Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. 10-Q

Item 1. Financial Statements Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets As of March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023* (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Assets Cash and due from banks $ 597,394 $ 582,540 Certificates of deposit with other banks 250 250 Investment securities available-for-sale 1,120,622 1,126,160 Loans held for sale 310,749 387,037 Loans and leases held for investment (includes $ 379,222 and $ 388,036 measured at fair value, respectively) 8,912,561 8,633,847 Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases ( 139,041 ) ( 125,840 ) Net loans and leases 8,773,520 8,508,007 Premises and equipment, net 258,071 257,881 Foreclosed assets 8,561 6,481 Servicing assets (includes $ 48,962 and $ 48,186 measured at fair value, respectively) 49,343 48,591 Other assets 387,059 354,476 Total assets $ 11,505,569 $ 11,271,423 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Liabilities Deposits: Noninterest-bearing $ 226,668 $ 259,270 Interest-bearing 10,156,693 10,015,749 Total deposits 10,383,361 10,275,019 Borrowings 120,242 23,354 Other liabilities 74,248 70,384 Total liabilities 10,577,851 10,368,757 Shareholders’ equity Preferred stock, no par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 — — Class A common stock, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 44,938,673 and 44,617,673 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively 349,648 344,568 Class B common stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 — — Retained earnings 669,307 642,817 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 91,237 ) ( 84,719 ) Total shareholders’ equity 927,718 902,666 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 11,505,569 $ 11,271,423 * Derived from audited consolidated financial statements. See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Interest income Loans and fees on loans $ 176,010 $ 139,052 Investment securities, taxable 8,954 7,547 Other interest earning assets 7,456 4,817 Total interest income 192,420 151,416 Interest expense Deposits 101,998 67,595 Borrowings 311 1,804 Total interest expense 102,309 69,399 Net interest income 90,111 82,017 Provision for loan and lease credit losses 16,364 19,021 Net interest income after provision for loan and lease credit losses 73,747 62,996 Noninterest income Loan servicing revenue 7,624 6,380 Loan servicing asset revaluation ( 2,744 ) 356 Net gains on sales of loans 11,502 10,175 Net loss on loans accounted for under the fair value option ( 219 ) ( 4,529 ) Equity method investments (loss) income ( 5,022 ) ( 2,952 ) Equity security investments (losses) gains, net ( 529 ) 77 Lease income 2,453 2,535 Management fee income 3,271 3,472 Other noninterest income 9,761 4,065 Total noninterest income 26,097 19,579 Noninterest expense Salaries and employee benefits 47,275 44,765 Travel expense 2,438 2,411 Professional services expense 1,878 927 Advertising and marketing expense 3,692 3,603 Occupancy expense 2,247 1,925 Technology expense 7,723 7,729 Equipment expense 3,074 3,818 Other loan origination and maintenance expense 3,911 3,927 Renewable energy tax credit investment (recovery) impairment ( 927 ) 69 FDIC insurance 3,200 3,403 Other expense 3,226 6,385 Total noninterest expense 77,737 78,962 Income before taxes 22,107 3,613 Income tax (benefit) expense ( 5,479 ) 3,215 Net income $ 27,586 $ 398 Basic earnings per share $ 0.62 $ 0.01 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.60 $ 0.01 See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 2 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Net income $ 27,586 $ 398 Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax: Net unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities available-for-sale during the period ( 8,576 ) 10,432 Reclassification adjustment for gain on sale of securities available-for-sale included in net income — — Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax ( 8,576 ) 10,432 Income tax benefit (expense) 2,058 ( 2,509 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax ( 6,518 ) 7,923 Total comprehensive income $ 21,068 $ 8,321 See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 3 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended Common stock Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Total equity Shares Amount Class A Class B Balance at December 31, 2023 44,617,673 — $ 344,568 $ 642,817 $ ( 84,719 ) $ 902,666 Net income — — — 27,586 — 27,586 Other comprehensive loss — — — — ( 6,518 ) ( 6,518 ) Issuance of restricted stock 123,670 — — — — — Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock and other — — ( 3,057 ) — — ( 3,057 ) Employee stock purchase program 18,485 — 702 — — 702 Stock option exercises 178,845 — 1,129 — — 1,129 Restricted stock compensation expense — — 6,306 — — 6,306 Transfer from retained earnings to other assets for pro rata portion of equity method investee stock compensation expense — — — 249 — 249 Cash dividends ($ 0.03 per share) — — — ( 1,345 ) — ( 1,345 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 44,938,673 — $ 349,648 $ 669,307 $ ( 91,237 ) $ 927,718 Balance at December 31, 2022 44,061,244 — $ 330,854 $ 572,497 $ ( 92,318 ) $ 811,033 Net income — — — 398 — 398 Other comprehensive income — — — — 7,923 7,923 Issuance of restricted stock 162,874 — — — — — Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock and other — — ( 3,353 ) — — ( 3,353 ) Employee stock purchase program 31,059 — 631 — — 631 Stock option exercises 35,663 — 367 — — 367 Stock option compensation expense — — 133 — — 133 Restricted stock compensation expense — — 6,040 — — 6,040 Adoption of ASU 2022-02 — 676 — 676 Transfer from retained earnings to other assets for pro rata portion of equity method investee stock compensation expense — — — 286 — 286 Cash dividends ($ 0.03 per share) — — — ( 1,327 ) — ( 1,327 ) Balance at March 31, 2023 44,290,840 — $ 334,672 $ 572,530 $ ( 84,395 ) $ 822,807 4 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities Net income $ 27,586 $ 398 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 4,981 5,193 Provision for loan and lease credit losses 16,364 19,021 (Accretion) amortization of (discount) premium on securities, net ( 355 ) 171 Deferred tax benefit ( 6,888 ) ( 5,541 ) Originations of loans held for sale ( 203,956 ) ( 191,466 ) Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 258,708 317,579 Net gains on sale of loans held for sale ( 11,502 ) ( 10,175 ) Net loss on loans accounted for under fair value option 219 4,529 Net change in servicing assets ( 752 ) ( 3,034 ) Net (gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment ( 4 ) 402 Equity method investments loss (income) 5,022 2,952 Equity security investments losses (gains), net 529 ( 77 ) (Gain) loss on equity warrant assets ( 5,662 ) — Renewable energy tax credit investment (recovery) impairment ( 927 ) 69 Stock option compensation expense — 133 Restricted stock compensation expense 6,306 6,040 Stock based compensation excess tax benefit (deficiency) 889 ( 411 ) Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net ( 11 ) ( 17 ) Changes in assets and liabilities: Other assets 301 6,593 Other liabilities 45 6,097 Net cash provided by operating activities 90,893 158,456 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale ( 46,176 ) ( 146,030 ) Proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal paydown of investment securities available-for-sale 43,493 21,319 Loan and lease originations and principal collections, net ( 251,138 ) ( 455,742 ) Purchases of equity security investments ( 3,279 ) ( 875 ) Purchases of equity method investments ( 1,435 ) ( 1,121 ) Proceeds from sale of equity security investment 535 — Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment 978 — Purchases of premises and equipment, net ( 21,676 ) ( 10,405 ) Net cash used by investing activities ( 278,698 ) ( 592,854 ) See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 5 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued) For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Cash flows from financing activities Net increase in deposits $ 108,342 $ 537,066 Proceeds from borrowings 99,414 2,156,020 Repayment of borrowings ( 2,526 ) ( 2,208,456 ) Stock option exercises 1,129 367 Employee stock purchase program 702 631 Withholding cash issued in lieu of restricted stock and other ( 3,057 ) ( 3,353 ) Shareholder dividend distributions ( 1,345 ) ( 1,327 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 202,659 480,948 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 14,854 46,550 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning 582,540 416,636 Cash and cash equivalents, ending $ 597,394 $ 463,186 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Interest paid $ 102,644 $ 69,027 Income tax paid, net 1,928 182 Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities Unrealized holding (losses) gains on investment securities available-for-sale, net of taxes $ ( 6,518 ) $ 7,923 Transfers from loans and leases to foreclosed real estate and other repossessions or SBA receivable 2,080 7,115 Transfer from premises and equipment, net to other assets 18,540 — Transfer of loans held for sale to loans and leases held for investment 94,384 35,742 Transfer of loans and leases held for investment to loans held for sale 63,508 139,883 Transfer from retained earnings to other assets for pro rata portion of equity method investee stock compensation expense 249 286 Accrued premises and equipment additions 2,971 — Equity method investment commitments 1,008 7,721 Equity security investment commitments — 500 See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 6 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Basis of Presentation Nature of Operations Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries including Live Oak Banking Company, the “Company”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina incorporated under the laws of the State of North Carolina in December 2008. The Company conducts business operations primarily through its commercial bank subsidiary, Live Oak Banking Company (the “Bank”). The Bank was organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of North Carolina on February 25, 2008 and commenced operations on May 12, 2008. The Bank specializes in providing lending and deposit related services to small businesses nationwide. A significant portion of the loans originated by the Bank are guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) under the 7(a) Loan Program and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s ( “ USDA”) Rural Energy for America Program (“REAP”), Water and Environmental Program (“WEP”), Business & Industry ( “ B&I”) and Community Facilities loan programs. These loans are to small businesses and professionals with what the Bank believes are lower risk characteristics. Industries, or “verticals,” on which the Bank focuses its lending efforts are carefully selected. The Bank also lends more broadly to select borrowers outside of those verticals. The Company’s wholly owned material subsidiaries are the Bank, Government Loan Solutions, Inc. (“GLS”), Live Oak Grove, LLC (“Grove”), Live Oak Ventures, Inc. (“Live Oak Ventures”), and Canapi Advisors, LLC (“Canapi Advisors”). GLS is a management and technology consulting firm that advises and offers solutions and services to participants in the government guaranteed lending sector. GLS primarily provides services in connection with the settlement, accounting, and securitization processes for government guaranteed loans, including loans originated under the SBA 7(a) loan programs and USDA guaranteed loans. The Grove provides Company employees and business visitors with on-site dining. Live Oak Ventures’ purpose is investing in businesses that align with the Company's strategic initiative to be a leader in financial technology. Canapi Advisors provides investment advisory services to a series of funds focused on providing venture capital to new and emerging financial technology companies. The Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries are Live Oak Number One, Inc., Live Oak Clean Energy Financing LLC (“LOCEF”), Live Oak Private Wealth, LLC (“Live Oak Private Wealth”) and Tiburon Land Holdings, LLC (“TLH”). Live Oak Number One, Inc. holds properties foreclosed on by the Bank. LOCEF provides financing to entities for renewable energy applications. Live Oak Private Wealth provides high-net-worth individuals and families with strategic wealth and investment management services. TLH holds land adjacent to the Bank's headquarters consisting of wetlands and other protected property for the use and enjoyment of the Bank's employees and customers. The Company generates revenue primarily from net interest income and secondarily through the origination and sale of government guaranteed loans. Income from the retention of loans is comprised principally of interest income. Income from the sale of loans is comprised of loan servicing revenue and revaluation of related servicing rights along with net gains on sales of loans. Offsetting these revenues are the cost of funding sources, provision for loan and lease credit losses, any costs related to foreclosed assets and other operating costs such as salaries and employee benefits, travel, professional services, advertising and marketing and tax expense. The Company also has less routinely generated gains and losses arising from its financial technology investments predominantly in its fintech segment. 7 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements General In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included, and all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission ( “ SEC ” ) on February 22, 2024 (SEC File No. 001-37497) (the “ 2023 Form 10-K ” ). A summary description of the significant accounting policies followed by the Company is set forth in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes in the Company's 2023 Form 10-K. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States ( “ U.S. ” ) generally accepted accounting principles ( “ GAAP ” ) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Amounts in all tables in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been presented in thousands, except percentage, time period, share and per share data or where otherwise indicated. Business Segments Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Management has determined that the Company has two reportable operating segments: Banking and Fintech, as discussed more fully in Note 12. Segments. Changes in Accounting Estimates During the third quarter of 2023, the Company changed the valuation techniques used to estimate the fair value of servicing rights and loans measured at fair value as a result of rising interest rates and their impacts on market conditions. The changes include aligning our net servicing income and loan fair value estimates with changes in forward interest rate curves. Loan fair value estimates were also revised to utilize market participant credit loss information. These revisions provide estimates that the Company believes are more representative of fair value while transitioning from unobservable inputs to those that are more observable. These estimate changes were implemented as of July 1, 2023 and resulted in one-time adjustments to increase the estimated value of the servicing asset by $ 13.7 million and loans measured at fair value by $ 1.3 million. This adjustment also increased noninterest income by a corresponding $ 15.0 million. These refinements have been accounted for as changes in accounting estimates under Financial Accounting Standards Board ( “ FASB ” ) Accounting Standards Codification ( “ ASC ” ) 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections , with prospective application beginning in the period of change. Long-Lived Asset Reclassified to Held for Sale During the first quarter of 2024, the Company determined that retention of an idle building and accompanying land adjacent to its main campus was not best suited to serve future expansion plans. As a result of this determination, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a third party with expected total proceeds, net of estimated expenses, of $ 20.9 million. Accordingly, the $ 18.5 million carrying amount of the building and land, now considered held for sale, was reclassified from premises and equipment, net to other assets in the March 31, 2024 Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Any gain associated with the sale of the building will be recorded at the time of the sale. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to place them on a comparable basis with the current year. Net income and shareholders' equity previously reported were not affected by these reclassifications. 8 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In December 2022, ASU 2022-06 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848” was issued deferring the sunset date of Topic 848. As subsequently amended, the guidance in the ASU can be applied by the Company through December 31, 2024. To address the discontinuance of LIBOR, the Company stopped originating variable LIBOR-based loans effective December 31, 2021 and started to negotiate loans using the preferred replacement index, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or a relevant duration U.S. Treasury rate. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has transitioned all its LIBOR-based loan exposure to an alternative index. The application of the standard did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03 “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Restrictions” (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 indicates a contractual sale restriction on equity securities should not be considered in measuring fair value, however, disclosure should be made about such restrictions. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2024 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02 “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” (“ASU 2023-02”). ASU 2023-02 permits companies to account for tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2024 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06 “Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative” (“ASU 2023-06”). ASU 2023-06 amends the ASC to incorporate certain disclosure requirements from SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification that was issued in 2018. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this standard will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent interim periods. The amendments will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the amendments will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information to provide more transparency by requiring (i) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table and (ii) income taxes paid, net of refunds, to be disaggregated by jurisdiction based on an established threshold. The amendments in this standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the amendments will have the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards” (“ASU 2024-01”). ASU 2024-01 adds an illustrative example to clarify how an entity should determine whether a profits interest or similar award is within the scope of ASC 718. The amendments in this standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 9 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02 “Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements” (“ASU 2024-02”). ASU 2024-02 removes references to various Concepts Statements in the Codification. The amendments in this standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2025. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Note 3. Earnings Per Share Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur upon the exercise of stock options or upon the vesting of restricted stock grants, any of which would result in the issuance of common stock that would then share in the net income of the Company. Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Basic earnings per share: Net income $ 27,586 $ 398 Weighted-average basic shares outstanding 44,762,308 44,157,156 Basic earnings per share $ 0.62 $ 0.01 Diluted earnings per share: Net income, for diluted earnings per share $ 27,586 $ 398 Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding 44,762,308 44,157,156 Add effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock grants 878,902 807,460 Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding 45,641,210 44,964,616 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.60 $ 0.01 Anti-dilutive stock options and restricted shares 459,599 1,436,771 Note 4. Securities Available-for-Sale The carrying amount of securities and their approximate fair values are reflected in the following table: March 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value U.S. government agencies $ 15,081 $ — $ 340 $ 14,741 Mortgage-backed securities 1,222,395 428 119,947 1,102,876 Municipal bonds 3,195 — 190 3,005 Total $ 1,240,671 $ 428 $ 120,477 $ 1,120,622 December 31, 2023 U.S. government agencies $ 17,809 $ 2 $ 282 $ 17,529 Mortgage-backed securities 1,216,624 466 111,498 1,105,592 Municipal bonds 3,200 — 161 3,039 Total $ 1,237,633 $ 468 $ 111,941 $ 1,126,160 During the three months ended March 31, 2024, one security totaling $ 14.7 million was settled and one security totaling $ 2.5 million was called. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no securities were sold or settled. 10 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities totaled $ 3.4 million and $ 3.3 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in other assets in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following tables show debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position. Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total March 31, 2024 Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. government agencies $ — $ — $ 14,741 $ 340 $ 14,741 $ 340 Mortgage-backed securities 122,441 1,588 936,335 118,359 1,058,776 119,947 Municipal bonds — — 3,005 190 3,005 190 Total $ 122,441 $ 1,588 $ 954,081 $ 118,889 $ 1,076,522 $ 120,477 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total December 31, 2023 Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses U.S. government agencies $ — $ — $ 15,057 $ 282 $ 15,057 $ 282 Mortgage-backed securities 138,823 3,431 886,699 108,067 1,025,522 111,498 Municipal bonds — — 3,039 161 3,039 161 Total $ 138,823 $ 3,431 $ 904,795 $ 108,510 $ 1,043,618 $ 111,941 At March 31, 2024, there were 416 mortgage-backed securities, five U.S. government agencies and two municipal bonds in unrealized loss positions for greater than 12 months. There were 35 mortgage-backed securities in unrealized loss positions for less than 12 months. Unrealized losses at December 31, 2023 were comprised of 409 mortgage-backed securities, five U.S. government agencies and two municipal bond in unrealized loss positions for greater than 12 months and 27 mortgage-backed securities in unrealized loss positions for less than 12 months. These unrealized losses are primarily the result of non-credit-related volatility in the market and market interest rates. Since none of the unrealized losses relate to the issuers' ability to honor redemption obligations, and the Company does not intend to sell the related securities and does not believe it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the securities before recovery of amortized cost, none of the losses have been recognized in the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. All mortgage-backed securities in the Company’s portfolio at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were backed by U.S. government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”). 11 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The following is a summary of investment securities by maturity: March 31, 2024 Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Fair Value U.S. government agencies Within one year $ 3,000 $ 2,986 One to five years 12,081 11,755 Total 15,081 14,741 Mortgage-backed securities Within one year 14,210 14,138 One to five years 182,341 171,971 Five to ten years 230,064 202,872 After 10 years 795,780 713,895 Total 1,222,395 1,102,876 Municipal bonds Five to ten years 3,098 2,920 After 10 years 97 85 Total 3,195 3,005 Total $ 1,240,671 $ 1,120,622 The table above reflects contractual maturities. Actual results will differ as the loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities may prepay sooner than scheduled. There were no investment securities pledged at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Equity Investments Equity investments, largely comprised of non-marketable equity investments, are generally accounted for under either the equity method or equity security accounting and are included in other assets in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The below tables provide additional information related to investments accounted for under these two methods. 12 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Equity Method Accounting The carrying amount and ownership percentage of each equity method investment at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is reflected in the following table: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Amount Ownership % Amount Ownership % Apiture, Inc. $ 58,714 40.4 % $ 60,682 40.4 % Canapi Ventures SBIC Fund, LP (1) (5) 16,522 2.9 18,190 2.9 Canapi Ventures Fund, LP (2) (5) 1,998 1.5 2,267 1.5 Canapi Ventures Fund II, LP (3) (5) 7,214 1.6 7,232 1.6 Canapi Ventures SBIC Fund II, LP (4) (5) 7,591 2.9 7,611 2.9 Other (6) 23,821 Various 22,932 Various Total $ 115,860 $ 118,914 (1) Includes unfunded commitments of $ 5.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (2) Includes unfunded commitments of $ 559 thousand as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (3) Includes unfunded commitments of $ 6.2 million and $ 6.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (4) Includes unfunded commitments of $ 7.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. (5) Investee is accounted for under equity method due to the Company's participation as an investment advisor. (6) As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 Other investments include low income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) in Estrella Landing Apartments LLC (“Estrella Landing”), in which the Company holds a 99.9 % limited member interest. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, there was an unfunded commitment of $ 6.4 million and $ 7.7 million, respectively, for Estrella Landing. Also included in Other investments are solar income tax credit investments in Green Sun Tenant LLC (“Green Sun”), SVA 2021-2 TE Holdco LLC (“Sun Vest”), EG5 CSP1 Holding LLC (“HEP”) and HRE MM I LLC ("Heelstone"), which the Company holds a 99.0 % limited member interest in all investments. As of March 31, 2024, there was an unfunded commitment of $ 1.0 million for Heelstone, while there was no unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2023. Also included are Cape Fear Collective Impact Opportunity 1 LLC (“Cape Fear Collective”), Cape Fear Collective Impact Opportunity 2 LLC (“Cape Fear Collective 2”) and OTR Fund I, LLC ("OTR") which the Company holds 91.0 %, 32.3 %, and 11.5 % of limited member interests, respectively. 13 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Equity Security Accounting The carrying amount of the Company’s investments in non-marketable equity securities with no readily determinable fair value and amounts recognized in earnings on a cumulative basis as of March 31, 2024 and as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is reflected in the following table: As of and for the three month period ended Cumulative Adjustments March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023 Carrying value (1) $ 80,005 $ 77,585 Carrying value adjustments: Impairment $ — — — Upward changes for observable prices (2) 50,548 56 — Downward changes for observable prices ( 1,980 ) ( 369 ) — Net upward (downward) change $ 48,568 $ ( 313 ) $ — (1) Includes $ 2.3 million and $ 3.3 million in unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively. (2) Cumulative adjustments excludes $ 13.9 million in realized gains for sale of an investment in the second quarter of 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company recognized unrealized gains (losses) on all equity securities held at the reporting date of $( 490 ) thousand and $ 16 thousand, respectively. Variable Interest Entities Variable interests are defined as contractual ownership or other interests in an entity that change with fluctuations in the fair value of an entity's net asset value (a “VIE”). The primary beneficiary consolidates the VIE. The primary beneficiary is defined as the enterprise that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the VIE. Solar Renewable Energy Tax Credit Investments The Company has equity interests in several limited liability companies that own and operate solar renewable energy projects which are accounted for as equity method investments. Over the course of the investments, the Company will receive federal and state tax credits, tax-related benefits, and excess cash available for distribution, if any. The Company may be called to sell its interest in the limited partnerships through a call option once all investment tax credits have been recognized. Affordable Housing The Company has an equity investment in a limited liability company LIHTC that qualifies as an affordable housing project, managed by an unrelated general partner. The Company accounts for the investment under the proportional amortization method. Under this method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance as a component of income tax expense. The Company also has equity interests in two limited liability companies that invest in the acquisition, rehabilitation, or new construction of local qualified housing projects which are accounted for as equity method investments. 14 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Canapi Funds The Company’s limited partnership investments in the Canapi Funds focus on providing venture capital to new and emerging financial technology companies. After the initial commitment and over the course of the investment period, the Company will make capital contributions and receive profit and return of capital distributions as a result of fund performance until the funds wind down. Non-marketable and Other Equity Investments The Company also has limited interests in several non-marketable funds, including Small Business Investment Company (“SBIC”) and venture capital funds, which are accounted for as equity security investments. After the initial commitment and over the course of the investment period, the Company will make capital contributions and receive profit and return of capital distributions as a result of fund performance until the funds wind down. While the partnership agreements allow the Company to remove the general partner, this right is not deemed to be substantive as the general partner can only be removed for cause. All investments are generally non-redeemable and distributions are expected to be received through the liquidation of the underlying investments throughout the life of the investment fund. Investments may only be sold or transferred subject to the notice and approval provisions of the underlying investment agreement. All above investments meet the criteria of a VIE, however, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the entities, as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities. The Company’s investment in the unconsolidated VIEs are carried in other assets and the Company’s unfunded capital and other commitments related to the unconsolidated VIEs are carried in other liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from unconsolidated VIEs includes the investment recorded on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For solar tax credit investments, the balance sheet figures are net of any impairment recognized, and includes previously recorded tax credits which remain subject to recapture by taxing authorities based on compliance features required to be met at the project level. While the Company believes the potential for loss from these investments is remote, the maximum exposure for solar tax credit investments was determined by assuming a scenario where related tax credits were recaptured. 15 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The following table provides a summary of the VIEs that the Company has not consolidated as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: March 31, 2024 Investment Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss Liability Recognized Classification Solar tax credit investments $ 7,638 $ 40,437 $ 1,008 Other assets (1) Affordable housing 15,580 15,580 6,444 Other assets & other liabilities (2) Canapi Funds 33,326 33,326 18,765 Other assets & other liabilities Non-marketable and other equity investments 8,445 8,445 2,292 Other assets & other liabilities December 31, 2023 Investment Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss Liability Recognized Classification Solar tax credit investments $ 6,714 $ 48,869 $ — Other assets (3) Affordable housing 15,611 15,611 7,715 Other assets & other liabilities (4) Canapi Funds 35,300 35,300 18,930 Other assets & other liabilities Non-marketable and other equity investments 8,840 8,840 2,321 Other assets & other liabilities (1) Maximum exposure to loss represents $ 7.6 million of current investments and a scenario in which related tax credits are recaptured, collectively totaling $ 32.8 million. (2) Maximum exposure to loss represents $ 15.6 million of investments. As there are no tax credits allocated in the current year, there is no increase to the maximum exposure to loss related to recaptured tax credits on the $ 8.8 million LIHTC investment as of March 31, 2024. (3) Maximum exposure to loss represents $ 6.7 million of current investments and a scenario in which related tax credits are recaptured, collectively totaling $ 42.2 million. (4) Maximum exposure to loss represents $ 15.6 million of investments. As there are no tax credits allocated in the current year, there is no increase to the maximum exposure to loss related to recaptured tax credits on the $ 8.8 million LIHTC investment. 16 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 5. Loans and Leases Held for Investment and Credit Quality The following tables present total loans and leases held for investment and an aging analysis for the Company’s portfolio segments. Loans and leases are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Current or Less than 30 Days Past Due 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Total Carried at Amortized Cost Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option (1) Total Loans and Leases March 31, 2024 Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 2,103,152 $ 15,173 $ 58,311 $ 73,484 $ 2,176,636 $ 146,894 $ 2,323,530 Specialty Lending 1,154,578 — — — 1,154,578 6,331 1,160,909 Energy & Infrastructure 870,896 264 6,717 6,981 877,877 45,829 923,706 Paycheck Protection Program 4,884 — 4 4 4,888 — 4,888 Total 4,133,510 15,437 65,032 80,469 4,213,979 199,054 4,413,033 Construction & Development Small Business Banking 424,547 1,061 1,442 2,503 427,050 — 427,050 Specialty Lending 40,624 — — — 40,624 — 40,624 Energy & Infrastructure 7,541 — — — 7,541 — 7,541 Total 472,712 1,061 1,442 2,503 475,215 — 475,215 Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 2,517,563 10,833 30,604 41,437 2,559,000 123,582 2,682,582 Specialty Lending 542,235 — 12,032 12,032 554,267 — 554,267 Energy & Infrastructure 184,173 10,110 3,072 13,182 197,355 20,505 217,860 Total 3,243,971 20,943 45,708 66,651 3,310,622 144,087 3,454,709 Commercial Land Small Business Banking 553,978 — 1,887 1,887 555,865 36,081 591,946 Total 553,978 — 1,887 1,887 555,865 36,081 591,946 Total $ 8,404,171 $ 37,441 $ 114,069 $ 151,510 $ 8,555,681 $ 379,222 $ 8,934,903 Retained Loan Discount and Net Deferred Costs $ ( 22,342 ) Loans and Leases, Net $ 8,912,561 Guaranteed Balance $ 2,969,226 $ 24,868 $ 81,309 $ 106,177 $ 3,075,403 $ 73,564 $ 3,148,967 % Guaranteed 35.3 % 66.4 % 71.3 % 70.1 % 35.9 % 19.4 % 35.2 % 17 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Current or Less than 30 Days Past Due 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Total Carried at Amortized Cost Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option (1) Total Loans and Leases December 31, 2023 Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 2,075,227 $ 16,570 $ 33,366 $ 49,936 $ 2,125,163 $ 151,887 $ 2,277,050 Specialty Lending 1,131,493 — — — 1,131,493 7,829 1,139,322 Energy & Infrastructure 842,907 2,806 4,044 6,850 849,757 46,185 895,942 Paycheck Protection Program 5,595 — — — 5,595 — 5,595 Total 4,055,222 19,376 37,410 56,786 4,112,008 205,901 4,317,909 Construction & Development Small Business Banking 413,349 1,745 — 1,745 415,094 — 415,094 Specialty Lending 47,419 — — — 47,419 — 47,419 Energy & Infrastructure 7,541 — — — 7,541 — 7,541 Total 468,309 1,745 — 1,745 470,054 — 470,054 Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 2,414,677 18,589 32,310 50,899 2,465,576 127,358 2,592,934 Specialty Lending 511,712 — 12,032 12,032 523,744 — 523,744 Energy & Infrastructure 158,613 — 3,072 3,072 161,685 17,751 179,436 Total 3,085,002 18,589 47,414 66,003 3,151,005 145,109 3,296,114 Commercial Land Small Business Banking 531,331 1,521 1,910 3,431 534,762 37,026 571,788 Total 531,331 1,521 1,910 3,431 534,762 37,026 571,788 Total $ 8,139,864 $ 41,231 $ 86,734 $ 127,965 $ 8,267,829 $ 388,036 $ 8,655,865 Retained Loan Discount and Net Deferred Costs $ ( 22,018 ) Loans and Leases, Net $ 8,633,847 Guaranteed Balance $ 2,877,105 $ 29,183 $ 61,107 $ 90,290 $ 2,967,395 $ 66,299 $ 3,033,694 % Guaranteed 35.3 % 70.8 % 70.5 % 70.6 % 35.9 % 17.1 % 35.0 % (1) Retained portions of government guaranteed loans sold prior to January 1, 2021 are carried at fair value under FASB ASC Subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments: Overall . See Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional information. 18 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Credit Quality Indicators The following tables present asset quality indicators by portfolio class and origination year. See Note 3. Loans and Leases Held for Investment and Credit Quality in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K for additional discussion around the asset quality indicators that the Company uses to manage and monitor credit risk. Term Loans and Leases Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2024 2023 2022 2021 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total (1) March 31, 2024 Small Business Banking Risk Grades 1 - 4 $ 200,724 $ 1,035,360 $ 1,464,196 $ 1,190,897 $ 647,745 $ 601,161 $ 67,873 $ 11,534 $ 5,219,490 Risk Grade 5 — 15,695 60,480 87,655 35,792 103,824 8,818 1,029 313,293 Risk Grades 6 - 8 — 5,741 52,218 45,972 29,365 48,165 3,966 341 185,768 Total 200,724 1,056,796 1,576,894 1,324,524 712,902 753,150 80,657 12,904 5,718,551 Specialty Lending Risk Grades 1 - 4 58,113 576,945 307,885 218,049 20,072 2,617 224,327 119,519 1,527,527 Risk Grade 5 — 18,271 62,688 38,742 42,882 7,936 20,159 2,167 192,845 Risk Grades 6 - 8 — 1,250 — 12,786 — — 8,101 6,960 29,097 Total 58,113 596,466 370,573 269,577 62,954 10,553 252,587 128,646 1,749,469 Energy & Infrastructure Risk Grades 1-4 45,149 410,802 211,656 95,341 42,659 73,130 16,805 — 895,542 Risk Grade 5 — — 10,866 112,133 13,690 26,356 — — 163,045 Risk Grades 6 - 8 — — 4,024 7,475 12,687 — — — 24,186 Total 45,149 410,802 226,546 214,949 69,036 99,486 16,805 — 1,082,773 Paycheck Protection Program Risk Grades 1 - 4 — — — 2,570 2,318 — — — 4,888 Total — — — 2,570 2,318 — — — 4,888 Total $ 303,986 $ 2,064,064 $ 2,174,013 $ 1,811,620 $ 847,210 $ 863,189 $ 350,049 $ 141,550 $ 8,555,681 Year-To-Date Gross Charge-offs Small Business Banking $ — $ 837 $ 2,487 $ 158 $ — $ — $ 150 $ — $ 3,632 Total $ — $ 837 $ 2,487 $ 158 $ — $ — $ 150 $ — $ 3,632 19 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Term Loans and Leases Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2023 2022 2021 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total (1) December 31, 2023 Small Business Banking Risk Grades 1 - 4 $ 990,349 $ 1,470,824 $ 1,255,664 $ 660,926 $ 363,377 $ 296,132 $ 63,963 $ 11,047 $ 5,112,282 Risk Grade 5 7,744 72,913 60,115 37,390 42,095 50,705 7,174 1,407 279,543 Risk Grades 6 - 8 2,286 31,487 29,636 35,611 18,429 28,700 2,621 — 148,770 Total 1,000,379 1,575,224 1,345,415 733,927 423,901 375,537 73,758 12,454 5,540,595 Specialty Lending Risk Grades 1 - 4 640,596 337,880 226,170 21,286 9,103 112 210,460 58,441 1,504,048 Risk Grade 5 8,858 52,767 35,453 43,080 9,223 — 20,547 5,417 175,345 Risk Grades 6 - 8 — — 12,032 — — — 7,203 4,028 23,263 Total 649,454 390,647 273,655 64,366 18,326 112 238,210 67,886 1,702,656 Energy & Infrastructure Risk Grades 1 - 4 386,421 223,309 120,917 41,919 50,035 23,308 14,818 — 860,727 Risk Grade 5 — — 104,371 13,485 7,827 18,627 — — 144,310 Risk Grades 6 - 8 — 4,024 6,303 3,619 — — — — 13,946 Total 386,421 227,333 231,591 59,023 57,862 41,935 14,818 — 1,018,983 Paycheck Protection Program Risk Grades 1 - 4 — — 2,831 2,764 — — — — 5,595 Total — — 2,831 2,764 — — — — 5,595 Total $ 2,036,254 $ 2,193,204 $ 1,853,492 $ 860,080 $ 500,089 $ 417,584 $ 326,786 $ 80,340 $ 8,267,829 Current Period Gross Charge-offs Small Business Banking $ — $ 5,621 $ 6,435 $ 1,058 $ 1,225 $ 525 $ 1,097 $ — $ 15,961 Specialty Lending — — — — — — 7,966 — 7,966 Total $ — $ 5,621 $ 6,435 $ 1,058 $ 1,225 $ 525 $ 9,063 $ — $ 23,927 (1) Excludes $ 379.2 million and $ 388.0 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following tables present guaranteed and unguaranteed loan and lease balances by asset quality indicator: March 31, 2024 Loan and Lease Balance (1) Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Balance % Guaranteed Risk Grades 1 - 4 $ 7,647,447 $ 2,683,736 $ 4,963,711 35.1 % Risk Grade 5 669,183 249,064 420,119 37.2 Risk Grades 6 - 8 239,051 142,603 96,448 59.7 Total $ 8,555,681 $ 3,075,403 $ 5,480,278 35.9 % 20 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 Loan and Lease Balance (1) Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Balance % Guaranteed Risk Grades 1 - 4 $ 7,482,652 $ 2,622,558 $ 4,860,094 35.0 % Risk Grade 5 599,198 234,845 364,353 39.2 Risk Grades 6 - 8 185,979 109,992 75,987 59.1 Total $ 8,267,829 $ 2,967,395 $ 5,300,434 35.9 % (1) Excludes $ 379.2 million and $ 388.0 million of loans accounted for under the fair value option as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Nonaccrual Loans and Leases As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there were no loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans and leases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $ 67.6 million and $ 63.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 , respectively, and is included in other assets in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Nonaccrual loans and leases held for investment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows: March 31, 2024 Loan and Lease Balance (1) Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Exposure with No ACL Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 64,543 $ 53,725 $ 10,818 $ 407 Payroll Protection Program 4 4 — — Energy & Infrastructure 6,716 2,794 3,922 2,178 Total 71,263 56,523 14,740 2,585 Construction & Development Small Business Banking 2,502 2,263 239 — Total 2,502 2,263 239 — Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 47,147 32,666 14,481 6,664 Specialty Lending 12,032 — 12,032 12,032 Energy & Infrastructure 12,171 10,988 1,183 910 Total 71,350 43,654 27,696 19,606 Commercial Land Small Business Banking 3,353 2,911 442 188 Total 3,353 2,911 442 188 Total $ 148,468 $ 105,351 $ 43,117 $ 22,379 21 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 Loan and Lease Balance (1) Guaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Balance Unguaranteed Exposure with No ACL Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 47,558 $ 39,018 $ 8,540 $ 407 Energy & Infrastructure 6,850 2,794 4,056 2,546 Total 54,408 41,812 12,596 2,953 Construction & Development Small Business Banking 1,745 1,309 436 — Total 1,745 1,309 436 — Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 57,140 44,426 12,714 8,199 Specialty Lending 12,032 — 12,032 12,032 Energy & Infrastructure 3,072 2,799 273 — Total 72,244 47,225 25,019 20,231 Commercial Land Small Business Banking 6,566 5,332 1,234 194 Total 6,566 5,332 1,234 194 Total $ 134,963 $ 95,678 $ 39,285 $ 23,378 (1) Excludes loans accounted for under the fair value option. See Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional information. 22 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements When a loan or lease is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued interest is reversed from loan interest income. The following table summarizes the amount of accrued interest reversed during the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Commercial & Industrial $ 610 $ 211 Commercial Real Estate 119 58 Construction & Development 30 — Total $ 759 $ 269 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans and leases, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023: Total Collateral-Dependent Loans Unguaranteed Portion March 31, 2024 Real Estate Business Assets Other Real Estate Business Assets Other Allowance for Credit Losses Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 2,737 $ 8,969 $ — $ 421 $ 1,924 $ — $ 1,623 Specialty Lending — 4,711 — — 4,711 — — Energy & Infrastructure — 3,022 — — 227 — 62 Total 2,737 16,702 — 421 6,862 — 1,685 Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 29,248 — — 10,135 — — 256 Total 29,248 — — 10,135 — — 256 Commercial Land Small Business Banking 1,713 — — 194 — — — Total 1,713 — — 194 — — — Total $ 33,698 $ 16,702 $ — $ 10,750 $ 6,862 $ — $ 1,941 Total Collateral-Dependent Loans Unguaranteed Portion December 31, 2023 Real Estate Business Assets Other Real Estate Business Assets Other Allowance for Credit Losses Commercial & Industrial Small Business Banking $ 2,737 $ 2,426 $ — $ 421 $ 547 $ — $ 277 Specialty Lending — 4,711 — — 4,711 — — Energy & Infrastructure — 3,022 — — 227 — — Total 2,737 10,159 — 421 5,485 — 277 Commercial Real Estate Small Business Banking 21,211 — — 6,298 — — — Total 21,211 — — 6,298 — — — Commercial Land Small Business Banking 1,735 — — 200 — — — Total 1,735 — — 200 — — — Total $ 25,683 $ 10,159 $ — $ 6,919 $ 5,485 $ — $ 277 23 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans and Leases See Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K for a description of the methodologies used to estimate the ACL. The following table details activity in the ACL by portfolio segment allowance for the periods presented: Three Months Ended Commercial & Industrial Construction & Development Commercial Real Estate Commercial Land Total March 31, 2024 Beginning Balance $ 87,581 $ 4,717 $ 28,864 $ 4,678 $ 125,840 Charge offs ( 3,329 ) ( 303 ) — — ( 3,632 ) Recoveries 455 — 14 — 469 Provision (Recovery) 13,845 ( 122 ) 2,491 150 16,364 Ending Balance $ 98,552 $ 4,292 $ 31,369 $ 4,828 $ 139,041 March 31, 2023 Beginning Balance $ 64,995 $ 5,101 $ 22,901 $ 3,569 $ 96,566 Adoption of ASU 2022-02 ( 25 ) ( 166 ) ( 83 ) ( 402 ) ( 676 ) Charge offs ( 6,278 ) — ( 414 ) — ( 6,692 ) Recoveries 23 — — — 23 Provision 13,343 2,019 2,658 1,001 19,021 Ending Balance $ 72,058 $ 6,954 $ 25,062 $ 4,168 $ 108,242 During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the ACL increased as a result of specific reserve changes on individually evaluated loans and to a lesser extent continued growth of the loan and lease portfolio combined with charge-off related impacts. Loss rates are adjusted for twelve month forecasted unemployment followed by a twelve-month straight-line reversion period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the ACL increased as a result of continued loan growth, combined with portfolio trends and changes in the macroeconomic outlook. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2023, certain assumptions were refined, drawing more heavily on internal data, in the calculations of PD, LGD, and prepayment rates. These refinements increased the ACL by $ 1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Loss rates are adjusted for twelve month forecasted unemployment followed by a twelve-month straight-line reversion period. Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty as a part of ongoing loss mitigation strategies. These modifications may result in an interest rate reduction, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a combination thereof. The Company typically does not offer principal forgiveness. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Other-Than-Insignificant Payment Delay Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction % of Total Class of Financing Receivable Small Business Banking $ — $ — $ 3,436 0.07 % Specialty Lending 4,183 — — 0.25 Energy & Infrastructure — 13,517 — 2.35 Total $ 4,183 $ 13,517 $ 3,436 2.67 % 24 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements As of March 31, 2024, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to these borrowers. The following table presents an aging analysis of loans that were modified within the twelve months ended March 31, 2024: Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Small Business Banking $ 15,286 $ — $ — $ — Specialty Lending 4,001 — — — Energy & Infrastructure 13,690 — — — Total $ 32,977 $ — $ — $ — The following table summarizes the financial impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the prior period: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension (in Months) Small Business Banking 1.45 % 0 Energy & Infrastructure — % 12 Additionally, there were no loans that were modified within the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 that subsequently defaulted during the periods presented. The Company’s ACL is estimated using lifetime historical loan performance adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Upon determination that a modified loan, or portion of a modified loan, has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the uncollectible portion is written off. The amortized cost basis is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount. As a result, the impact of loss mitigation strategies is captured in the estimates of PD and LGD. Note 6. Leases Lessor Equipment Leasing The Company may purchase new equipment for the purpose of leasing such equipment to customers within its verticals. Equipment purchased to fulfill commitments to commercial renewable energy projects is rented out under operating leases while leases of equipment outside of the renewable energy vertical are generally direct financing leases. Accordingly, leased assets under operating leases are included in premises and equipment while leased assets under direct financing leases are included in loans and leases held for investment in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Direct Financing Leases Interest income on direct financing leases is recognized when earned. Unearned interest is recognized over the lease term on a basis which results in a constant rate of return on the unrecovered lease investment. The term of each lease is generally 3 to 7 years which is consistent with the useful life of the equipment with no residual value. The net investment in direct finance leases included in loans and leases held for investment are as follows: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Gross direct finance lease payments receivable $ 1,938 $ 2,335 Less – unearned interest ( 178 ) ( 218 ) Net investment in direct financing leases $ 1,760 $ 2,117 25 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Future minimum lease payments under finance leases are as follows: As of March 31, 2024 Amount 2024 $ 853 2025 968 2026 117 Total $ 1,938 Interest income of $ 18 thousand and $ 73 thousand was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating Leases The term of each operating lease is generally 10 to 15 years. The Company retains ownership of the equipment and associated tax benefits such as investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation. At the end of the lease term, the lessee has the option to renew the lease for two additional terms or purchase the equipment at the then-current fair market value. Rental revenue from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. The useful lives generally range from 20 to 25 years and residual values generally range from 20 % to 50 %, however, they are subject to periodic evaluation. Changes in useful lives or residual values will impact depreciation expense and any gain or loss from the sale of used equipment. The estimated useful lives and residual values of the Company's leasing equipment are based on industry disposal experience and the Company's expectations for future sale prices. If the Company decides to sell or otherwise dispose of rental equipment, it is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell or dispose. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the rental equipment are charged to equipment expense at the time the costs are incurred. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had a net investment of $ 100.7 million and $ 104.0 million, respectively, in assets included in premises and equipment that are subject to operating leases. Of the net investment, the gross balance of the assets was $ 160.7 million and $ 162.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Accumulated depreciation was $ 60.0 million and $ 58.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense recognized on these assets was $ 2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Lease income of $ 2.4 million was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. A maturity analysis of future minimum lease payments to be received under non-cancelable operating leases is as follows: As of March 31, 2024 Amount 2024 $ 7,991 2025 8,738 2026 8,721 2027 8,483 2028 3,837 Thereafter 9,708 Total $ 47,478 26 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 7. Servicing Assets Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others requiring recognition of a servicing asset was $ 3.15 billion and $ 3.09 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The unpaid principal balance for all loans serviced for others was $ 4.33 billion and $ 4.24 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes the activity pertaining to servicing rights measured at fair value: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 48,186 $ 26,323 Additions, net 3,520 2,678 Fair value changes: Due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions 221 2,624 Decay due to increases in principal paydowns or runoff ( 2,965 ) ( 2,268 ) Balance at end of period $ 48,962 $ 29,357 See Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further details about servicing assets measured at fair value. The fair value of servicing rights was determined using a weighted average discount rate of 14.5 % on March 31, 2024 and 17.7 % on March 31, 2023. The fair value of servicing rights was determined using a weighted average prepayment speed of 15.7 % on March 31, 2024 and 15.3 % on March 31, 2023, with the actual rate depending on the stratification of the specific right. Changes to fair value are reported in loan servicing asset revaluation within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had servicing assets related to conventional commercial loans carried at amortized cost of $ 381 thousand . 27 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Note 8. Borrowings Total outstanding borrowings consisted of the following: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Borrowings In March 2021, the Company entered into a 60 -month term loan agreement of $ 50.0 million with a third party correspondent bank. The loan accrues interest at a fixed rate of 2.95 % with a monthly payment sufficient to fully amortize the loan, with all remaining unpaid principal and interest due at maturity on March 30, 2026 . The Company paid the Lender a non-refundable $ 325 thousand loan origination fee upon signing of the Note that is presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the loan and will be amortized into interest expense over the life of the loan. $ 20,842 $ 23,354 In March 2024, the Company entered into a 60 -month term loan agreement of $ 100.0 million with a third party correspondent bank. The loan accrues interest at a fixed rate of 5.95 % with monthly interest payments until maturity on March 28, 2029 , and $ 33.0 million of principal to be paid in year 4, and $ 67.0 million of principal to be paid in year 5. The Company paid the Lender a non-refundable $ 600 thousand loan origination fee upon signing of the Note that is represented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the loan and will be amortized into interest expense over the life of the loan. 99,400 — Total borrowings $ 120,242 $ 23,354 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s unused borrowing capacity was $ 3.51 billion and $ 3.68 billion, respectively, based upon securities and loans identified as available for collateral. Unused borrowing capacity consists of access through the Federal Reserve Bank's discount window, available lines of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank and other correspondent banks, access to a repurchase agreement, and the Federal Reserve Bank's Bank Term Funding Program which ended March 11, 2024. If additional collateral is available, the Company's aggregate borrowing capacity with all of the above sources is $ 6.19 billion and $ 6.28 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Note 9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value Hierarchy There are three levels of inputs in the fair value hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value. Financial instruments are considered Level 1 when valuation can be based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or models using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data of substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable and when determination of the fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Recurring Fair Value The table below provides a rollforward of the Level 3 equity warrant asset fair values: Three Months Ended March 31, Equity Warrant Assets 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 2,874 $ 2,210 New equity warrant assets 370 153 Changes in fair value, net 5,661 ( 176 ) Settlements ( 205 ) — Balance at end of period $ 8,700 $ 2,187 28 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. March 31, 2024 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Investment securities available-for-sale US government agencies $ 14,741 $ — $ 14,741 $ — Mortgage-backed securities 1,102,876 — 1,102,876 — Municipal bonds (1) 3,005 — 2,920 85 Loans held for investment 379,222 — — 379,222 Servicing assets (2) 48,962 — — 48,962 Mutual fund 1,324 — 1,324 — Equity warrant assets 8,700 — — 8,700 Total assets at fair value $ 1,558,830 $ — $ 1,121,861 $ 436,969 December 31, 2023 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Investment securities available-for-sale US government agencies $ 17,529 $ — $ 17,529 $ — Mortgage-backed securities 1,105,592 — 1,105,592 — Municipal bonds (1) 3,039 — 2,954 85 Loans held for investment 388,036 — — 388,036 Servicing assets (2) 48,186 — — 48,186 Mutual fund 1,645 — 1,645 — Equity warrant assets 2,874 — — 2,874 Total assets at fair value $ 1,566,901 $ — $ 1,127,720 $ 439,181 (1) During the three months ended March 31, 2024 there was no level 3 fair value adjustment gain or loss. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a level 3 fair value adjustment loss of $ 10 thousand. (2) See Note 7 for a rollforward of recurring Level 3 fair values for servicing assets. For additional information on the valuation techniques and significant inputs for Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, see Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Additionally, see Note 1. Basis of Presentation of the accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to changes in valuation techniques for the Company's loan servicing assets and loans accounted for under the fair value option. Fair Value Option Until the first quarter of 2021, the Company had historically elected to account for retained participating interests of all government guaranteed loans under the fair value option in order to align the accounting presentation with the Company’s viewpoint of the economics of the loans. Interest income is recognized in the same manner on loans reported at fair value as on non-fair value loans, except in regard to origination fees and costs which are recognized immediately upon fair value election. Not electing fair value generally results in a larger discount being recorded on the date of the sale. This discount is subsequently accreted into interest income over the underlying loan’s remaining term using the effective interest method. Management made this change of election in alignment with its ongoing effort to reduce volatility and drive more predictable revenue. In accordance with GAAP, any loans for which fair value was previously elected continue to be measured as such. There were no loans accounted for under the fair value option that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The unpaid principal balance of unguaranteed exposure for nonaccruals was $ 10.2 million and $ 9.1 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. 29 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The following tables provide more information about the fair value carrying amount and the unpaid principal outstanding of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. March 31, 2024 Total Loans Nonaccruals 90 Days or More Past Due Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Option Elections Loans held for investment $ 379,222 $ 397,990 $ ( 18,768 ) $ 55,562 $ 58,280 $ ( 2,718 ) $ 43,502 $ 45,252 $ ( 1,750 ) December 31, 2023 Total Loans Nonaccruals 90 Days or More Past Due Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Carrying Amount Unpaid Principal Balance Difference Fair Value Option Elections Loans held for investment $ 388,036 $ 407,544 $ ( 19,508 ) $ 48,474 $ 50,749 $ ( 2,275 ) $ 36,490 $ 37,939 $ ( 1,449 ) The following table presents the net gains (losses) from changes in fair value. Three Months Ended March 31, Gains (Losses) on Loans Accounted for under the Fair Value Option 2024 2023 Loans held for investment $ ( 219 ) $ ( 4,529 ) Losses related to borrower-specific credit risk were $ 0 and $ 3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following tables summarize the activity pertaining to loans accounted for under the fair value option: Three Months Ended March 31, Loans held for investment 2024 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 388,036 $ 494,458 Repurchases 8,565 11,834 Fair value changes ( 219 ) ( 4,529 ) Settlements ( 17,160 ) ( 34,813 ) Balance at end of period $ 379,222 $ 466,950 Non-Recurring Fair Value The tables below present the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The Company has no liabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. March 31, 2024 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Collateral-dependent loans $ 5,425 $ — $ — $ 5,425 Foreclosed assets 2,080 — — 2,080 Total assets at fair value $ 7,505 $ — $ — $ 7,505 30 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Collateral-dependent loans $ 4,503 $ — $ — $ 4,503 Foreclosed assets 6,481 — — 6,481 Total assets at fair value $ 10,984 $ — $ — $ 10,984 For additional information on the valuation techniques and significant inputs for Level 2 and Level 3 assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, see Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Level 3 Analysis For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows: March 31, 2024 Level 3 Assets with Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Range Weighted Average (1) Recurring fair value Municipal bond $ 85 Discounted expected cash flows Discount rate 7.0 % N/A Prepayment speed 5.0 % N/A Loans held for investment $ 379,222 Discounted expected cash flows Loss rate 0.0 % - 7.1 % 1.1 % Discount rate 7.3 % - 18.0 % 10.0 % Prepayment speed 14.3 % - 30.6 % 16.5 % Servicing assets $ 48,962 Discounted expected cash flows Discount rate 14.5 % 14.5 % Prepayment speed 12.0 % - 18.2 % 15.7 % Equity warrant assets $ 8,700 Black-Scholes option pricing model Volatility 26.5 % - 90.0 % 30.1 % Risk-free interest rate 4.2 % 4.2 % Marketability discount 5.0 % - 25.0 % 15.1 % Remaining life 3.6 - 10 years 5.4 years Non-recurring fair value Collateral-dependent loans $ 5,425 Discounted appraisals Appraisal adjustments (2) 10.0 % - 97.3 % 41.9 % Foreclosed assets $ 2,080 Discounted appraisals Appraisal adjustments (2) 10.0 % 10.0 % 31 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 Level 3 Assets with Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Range Weighted Average (1) Recurring fair value Municipal bond $ 85 Discounted expected cash flows Discount rate 7.0 % N/A Prepayment speed 5.0 % N/A Loans held for investment $ 388,036 Discounted expected cash flows Loss rate 0.0 % - 7.4 % 1.2 % Discount rate 6.7 % - 18.0 % 9.6 % Prepayment speed 14.0 % - 30.3 % 16.0 % Servicing assets $ 48,186 Discounted expected cash flows Discount rate 14.5 % 14.5 % Prepayment speed 11.8 % - 17.8 % 15.3 % Equity warrant assets $ 2,874 Black-Scholes option pricing model Volatility 26.9 % - 90.0 % 35.8 % Risk-free interest rate 3.8 % - 3.9 % 3.9 % Marketability discount 20.0 % - 25.0 % 22.7 % Remaining life 3.9 - 10 years 7.6 years Non-recurring fair value Collateral-dependent loans $ 4,503 Discounted appraisals Appraisal adjustments (2) 10.0 % - 70.0 % 38.7 % Foreclosed assets $ 6,481 Discounted appraisals Appraisal adjustments (2) 10.0 % - 17.4 % 10.4 % (1) Weighted averages are determined by the relative fair value of the instruments or the relative contribution to the instruments fair value. (2) Appraisals may be adjusted by management for customized discounting criteria, estimated sales costs, and other qualitative adjustments. Estimated Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments GAAP also requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments carried at book value on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 32 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are as follows: March 31, 2024 Carrying Amount Quoted Price In Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Financial assets Cash and due from banks $ 597,394 $ 597,394 $ — $ — $ 597,394 Certificates of deposit with other banks 250 250 — — 250 Loans held for sale 310,749 — — 329,849 329,849 Loans and leases held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases 8,394,298 — — 8,884,123 8,884,123 Financial liabilities Deposits 10,383,361 — 10,140,423 — 10,140,423 Borrowings 120,242 — — 128,153 128,153 December 31, 2023 Carrying Amount Quoted Price In Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total Fair Value Financial assets Cash and due from banks $ 582,540 $ 582,540 $ — $ — $ 582,540 Certificates of deposit with other banks 250 250 — — 250 Loans held for sale 387,037 — — 402,096 402,096 Loans and leases held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases 8,119,971 — — 8,600,046 8,600,046 Financial liabilities Deposits 10,275,019 — 10,080,182 — 10,080,182 Borrowings 23,354 — — 22,844 22,844 Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies Litigation In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings. Management believes that the outcome of such proceedings will not materially affect the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. 33 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Commitments to extend credit (1) $ 3,055,978 $ 2,921,978 Standby letters of credit 7,092 20,487 Airplane purchase agreement commitments — 9,000 Total unfunded off-balance-sheet credit risk $ 3,063,070 $ 2,951,465 (1) Includes unfunded overdraft protection. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties. Commitment letters are issued after approval of the loan by the Credit Department and generally expire ninety days after issuance. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances which the Company deems necessary. The allowance for off-balance-sheet credit exposures was $ 5.8 million and $ 4.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Other Commitments The Company is in the final phase of constructing a new facility to accommodate expansion of its main campus. The total estimated cost to complete the construction program is approximately $ 37.4 million. At March 31, 2024, the Company has paid and was committed to approximately $ 30.7 million of the total estimated amount. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded unfunded commitments to provide capital contributions for on-balance-sheet investments in the amount of $ 27.5 million and $ 29.0 million, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding. The Company generally does not have a significant number of credits to any single borrower or group of related borrowers whereby their retained unguaranteed exposure exceeds $ 20.0 million, except for twenty-eight relationships that have a retained unguaranteed exposure of $ 1.12 billion of which $ 694.6 million of the unguaranteed exposure has been disbursed. Additionally, the Company has future minimum lease payments receivable under non-cancelable operating leases totaling $ 47.5 million, of which no relationships exceed $ 20.0 million. The Company from time-to-time may have cash and cash equivalents on deposit with other financial institutions that exceed federally-insured limits. 34 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Geographic Concentration s The following table presents the geographic concentration of the Company's loan and lease portfolio at March 31, 2024: % of Total Geographic Regions (1) Midwest 12.8 % Northeast 18.2 Southeast 30.9 Southwest 12.1 West 26.0 Total 100.0 % (1) Concentrations are stated as a percentage of total unguaranteed loans held for investment. Midwest consists of ND, SD, NE, KS, MN, IA,WI, MO, IL, IN, MI and OH. Northeast consists of MD, DE, PA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MA, VT, ME and NH. Southeast consists of AR, LA, MS, TN, AL, GA, FL, SC, KY, NC, VA, WV, DC, PR and VI. Southwest consists of AZ, NM, TX and OK. West consists of WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, WY, CO, UT, AK and HI. Note 11. Stock Plans On March 20, 2015, the Company adopted the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and currently in effect, the “2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan”) which replaced the previously existing Amended Incentive Stock Option Plan and Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan. Subsequently on May 24, 2016, the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan was amended and restated, and on May 15, 2018, the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan was amended, to authorize awards covering a maximum of 7,000,000 and 8,750,000 common voting shares, respectively. On May 11, 2021, the Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan was amended to authorize awards covering a maximum of 10,750,000 common voting shares. Subsequently on May 16, 2023, the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan was amended to authorize awards covering a maximum of 13,750,000 common voting shares. Options or restricted shares granted under the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan expire no more than 10 years from date of grant. Exercise prices under the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan are set by the Board of Directors at the date of grant but shall not be less than 100 % of fair market value of the related stock at the date of the grant. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Restricted Stock Restricted stock awards are authorized in the form of restricted stock awards or units (“RSU”s). RSUs have a restriction based on the passage of time and may also have a restriction based on a non-market-related performance criteria. The fair value of the RSUs is based on the closing price on the date of the grant. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, 457,167 RSUs were granted with a weighted average grant date fair value of $ 39.40 . At March 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation costs relating to RSUs amounted to $ 88.0 million which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.82 years. Note 12. Segments The Company's management reporting process measures the performance of its operating segments based on internal operating structure, which is subject to change from time-to-time. Accordingly, the Company operates two reportable segments for management reporting purposes as discussed below: Banking - This segment specializes in providing financing services to small businesses nationwide in targeted industries and deposit-related services to small businesses, consumers and other customers nationwide. The primary source of revenue for this segment is net interest income and secondarily the origination and sale of government guaranteed loans. 35 Table of Contents Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Fintech - This segment is involved in making strategic investments into emerging financial technology companies. The primary sources of revenue for this segment are principally gains and losses on equity method and equity security investments and management fees. The Fintech segment is comprised of the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiaries Live Oak Ventures and Canapi Advisors, and the investments held by those entities, as well as the Bank's investment in Apiture. The following tables provide financial information for the Company's segments. The information provided under the caption “Other” represents operations not considered to be reportable segments and/or general operating expenses of the Company, and includes the parent company, other non-bank subsidiaries and elimination adjustments to reconcile the results of the operating segments to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. Banking Fintech Other Consolidated As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 Interest income $ 192,269 $ 23 $ 128 $ 192,420 Interest expense 101,998 — 311 102,309 Net interest income (loss) 90,271 23 ( 183 ) 90,111 Provision for loan and lease credit losses 16,364 — — 16,364 Noninterest income 25,151 461 485 26,097 Noninterest expense 73,085 2,350 2,302 77,737 Income tax expense (benefit) ( 3,734 ) ( 494 ) ( 1,251 ) ( 5,479 ) Net income (loss) $ 29,707 $ ( 1,372 ) $ ( 749 ) $ 27,586 Total assets $ 11,362,230 $ 138,444 $ 4,895 $ 11,505,569 As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 Interest income $ 151,269 $ 12 $ 135 $ 151,416 Interest expense 69,077 — 322 69,399 Net interest income (loss) 82,192 12 ( 187 ) 82,017 Provision for loan and lease credit losses 19,021 — — 19,021 Noninterest income 16,997 2,039 543 19,579 Noninterest expense 74,483 2,256 2,223 78,962 Income tax expense (benefit) 3,297 156 ( 238 ) 3,215 Net income (loss) $ 2,388 $ ( 361 ) $ ( 1,629 ) $ 398 Total assets $ 10,181,253 $ 124,450 $ 58,594 $ 10,364,297 36 Table of Contents