arrangements resulted in no settlement gain or loss as the contractual terms were at market. We recorded an indefinite-lived intangible asset of $ 6.6 million related to these reacquired rights. We also recognized $ 32.0 million of goodwill in fiscal 2019 related primarily to synergies we expect from the integration of the acquired stores and future benefits of these synergies. For federal income tax purposes, we will amortize and appropriately deduct all of the indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill assets over 15 years . We based the purchase price allocations on fair values at the dates of acquisition, and summarize them in the following table: (Amounts in thousands) Retail Segment Acquisitions Fair value of consideration: Cash $ 38,904 Forgiveness of accounts receivable 2,610 Guaranteed future payments 1,300 Total fair value of consideration 42,814 Amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Inventory 10,491 Other current assets 4,194 Property, plant and equipment 929 Indefinite-lived reacquired rights 6,600 Other long-term assets 183 Customer deposits ( 6,515 ) Other current liabilities ( 5,055 ) Total identifiable net assets acquired 10,827 Goodwill $ 31,987 All acquired stores were included in our Retail segment results upon acquisition. Joybird acquisition On July 30, 2018, we completed our acquisition of Stitch Industries, Inc. ("Joybird"), an e-commerce retailer and manufacturer of upholstered furniture, for guaranteed cash payments of $ 75 million , which was subject to a working capital adjustment of $ 2.5 million . We received the working capital adjustment during the third quarter of fiscal 2019 from amounts placed in escrow 52 at the time of the closing of the transaction. We acquired Joybird to better position ourselves for growth in the online selling environment and increase our visibility with millennial and Gen X consumers, while simultaneously leveraging our supply chain assets. The guaranteed payments include a closing date cash payment of $ 37.5 million in purchase price consideration (net of the working capital adjustment), $ 7.5 million in prepaid compensation, and the assumption of $ 5.0 million of liabilities that will be paid within two years following the acquisition. The remaining $ 25 million will be paid in five annual installments of $ 5 million on the anniversary date of the acquisition, the first of which was paid in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The merger agreement also includes two future earn-out opportunities based on Joybird’s financial performance in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023. The $ 7.5 million of prepaid compensation relates to the retention of the four Joybird founders, who became our employees, each of whom agreed to forfeit proportional amounts if one or more of them resigns in the two years following the acquisition. We are amortizing the $ 7.5 million to SG&A expense over the two-year retention period on a straight-line basis. As we neared the end of the period for which four founders of Joybird were required to remain with the organization, we separated two of the founders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. We waived our right to recover any compensation from these two founders, as we believe their work and two years of service commitment were substantially fulfilled, and accordingly we accelerated the amortization of the proportional amount of their respective retention agreement. In addition to the guaranteed cash payments of $ 75 million , we recorded a contingent consideration liability on the date of acquisition of $ 7.5 million , which reflects the fair value of the earn-out opportunities as of the date of acquisition. We also recorded a finite-lived intangible asset of $ 6.4 million reflecting the fair value of the acquired Joybird ® trade name, which we are amortizing to SG&A expense on a straight-line basis over its useful life of eight years . The undiscounted range of the contingent consideration is zero to $ 65 million and is based on sales and profitability of Joybird in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023. Subsequent adjustments to the fair value of the contingent consideration will impact SG&A expense in our consolidated statement of income. Goodwill of $ 82.3 million , related to the Joybird acquisition, is primarily related to synergies we expect from the integration of the acquisition and the anticipated future benefits of these synergies. The finite-lived intangible asset and goodwill asset for Joybird are not deductible for federal income tax purposes. We included the Joybird operating segment in our other business activities which we report within our Corporate and Other reportable segment. Refer to Note 7, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, and Note 20, Fair Value Measurements, for further information regarding the fair value of the contingent consideration, goodwill and intangible assets related to Joybird. 53 The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation for Joybird at the date of acquisition: (Amounts in thousands) Joybird Acquisition Fair value of consideration: Cash (paid at closing) $ 37,482 Guaranteed payment 22,489 Acquisition earn-out 7,500 Assumption of liability 5,000 Working capital adjustment ( 2,486 ) Total fair value of consideration 69,985 Amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Inventory 5,258 Other current assets 3,733 Property, plant and equipment 2,057 Finite-lived tradename 6,400 Other long-term assets 3,647 Accounts payable ( 8,222 ) Customer deposits ( 17,365 ) Other current liabilities ( 7,681 ) Other long-term liabilities ( 150 ) Total identifiable net liabilities acquired ( 12,323 ) Goodwill $ 82,308 Note 3: Restricted Cash We have restricted cash on deposit with a bank as collateral for certain letters of credit. All our letters of credit have maturity dates within the next 12 months, but we expect to renew some of these letters of credit when they mature. (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 Cash and cash equivalents $ 261,553 $ 129,819 Restricted cash 1,975 1,968 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 263,528 $ 131,787 Note 4: Inventories (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 Raw materials $ 92,174 $ 90,359 Work in process 14,064 13,728 Finished goods 96,850 114,478 FIFO inventories 203,088 218,565 Excess of FIFO over LIFO ( 21,445 ) ( 21,666 ) Total inventories $ 181,643 $ 196,899 54 Table of Contents Note 5: Property, Plant and Equipment (Amounts in thousands) Estimated Useful Lives 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 Buildings and building fixtures 3 - 40 years $ 233,063 $ 223,505 Machinery and equipment 3 - 15 years 155,776 148,760 Information systems and software 3 - 7 years 90,705 86,400 Furniture and fixtures 3 - 15 years 23,890 22,826 Land improvements 3 - 30 years 17,427 17,454 Transportation equipment 3 - 10 years 15,092 13,598 Land N/A 14,236 14,323 Construction in progress N/A 28,234 20,722 578,423 547,588 Accumulated depreciation ( 363,656 ) ( 347,065 ) Net property, plant and equipment $ 214,767 $ 200,523 Depreciation expense for the fiscal years ended April 25, 2020 , April 27, 2019 , and April 28, 2018 , was $ 30.0 million , $ 27.5 million , and $ 27.5 million , respectively. Note 6: Leases During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and all related amendments. The guidance requires lessees to recognize substantially all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a lease liability. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in an increase in total long-term assets and total liabilities of $ 314.2 million at the beginning of fiscal 2020. The Company leases real estate for retail stores, distribution centers, warehouses, plants, showrooms and office space. We also have equipment leases for tractors/trailers, IT and office equipment and vehicles. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception based on our right to control the use of an identified asset and our right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of that identified asset. Most of our real estate leases include options to renew or terminate early. We assess these options to determine if we are reasonably certain of exercising these options based on all relevant economic and financial factors. Any options that meet these criteria are included in the lease term at lease commencement. Most of our leases do not have an interest rate implicit in the lease. As a result, for purposes of measuring our ROU asset and lease liability, we determine our incremental borrowing rate by applying a spread above the U.S. Treasury borrowing rates. In the case an interest rate is implicit in a lease we will use that rate as the discount rate for that lease. Some of our leases contain variable rent payments based on a Consumer Price Index or percentage of sales. Due to the variable nature of these costs, they are not included in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedients permitted under transition guidance to forgo the restatement of comparative periods and to not reassess leases entered into prior to adoption. In addition, we have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components when determining the ROU asset and lease liability. We have also made an accounting policy election to not recognize an ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for those leases with an initial term of one year or less and instead, such liabilities will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. COVID-19 Impact In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, beginning in April of fiscal 2020, we have secured rent relief from several of our lessors, most often in the form of the deferral of rent payments for one or more months. Under these agreements, certain rent payments will be deferred without penalty and will be paid back over varying periods. In accordance with FASB Staff Q&A - Topic 842 and Topic 840: Accounting for Lease Concessions Related to the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic ("FASB Staff Q&A") issued in April 2020, we have elected to account for lease deferrals resulting directly from COVID-19 as if the enforceable rights and obligations for the deferrals existed in the respective contracts at lease inception and as such we will not account for the deferrals as lease modifications. Guidance from the FASB Staff Q&A provided methods to account for such rent deferrals which include the option to treat the lease as if no changes to the lease contract were made or to treat the deferred 55 Table of Contents payments as variable lease payments. The FASB Staff Q&A allows entities to select the most practical approach and does not require the same approach be applied consistently to all leases. For the majority of our leases, we elected to account for the deferrals as if no changes to the lease contract were made and continued to recognize lease expense, on a straight-line basis, during the deferral period. During April of fiscal 2020, payment deferrals and concessions totaled $ 4.4 million , the majority of which was recorded in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Supplemental balance sheet information pertaining to our leases is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 Operating leases ROU assets $ 318,634 Lease liabilities, short-term 64,363 Lease liabilities, long-term 270,162 Financing leases ROU assets $ 13 Lease liabilities, short-term 13 The ROU assets by segment are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 Upholstery $ 65,668 Casegoods 3,997 Retail 236,719 Corporate & Other 12,263 Total ROU assets $ 318,647 The components of lease cost are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Year Ended April 25, 2020 Operating lease cost $ 76,223 Financing lease cost 166 Short-term lease cost 248 Variable lease cost (1) ( 40 ) Less: Sublease income ( 2,504 ) Total lease cost $ 74,093 (1) Includes deferred payments on select leases in accordance with the FASB Staff Q&A. The following tables present supplemental lease disclosures: Year Ended April 25, 2020 (Amounts in thousands) Operating Leases Financing Leases Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities $ 77,176 $ 165 Lease liabilities arising from new ROU assets 72,061 — 4/25/20 (Amounts in thousands) Operating Leases Financing Leases Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 7.0 0.3 Weighted-average discount rate 3.9 % 3.9 % 56 Table of Contents The following table presents our undiscounted cash flows as of April 25, 2020 , and our minimum contractual obligations on our leases as of April 27, 2019 : 4/25/20 4/27/19 (Amounts in thousands) Operating Leases Financing Leases Operating Leases Financing Leases Within one year $ 75,500 $ 13 $ 76,508 $ 180 After one year and within two years 65,458 — 71,544 19 After two years and within three years 54,870 — 58,763 — After three years and within four years 44,358 — 46,541 — After four years and within five years 37,357 — 36,082 — After five years 101,006 — 102,782 — Total lease payments 378,549 13 $ 392,220 $ 199 Less: Interest 44,024 — Total lease obligations $ 334,525 $ 13 Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We have goodwill on our consolidated balance sheet as follows: Reportable Segment Reporting Unit Related Acquisition Upholstery Segment La-Z-Boy United Kingdom Wholesale business in the United Kingdom and Ireland Retail Segment Retail La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores Corporate & Other Segment Joybird Joybird We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. Due to the economic conditions during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we determined that we could not assess goodwill recoverability qualitatively using the Step 0 approach and deemed it necessary to perform the quantitative Step 1 goodwill impairment test for each applicable reporting unit. In accordance with ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, which we adopted during fiscal 2019, our quantitative goodwill impairment tests were performed by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, recognizing an impairment charge, if necessary, for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The quantitative Step 1 goodwill impairment test requires us to estimate the fair value of each applicable reporting unit. Estimating the fair value of each reporting unit requires management to make significant assumptions and to apply judgment to project future sales based on estimated short and long-term growth rates along with future operating margins. Significant judgment is also involved in selecting the appropriate discount rate to be applied to the projected future cash flows. Changes in these assumptions may affect our fair value estimates and the result of impairment tests in future periods. Specific assumptions used and the results of our annual goodwill impairment tests as of April 25, 2020 were as follows: Upholstery Segment The goodwill associated with our La-Z-Boy United Kingdom reporting unit resides in our Upholstery reportable segment. To estimate the fair value of this reporting unit, we applied the income approach using discounted future cash flows. Sales and operating income projections were based on assumptions driven by the current economic conditions. Other key assumptions used in the quantitative assessment of the reporting units' goodwill were a discount rate of 9.5 % , reflecting a market participant weighted average cost of capital, and a tax rate of 18.0 % , which was specific to the La-Z-Boy United Kingdom reporting unit. Based on our testing, the relative fair value of our La-Z-Boy United Kingdom reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of April 25, 2020 and no impairment was recorded. Retail Segment The goodwill associated with ou r acquisitions of La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores resides in our Retail reportable segment. To estimate the fair value of this reporting unit, we applied the income approach using discounted future cash flows. Sales and operating income projections were based on assumptions driven by the current economic conditions. Due to uncertainty around the future impact of COVID-19, our projections considered various scenarios and we probability-weighted the likelihood of each scenario in determining the reporting unit's fair value. Other key assumptions used in the quantitative assessment of the reporting unit's goodwill were a discount rate of 9.5 % , reflecting a market participant weighted average cost of capital, and a 57 tax rate of 23.5 % , which is specific to the jurisdictions in which our acquired stores operate in. Based on our testing, the relative fair value of our Retail reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of April 25, 2020 and no impairment was recorded. Corporate & Other Segment The goodwill associated with our Joybird reporting unit resides in our Corporate and Other reportable segment. To estimate the fair value of this reporting unit, we applied the income approach using discounted future cash flows. Sales and operating income projections were based on assumptions driven by the current economic conditions. Additionally, we assumed a 2.0 % terminal growth rate for the reporting unit. Financial projections used in the fiscal 2020 impairment test were based on various scenarios and were significantly lower than those used in the fiscal 2019 impairment test due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, integration activities taking longer than anticipated and a slower than anticipated growth rate due to a shifting focus on profitability. Other key assumptions used in the quantitative assessment of the reporting unit's goodwill were a discount rate of 17.5 % , reflecting a market participant weighed average cost of capital assuming Joybird would be sold as a stand-alone business, and a tax rate of 24.3 % , which was specific to the Joybird reporting unit. Based on our testing, the carrying value of the Joybird reporting unit exceeded its relative fair value as of April 25, 2020 , and we recorded a non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of $ 26.9 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 to reduce the carrying value of the goodwill to its fair value. The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill by reportable segment: (Amounts in thousands) Upholstery Segment Retail Segment Corporate and Other Total Goodwill Balance at April 28, 2018 $ 12,967 $ 62,287 $ — $ 75,254 Acquisitions — 31,987 79,616 111,603 Translation adjustment ( 819 ) ( 171 ) — ( 990 ) Balance at April 27, 2019 12,148 94,103 79,616 185,867 Prior period adjustment (1) — — 2,692 2,692 Impairment charge — — ( 26,862 ) ( 26,862 ) Translation adjustment ( 518 ) ( 162 ) — ( 680 ) Balance at April 25, 2020 $ 11,630 $ 93,941 $ 55,446 $ 161,017 (1) Includes $ 3.5 million adjustment made during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, as we determined that both goodwill and the customer deposit liability were understated, partially offset by a $ 0.8 million working capital adjustment made in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The carrying amount of our goodwill could be at risk for future impairment. There continues to be uncertainty surrounding the macroeconomic factors impacting our business, most notably, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a sustained economic downturn, significantly extended recovery, change in the assumed long-term revenue growth or profitability for our respective reporting units, especially Joybird, or change in market participant assumptions such as an increased discount rate, could increase the likelihood of future goodwill impairment charges. We have intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet as follows: Reportable Segment Intangible Asset Useful Life Upholstery segment Primarily acquired customer relationships from our acquisition of the wholesale business in the United Kingdom and Ireland Amortizable over useful lives that do not exceed 15 years Casegoods segment American Drew ® trade name Indefinite-lived Retail segment Reacquired rights to own and operate La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores Indefinite-lived Corporate & Other Joybird ® trade name Amortizable over eight-year useful life We test amortizable intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value might be impaired. Due to the economic conditions during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we tested all intangible assets for impairment based on the multi-period excess earnings method, a variant of the income approach, and also using the relief from royalty method. Sales projections were based on assumptions driven by the current economic conditions. Our testing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 did not indicate impairment of our intangible assets. 58 The following summarizes changes in our intangible assets: (Amounts in thousands) Indefinite-Lived Trade Names Finite-Lived Trade Name Indefinite-Lived Reacquired Rights Other Intangible Assets Total Intangible Assets Balance at April 28, 2018 $ 1,155 $ — $ 13,645 $ 3,390 $ 18,190 Acquisitions — 6,400 6,600 — 13,000 Amortization — ( 599 ) — ( 346 ) ( 945 ) Translation adjustment — — ( 128 ) ( 210 ) ( 338 ) Balance at April 27, 2019 $ 1,155 $ 5,801 $ 20,117 $ 2,834 $ 29,907 Amortization — ( 798 ) — ( 220 ) ( 1,018 ) Translation adjustment — — ( 121 ) ( 115 ) ( 236 ) Balance at April 25, 2020 $ 1,155 $ 5,003 $ 19,996 $ 2,499 $ 28,653 There continues to be uncertainty surrounding the macroeconomic factors impacting our business, most notably, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a sustained economic downturn, significantly extended recovery, or change in the assumed long-term revenue growth rates could increase the likelihood of future intangible asset impairment charges. For our intangible assets recorded as of April 25, 2020 , we estimate annual amortization expense to be $ 1.0 million for each of the five succeeding fiscal years. Note 8: Investments We have current and long-term investments intended to enhance returns on our cash as well as to fund future obligations of our non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan, our executive deferred compensation plan, and our performance compensation retirement plan. Our short-term investments are included in other current assets and our long-term investments are included in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheet. We also hold other investments consisting of cost-basis preferred shares of two privately held start-up companies. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we recognized an impairment of $ 6.0 million , which represents the full cost-basis value of the investment in one of these privately held start-up companies. The impairment loss is recognized in other expense, net on the consolidated statement of income. Refer to Note 20, Fair Value Measurements for further information. The following summarizes our investments: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Short-term investments: Marketable securities $ 18,634 $ 18,016 Held-to-maturity investments 3,337 3,341 Total short-term investments 21,971 21,357 Long-term investments: Marketable securities 19,572 24,085 Cost basis investments 6,479 11,979 Total long-term investments 26,051 36,064 Total investments $ 48,022 $ 57,421 Investments to enhance returns on cash $ 28,622 $ 31,470 Investments to fund compensation/retirement plans 12,921 13,972 Other investments 6,479 11,979 Total investments $ 48,022 $ 57,421 59 The following is a summary of the unrealized gains, unrealized losses, and fair value by investment type: 4/25/20 4/27/19 (Amounts in thousands) Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Equity securities $ 1,011 $ ( 6,390 ) $ 12,692 $ 1,841 $ — $ 19,535 Fixed income 268 ( 56 ) 30,213 75 ( 111 ) 33,217 Other 372 — 5,117 258 ( 13 ) 4,669 Total securities $ 1,651 $ ( 6,446 ) $ 48,022 $ 2,174 $ ( 124 ) $ 57,421 The following table summarizes sales of marketable securities: (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Proceeds from sales $ 36,443 $ 20,944 $ 22,674 Gross realized gains 852 1,152 1,302 Gross realized losses ( 159 ) ( 496 ) ( 532 ) The following is a summary of the fair value of fixed income marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale securities, by contractual maturity: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 Within one year $ 18,684 Within two to five years 8,070 Within six to ten years 1,256 Thereafter 2,203 Total $ 30,213 Note 9: Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Payroll and other compensation $ 34,980 $ 53,374 Accrued product warranty, current portion 14,264 13,892 Customer deposits 40,721 42,787 Deferred revenue 17,086 17,038 Other current liabilities 48,231 46,000 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 155,282 $ 173,091 Note 10: Debt We maintain a revolving credit facility secured primarily by all of our accounts receivable, inventory, and cash deposit and securities accounts. Availability under the agreement fluctuates according to a borrowing base calculated on eligible accounts receivable and inventory. We amended this agreement on December 19, 2017, extending its maturity date to December 19, 2022. The credit agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants that apply under certain circumstances, including a fixed-charge coverage ratio requirement that applies when excess availability under the line is less than certain thresholds. At April 25, 2020 , we had $ 75.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the agreement, which was proactively borrowed to manage liquidity in response to economic conditions resulting from COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of 2020. At April 25, 2020 , we were not subject to the fixed-charge coverage ratio requirement and had excess availability of $ 55.5 million of the $ 150.0 million credit commitment. Excess availability was lower than the total remaining credit commitment primarily due to lower eligible assets as of April 25, 2020 , primarily resulting from lower eligible accounts receivable due to lower sales in the quarter as a result of COVID-19. At April 27, 2019, we were not subject to the fixed-charge coverage ratio requirement, had no borrowings outstanding under the agreement, and had excess availability of $ 148.1 million of the $ 150.0 million credit commitment. 60 Cash paid for interest during fiscal years 2020 , 2019 and 2018 was $ 0.6 million , $ 1.0 million , and $ 0.4 million , respectively. Note 11: Employee Benefits Employee Retirement and Welfare Plans The table below summarizes the total costs associated with our employee retirement and welfare plans. Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 401(k) Retirement Plan $ 9,380 $ 9,128 $ 7,093 Performance Compensation Retirement Plan 1,115 3,084 1,347 Deferred Compensation Plan 719 284 360 Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Retirement Plan (1) 796 805 845 Net Periodic Pension Cost (2) — 35,998 4,205 (1) Primarily related to interest cost. (2) Refer below for breakdown of net periodic pension cost. 401(k) Retirement Plan . Voluntary 401(k) retirement plans are offered to eligible employees within certain U.S. operating units. For most operating units, we make matching contributions based on specific formulas. On January 1, 2019, we increased our matching contributions for eligible employees which resulted in an additional expense of $ 1.7 million in fiscal 2019. As a result of the increased matching contributions, supplemental contributions awarded to eligible employees based on achievement of operating performance targets during fiscal 2019 and 2018 were discontinued. Additionally, on March 29, 2020, we announced a temporary freeze on 401(k) matching contributions as part of our COVID-19 action plan. Performance Compensation Retirement Plan. A performance compensation retirement plan ("PCRP") is maintained for eligible highly compensated employees. The company contributions to the plan are based on achievement of performance targets. Employees vest in these contributions if they achieve certain age and years of service with the Company, and can elect to receive benefit payments over a period ranging between five to twenty years after they leave the Company. Further information related to the plan is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Short-term obligation included in other current liabilities $ 638 $ 530 Long-term obligation included in other long-term liabilities 12,492 12,023 Executive Deferred Compensation Plan. We maintain an executive deferred compensation plan for eligible highly compensated employees. An element of this plan allows contributions for eligible highly compensated employees. Further information related to the plan is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Plan obligation included in other long-term liabilities $ 22,282 $ 23,854 Cash surrender value on life insurance contracts included in other long-term assets (1) 34,562 34,308 Mutual funds held by plan included in other current assets (2) 76 189 (1) Life insurance contracts are related to the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan and the PCRP. (2) Mutual funds are considered trading securities. Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Retirement Plan. We maintain a non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan for certain former salaried employees. We hold available-for-sale marketable securities to fund future obligations of this plan in a Rabbi trust (refer to Note 8, Investments, and Note 20, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on these investments). We are not required to fund the non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan in fiscal 2021 ; however, we have the discretion to make contributions to the Rabbi trust. Further information related to the plan is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Plan obligation included in long-term liabilities $ 16,846 $ 15,549 Discount rate used to determine obligation 2.8 % 3.9 % 61 Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Actuarial loss recognized in AOCI $ 218 $ 190 $ 222 Benefit payments (1) 1,091 1,091 1,091 (1) Benefit payments are scheduled to be between $ 1.0 million and $ 1.1 million annually for the next 10 years. Defined Benefit Pension Plan. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 , we terminated our defined benefit pension plan for eligible factory hourly employees in our La-Z-Boy operating unit. In connection with the plan termination, we settled all future obligations under the plan through a combination of lump-sum payments to eligible participants who elected to receive them, and the transfer of any remaining benefit obligations under the plan to a highly rated insurance company. As a result of these actions, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax pension termination charge of $ 32.7 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 . During the second quarter of fiscal 2020 , we received a pre-tax refund of $ 1.9 million from the insurance company, representing an overpayment of the expected benefit obligations that were settled during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 . Both the initial charge and the refund were recorded as pension termination refund (charge) in our consolidated statement of income. There were no net periodic pension costs associated with the terminated pension plan in the fiscal year ended April 25, 2020 . For the fiscal years ended April 27, 2019 and April 28, 2018 , net periodic pension costs were as follows: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/27/19 4/28/18 Service cost $ 851 $ 1,316 Interest cost 4,464 4,587 Expected return on plan assets ( 4,544 ) ( 4,818 ) Net amortization 2,556 3,120 Pension termination charge 32,671 — Net periodic pension cost $ 35,998 $ 4,205 The components of net periodic pension cost other than the service cost were included in other expense, net in our consolidated statement of income. Service cost was recorded in cost of sales in our consolidated statement of income. Employee Vacation Policy Changes We enacted changes to our employee vacation policies that became effective on January 1, 2019. Our new vacation policies enhanced the amount of vacation time earned by our employees. Additionally, under these vacation policies, our salaried and office hourly employees now accrue vacation in the current calendar year for use in the current calendar year, and any vacation time earned but not used will be forfeited at the end of each calendar year. These changes reduced our salaried and office hourly employee vacation liability and resulted in a one-time non-cash gain of $ 5.1 million in our consolidated statement of income during fiscal 2019 . Of the total $ 5.1 million gain recorded, $ 1.3 million was recorded in cost of sales with the remainder recorded in SG&A expense. Our factory hourly employee vacation policies were only changed to enhance the amount of vacation time earned by our employees, with no change to accrual methodologies, and resulted in $ 1.1 million incremental expense in fiscal 2019 , recorded in cost of sales. Note 12: Product Warranties We accrue an estimated liability for product warranties when we recognize revenue on the sale of warrantied products. We estimate future warranty claims on new sales based on our historical claims experience and any additional anticipated future costs on previously sold products. We incorporate repair costs into our liability estimates, including materials, labor and overhead amounts necessary to perform repairs, and any costs associated with delivering repaired product to our customers. Over 90 % of our warranty liability relates to our Upholstery reportable segment as we generally warrant our products against defects for one year on fabric and leather, from one to ten years on cushions and padding, and provide a limited lifetime warranty on certain mechanisms and frames. Our Upholstery segment warranties cover labor costs relating to our parts for one year. We provide a limited lifetime warranty against defects on a majority of the Joybird products, which are a part of our Corporate and Other results. For all our manufacturer warranties, the warranty period begins when the consumer receives our 62 product. We use considerable judgment in making our estimates, and we record differences between our actual and estimated costs when the differences are known. A reconciliation of the changes in our product warranty liability is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Balance as of the beginning of the year $ 22,736 $ 21,205 Acquisitions (1) — 1,000 Accruals during the year 22,563 22,831 Settlements during the year ( 22,044 ) ( 22,300 ) Balance as of the end of the year (2) $ 23,255 $ 22,736 (1) Acquired warranty liabilities from fiscal 2019 acquisition of Joybird. Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions, for further information on the acquisition. (2) $ 14.3 million and $ 13.9 million recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of April 25, 2020 , and April 27, 2019 , respectively, while the remainder is included in other long-term liabilities. We recorded accruals during the periods presented in the table above, primarily to reflect charges that relate to warranties issued during the respective periods. Note 13: Contingencies and Commitments We have been named as a defendant in various lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business and as a potentially responsible party at certain environmental clean-up sites, the effect of which are not considered significant. Based on a review of all currently known facts and our experience with previous legal and environmental matters, we have recorded expense in respect of probable and reasonably estimable losses arising from legal matters, and we currently do not believe it is probable that we will have any additional loss for legal or environmental matters that would be material to our consolidated financial statements. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories, we generally cannot predict the eventual outcome, timing, or related loss, if any, of pending matters. Note 14: Stock-Based Compensation In fiscal 2018, our shareholders approved the La-Z-Boy Incorporated 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan which provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units (including deferred stock units), unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, and short-term cash incentive awards. Under this plan, as amended, the aggregate number of common shares that may be issued through awards of any form is 5.9 million shares. 63 The table below summarizes the total stock-based compensation expense recognized for all outstanding grants in our consolidated statement of income: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Equity-based awards expense Stock options $ 2,000 $ 3,507 $ 4,180 Restricted stock awards 2,913 2,548 2,196 Restricted stock units 900 704 704 Performance based units 2,558 4,222 2,394 Total equity-based awards expense 8,371 10,981 9,474 Liability-based awards expense Stock appreciation rights ( 240 ) 98 252 Restricted stock units 20 22 87 Performance based units 6 7 ( 28 ) Deferred stock units ( 768 ) 212 94 Total liability-based awards expense ( 982 ) 339 405 Total stock-based compensation expense (1) $ 7,389 $ 11,320 $ 9,879 (1) Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in SG&A expense in the consolidated statement of income. Stock Options. The La-Z-Boy Incorporated 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan authorized grants to certain employees and directors to purchase common shares at a specified price, which may not be less than 100 % of the current market price of the stock at the date of grant. We granted 248,662 stock options to employees during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 , and we also have stock options outstanding from previous grants. We recognize compensation expense for stock options over the vesting period equal to the fair value on the date our Compensation Committee approved the awards. The vesting period for our stock options ranges from one to four years , with accelerated vesting upon retirement. The vesting date for retirement-eligible employees is the later of the date they meet the criteria for retirement or the end of the fiscal year in which the grant was made. We accelerate the expense for options granted to retirement eligible employees over the vesting period, with expense recognized from the grant date through their retirement eligibility date or over the ten months following the grant date, whichever period is longer. Granted options outstanding under the former long-term equity award plan remain in effect and have a term of 10 years . We received $ 4.8 million , $ 16.2 million , and $ 4.4 million in cash during fiscal 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively, for exercises of stock options. Plan activity for stock options under the above plans was as follows: Number of Shares (In Thousands) Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In Thousands) Outstanding at April 27, 2019 1,442 $ 28.09 7.7 $ 6,557 Granted 249 30.24 N/A N/A Canceled ( 61 ) 30.31 N/A N/A Exercised ( 192 ) 25.14 N/A 1,668 Outstanding at April 25, 2020 1,438 28.76 7.2 103 Exercisable at April 25, 2020 671 $ 27.32 6.3 $ 103 The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $ 9.9 million and $ 2.2 million in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 , respectively. As of April 25, 2020 , our total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards was $ 1.4 million , which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average remaining vesting term of all unvested awards of 1.7 years . During the year ended April 25, 2020 , stock options with respect to 0.5 million shares vested. 64 We estimate the fair value of the employee stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions. We estimate expected volatility based on the historical volatility of our common shares. We base the average expected life on the contractual term of the stock option and expected employee exercise trends. We base the risk-free rate on U.S. Treasury issues with a term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of the grant. We estimate forfeiture rates based on our employees' forfeiture history and believe they will approximate future results. The fair value of stock options granted during fiscal 2020 , fiscal 2019 , and fiscal 2018 were calculated using the following assumptions: Fiscal 2020 grant Fiscal 2019 grant Fiscal 2018 grant Risk-free interest rate 2.19 % 2.82 % 1.84 % Dividend rate 1.72 % 1.45 % 1.61 % Expected life in years 5.0 5.0 5.0 Stock price volatility 34.27 % 33.07 % 32.12 % Fair value per share $ 7.94 $ 9.65 $ 7.16 Stock Appreciation Rights ("SARs"). We have not granted any SARs to employees since fiscal 2014, but we have SARs outstanding from the fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2014 grants. All outstanding SARs are fully vested and have a term of ten years . SARs will be paid in cash upon exercise and, accordingly, we account for SARs as liability-based awards that we remeasure to fair value at the end of each reporting period. We have no remaining unrecognized compensation cost at April 25, 2020 , relating to SARs awards as they are all fully vested, but we will continue to remeasure these awards to reflect the fair value at the end of each reporting period until all awards are exercised or forfeited. As of April 25, 2020 , we had 7,149 and 13,869 SARs outstanding for the fiscal 2013 and fiscal 2014 awards, respectively. These awards have exceeded their expected life and are remeasured to fair value based on their intrinsic value, which is the market value of our common stock on the last day of the reporting period less the exercise price, until the earlier of the exercise date or the contractual term date. At April 25, 2020 , the intrinsic value per share of the fiscal 2013 and 2014 awards were $ 9.10 and $ 2.01 , respectively. Restricted Stock . We awarded 167,649 shares of restricted stock to employees during fiscal 2020 . We issue restricted stock at no cost to the employees, and the shares are held in an escrow account until the vesting period ends. If a recipient's employment ends during the escrow period (other than through death or disability), the shares are returned at no cost to the company. We account for restricted stock awards as equity-based awards because when they vest, they will be settled in common shares. The weighted average fair value of the restricted stock that was awarded in fiscal 2020 was $ 30.43 per share, the market value of our common shares on the date of grant. We estimate forfeiture rates based on our employees' forfeiture history and believe they will approximate future results. We recognize compensation expense for restricted stock over the vesting period equal to the fair value on the date our compensation committee approved the awards. Restricted stock awards vest at 25 % per year, beginning one year from the grant date for a term of four years . The following table summarizes information about non-vested share awards as of and for the year ended April 25, 2020 : Shares (In Thousands) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested shares at April 27, 2019 247 $ 29.55 Granted 168 30.43 Vested ( 90 ) 28.50 Canceled ( 32 ) 29.83 Non-vested shares at April 25, 2020 293 $ 30.34 Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares was $ 6.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining contractual term of all unvested awards of 1.8 years . Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock units granted to our non-employee directors are offered at no cost to the directors and vest when a director leaves the board. During fiscal 2020 , fiscal 2019 , and fiscal 2018 we granted less than 0.1 million restricted stock units each year to our non-employee directors. We account for these restricted stock units as equity-based awards because when they vest, they will be settled in shares of our common stock. We measure and recognize compensation expense for these awards based on the market price of our common shares on the date of grant, which was $ 31.77 , $ 33.15 , and $ 23.85 for the awards granted in fiscal 2020 , fiscal 2019 , and fiscal 2018 , respectively. 65 Performance Awards. Under the La-Z-Boy Incorporated 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Compensation Committee of the board of directors is authorized to award common shares to certain employees based on the attainment of certain financial goals over a given performance period. The awards are offered at no cost to the employees. In the event of an employee's termination during the vesting period, the potential right to earn shares under this program is generally forfeited. Payout of these grants depends on our financial performance ( 80 % ) and a market-based condition based on the total return our shareholders receive on their investment in our stock relative to returns earned through investments in other public companies ( 20 % ). The performance award opportunity ranges from 50 % of the employee's target award if minimum performance requirements are met to a maximum of 200 % of the target award based on the attainment of certain financial and shareholder-return goals over a specific performance period, which is generally three fiscal years. The number of awards that will vest, as well as unearned and canceled awards, depend on the achievement of certain financial and shareholder-return goals over the three-year performance periods, and will be settled in shares if service conditions are met, requiring employees to remain employed with the company through the end of the three-year performance periods. The following table summarizes the performance-based shares outstanding at the maximum award amounts based upon the respective performance share agreements: Shares (In Thousands) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Outstanding shares at April 27, 2019 523 $ 28.43 Granted 311 28.68 Vested ( 87 ) 24.79 Unearned or canceled ( 213 ) 28.45 Outstanding shares at April 25, 2020 534 $ 29.21 We account for performance-based shares as equity-based awards because when they vest, they will be settled in common shares. We estimate forfeiture rates based on our employees' forfeiture history and believe they will approximate future results. For shares that vest based on our results relative to the performance goals, we expense as compensation cost the fair value of the shares as of the day we granted the awards recognized over the performance period, taking into account the probability that we will satisfy the performance goals. The fair value of each share of the awards we granted in fiscal 2020 , fiscal 2019 , and fiscal 2018 that vest based on attaining performance goals was $ 28.68 , $ 31.71 , and $ 25.93 , respectively, the market value of our common shares on the date we granted the awards less the dividends we expect to pay before the shares vest. For shares that vest based on market conditions, we use a Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate each share's fair value as of the date of grant. The Monte Carlo valuation model uses multiple simulations to evaluate our probability of achieving various stock price levels to determine our expected performance ranking relative to our peer group. Similar to the way in which we expense the awards of stock options, we expense compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, over the vesting period regardless of whether the market condition is ultimately satisfied. Based on the Monte Carlo model, the fair value as of the grant date of the fiscal 2020 , fiscal 2019 , and fiscal 2018 grants of shares that vest based on market conditions was $ 38.75 , $ 46.39 , and $ 36.24 , respectively. Our unrecognized compensation cost at April 25, 2020 , related to performance-based shares was $ 3.7 million based on the current estimates of the number of awards that will vest, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining contractual term of all unvested awards of 1.3 years . Equity-based compensation expenses related to performance-based shares recognized in our consolidated statement of income were as follows (for the fiscal years ended): Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Fiscal 2016 grant $ — $ — $ 1,052 Fiscal 2017 grant — 1,044 455 Fiscal 2018 grant 611 1,402 887 Fiscal 2019 grant 996 1,776 — Fiscal 2020 grant 951 — — Total expense $ 2,558 $ 4,222 $ 2,394 66 Deferred Stock Units. We account for awards under our deferred stock unit plan for non-employee directors as liability-based awards because upon exercise these awards will be paid in cash. We measure and recognize compensation expense based on the market price of our common stock on the grant date. We remeasure and adjust the liability based on the market value (intrinsic value) of our common shares on the last day of the reporting period until paid with a corresponding adjustment to reflect the cumulative amount of compensation expense. For purposes of dividends and for measuring the liability, each deferred stock unit is the equivalent of one common share. As of April 25, 2020 , we had 0.1 million deferred stock units outstanding. Our liability related to these awards was $ 1.4 million and $ 2.2 million at April 25, 2020 , and April 27, 2019 , respectively, and is included as a component of other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Note 15: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss was as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Translation adjustment Change in fair value of cash flow hedge Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities Net pension amortization and net actuarial loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss Balance at April 29, 2017 $ ( 927 ) $ 74 $ 1,752 $ ( 33,782 ) $ ( 32,883 ) Changes before reclassifications 3,315 164 844 3,257 7,580 Amounts reclassified to net income — ( 208 ) ( 1,420 ) 3,341 1,713 Tax effect — 124 200 ( 1,933 ) ( 1,609 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated 3,315 80 ( 376 ) 4,665 7,684 Balance at April 28, 2018 $ 2,388 $ 154 $ 1,376 $ ( 29,117 ) $ ( 25,199 ) Changes before reclassifications ( 2,338 ) ( 369 ) 330 ( 479 ) ( 2,856 ) Cumulative effect adjustment for investments (1) — — ( 1,637 ) — ( 1,637 ) Amounts reclassified to net income (2) — 280 25 26,553 26,858 Tax effect — 22 ( 88 ) ( 562 ) ( 628 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated ( 2,338 ) ( 67 ) ( 1,370 ) 25,512 21,737 Balance at April 27, 2019 $ 50 $ 87 $ 6 $ ( 3,605 ) $ ( 3,462 ) Changes before reclassifications ( 1,941 ) — 387 ( 1,809 ) ( 3,363 ) Reclassification of certain income tax effects (3) — ( 97 ) 258 ( 708 ) ( 547 ) Amounts reclassified to net income — 14 ( 141 ) 218 91 Tax effect — ( 4 ) ( 61 ) 394 329 Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated ( 1,941 ) ( 87 ) 443 ( 1,905 ) ( 3,490 ) Balance at April 25, 2020 $ ( 1,891 ) $ — $ 449 $ ( 5,510 ) $ ( 6,952 ) (1) The cumulative effect adjustment for investments is composed of $ 2.1 million of unrealized gains on equity investments offset by $ 0.5 million of tax expense. We reclassified the net $ 1.6 million of cumulative effect adjustment from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings as a result of adopting ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10). (2) Includes a net $ 23.8 million charge related to the pension termination that occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019. Of this amount, $ 28.2 million of expense was recorded as pension termination charge and $ 4.4 million of income was recorded in income tax expense in our consolidated statement of income. For further information, refer to Note 11, Employee Benefits. (3) Income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). We reclassified the unrealized gain/(loss) on marketable securities from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income through other expense, net, reclassified the change in fair value of cash flow hedges to net income through cost of sales, and reclassified the net pension amortization to net income through other expense, net. 67 The components of noncontrolling interest were as follows: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Balance as of the beginning of the year $ 14,468 $ 13,035 $ 11,186 Net income 1,515 1,567 729 Other comprehensive income (loss) ( 266 ) ( 134 ) 1,120 Change in noncontrolling interests ( 164 ) — — Balance as of the end of the year $ 15,553 $ 14,468 $ 13,035 Note 16: Revenue Recognition The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by product category and by segment or unit: Year Ended April 25, 2020 (Amounts in thousands) Upholstery Casegoods Retail Corporate and Other Total Motion Upholstery Furniture $ 751,697 $ — $ 355,427 $ — $ 1,107,124 Stationary Upholstery Furniture 347,881 16,146 124,772 102,886 591,685 Bedroom Furniture — 31,195 7,408 6,426 45,029 Dining Room Furniture — 21,944 10,894 1,847 34,685 Occasional Furniture 1,469 42,464 20,069 1,931 65,933 Other (1) 103,212 ( 5,714 ) 79,984 ( 23,998 ) 153,484 Total $ 1,204,259 $ 106,035 $ 598,554 $ 89,092 $ 1,997,940 Eliminations ( 293,958 ) Consolidated Net Sales $ 1,703,982 Year Ended April 27, 2019 (Amounts in thousands) Upholstery Casegoods Retail Corporate and Other Total Motion Upholstery Furniture $ 804,691 $ — $ 350,520 $ — $ 1,155,211 Stationary Upholstery Furniture 367,386 16,631 108,590 77,749 570,356 Bedroom Furniture — 31,465 5,327 5,324 42,116 Dining Room Furniture — 23,073 9,918 1,961 34,952 Occasional Furniture 1,616 49,173 20,354 1,132 72,275 Other (1) 94,549 ( 5,869 ) 75,492 ( 12,154 ) 152,018 Total $ 1,268,242 $ 114,473 $ 570,201 $ 74,012 $ 2,026,928 Eliminations ( 281,527 ) Consolidated Net Sales $ 1,745,401 (1) Primarily includes revenue for delivery, advertising, royalties, parts, accessories, after-treatment products, tariff surcharges, discounts & allowances, rebates and other sales incentives. Motion Upholstery Furniture - Includes gross revenue for upholstered furniture, such as recliners, sofas, loveseats, chairs, sectionals and modulars that have a mechanism that allows the back of the product to recline or the product's footrest to extend. This gross revenue includes sales to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores (including company-owned stores), operators of La-Z-Boy Comfort Studio ® locations, England Custom Comfort Center locations, other major dealers, independent retailers, and the end consumer. 68 Stationary Upholstery Furniture - Includes gross revenue for upholstered furniture, such as sofas, loveseats, chairs, sectionals, modulars, and ottomans that do not have a mechanism. This gross revenue includes sales to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores (including company-owned stores), operators of La-Z-Boy Comfort Studio ® locations, England Custom Comfort Center locations, other major dealers, independent retailers, and the end consumer. Bedroom Furniture - Includes gross revenue for casegoods furniture typically found in a bedroom, such as beds, chests, dressers, nightstands and benches. This gross revenue includes sales to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores (including company-owned stores), independent retailers, and the end consumer. Dining Room Furniture - Includes gross revenue for casegoods furniture typically found in a dining room, such as dining tables, dining chairs, storage units and stools. This gross revenue includes sales to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores (including company-owned stores), independent retailers, and the end consumer. Occasional Furniture - Includes gross revenue for casegoods furniture found throughout the home, such as cocktail tables, chairsides, sofa tables, end tables, and entertainment centers. This gross revenue includes sales to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores (including company-owned stores), independent retailers, and the end consumer. At April 25, 2020 , our consolidated balance sheet includes current assets of $ 17.1 million that we reported as other receivables. These other receivables represent the remaining consideration to which we are entitled prior to fulfilling our performance obligation. At the beginning of fiscal 2020 , we had $ 17.0 million of other receivables. We receive customer deposits from end consumers before we recognize revenue and in some cases we have the unconditional right to collect the remaining portion of the order price before we fulfill our performance obligation, resulting in deferred revenue (collectively, the "contract liabilities"). At April 25, 2020 , we included $ 40.7 million of customer deposits and $ 17.1 million of deferred revenues in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. At the beginning of fiscal 2020, we had $ 42.8 million of customer deposits and $ 17.0 million of deferred revenues. During the fiscal year ended April 25, 2020 , we recognized $ 55.0 million of revenue related to our contract liability balance at April 27, 2019 . We have elected the practical expedient permitted in ASC 606-10-32-18, which allows an entity to recognize the promised amount of consideration without adjusting for the effects of a significant financing component if the contract has a duration of one year or less. As our contracts typically are less than one year in length and do not have significant financing components, we have not adjusted consideration. Note 17: Segment Information Our reportable operating segments are the Upholstery segment, the Casegoods segment and the Retail segment. Upholstery Segment . Our Upholstery segment is our largest business segment and consists primarily of two operating segments: La-Z-Boy, our largest operating segment, and the operating segment for our England subsidiary. The Upholstery segment also includes our international wholesale businesses. We aggregate these operating segments into one reportable segment because they are economically similar and because they meet the other aggregation criteria for determining reportable segments. Our Upholstery segment manufactures and imports upholstered furniture such as recliners and motion furniture, sofas, loveseats, chairs, sectionals, modulars, ottomans and sleeper sofas. The Upholstery segment sells directly to La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores, operators of La-Z-Boy Comfort Studio ® locations and England Custom Comfort Center locations, major dealers, and a wide cross-section of other independent retailers. Casegoods Segment . Our Casegoods segment consists of one operating segment that sells furniture under three brands: American Drew ® , Hammary ® , and Kincaid ® . The Casegoods segment is an importer, marketer, and distributor of casegoods (wood) furniture such as bedroom sets, dining room sets, entertainment centers and occasional pieces, and also manufactures some coordinated upholstered furniture. The Casegoods segment sells directly to major dealers, as well as La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores, and a wide cross-section of other independent retailers. Retail Segment . Our Retail segment consists of one operating segment comprised of our 154 company-owned La-Z-Boy Furniture Galleries ® stores. The Retail segment sells primarily upholstered furniture, in addition to some casegoods and other accessories, to end consumers through these stores. Corporate & Other . Corporate & Other includes the shared costs for corporate functions, including human resources, information technology, finance and legal, in addition to revenue generated through royalty agreements with companies licensed to use the La-Z-Boy ® brand name on various products. We consider our corporate functions to be other business activities and have aggregated them with our other insignificant operating segments including our global trading company in 69 Hong Kong and Joybird, an e-commerce retailer that manufactures upholstered furniture such as sofas, loveseats, chairs, ottomans, sleeper sofas and beds, and also imports casegoods (wood) furniture such as occasional tables and other accessories. Joybird sells to end consumers primarily online through its website, www.joybird.com. None of the operating segments included in Corporate & Other meet the requirements of reportable segments. The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 1, Accounting Policies. We account for intersegment revenue transactions between our segments consistent with independent third-party transactions, that is, at current market prices. As a result, the manufacturing profit related to sales to our Retail segment is included within the appropriate Upholstery or Casegoods segment. Operating income realized on intersegment revenue transactions is therefore generally consistent with the operating income realized on our revenue from independent third-party transactions. Segment operating income is based on profit or loss from operations before interest expense, interest income, other expense, net and income taxes. Identifiable assets are cash and equivalents, notes and accounts receivable, net inventories, net property, plant and equipment, right-of-use lease assets, goodwill and other intangible assets. Our unallocated assets include deferred income taxes, corporate assets (including a portion of cash and equivalents), and various other assets. Sales are attributed to countries on the basis of the customer's location. 70 The following table presents sales and operating income (loss) by segment: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/2019 4/28/2018 Sales Upholstery segment: Sales to external customers $ 941,228 $ 1,016,957 $ 1,010,097 Intersegment sales 263,031 251,285 217,266 Upholstery segment sales 1,204,259 1,268,242 1,227,363 Casegoods segment: Sales to external customers 85,402 95,677 95,919 Intersegment sales 20,633 18,796 15,474 Casegoods segment sales 106,035 114,473 111,393 Retail segment sales 598,554 570,201 474,613 Corporate and Other: Sales to external customers 78,798 62,566 3,318 Intersegment sales 10,294 11,446 9,421 Corporate and Other sales 89,092 74,012 12,739 Eliminations ( 293,958 ) ( 281,527 ) ( 242,161 ) Consolidated sales $ 1,703,982 $ 1,745,401 $ 1,583,947 Operating Income (Loss) Upholstery segment $ 134,691 $ 127,906 $ 130,349 Casegoods segment 7,749 12,589 11,641 Retail segment 48,256 37,922 20,709 Corporate and Other ( 71,934 ) ( 48,743 ) ( 33,330 ) Consolidated operating income 118,762 129,674 129,369 Interest expense ( 1,291 ) ( 1,542 ) ( 538 ) Interest income 2,785 2,103 1,709 Pension termination refund (charge) 1,900 ( 32,671 ) — Other expense, net ( 6,983 ) ( 2,237 ) ( 1,650 ) Income before income taxes $ 115,173 $ 95,327 $ 128,890 71 The following tables present additional financial information by segment and location. Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Depreciation and Amortization Upholstery segment $ 16,398 $ 16,122 $ 15,823 Casegoods segment 1,214 1,143 993 Retail segment 4,271 4,007 3,758 Corporate and Other 9,309 9,875 11,193 Consolidated depreciation and amortization $ 31,192 $ 31,147 $ 31,767 Capital Expenditures Upholstery segment $ 35,850 $ 37,114 $ 30,049 Casegoods segment 752 1,949 711 Retail segment 7,597 4,604 3,377 Corporate and Other 1,836 4,766 2,200 Consolidated capital expenditures $ 46,035 $ 48,433 $ 36,337 Sales by Country United States 89 % 89 % 87 % Canada 6 % 6 % 7 % Other 5 % 5 % 6 % Total 100 % 100 % 100 % (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Assets Upholstery segment $ 479,744 $ 398,469 Casegoods segment 51,551 55,295 Retail segment 495,970 210,863 Unallocated assets 407,624 395,163 Consolidated assets $ 1,434,889 $ 1,059,790 Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Location Domestic $ 662,623 $ 389,892 International 48,852 27,529 Consolidated long-lived assets $ 711,475 $ 417,421 Note 18: Income Taxes Income before income taxes consists of the following: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 United States $ 102,125 $ 73,058 $ 111,516 Foreign 13,048 22,269 17,374 Total $ 115,173 $ 95,327 $ 128,890 72 Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following components: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Federal Current $ 25,026 $ 17,629 $ 21,206 Deferred 1,440 ( 2,649 ) 16,401 State Current 7,901 6,199 4,886 Deferred ( 1,409 ) ( 933 ) 1,075 Foreign Current 3,025 4,919 3,820 Deferred 206 21 ( 93 ) Total income tax expense $ 36,189 $ 25,186 $ 47,295 Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal income tax rate for the following reasons: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (% of income before income taxes) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Statutory tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 30.4 % Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from: Remeasurement of deferred taxes for changes in statutory U.S. tax rate — % ( 0.2 )% 7.8 % State income taxes, net of federal benefit 4.2 % 4.1 % 3.3 % Tax effect of defined benefit pension plan termination — % 2.7 % — % U.S. manufacturing benefit — % — % ( 1.5 )% Change in valuation allowance 0.7 % 0.6 % ( 0.3 )% U.S. research tax credits ( 0.6 )% ( 0.8 )% ( 1.9 )% Non-deductible asset impairment 4.9 % — % — % Fair value adjustment of contingent liability ( 1.4 )% — % — % Tax on undistributed foreign earnings 1.1 % — % — % Miscellaneous items 1.5 % ( 1.0 )% ( 1.1 )% Effective tax rate 31.4 % 26.4 % 36.7 % For our Canada, Mexico, and United Kingdom foreign operating units, we permanently reinvest the earnings and consequently do not record a deferred tax liability relative to the undistributed earnings. We have reinvested approximately $ 41.2 million of the earnings. After enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017, the potential deferred tax attributable to these earnings would be approximately $ 1.3 million , primarily related to foreign withholding taxes and state income taxes. The Company changed its permanent reinvestment position on undistributed earnings for its Thailand foreign operating units and provided for deferred tax attributable to those earnings of approximately $ 1.3 million in fiscal 2020. 73 The primary components of our deferred tax assets and (liabilities) were as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 Assets Leases $ 81,537 $ — Deferred and other compensation 20,821 19,603 State income tax—net operating losses, credits and other 5,536 5,346 Warranty 5,797 5,707 Rent — 2,714 Workers' compensation 2,567 2,525 Bad debt 2,061 — Employee benefits 3,441 1,479 Federal net operating losses, credits 1,663 2,032 Pension — 91 Other 2,354 2,250 Valuation allowance ( 2,137 ) ( 2,312 ) Total deferred tax assets 123,640 39,435 Liabilities Right of use lease assets ( 77,479 ) — Property, plant and equipment ( 14,893 ) ( 10,523 ) Inventory ( 827 ) ( 1,615 ) Goodwill and other intangibles ( 8,286 ) ( 6,627 ) Tax on undistributed foreign earnings ( 1,316 ) — Net deferred tax assets $ 20,839 $ 20,670 The deferred tax assets associated with loss carry forwards and the related expiration dates are as follows: (Amounts in thousands) Amount Expiration Federal net operating losses $ 1,663 Fiscal 2034 - 2038 Various U.S. state net operating losses (excluding federal tax effect) 3,892 Fiscal 2020 - 2038 Foreign capital losses 17 Indefinite We evaluate our deferred taxes to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Accounting standards require that we assess whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a "more likely than not" standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively verified. The evaluation of the amount of net deferred tax assets expected to be realized necessarily involves forecasting the amount of taxable income that will be generated in future years. We have forecasted future results using estimates management believes to be reasonable. We based these estimates on objective evidence such as expected trends resulting from certain leading economic indicators. Based upon our net deferred tax asset position at April 25, 2020 , we estimate that about $ 65.5 million of future taxable income would need to be generated to fully recover our net deferred tax assets. The realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent on future events. Actual results inevitably will vary from management's forecasts which may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly resulting in a sustained economic downturn, or significantly extended economic recovery. Such variances could result in adjustments to the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in future periods, and such adjustments could be material to the financial statements. During fiscal 2020 , we recorded a $ 0.2 million decrease in our valuation allowance for deferred tax assets that are now considered more likely than not to be realized. This determination was primarily due to state net operating losses and the limitations on the realization of deferred tax assets related to executive compensation. 74 A summary of the valuation allowance by jurisdiction is as follows: (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/2020 4/27/19 Change U.S. Federal $ 1,172 $ 586 $ 586 U.S. State 948 1,709 ( 761 ) Foreign 17 17 — Total $ 2,137 $ 2,312 $ ( 175 ) The remaining valuation allowance of $ 2.1 million primarily related to certain U.S. federal, state and foreign deferred tax assets. The U.S. federal deferred taxes are primarily due to limitations on the realization of deferred taxes related to executive compensation. The U.S. state deferred taxes are primarily related to state net operating losses. As of April 25, 2020 , we had a gross unrecognized tax benefit of $ 1.0 million related to uncertain tax positions in various jurisdictions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of these unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Balance at the beginning of the period $ 1,069 $ 1,014 $ 620 Additions: Positions taken during the current year 174 187 464 Positions taken during the prior year 106 — 25 Reductions: Positions taken during the prior year — ( 36 ) — Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities ( 211 ) — — Reductions resulting from the lapse of the statute of limitations ( 108 ) ( 96 ) ( 95 ) Balance at the end of the period $ 1,030 $ 1,069 $ 1,014 We recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. We had approximately $ 0.3 million accrued for interest and penalties as of both April 25, 2020 , and April 27, 2019 . If recognized, $ 0.9 million of the total $ 1.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits would decrease our effective tax rate. We do not expect that the net liability for uncertain income tax positions will significantly change within the next 12 months. The remaining balance will be settled or released as tax audits are effectively settled, statutes of limitation expire, or other new information becomes available. Our U.S. federal income tax returns for fiscal years 2017 and subsequent are still subject to audit. The audit of our U.S. federal income tax return for fiscal year 2016 was closed in fiscal 2020 with no material adjustments. In addition, we conduct business in various states. The major states in which we conduct business are subject to audit for fiscal years 2016 and subsequent. Our foreign operations are subject to audit for fiscal years 2011 and subsequent. Cash paid for taxes (net of refunds received) during the fiscal years ended April 25, 2020 , April 27, 2019 , and April 28, 2018 , was $ 24.7 million , $ 23.8 million , and $ 37.1 million , respectively. Note 19: Earnings per Share Certain share-based compensation awards that entitle their holders to receive non-forfeitable dividends prior to vesting are considered participating securities. Prior to fiscal 2019, we granted restricted stock awards that contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends on unvested shares, and we are required to include these participating securities in calculating our basic earnings per common share, using the two-class method. The restricted stock awards we granted in fiscal 2020 and 2019 do not have non-forfeitable rights to dividends and therefore are not considered participating securities. The dividends on the restricted stock awards granted in fiscal 2020 and 2019 are, and will continue to be, held in escrow until the stock awards vest at which time we will pay any accumulated dividends. 75 The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in our computations of basic and diluted earnings per share: Fiscal Year Ended (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (52 weeks) (Amounts in thousands) 4/25/20 4/27/19 4/28/18 Numerator (basic and diluted): Net income attributable to La-Z-Boy Incorporated $ 77,469 $ 68,574 $ 80,866 Income allocated to participating securities ( 117 ) ( 225 ) ( 407 ) Net income available to common Shareholders $ 77,352 $ 68,349 $ 80,459 Denominator: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 46,399 46,828 47,621 Add: Contingent common shares 211 242 211 Stock option dilution 126 263 303 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 46,736 47,333 48,135 Earnings per Share: Basic $ 1.67 $ 1.46 $ 1.69 Diluted $ 1.66 $ 1.44 $ 1.67 The values for contingent common shares set forth above reflect the dilutive effect of common shares that we would have issued to employees under the terms of performance-based share awards if the relevant performance period for the award had been the reporting period. We had outstanding options to purchase 0.3 million shares for the year ended April 25, 2020 , with a weighted average exercise price of $ 33.15 . We excluded the effect of these options from our diluted share calculation since the weighted average exercise price of the options was higher than the average market price, and including the options' effect would have been anti-dilutive. Similarly, we excluded options to purchase 0.4 million shares from the diluted share calculation for the year ended April 27, 2019 . We did not exclude any outstanding options from the diluted share calculation for the fiscal year ended April 28, 2018 . Note 20: Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards require that we put financial assets and liabilities into one of three categories based on the inputs we use to value them: • Level 1 — Financial assets and liabilities the values of which are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market that we have the ability to access. • Level 2 — Financial assets and liabilities the values of which are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or on model inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. • Level 3 — Financial assets and liabilities the values of which are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Accounting standards require that in making fair value measurements, we use observable market data when available. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, we categorize the fair value measurement as being in the lowest level that is significant to the measurement. We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which they occur. In addition to assets and liabilities that we record at fair value on a recurring basis, we are required to record assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. We measure non-financial assets such as other intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-lived assets at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment, and we record them at fair value only when we recognize an impairment loss. 76 The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets we measured at fair value on a recurring basis at April 25, 2020 , and April 27, 2019 . There were no transfers into or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for any of the periods presented. At April 25, 2020 Fair Value Measurements (Amounts in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV(1) Total Assets Marketable securities $ — $ 31,691 $ — $ 6,515 $ 38,206 Held-to-maturity investments 3,337 — — — 3,337 Cost basis investments — — 6,479 — 6,479 Total assets $ 3,337 $ 31,691 $ 6,479 $ 6,515 $ 48,022 At April 27, 2019 Fair Value Measurements (Amounts in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV(1) Total Assets Marketable securities $ 5 $ 34,390 $ — $ 7,706 $ 42,101 Held-to-maturity investments 3,341 — — — 3,341 Cost basis investment — — 11,979 — 11,979 Total assets $ 3,346 $ 34,390 $ 11,979 $ 7,706 $ 57,421 Liabilities Contingent consideration liability $ — $ — $ 7,900 $ — $ 7,900 (1) Certain marketable securities investments are measured at fair value using net asset value per share under the practical expedient methodology. At April 25, 2020 and April 27, 2019 , we held marketable securities intended to enhance returns on our cash and to fund future obligations of our non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan, as well as marketable securities to fund future obligations of our executive deferred compensation plan and our performance compensation retirement plan. We also held other fixed income and cost basis investments. The fair value measurements for our Level 1 and Level 2 securities are based on quoted prices in active markets, as well as through broker quotes and independent valuation providers, multiplied by the number of shares owned exclusive of any transaction costs. Our Level 3 assets included non-marketable preferred shares of two privately held start-up companies, and a warrant to purchase common shares of one of these privately held start-up companies. The fair value for our Level 3 investments is not readily determinable so we estimate the fair value as costs minus impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments with the same issuer. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we invested an additional $ 0.5 million in one of these privately held start-up companies. Subsequently and during the third quarter of fiscal 2020, with respect to the same investee, we recorded an impairment charge of $ 6.0 million to other expense, net in the consolidated statement of income for the full carrying value as it was determined the value of the investment was not recoverable. For non-marketable equity investments, the measurement of fair value requires significant judgment and includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of identified events or circumstances that impact the fair value of the investment. Among other factors, we assessed the investee’s ability to meet business milestones, its financial condition and near-term prospects (including the rate at which the investee was using its cash), the investee’s need for possible additional funding at a lower valuation, and the competitive environment in which the investee operates its business. Our Level 3 liabilities included our contingent consideration liability from the Joybird acquisition. We estimated the fair value of the Joybird contingent consideration liability based on future revenues and earnings in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023. The fair value was determined using a variation of the income approach, known as the real options method, whereby revenue and earnings were simulated over the earn-out periods in a risk-neutral framework using Geometric Brownian Motion. For each simulation path, the potential earn-out payments were calculated based on management’s probability estimates for achievement 77 of the revenue and earnings milestones and then were discounted to the valuation date using a discount rate of 4.2 % for the fiscal 2021 milestone and 4.7 % for the fiscal 2023 milestone. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, in connection with our annual impairment testing, we reduced the fair value of the contingent consideration liability by its full carrying value of $ 7.9 million , as we no longer expect any additional consideration amounts will be owed related to the acquisition of Joybird based on our most recent financial projections and the terms of the earnout agreement. Consistent with our goodwill impairment testing, the estimated revenues and earnings projections for Joybird used in our fair value assessment at the end of fiscal 2020 were lower than those used in prior periods due to integration activities taking longer than anticipated, a slower than anticipated growth rate due to a shifting focus on profitability, and most notably, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduction in fair value was recorded to SG&A in the consolidated statement of income. The following table is a reconciliation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value using significant unobservable inputs: (Amounts in thousands) Assets Liabilities Balance at April 28, 2018 $ 10,954 $ 344 Purchases 1,025 — Acquisitions — 7,500 Write-up, net — 74 Translation adjustment — ( 18 ) Balance at April 27, 2019 11,979 7,900 Purchases 500 — Write-off ( 6,000 ) ( 7,900 ) Balance at April 25, 2020 $ 6,479 $ — Note 21: Subsequent Events On June 4, 2020, we announced a continuation of the Company's COVID-19 action plan. Effective as of June 4, 2020, the Company reduce its global workforce by about 10 % , or approximately 850 employees, across its manufacturing, retail and corporate locations, including the closure of its Newton, Mississippi upholstery manufacturing facility. Production from the Newton facility will be shifted to available capacity at the company’s Dayton, Tennessee, Neosho, Missouri, and Siloam Springs, Arkansas plants. The Newton facility employs about 300 people, accounts for approximately 10 % of the La-Z-Boy branded business total upholstery production, and manufactures La-Z-Boy recliners, motion sofas and classics (high-leg recliners). The Newton-based integrated internal supply functions will remain in operation. Approximately 170 individuals work across these areas and will remain with the company. We expect to incur approximately $ 5 million to $ 7 million in fiscal 2021 of one-time pre-tax charges related to these initiatives, the majority of which will be realized in the first quarter. 78 Table of Contents ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. None.