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Item 1. Business

2025-03-31 compared with 2024-04-01 · 166 added, 173 removed, 36 unchanged (90% of the section changed)

Our mission is to make the United States of America the safest country in the world by helping to protect the people, places, and assets where we live, work, study and visit.

Through strategic market expansion, increased ASR adoption, and continued innovation, we aim to redefine public safety with a comprehensive, technology-driven approach.

As we execute on our growth strategy, we remain committed to delivering scalable, effective solutions that enhance safety, deter crime, and provide peace of mind to organizations and communities nationwide.

Knightscope, Inc.

is a Silicon Valley based technology company that designs, builds, and deploys solutions to enhance public safety.

Knightscope products include ASRs and ECDs consisting of fully integrated, solar powered wireless emergency blue light towers (“BLT”), blue light emergency phones (“E-Phones”), and emergency call box systems (“Call Boxes”).

Our technologies are made in the United States of America (“USA”) and are designed to enable public safety professionals to more effectively deter, intervene, capture, and prosecute criminals.

Our mission is to make the USA the safest country in the world by helping protect the people, places, and things where people live, work, study and visit.

To support this mission, we design, develop, manufacture, market, deploy, and support ASRs and ECDs, with our proprietary Knightscope Security Operations Center (“KSOC”) and Knightscope Emergency Management System (“KEMS”) software user interfaces.

Our ASRs and ECDs are designed to deter, detect, and report security incidents, providing innovative solutions for public safety at various venues, including convention centers, casinos, resorts, college campuses, corporate campuses and other public spaces.

We are a Delaware corporation, founded in April 2013.

Our headquarters is located in Silicon Valley at 1070 Terra Bella Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 and our telephone number is (650) 679-7626 and our website is www.knightscope.com.

The Knightscope management team intends to continue its focus on organic growth as well as add to its core solutions portfolio through future, opportunistic acquisitions based on a target’s revenue, free cash flow, technology, talent, and facilities as well as strategic partnerships to achieve its mission.

In 2022, we completed the acquisition of Case Emergency Systems (“CASE”), a manufacturer of blue light emergency communication devices, and market the products under the portfolio of “K1B” emergency communication devices.

Positioned to enhance Knightscope offerings, the K1B technologies are designed for reliability and ease of use in critical situations, providing one-touch connections to emergency services.

They are solar-powered, weatherproof, and can operate wirelessly via cellular or satellite technology, making them suitable for a wide range of environments.

With an installed base of nearly 10,000 devices across the USA, K1B technologies significantly enhance safety and security in public spaces by allowing individuals to quickly contact emergency services or security personnel with the push of a button on any K1B device.

Our technologies aim to build on each other to create safer environments through proactive monitoring and reactive emergency communication capabilities.

By integrating autonomous security with robust emergency communication systems, organizations can offer comprehensive safety solutions that are adaptive, responsive, and effective in a wide range of scenarios.

Use cases for our combined suite of ASR and K1B technologies include a wide variety of applications where a 24/7 presence, accessible emergency communication, and deterrence can assist public safety officials with incidents, disturbances, medical emergencies, theft, trespassing, fire, talk downs, and promote an overall feeling of improved safety.

Areas where our products and services can be useful include, but are not limited to:

● Commercial Real Estate;

● Corporate Campus;

● Homeowner Associations;

● Law Enforcement sites;

● Logistics sites;

● Manufacturing sites;

● Parking areas;

● Public Parks;

● Schools and;

Federal Government buildings

Our core technologies are suitable for most environments that require law enforcement or security patrol coverage and designed to be force multipliers that offer public safety teams improved situational awareness.

ASRs and ECDs conduct real-time on-site data collection and analysis in both indoor and outdoor spaces delivering alerts to security professionals through the KSOC and KEMS.

The KSOC and KEMS software applications enable clients with appropriate credentials and user permissions to access the data for investigative and evidence collection purposes.

Our K1B portfolio of Emergency Communication Devices consist of the K1 Blue Light Towers, K1 Blue Light Emergency Phones, and K1 Call Boxes.

Tower devices are tall, highly visible and recognizable apparatuses that provide emergency communications using cellular and satellite communications with solar power for additional safety in remote locations.

E-Phones and Call Boxes offer a smaller, yet still highly visible, footprint than the towers, but with the same reliable communication capabilities.

We sell our ASRs and stationary multi-purpose security solutions under an annual all-inclusive subscription, Machine-as-a-Service (“MaaS”) business model, which includes the ASR machine as well as maintenance, service, support, data transfer, KSOC access, charging stations, and unlimited software, firmware and select hardware upgrades.

Our stationary K1B technologies are sold as point-of-sale modular systems, including Knightscope’s exclusive, self-diagnostic, alarm monitoring system, KEMS, that provides system owners daily email reports on the operational status of their system, a one-year parts warranty, and optional installation services.

Modular upgrades are available for the blue light towers, such as public announcement speaker systems.

Knightscope also offers an extended warranty on this series of stationary public safety towers.

Industry background

In the USA, there are more than 11,000 private security firms and approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies – a fragmented marketplace relying primarily on humans to safeguard people and assets primarily through monitoring and patrol activities.

We believe that our products offer a better economic proposition for our clients relative to a solely human guard or a mobile vehicle patrol unit operating 24/7, enabling the estimated 2.5 million law enforcement and security professionals to focus on strategic decision-making and enforcement.

ASRs and ECDs

K3 and K5 ASRs

The K3 ASR and K5 ASR are designed to roam a geo-fenced area autonomously by utilizing numerous sensors and lasers, either on a random basis or based on a particular patrolling algorithm.

They can successfully navigate around people, vehicles and objects in dynamic indoor or outdoor environments.

To do this, the ASRs employ several autonomous motion and self-driving technologies, including lasers, ultrasonic sensors, inertial measurement unit (“IMU”), and wheel encoders integrated into a navigation software stack enabling autonomy.

Each ASR can generate 1 to 2 terabytes of data per week and over 90 terabytes of data per year, which is accessible for review and analysis via the KSOC.

Clients can recall, review, and save the data for analysis, forensic or archival purposes.

Each ASR can autonomously charge and recharge on a 24-hour basis, 7 days per week without human intervention.

Clients may also utilize the patrol scheduler feature on the KSOC to schedule periodic or regular patrols during certain times for alternative patrol routes.

The approximate dimensions of the K5 are as follows:

5 feet, Width:

3 feet, Weight:

The K5 is designed to be used primarily outdoors in such environments as open air malls, corporate campuses, hospitals, stadiums, retailers, warehouses, logistics facilities, college campuses, airports, train stations and multi-level parking structures.

The K5’s advanced anomaly detection features include:

● 360-degree high-definition night and day video capture positioned at eye-level;

● Live streaming and recorded high-definition video capabilities;

● Automatic license plate recognition;

● People detection, which can alert a user in real-time of people detected on their premises, together with 360-degree recorded high-definition video.

A user can use the timestamp of the recording to search through other data detected to assess and better understand other conditions in the area patrolled by the ASR;

● Thermal imaging, which allows for triggered alerts based on temperature.

For example, assisting with alerts regarding increased risks of fires;

● Two-way communication feature may be utilized for both public announcements and avoidance of human physical confrontations with dangerous individuals;

● Signal detection can be utilized as a rogue router detector for sensitive locations.

The approximate dimensions of the K3 are as follows:

4 feet, Width:

2 feet, Weight:

The K3 is tailored for indoor usage, allowing it to autonomously navigate complex dynamic indoor environments such as an indoor mall, office building, manufacturing facility, hospital, stadium plaza, warehouse or school.

It has the same suite of advanced anomaly detection capabilities as the K5, but the parking utilization, parking meter and license plate recognition features are turned off.

The ASRs include several communications features.

The units can transfer data over both 4G LTE networks and Private LTE.

The company is also developing capabilities to operate over 5G networks for planned deployment in the future.

Each one has an available intercom that may be used for two-way communication with a public safety team.

In addition, one or multiple units may be used as a live broadcast public address system or to deliver pre-recorded messages based on time, location, detection or randomly.

The ASRs run on rechargeable batteries.

They are configured to patrol autonomously for approximately two to three hours, following which, without human intervention, the ASRs find and dock to a charging station, recharging for approximately 20 minutes or more before resuming patrol.

The ASRs remain operational during the charging period, providing 24/7 uptime to clients.

The K1 Tower carries all the relevant features from the K5 but in a large stationary format.

The K1 can be used indoors or outdoors and especially at ingress/egress points for both people and vehicles.

The approximate dimensions of the K1 are:

6 feet, Width:

3 feet, Weight:

K1 Hemisphere

The new K1 Hemisphere, with its smaller profile, is a stationary unit designed for both indoor and outdoor use.

is a Silicon Valley based, public safety innovator that builds Autonomous Security Robots and Emergency Communication Devices.

We design, manufacture, and deploy our technologies to improve public safety and to protect the places people live, work, study and visit.

We provide our cutting-edge capabilities, including remote monitoring capabilities, to both the private sector and to government clients including law enforcement.

With Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (“FedRAMP”) Authority to Operate (“ATO”) obtained in January 2024, Knightscope can be listed on the FedRAMP Marketplace as an approved provider for federal agencies and is therefore positioned to expand into federal contracts.

We have already deployed a pilot program under a contract with the U.S.

Department of Veteran Affairs for our first K5 GOV, which is an ASR exclusively developed for the U.S.

federal government.

Additionally, we have been awarded a Phase 1 contract from the U.S.

Air Force in 2025.

We believe FedRAMP ATO positions us to seek federal contracts with other federal departments including the U.S.

Army, Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Federal Protective Service (FPS), General Services Administration (GSA), U.S.

Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), United States Postal Service (USPS) and the U.S.

Department of the Interior (DOI).

We believe that the initiatives of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) may provide us with an expansion opportunity as federal entities seek efficiencies through automation and robotics.

Our core technologies are a unique combination of autonomy, robotics, artificial intelligence and electric vehicle technology:

AI-powered autonomous security robots that are designed to provide continuous monitoring, real-time incident detection, and proactive threat deterrence through a strong physical presence.

Blue light emergency communication systems, including towers, e-phones, and call boxes, designed to provide instant connectivity to emergency services.

● Knightscope Security Operations Center (KSOC) :

A cloud-based platform for real-time security monitoring, data analysis, and event manage ment driven by autonomous security robots.

● Knightscope Emergency Management System (KEMS) :

A diagnostics tool designed to keep emergency communication devices operational and reliable.

● Knightscope Network Operations Center (KNOC) :

The Company has built a custom set of tools that enables our employees to manage and monitor the network of ASRs and other Knightscope technologies operating in the field nationwide.

● Knightscope's Risk & Threat Exposure (RTX) :

RTX analysts provide proactive monitoring by verifying alerts triggered by Knightscope devices.

Knightscope operates in a highly fragmented U.S.

public safety market that is experiencing strong demand for automation and artificial intelligence-driven solutions due to rising labor costs, security staffing shortages, and challenging crime rates.

Our solutions combine proactive physical deterrence with critical emergency response tools and remote monitoring, offering an integrated approach to public safety.

We are a Delaware corporation founded in April 2013 and headquartered in Mountain View, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley.

Market Opportunity & Competitive Positioning

The public safety industry in the United States is undergoing rapid transformation, driven by labor constraints, evolving threats of perimeter intrusion to large facilities, and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation.

The demand for scalable, technology-driven public safety solutions is increasing as organizations seek more cost-effective and proactive methods to enhance safety.

Key Market Trends Driving Demand

● In the United States, as of 2024, there are over 11,000 private security firms [per IBISWorld Industrial Reports] and 18,000 law enforcement agencies [per the International Association of Chief of Police] that rely on outdated, labor-intensive security methods.

● Per Amarok Ultimate Perimeter Security, out of a recent survey of 400 security guard firms in the United States, 34% responded that their staff numbers were still well below pre-pandemic levels.

● Rising costs to implement public safety have driven businesses and municipalities to invest in technology-driven solutions that offer 24/7 surveillance at a lower operational cost.

● Over the last three years, there has been a growing investment in public safety and emergency communication systems by corporate, municipal, and federal agencies.

Key Challenges with Traditional Public Safety Solutions

● Rising labor costs - The U.S.

security guard industry has faced wage inflation, making it increasingly expensive to maintain 24/7 human patrols.

● Workforce shortages – Per Security Magazine, security firms struggle to recruit and retain personnel, with turnover rates that range from 100% to 400% annually.

● Limited real-time response capabilities - Human guards and passive surveillance cameras often fail to prevent incidents before they occur.

● Increased liability risks - Organizations are facing greater legal and financial exposure due to security lapses.

Market Opportunity

● Per Horizon Grand View Research, the U.S.

physical security market is projected to reach $56.8 billion by 2030, driven by technological advancements and heightened public safety concerns.

● Per Market Research Future, AI-powered surveillance and autonomous security solutions are expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 15.3% during the forecast period 2025- 2034, outpacing traditional security services.

● Government investment in security technology has expanded significantly, with U.S.

federal agencies allocating billions to enhance public safety initiatives in 2024.

Our Market Positioning

Knightscope is well-positioned to capitalize on these trends by providing a cost-effective, scalable alternative to traditional public safety solutions.

Our combination of autonomous security robots, ECDs, and AI-driven analytics offers:

● 24/7 security solution that delivers greater effectiveness at lower cost than traditional security guards—combining machine-driven insights with human-in-the-loop operations to enhance safety, responsiveness, and decision.

● Real-time threat detection and response to improve incident prevention.

● Compliance-ready solutions for federal, state, and municipal security requirements.

● With growing adoption across corporate, educational, healthcare, transportation, and government sectors, Knightscope is driving the next generation of public safety innovation in the United States.

Our Competitive Advantage

Knightscope’s technology provides a cost-effective, scalable alternative to traditional security solutions.

Our ASRs and ECDs enhance public safety through conspicuous presence, automated routine monitoring, and improved response times.

● ASRs can operate 24/7 with no downtime, reducing reliance on expensive security personnel.

● AI-powered analytics provide real-time data for faster, more informed decision-making.

● Emergency communication solutions are integrated into a cloud-based system, ensuring reliability in crisis situations.

Our Technologies

Knightscope offers a comprehensive suite of public safety technologies designed to enhance safety and support security personnel in various environments.

These solutions integrate advanced robotics, AI, and real-time monitoring to provide a proactive approach to public safety.

We use AI to continuously monitor security feeds across our product portfolio.

Real-team AI-powered alerts can be configured to trigger when people or vehicles matching a certain description are observed.

Knightscope also offers AI-powered search tools, intended to make finding relevant security footage captured by our products, quick and easy.

● The K3 Indoor Autonomous Security Robot is a compact, self-navigating unit designed for enclosed spaces such as corporate offices, hospitals, and shopping centers.

Equipped with 360-degree high-definition cameras, thermal imaging, LiDAR-based obstacle detection, and two-way communication capabilities, the K3 provides continuous AI-driven monitoring and real-time threat detection.

Its ability to patrol autonomously allows organizations to reduce reliance on human guards while increasing surveillance coverage.

● The K5 Outdoor Autonomous Security Robot is a larger, more robust unit built for external environments like parking lots, logistics facilities, and corporate campuses.

This model features advanced AI-powered analytics, including license plate recognition, thermal imaging, and anomaly detection, providing a visible deterrent against crime.

Its integration with the KSOC enables public safety teams to receive real-time alerts, access recorded footage, and coordinate incident responses more effectively.

● The K1 Hemisphere , with its smaller profile, is a stationary unit designed for both indoor and outdoor use.

The Hemisphere can easily be mounted to a variety of surfaces or objects and has 3 cameras that provide up to 210-degrees of eye-level, high-definition video, a strobe light, automatic license plate recognition, facial recognition (optional), automated broadcast announcements, and intercom capability running on a wired or wireless network.

The dimensions of the K1 Hemisphere are:

24 inches, Depth:

10 inches, Weight:

K1 Blue Light Tower

The K1 Blue Light Tower emergency phone is for outdoor use and delivers completely wireless emergency phone operation, 24/7/365, even in harsh weather conditions with voice connectivity, broadcast warning capability, a flashing strobe, and night area illumination to assist responders in locating callers.

The approximate dimensions of the K1 Blue Light Tower are:

12 feet, Width:

less than one foot, Weight:

K1 Blue Light Emergency Phone

The K1 Blue Light Emergency Phone is a compact, full-featured emergency calling solution for indoor and outdoor use.

It is ideally suited for areas with limited space and offers one-touch connectivity and a high-visibility blue strobe in places tower designs may not fit.

The E-Phone enhances public safety by providing robust, reliable, and clear voice-to-voice communication over a cellular network.

The dimensions of the K1 Blue Light Emergency Phone are:

31.5 inches, Width:

10.5 inches, Weight:

The K1 Call Box is our smallest emergency call box system, delivering one-touch connection with a simple housing and interface.

Call Boxes are typically mounted to a pole for outdoor use and can be outfitted with solar charging capabilities.

Like all Knightscope emergency communications devices, it can provide a completely wireless solution for emergency phone calls, or it can be adapted to work with existing nearby wiring.

Designed to work with hands-free ease, a handset, and TTY pad are additional options available on this device.

The dimensions of the K1 Call Box are:

19.6 inches, Width:

15.3 inches, Weight:

The KSOC is our intuitive, browser-based interface that, coupled with our ASRs, and other line of products, provides our clients and security professionals with “smart mobile eyes and ears and voice – on the ground”.

Once alerted of an abnormal event, such as a person spotted during a specific time in a particular location, authorized users can view the live stream of data in the KSOC from each of the ASRs in the user’s network, accessing it from a 911 dispatch center, security operations center or a remote laptop.

The KEMS platform allows clients and technicians to better understand the real-time health and status of K1 Blue Light Towers, E-Phones and Call Boxes in network.

The cloud-based application monitors the system wide state-of-health, alerts users of operational issues, provides technicians with real-time error detection/diagnostics, and collects/reports system performance statics.

The Company has built a custom set of tools that enables our employees to manage and monitor the network of ASRs and other Knightscope technologies operating in the field nationwide, which it refers to as the Knightscope Network Operations Center (“KNOC”).

● Central to Knightscope's ASR offerings is the KSOC , a browser-based user interface that enables clients to monitor and manage their ASRs in real-time.

The KSOC provides access to live 360-degree high-definition video streaming, recorded video storage, and downloadable files for evidence collection.

It also features capabilities such as people detection, thermal anomaly detection for identifying heat irregularities, and automatic license plate recognition for vehicle monitoring.

This integrated platform ensures that security teams have immediate access to actionable intelligence, enhancing situational awareness and response times.

● The Company has built a custom set of tools that enables our employees to manage and monitor the network of ASRs and other Knightscope technologies operating in the field nationwide, which it refers to as KNOC .

These tools allow our team to monitor the health of the ASRs down to the millisecond, with dozens of alerts related to critical indicators and statistics, including charging, software, navigation and temperatures.

We also use the KNOC to execute over-the-air software upgrades, patches and other related items.

The KNOC is staffed 24/7 by the Company in the U.S.

Knightscope+ is a virtual monitoring and response solution providing an alternative for client sites that do not have the resources to receive and respond to alerts generated by Knightscope’s ASRs and other products.

The service enables a full-service solution for ASR clients, including but not limited to, alerts, broadcast messaging, and two-way communications.

Knightscope+ operators have extensive training and experience related to remote monitoring for greater situational awareness.

Remote monitoring is an optional service that can be bundled into MaaS subscriptions.

Products in Development

The Company recently announced that its K7 multi-terrain ASR is under concept development.

The K7 is expected to have the same features as the K5, but to employ four wheels for use on more rugged outdoor terrain such as dirt, sand, gravel and much larger environments.

We expect that the K7 could be utilized at airfields, power utilities, borders, solar farms, wind farms or oil or gas fields as well as at numerous existing clients.

While this technology builds on a great deal of our technology stack, we anticipate that its development will require significant additional time and resources before it can be launched into full-scale production.

Knightscope clients use the Company’s technology to protect people and assets.

Our products are designed to enhance safety in public and private places by providing rapid communication and monitoring capabilities to small or large, remote, and inhospitable environments.

The Company’s clients use Knightscope products to monitor or respond to medical emergencies, weather-related issues, and natural disasters, as well as to discourage, detect, and alert them of potential criminal activity.

Knightscope’s ASRs, and K1B ECDs provide our clients with the ability to augment their existing security infrastructure, enabling human security resources to be more strategic in their approach to security.

Our ASRs, and ECDs have been deployed across a broad range of clients, including but not limited to casinos, corporations, law enforcement, municipalities, universities, and property management companies.

In addition, Knightscope continues to partner with strategic resellers for our K1B portfolio, such as value-added resellers offering safety equipment looking to augment the security solutions offered to their customers with advanced technology.

Marketing and Sales

The Company has been able to successfully sell new contracts through virtual private demonstrations and live demonstrations with decision makers utilizing its innovative “Robot Roadshow” which has been instrumental in securing stakeholder ‘buy in’ to help close more contracts.

The initiative entails a cross-country tour of a physical “Pod” housing numerous ASRs, the K1 Blue Light Emergency Phone, and Knightscope’s new Automated Gunshot Detection system, providing a one-on-one hybrid offline/online selling technique with in-person robots and telepresence and/or onsite sales staff.

On January 3, 2024, the Company announced that it achieved an Authority-to-Operate (“ATO”) from the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (“FedRAMP”).

The federal government adopted the Cloud First Policy, which requires all cloud service providers that hold federal data to be FedRAMP certified.

FedRAMP compliance is one of the factors that enables Knightscope to do business with federal agencies.

We regularly advertise in the media through various online and offline channels.

The KNOC is staffed 24/7 by the Company in the United States.

● Knightscope's RTX team offers clients a comprehensive, human-in-the-loop monitoring service that enhances the capabilities of their ASRs running 24/7.

Once operational for a client, RTX analysts provide proactive monitoring by verifying alerts triggered by Knightscope devices.

They engage in live streaming and review of all ASR camera feeds upon receiving alerts, which may include detecting suspicious individuals, unauthorized vehicles identified through license plate recognition, or other predefined security breaches.

In the event of an incident, RTX analysts can perform digital talk-downs to intervene directly, conduct virtual public safety tours, and generate detailed incident reports for clients.

This integrated approach is intended for clients to benefit from advanced technological surveillance complemented by human expertise, leading to a more robust and responsive security posture.

By combining autonomous monitoring with professional oversight, Knightscope's RTX service enhances threat detection, reduces response times, and provides clients with actionable intelligence to maintain safer environments.

In addition to ASRs, Knightscope provides a range of emergency communication solutions.

● The K1 Blue Light Towers are solar-powered, highly visible emergency communication stations that provide immediate access to emergency response personnel or law enforcement.

Equipped with cellular and satellite connectivity, integrated cameras, and public announcement system capabilities, these towers are designed to enhance safety in parking lots, public parks, and college campuses.

● The K1 Blue Light E-Phone is a compact emergency phone system that delivers one-touch connectivity and features a high-visibility blue strobe light, making it suitable for areas where larger tower designs may not fit.

Its durable, tamperproof, and weatherproof construction is intended to provide reliable operation in harsh conditions, while the illuminated front call panel facilitates nighttime use.

The K1 Blue Light E-Phone supports two-way communications over various networks, including Verizon, AT&T, and Iridium® Satellite, providing flexibility and reliability in diverse settings.

This device is designed for locations such as parking lots, building interiors, college campuses, electric vehicle charging stations, transit stations, and office spaces, where space constraints require a streamlined yet effective emergency communication solution.

● The K1 Call Box is Knightscope's smallest emergency call box system, offering a simple housing and interface for one-touch connection to emergency services.

Designed for both indoor and outdoor use, with features and functionalities similar to our E-phones, the K1 Call Box is suitable for remote locations where traditional communication infrastructure may be lacking.

This device is particularly beneficial in areas such as bridges, highways, parks, metro stations, military installations, and remote parking lots, where immediate access to emergency assistance is crucial.

● Complementing the ECD products is the KEMS , a cloud-based application that monitors the health and status of deployed emergency communication devices.

KEMS provides system owners with automated daily email reports, real-time error detection, and diagnostics, eliminating the need for manual testing of each device.

Immediate text and email notifications are sent whenever a help button is pressed, in order to provide prompt responses to emergencies.

This system enhances the reliability and effectiveness of emergency communication networks, providing peace of mind to clients and users alike.

Additionally, through a partnership with Verizon, all ASR and ECD are now able to be equipped with Verizon Frontline, an exclusive network used for priority communications by first responders.

Through this growing product portfolio, Knightscope continues to redefine security and public safety by merging robotics, AI, and emergency communication into an integrated, technology-driven ecosystem.

By offering both proactive security monitoring through ASRs and reactive emergency communication through ECDs, the Company provides a holistic approach to modern public safety challenges.

Business Strategy

Knightscope is focused on driving growth through two key strategic initiatives:

expanding our market penetration in Emergency Communication Devices and increasing the installed base of our Autonomous Security Robots.

Additionally, we continue to innovate with new product introductions that enhance our value proposition and provide comprehensive safety solutions to our clients.

Scaling ASR Deployment and Recurring Revenue Growth

Knightscope’s ASR business model is centered on increasing our installed base, leveraging our Machine-as-a-Service (MaaS) subscription framework to drive cumulative recurring revenue.

Each new subscription enhances long-term revenue streams while providing clients with advanced public safety solutions that are designed to operate 24/7.

Our ASRs, including the K3 indoor robot, K5 outdoor robot, and upcoming K7 ASR, serve as force multipliers, augmenting human security teams and providing real-time monitoring through the KSOC.

We believe the ability to scale ASR installations across diverse environments—including corporate campuses, logistics hubs, hospitals, and public infrastructure—positions us for sustained growth.

Expanding Market Presence in Emergency Communication

We are committed to strengthening our leadership in ECDs by increasing market penetration across colleges, corporate campuses, parking facilities, public parks, and other high-traffic environments where reliable emergency response solutions are essential.

Our K1 Blue Light Towers, K1 Blue Light Emergency Phones, and K1 Call Boxes provide mission-critical, always-available communication for individuals in distress, providing immediate connectivity to security personnel and emergency responders.

With nearly 10,000 machines-in-network across the United States, we aim to build upon this foundation by integrating new features and expanding adoption in both public and private sectors.

Innovating with New Public Safety Technologies

Product innovation remains a core pillar of our growth strategy.

We are actively developing new solutions that enhance public safety, security, efficiency, and situational awareness for our clients.

Two key anticipated product launches include:

● K7 Autonomous Security Robot is designed to address the public safety needs of large, complex environments such as airports, industrial zones, and university campuses.

With light duty off-road capabilities and AI-driven route optimization, the K7 ASR is designed to allow for broad security coverage in areas where traditional ASRs or stationary cameras are insufficient.

This ASR is intended to significantly enhance automated perimeter patrolling, improving surveillance efficiency for expansive properties and is planned to commence production in 2026.

● K1 SuperTower is a next-generation public safety technology integrating several capabilities into a comprehensive offering.

It will introduce an all-new next-generation set of technologies to continue the overhaul of the U.S.

public safety infrastructure with AI capabilities.

This innovative solution is designed to provide multiple features to enhance public safety within a single unit, making it a valuable addition to high-risk or remote areas.

The K1 SuperTower is planned to commence production in 2026.

By continuously working to evolve our technology portfolio and integrate advanced AI-driven analytics, we aim to provide cutting-edge public safety and security solutions that meet the evolving needs of businesses, municipalities, and law enforcement agencies.

Research and Development

Our research and development efforts focus primarily on the development of robust base technology, new technology as well as scaling efforts.

In addition, we will continue to enhance our ASR and K1B, capabilities and features, and the functionality of the KSOC and KEMSs software platforms.

In January 2024, we received our ATO from FedRAMP, sponsored by the U.S.

Department of Veterans Affairs.

FedRAMP is a government-wide program that provides a standardized approach to security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud products and services.

FedRAMP compliance is one of the factors that enables Knightscope to do business with federal agencies.

This achievement means that Knightscope can be listed on the FedRAMP Marketplace as an approved provider for federal agencies as a next step and can also begin its deployment processes to perform on the contract awarded by the U.S.

Our research and development efforts focus primarily on the development of our base technology, exploring new technology, as well as our scaling efforts.

We plan to continue to enhance our ASR and ECD capabilities and features, as well as the functionality of the KSOC and KEMS software platforms.

In February 2025, we received our full ATO which allows Knightscope to do business with federal agencies.

This achievement means that Knightscope can be listed on the FedRAMP Marketplace as an approved provider for federal agencies, and as a result we have already deployed a pilot program under a contract with the U.S.

Department of Veteran Affairs (the “VA”) for its first K5 GOV.

1 unchanged sentence

Federal Government.

Additionally, the Company has been awarded a Phase 1 contract from the U.S.

Air Force in 2025.

Intellectual Property

The Company holds twelve patents collectively covering its ASRs, the security data analysis and display features of the KSOC and its parking monitor feature.

The Company also has pending patent applications relating to its ASRs, KSOC, parking monitor feature, behavioral autonomous technology and the ASRs’ behavioral autonomous technology relating to visible weapon detection.

The Company holds twelve patents collectively related to its ASRs, the security data analysis and display features of the KSOC and its parking monitor feature that will begin to expire starting January 16, 2035.

The Company owns a trademark registration for its name “Knightscope” in the U.S.

On August 10, 2021, the Company filed two trademark applications (Serial Numbers:

90875695 for LONG KNIGHTSCOPE.

SHORT THE CRIMINALS and 90875697 for $KSCP).

On August 10, 2021, the Company filed two trademark applications.

The Company relies and expects to continue to rely on a combination of confidentiality agreements with its employees, consultants, and third parties with whom it has relationships, as well as trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret, and domain name protection laws, to protect its proprietary rights.

Manufacturing and Suppliers

Knightscope assembles its ASRs at its Mountain View, California headquarters and ECDs in Downey and Irvine, California from components manufactured by more than 100 suppliers.

The Company’s top three suppliers, measured by spending, are Alco Metal Fab, based in Santa Ana, California, Advanced Interconnection Technologies, based in Anaheim, California, and E and M Electric and Machinery Inc., based in Healdsburg, California.

Knightscope manufactures all its products at its Mountain View, California headquarters from components produced by more than 100 suppliers.

The Company’s top three suppliers, measured by spending, are Alco Metal Fab, based in Santa Ana, California, Sybridge Digital Solutions LLC, based in Chicago, Illinois, and E and M Electric and Machinery Inc., based in Healdsburg, California.

The Company is not highly dependent on any one supplier and believes it can source components from other suppliers and has done so when necessary.

In order to optimize our ability to serve our clients, we have partnered with one of our strategic investors, Konica Minolta, Inc., among others, to train their technicians to service, maintain and support our machines-in-network and assist us with our nationwide scaling efforts.

As our fleet of deployed ASRs and K1B devices grows, the Company has engaged additional third-party service providers with broad geographic footprints to support our clients.

Given the global nature of our supply chain, we may face risks relating to the imposition by the United States of tariffs on foreign imports.

Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Business and the Global Economy—Our business could be adversely affected by trade tariffs or other trade barriers .

In order to optimize our ability to serve our clients, we have partnered with field services companies to train their technicians to service, maintain and support our machines-in-network and assist us with our nationwide scaling efforts.

As our fleet of deployed ASRs and ECD devices grows, the Company has engaged these third-party service providers with broad geographic footprints to support our clients.

We believe that by opting to outsource field services, Knightscope is able to laser-focus on what we do best:

innovation and product development.

innovation and technology development.

This strategic move not only streamlines our operations but also grants us access to specialized expertise and reach without the overhead of developing these capabilities in-house.

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Ultimately, outsourcing empowers us to dedicate more resources to strategic planning and innovation, allowing us to focus on staying ahead in the competitive technology landscape.

At the moment, we are not aware of any direct competitors for our ASR products in the advanced physical security technology space that have viable commercial products in the USA, addressing both outdoor and indoor applications, at the same scale as Knightscope.

It is a common misconception outside of the security industry that we compete against closed-circuit television (“CCTV”) providers.

We do not believe that they are competitive products because cameras do not provide a physical presence, are typically used for forensics after an event, and do not offer a client the plethora of capabilities available with our technologies.

We believe that having these two types of systems working together provide a more holistic approach to promoting safety and reducing crime.

While traditional human guards provide a closer competitor in some cases, we believe that utilizing our “Software, Hardware, Humans” approach is much more effective.

We are aware of a start-up, SMP Robotics Services Corp.

(“SMP”), which produces an outdoor autonomous security platform that it markets through third-party distributors which has primarily been focused on international markets but appears to be attempting re-entry to the U.S.

We had previously listed Gamma 2 Robotics and SHARP Electronics as potential competitors in this space.

However, according to industry sources, we understand that both Gamma 2 Robotics and SHARP Electronics have ceased operations in the security robot space after failed attempts to enter the market.

Cobalt Robotics, a company exclusively focused on indoor applications, may be considered a partial competitor.

Additionally, Turing AI has recently begun offering an indoor-only robot and Robotic Assistance Devices, a subsidiary of Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions has continued to grow its stationary fixed device offerings, similar to other fixed solutions, such as those offered by Verkada.

Flock Safety provides advanced security and surveillance solutions primarily focused on license plate reading and vehicle recognition technology, though they do not offer the mobility or range of a robot.

Similarly, there are numerous startups focused on fixed camera crime analytics.

We do not actively compete against security companies, although sometimes clients will choose our ASRs instead of a security personnel.

We augment clients’ security apparatus by providing technology to better monitor and safeguard assets and people.

Our ASRs offer clients a significant cost reduction relative to the cost of human security guards.

In addition, ASRs offer significantly more capabilities, such as license plate detection, data gathering, thermal imaging and people detection that are delivered consistently, on a 24-hour, 7 day per week basis, without regular human intervention.

In certain cases, our technology complements and improves the operations of traditional security firms.

Competitors for our K1B portfolio include Code Blue Corporation, Talk-a-Phone, GaiTronics (“Hubbell”), and Rath.

To differentiate its towers and call boxes from the competition, Knightscope has focused on providing its clients with self-sufficient solutions that include the use of solar power and wireless communications, requiring that no power infrastructure be in place in order for the products to work or landlines, making for easier installation and maintenance.

Knightscope competes in multiple industries by offering autonomous security robotics, emergency communication devices, and AI-driven public safety solutions.

Its key competitors fall into three primary categories:

traditional public safety and security services, autonomous security robotics, and emergency communication systems.

● Competition with Traditional Public Safety and Security Services -Knightscope directly competes with human-based guarding companies such as Allied Universal, Securitas, and G4S.

These companies rely on human guards to provide safety and security, whereas Knightscope’s robots offer a cost-effective, 24/7 alternative that address the risks of fatigue, human error, or turnover.

By automating surveillance and security patrols, Knightscope aims to reduce dependency on human guards while enhancing security coverage with AI-powered monitoring and data analytics.

● Competition in Autonomous Security Robotics – Knightscope is one of the pioneers in ASRs, but it faces competition from companies such as Asylon Robotics and SMP Robotics.

Asylon Robotics specializes in drone-based security rather than ground-based ASRs.

SMP Robotics builds outdoor patrol robots similar to Knightscope’s K5 model but focuses more on rugged environments.

Knightscope differentiates itself through a broader product lineup that includes not only robots but also a complete public and asset safety ecosystem with emergency communication devices and AI-based threat detection.

● Competition in Emergency Communication Systems – Through its acquisition of Case Emergency Systems (“CASE”), Knightscope now competes with Code Blue Corporation, Aiphone, and Talkaphone in the blue light emergency communication market.

These companies manufacture emergency call boxes and blue light towers for college campuses, parking lots, and public spaces.

Knightscope sets itself apart by integrating advanced AI analytics, gunshot detection, and monitoring software like KEMS into its K1 Blue Light Towers, E-Phones, and Call Boxes.

While Knightscope competes against traditional public safety and security firms, robotic security companies, and emergency communication providers, we believe that no other company offers an integrated public safety platform that combines autonomous security robots, emergency communication devices, and AI-driven monitoring under a single ecosystem.

Knightscope’s KSOC provides a centralized dashboard for real-time monitoring, while RTX offers human-in-the-loop services for remote intervention.

Government Regulation

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Backlog and Seasonality

As of December 31, 2023, we had orders representing approximately $3.4 million in new contracts outstanding that we expect to be able to deliver within the year based on production capacity.

Of the total sales outstanding as of December 31, 2023, $2.3 million represent MaaS agreements for ASR deployments and $1.1 million relates to orders for K1B.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a total backlog of approximately $1.7 million, comprised of $0.4 million related to ASR orders and $1.3 million relates to orders for ECD.

We have not experienced any significant effects relating to seasonality for our products and services.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 95 full-time employees and one part-time employee working primarily out of our combined headquarters and production facility in Mountain View, California and production facilities in Downey and Irvine, California.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 71 full-time employees working out of our combined headquarters and production facility in Mountain View, California as well as remotely.

We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements.

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We make these reports available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC.

We regularly post important information and updates on our investor relations website at ir.knightscope.com.

The information provided on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, or incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 1. Business