Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as "approximates," "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "plans," "would," "may" or other similar expressions in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-looking statements are beyond our ability to control or predict. For further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements, see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2024 ("Annual Report") and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report.
For these forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by
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the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Organization and Basis of Presentation
JBG SMITH Properties ("JBG SMITH"), a Maryland real estate investment trust, owns, operates, invests in and develops mixed-use properties in high growth and high barrier-to-entry submarkets in and around Washington, D.C., most notably National Landing. Through an intense focus on placemaking, JBG SMITH cultivates vibrant, amenity-rich, walkable neighborhoods throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Approximately 75.0% of our holdings are in the National Landing submarket in Northern Virginia, which is anchored by four key demand drivers: Amazon.com, Inc.'s ("Amazon") new headquarters; Virginia Tech's under-construction $1 billion Innovation Campus; the submarket’s proximity to the Pentagon; and our retail and digital placemaking initiatives and public infrastructure improvements. In addition, our third-party asset management and real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services to the legacy funds formerly organized by The JBG Companies ("JBG") (the "JBG Legacy Funds") and other third parties.
Substantially all our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, JBG SMITH Properties LP ("JBG SMITH LP"), our operating partnership. JBG SMITH is referred to herein as "we," "us," "our" or other similar terms. References to "our share" refer to our ownership percentage of consolidated and unconsolidated assets in real estate ventures, but exclude our: (i) 10.0% subordinated interest in one commercial building, (ii) 33.5% subordinated interest in four commercial buildings (the "Fortress Assets") and (iii) 49.0% interest in three commercial buildings (the "L'Enfant Plaza Assets"), as well as the associated non-recourse mortgage loans, held through unconsolidated real estate ventures; these interests and debt are excluded because our investment in each real estate venture is zero, we do not anticipate receiving any near-term cash flow distributions from the real estate ventures, and we have not guaranteed their obligations or otherwise committed to providing financial support.
We were organized for the purpose of receiving, via the spin-off on July 17, 2017 (the "Separation"), substantially all of the assets and liabilities of Vornado Realty Trust's ("Vornado") Washington, D.C. segment. On July 18, 2017, we acquired the management business, and certain assets and liabilities of JBG (the "Combination"). The Separation and the Combination are collectively referred to as the "Formation Transaction."
References to our financial statements refer to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. References to our balance sheets refer to our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. References to our statements of operations refer to our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. References to our statements of cash flows refer to our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
The accompanying financial statements and notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as dividends to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income which is distributed to its shareholders. We currently adhere and intend to continue to adhere to these requirements and to maintain our REIT status in future periods. We also participate in the activities conducted by our subsidiary entities that have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries under the Code. As such, we are subject to federal, state and local taxes on the income from those activities.
We aggregate our operating segments into three reportable segments (multifamily, commercial, and third-party asset management and real estate services) based on the economic characteristics and nature of our assets and services.
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Our revenues and expenses are, to some extent, subject to seasonality during the year, which impacts quarterly net earnings, cash flows and funds from operations; this seasonality affects the sequential comparison of our results in individual quarters over time. For instance, we have historically experienced higher utility costs in the first and third quarters of the year.
We compete with many property owners and developers. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends affecting national and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, the availability and cost of capital, interest rates, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations and legislation, population trends, zoning laws, and our ability to lease, sublease or sell our assets at profitable levels. Our success is also subject to our ability to refinance existing debt on acceptable terms as it comes due.
Overview
As of September 30, 2024, our Operating Portfolio consisted of 41 operating assets comprising 16 multifamily assets totaling 6,781 units (6,781 units at our share), 23 commercial assets totaling 7.2 million square feet (6.9 million square feet at our share) and two wholly owned land assets for which we are the ground lessor. Additionally, we have one under-construction multifamily asset with 775 units (775 units at our share) and 18 assets in the development pipeline totaling 11.4 million square feet (9.3 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density.
We continue to implement our comprehensive plan to reposition our holdings in the National Landing submarket in Northern Virginia by executing a broad array of placemaking strategies. Our placemaking includes the delivery of new multifamily and office developments, locally sourced amenity retail, and thoughtful improvements to the streetscape, sidewalks, parks and other outdoor gathering spaces. In keeping with our dedication to placemaking, each new project is intended to contribute to authentic and distinct neighborhoods by creating a vibrant street environment with robust retail offerings and other amenities, including improved public spaces. To that end, we saw the delivery of two placemaking projects, Water Park and Surreal in 2023. In the second quarter of 2024, we delivered The Grace and Reva, formerly known collectively as 1900 Crystal Drive, with 808 units and approximately 38,000 square feet of retail space. Additionally, the digital infrastructure investments we are making are advancing our efforts to make National Landing among the first 5G-operable submarkets in the nation.
Outlook
A fundamental component of our strategy to maximize long-term net asset value ("NAV") per share is active capital allocation. We evaluate development, acquisition, disposition, share repurchases and other investment decisions based on how they may impact long-term NAV per share. We intend to continue to opportunistically sell or recapitalize assets as well as land sites where a ground lease or joint venture execution may represent the most attractive path to maximizing value. Successful execution of our capital allocation strategy enables us to source capital at NAV from the disposition of assets generating low cash yields and invest those proceeds in new acquisitions with higher cash yields and growth, development projects with significant yield spreads and profit potential, and share repurchases. Consequently, at any given time, we expect to be in various stages of discussions and negotiations with potential buyers, real estate venture partners, ground lessors and other counterparties with respect to sales, joint ventures and/or ground leases for certain of our assets, including portfolios thereof. These discussions and negotiations may or may not lead to definitive documentation or closed transactions. While current market conditions have significantly slowed down the pace of asset sales, we anticipate redeploying the proceeds from any sales will not only help fund our planned growth but will also further advance the strategic shift of our portfolio to majority multifamily.
Our in-service multifamily portfolio, which refers to operating assets that are at or above 90% leased or have been operating and collecting rent for more than 12 months as of September 30, 2024, was 95.7% occupied as of September 30, 2024, an increase of 140 basis points as compared to June 30, 2024. During the third quarter of 2024, we increased effective rents, which represent the average change in rental rates versus expiring rental rates net of concessions, by 4.5% for new leases and 6.1% upon renewal while achieving a 60.0% renewal rate across our portfolio. Our recently delivered assets, The Grace and Reva, began leasing in January 2024 with move-ins commencing in February 2024 and delivery of all remaining units in the second quarter of 2024, with 64.7% and 56.8% leased as of September 30, 2024. We continue to advance our under-construction multifamily asset in National Landing, 2000/2001 South Bell Street (Valen and The Zoe), with 775 units
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expected to deliver in the third quarter of 2025. We expect that interest expense will increase as we deliver our under-construction assets and cease capitalizing interest on those assets.
Our office portfolio occupancy as of September 30, 2024 of 79.1% decreased by 150 basis points as compared to June 30, 2024. Although the office market continues to experience headwinds with companies continuing to challenge their space needs, we have seen some favorable trends in leasing activity and companies asking employees to return to the office. We anticipate approximately 475,000 square feet (approximately $21.5 million of annualized rent) will be vacated in National Landing, of which approximately two thirds will occur in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the remainder in the first half of 2025. Our efforts to re-lease certain spaces will be targeted toward buildings with long-term viability where we can concentrate occupancy, and we intend to take some of our other buildings out of service. In addition to 1800 South Bell Street, which we took out of service in the first quarter of 2024, we took 2100 Crystal Drive out of service when Amazon vacated in the second quarter of 2024. We are also phasing 2200 Crystal Drive out of service as leases expire. With the objective of ultimately reducing our competitive office inventory in National Landing, we expect to repurpose these older, obsolete and under-leased buildings for redevelopment, conversion to multifamily, hospitality or another specialty use.
We continue to advance the design and entitlement of our 11.4 million square feet (9.3 million square feet at our share) of estimated potential development density in our development pipeline and intend to look to source joint venture capital as a means of funding these developments as market conditions permit.
Operating Results
Key highlights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 included:
● net loss attributable to common shareholders of $27.0 million, or $0.32 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $58.0 million, or $0.58 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Net loss attributable to common shareholders of $83.6 million, or $0.95 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $47.4 million, or $0.45 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023;
● third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, of $17.1 million and $52.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $23.9 million and $69.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023;
● in-service operating multifamily portfolio leased and occupied percentages (1) at our share of 97.0% and 95.7% as of September 30, 2024 as compared to 96.9% and 94.3% as of June 30, 2024, and 96.9% and 95.6% as of September 30, 2023 ;
● operating commercial portfolio leased and occupied percentages at our share of 80.7% and 79.1% as of September 30, 2024 compared to 82.3% and 80.6% as of June 30, 2024, and 85.6% and 84.4% as of September 30, 2023;
● the leasing of 150,000 square feet at our share, at an initial rent (2) of $47.12 per square foot and a GAAP-basis weighted average rent per square foot (3) of $47.50 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and the leasing of 496,000 square feet at our share, at an initial rent (2) of $46.53 per square foot and a GAAP-basis weighted average rent per square foot (3) of $46.95 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024; and
● an increase in same store (4) NOI of 0.5% to $68.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $68.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and an increase in same store (4) NOI of 4.2% to $211.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $203.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(1) 2221 S. Clark Street - Residential and 900 W Street are excluded from leased and occupied percentages as they are operated as short-term rental properties.
(2) Represents the cash basis weighted average starting rent per square foot at our share, which excludes free rent, fixed escalations and percentage rent .
(3) Represents the weighted average rent per square foot recognized over the term of the respective leases, including the effect of free rent and fixed escalations, but excluding the effect of percentage rent.
(4) Includes the results of the properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared except for properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared.
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Additionally, investing and financing activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included:
● the sale of North End Retail and Fort Totten Square. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information;
● the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional information;
● the net borrowing of $28.0 million under our revolving credit facility;
● the repayment of the $83.3 million mortgage loan collateralized by 201 12th Street S., 200 12th Street S., and 251 18th Street S.;
● the one-year extension of the maturity date of the Tranche A-1 Term Loan to January 2026;
● the payment of dividends totaling $47.2 million and distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests of $8.7 million;
● the repurchase and retirement of 10.8 million of our common shares for $168.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.61; and
● the investment of $172.1 million in development costs, construction in progress and real estate additions.
Activity subsequent to September 30, 2024 included:
● the declaration of a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per common share, payable on November 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of November 7, 2024.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our Annual Report contains a description of our critical accounting estimates, including asset acquisitions, real estate, investments in real estate ventures and revenue recognition. There have been no significant changes to our policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements.
Results of Operations
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold North End Retail and Fort Totten Square. In 2023, we sold an 80.0% interest in 4747 Bethesda Avenue to an unconsolidated real estate venture, and we sold Falkland Chase-South & West and Falkland Chase-North ("Falkland Chase"), 5 M Street Southwest, Crystal City Marriott and Capital Point-North-75 New York Avenue. We collectively refer to these assets as the "Disposed Properties" in the discussion below. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2024, we began leasing The Grace and Reva.
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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to 2023
The following summarizes certain line items from our statements of operations that we believe are important in understanding our operations and/or those items which significantly changed in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
% Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Property rental revenue
$
113,349
$
120,294
(5.8)
%
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements
17,061
23,942
(28.7)
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
50,050
50,265
(0.4)
%
Property operating expense
39,258
37,588
4.4
%
Real estate taxes expense
11,812
14,413
(18.0)
%
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
11,881
11,246
5.6
%
Third-party real estate services
16,088
21,405
(24.8)
%
Interest expense
35,267
27,903
26.4
%
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(5,352)
906
(690.7)
%
Impairment loss
—
59,307
(100.0)
%
Property rental revenue decreased by approximately $6.9 million, or 5.8%, to $113.3 million in 2024 from $120.3 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $9.8 million decrease in revenue from our commercial assets, partially offset by a $2.2 million increase in revenue from our multifamily assets and a $697,000 increase in other revenue. The decrease in revenue from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, a $1.8 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and lower occupancy across the portfolio. The increase in revenue from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $3.6 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, decreased by approximately $6.9 million, or 28.7%, to $17.1 million in 2024 from $23.9 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.0 million decrease in development fees related to the timing of development projects, a $2.3 million decrease in reimbursement revenue and an $845,000 decrease in property management fees.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by approximately $215,000, or 0.4%, to $50.1 million in 2024 from $50.3 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $2.2 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street, which was taken out of service during the first quarter of 2024, (ii) a $1.6 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and (iii) a $1.6 million decrease related to 800 North Glebe Road and 2011 Crystal Drive due to the disposal of assets for tenant terminations in the first quarter of 2024. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense was partially offset by (iv) a $4.6 million increase related to The Grace and Reva.
Property operating expense increased by approximately $1.7 million, or 4.4%, to $39.3 million in 2024 from $37.6 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets and a $907,000 increase in other property operating expense, partially offset by a $308,000 decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets. The increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $1.8 million increase related to The Grace and Reva and higher operating expenses due to higher compensation expenses across the portfolio, partially offset by a $966,000 decrease related to the Disposed Properties. The increase in other property operating expense was primarily due to a $1.2 million increase in insurance claims covered by our captive insurance subsidiary. The decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $711,000 decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, a $642,000 decrease related to the Disposed Properties and lower operating expenses due to lower occupancy across the portfolio, partially offset by a $1.1 million increase in expenses related to 1550 Crystal Drive due to the phasing in of Water Park.
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Real estate taxes expense decreased by approximately $2.6 million, or 18.0%, to $11.8 million in 2024 from $14.4 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $1.6 million real estate tax refund as a result of successful appeals related to 2101 L Street, (ii) a $570,000 decrease related to the Disposed Properties and (iii) lower assessments across the portfolio, partially offset by (iv) an $836,000 increase related to The Grace and Reva.
General and administrative expense: corporate and other increased by approximately $635,000, or 5.6%, to $11.9 million in 2024 from $11.2 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation expenses, partially offset by an increase in capitalized payroll.
General and administrative expense: third-party real estate services decreased by approximately $5.3 million, or 24.8%, to $16.1 million in 2024 from $21.4 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower compensation expenses and lower third-party reimbursable expenses.
Interest expense increased by approximately $7.4 million, or 26.4%, to $35.3 million in 2024 from $27.9 million in 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to (i) a $5.1 million net increase due to higher outstanding debt, (ii) a $3.3 million decrease in capitalized interest as we placed The Grace and Reva into service and (iii) an $823,000 increase related to rising interest rates on variable rate mortgage loans. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by (iv) a $1.7 million decrease related to the mark-to-market associated with our non-designated derivatives primarily due to their maturity.
Loss on the sale of real estate of $5.4 million in 2024 was due to the sale of Fort Totten Square. Gain on the sale of real estate of $906,000 in 2023 was primarily due to the sale of Falkland Chase.
Impairment loss of $59.3 million in 2023 was related to 2101 L Street, 2100 Crystal Drive and a development parcel, which were written down to their estimated fair value.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to 2023
The following summarizes certain line items from our statements of operations that we believe are important in understanding our operations and/or those items which significantly changed in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
% Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Property rental revenue
$
348,521
$
364,919
(4.5)
%
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements
52,326
69,588
(24.8)
%
Depreciation and amortization expense
158,211
152,914
3.5
%
Property operating expense
110,791
109,112
1.5
%
Real estate taxes expense
40,006
44,061
(9.2)
%
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
43,855
42,462
3.3
%
Third-party real estate services
57,065
67,333
(15.2)
%
Interest expense
97,400
80,580
20.9
%
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(5,066)
41,606
(112.2)
%
Impairment loss
18,236
59,307
(69.3)
%
Property rental revenue decreased by approximately $16.4 million, or 4.5%, to $348.5 million in 2024 from $364.9 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $32.8 million decrease in revenue from our commercial assets, partially offset by an $11.9 million increase in other revenue and a $4.5 million increase in revenue from our multifamily assets. The decrease in revenue from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $10.7 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, an $8.4 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties and lower occupancy across the portfolio. The increase in other revenue was primarily due to $10.4 million in lease termination revenue. The increase in revenue from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $4.9 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by an $8.1 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
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Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, decreased by approximately $17.3 million, or 24.8%, to $52.3 million in 2024 from $69.6 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to an $8.1 million decrease in development fees related to the timing of development projects, a $6.0 million decrease in reimbursement revenue and a $2.6 million decrease in property management fees.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $5.3 million, or 3.5%, to $158.2 million in 2024 from $152.9 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to (i) an $11.1 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, (ii) a $6.9 million increase related to 2100 Crystal Drive due to the acceleration of depreciation of certain assets as the building was taken out of service in the second quarter of 2024, (iii) a $2.7 million increase related to various National Landing assets primarily due to placing Water Park and Surreal into service and (iv) a $2.1 million increase related to Crystal City Shops at 2100 due to the acceleration of depreciation. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was partially offset by (v) a $6.5 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, (vi) a $6.5 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street, which was taken out of service during the first quarter of 2024 and (vii) a $3.3 million decrease related to 8001 Woodmont due to the amortization of acquired in-place lease intangibles in 2023.
Property operating expense increased by approximately $1.7 million, or 1.5%, to $110.8 million in 2024 to $109.1 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $3.4 million increase in other property operating expense and a $1.5 million increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets, partially offset by a $3.3 million decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets. The increase in other property operating expense was primarily due to a $3.0 million increase in insurance claims covered by our captive insurance subsidiary. The increase in property operating expense from our multifamily assets was primarily due to a $3.8 million increase related to The Grace and Reva, and higher operating expenses due to higher compensation expenses across the portfolio, partially offset by a $2.3 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties. The decrease in property operating expense from our commercial assets was primarily due to a $2.5 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, a $1.9 million decrease related to 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, and lower operating expenses due to lower repair and maintenance expenses and marketing expenses across the portfolio, partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in expenses related to 1550 Crystal Drive due to the phasing in of Water Park.
Real estate taxes expense decreased by approximately $4.1 million, or 9.2%, to $40.0 million in 2024 from $44.1 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $2.3 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, (ii) a $1.6 million real estate tax refund as a result of successful appeals related to 2101 L Street and (iii) lower assessments across the portfolio, partially offset by (iv) a $2.2 million increase related to The Grace and Reva.
General and administrative expense: corporate and other increased by approximately $1.4 million, or 3.3%, to $43.9 million in 2024 from $42.5 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in capitalized payroll and higher compensation expenses.
General and administrative expense: third-party real estate services decreased by approximately $10.3 million, or 15.2%, to $57.1 million in 2024 from $67.3 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower third-party reimbursable expenses and lower compensation expenses.
Interest expense increased by approximately $16.8 million, or 20.9%, to $97.4 million in 2024 from $80.6 million in 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to (i) a $17.0 million net increase due to higher outstanding debt, (ii) a $6.8 million increase related to rising interest rates on variable rate mortgage loans and (iii) a $6.7 million decrease in capitalized interest as we placed The Grace and Reva into service. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by (iv) a $7.3 million decrease related to the mark-to-market associated with our non-designated derivatives primarily due to their maturity, (v) a $4.9 million decrease related to mortgage loans collateralized by 800 North Glebe Road, 2121 Crystal Drive, Falkland Chase, 201 12 th Street S., 200 12 th Street S. and 251 18 th Street S., which were repaid during 2023 and 2024, and (vi) a $2.1 million decrease related to the Disposed Properties, excluding Falkland Chase.
Loss on the sale of real estate of $5.1 million in 2024 was primarily due to the sale of North End Retail and Fort Totten Square, partially offset by the recognition of previously recorded contingent liabilities, which were relieved in connection with the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures. Gain on the sale of real estate of $41.6 million in 2023 was primarily due to the sale of 4747 Bethesda Avenue and Falkland Chase.
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Impairment loss of $18.2 million in 2024 was related to two development parcels, which were written down to their estimated fair value. Impairment loss of $59.3 million in 2023 was related to 2101 L Street, 2100 Crystal Drive and a development parcel, which were written down to their estimated fair value.
FFO
FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure computed in accordance with the definition established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") in the Nareit FFO White Paper - 2018 Restatement. Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization expense related to real estate, gains (losses) from the sale of certain real estate assets, gains (losses) from change in control and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity, including our share of such adjustments for unconsolidated real estate ventures.
We believe FFO is a meaningful non-GAAP financial measure useful in comparing our levered operating performance from period-to-period and as compared to similar real estate companies because FFO excludes real estate depreciation and amortization expense, which implicitly assumes that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time rather than fluctuating based on market conditions and other non-comparable income and expenses. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The following is the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to FFO:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In thousands)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(26,980)
$
(58,007)
$
(83,629)
$
(47,381)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(4,365)
(7,926)
(12,353)
(5,961)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
36
(168)
(10,931)
(703)
Net loss
(31,309)
(66,101)
(106,913)
(54,045)
(Gain) loss on the sale of real estate, net of tax
5,352
(906)
3,854
(41,606)
Gain on the sale of unconsolidated real estate assets
—
(641)
(480)
(641)
Real estate depreciation and amortization
48,385
48,568
153,203
147,681
Real estate impairment loss
—
59,307
—
59,307
Impairment related to unconsolidated real estate ventures (1)
—
3,319
—
3,319
Pro rata share of real estate depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated real estate ventures
796
2,984
3,086
8,855
FFO attributable to noncontrolling interests
—
168
—
703
FFO attributable to common limited partnership units ("OP Units")
23,224
46,698
52,750
123,573
FFO attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(3,725)
(6,600)
(8,238)
(17,050)
FFO attributable to common shareholders
$
19,499
$
40,098
$
44,512
$
106,523
(1) Related to decreases in the value of the underlying real estate assets.
NOI and Same Store NOI
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure management uses to assess an asset's performance. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only property related revenue (which includes base rent, tenant reimbursements and other operating revenue, net of free rent and payments associated with assumed lease liabilities) less operating expenses and ground rent for operating leases, if applicable. NOI also excludes deferred rent, related party management fees, interest expense, and certain other non-cash adjustments, including the accretion of acquired below-market leases and the amortization of acquired above-market leases and below-market ground lease intangibles. Management uses NOI as a supplemental performance measure of our assets and believes it provides useful information to investors because it reflects only those revenue and expense
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items that are incurred at the asset level, excluding non-cash items. In addition, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful starting point for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets. However, because NOI excludes depreciation and amortization expense and captures neither the changes in the value of our assets that result from use or market conditions, nor the level of capital expenditures and capitalized leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our assets, all of which have real economic effect and could materially impact the financial performance of our assets, the utility of NOI as a measure of the operating performance of our assets is limited. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define these measures differently. We believe to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders as presented in our financial statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or our ability to make distributions.
Information provided on a same store basis includes the results of properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared, which excludes disposed properties or properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, our same store pool decreased to 39 properties from 40 properties due to the sale of Fort Totten Square. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our same store pool decreased to 39 properties from 42 properties due to (i) the sale of North End Retail, Fort Totten Square and Central Place Tower, (ii) the exclusion of 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service, and (iii) the inclusion of 8001 Woodmont and 1831/1861 Wiehle Avenue as they were in service for the entirety of the comparable periods. While there is judgment surrounding changes in designations, a property is removed from the same store pool when the property is considered to be under-construction because it is undergoing significant redevelopment or renovation pursuant to a formal plan or is being repositioned in the market and such renovation or repositioning is expected to have a significant impact on property NOI. A development property or under-construction property is moved to the same store pool once a substantial portion of the growth expected from the development or redevelopment is reflected in both the current and comparable prior year period. Acquisitions are moved into the same store pool once we have owned the property for the entirety of the comparable periods and the property is not under significant development or redevelopment.
Same store NOI increased $331,000, or 0.5%, to $68.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $68.3 million for the same period in 2023. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was substantially attributable to (i) higher rents and occupancy and lower concessions, partially offset by higher operating expenses in our multifamily portfolio, and (ii) lower occupancy and recovery revenue in our commercial portfolio, partially offset by lower real estate taxes. Same store NOI increased $8.5 million, or 4.2%, to $211.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $203.1 million for the same period in 2023. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was substantially attributable to (i) higher rents and occupancy and lower concessions, partially offset by higher operating expenses in our multifamily portfolio, and (ii) lower real estate taxes and non-reimbursable operating expenses, partially offset by lower occupancy in our commercial portfolio.
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The following is the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders to NOI and same store NOI:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(26,980)
$
(58,007)
$
(83,629)
$
(47,381)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(4,365)
(7,926)
(12,353)
(5,961)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
36
(168)
(10,931)
(703)
Net loss
(31,309)
(66,101)
(106,913)
(54,045)
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense
50,050
50,265
158,211
152,914
General and administrative expense:
Corporate and other
11,881
11,246
43,855
42,462
Third-party real estate services
16,088
21,405
57,065
67,333
Share-based compensation related to Formation Transaction and special equity awards
—
46
—
397
Transaction and other costs
667
1,830
3,005
7,794
Interest expense
35,267
27,903
97,400
80,580
(Gain) loss on the extinguishment of debt
(43)
—
(43)
450
Impairment loss
—
59,307
18,236
59,307
Income tax expense (benefit)
831
77
(40)
672
Less:
Third-party real estate services, including reimbursements revenue
17,061
23,942
52,326
69,588
Other revenue
2,827
2,704
16,216
8,276
Income (loss) from unconsolidated real estate ventures, net
(745)
(2,263)
4
(1,320)
Interest and other income, net
4,573
7,774
10,105
14,132
Gain (loss) on the sale of real estate, net
(5,352)
906
(5,066)
41,606
Consolidated NOI
65,068
72,915
197,191
225,582
NOI attributable to unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share
1,292
5,374
5,506
14,977
Non-cash rent adjustments (1)
(3,817)
(5,226)
(7,756)
(19,914)
Other adjustments (2)
5,793
5,803
16,486
17,820
Total adjustments
3,268
5,951
14,236
12,883
NOI
68,336
78,866
211,427
238,465
Less: out-of-service NOI loss (3)
(2,261)
(995)
(7,632)
(2,606)
Operating Portfolio NOI
70,597
79,861
219,059
241,071
Non-same store NOI (4)
2,012
11,607
7,466
37,961
Same store NOI (5)
$
68,585
$
68,254
$
211,593
$
203,110
Change in same store NOI
0.5%
4.2%
Number of properties in same store pool
39
39
(1) Adjustment to exclude straight-line rent, above/below market lease amortization and lease incentive amortization.
(2) Adjustment to include other revenue and payments associated with assumed lease liabilities related to operating properties and to exclude commercial lease termination revenue and related party management fees.
(3) Includes the results of our under-construction assets and assets in the development pipeline.
(4) Includes the results of properties that were not in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared, including disposed properties, and properties for which significant redevelopment, renovation or repositioning occurred during either of the periods being compared.
(5) Includes the results of the properties that are owned, operated and in-service for the entirety of both periods being compared.
Reportable Segments
We review operating and financial data for each property on an individual basis; therefore, each of our individual properties is a separate operating segment. We define our reportable segments to be aligned with our method of internal reporting and the way our Chief Executive Officer, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), makes key operating decisions, evaluates financial results, allocates resources and manages our business. Accordingly, we aggregate our operating segments into three reportable segments (multifamily, commercial, and third-party asset management and real estate services) based on the economic characteristics and nature of our assets and services.
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The CODM measures and evaluates the performance of our operating segments, with the exception of the third-party asset management and real estate services business, based on the NOI of properties within each segment.
With respect to the third-party asset management and real estate services business, the CODM reviews revenue streams generated by this segment ("Third-party real estate services, including reimbursements"), as well as the expenses attributable to the segment ("General and administrative: third-party real estate services"), which are both disclosed separately in our statements of operations. The following represents the components of revenue from our third-party asset management and real estate services business:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In thousands)
Property management fees
$
4,065
$
4,910
$
12,312
$
14,879
Asset management fees
1,139
1,155
3,305
3,513
Development fees
324
4,296
981
9,038
Leasing fees
1,001
1,036
3,326
3,648
Construction management fees
343
266
903
909
Other service revenue
1,601
1,399
3,966
4,045
Third-party real estate services revenue, excluding reimbursements
8,473
13,062
24,793
36,032
Reimbursement revenue (1)
8,588
10,880
27,533
33,556
Third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements
17,061
23,942
52,326
69,588
Third-party real estate services expenses
16,088
21,405
57,065
67,333
Third-party real estate services revenue less expenses
$
973
$
2,537
$
(4,739)
$
2,255
(1) Represents reimbursements of expenses incurred by us on behalf of third parties, including allocated payroll costs and amounts paid to third-party contractors for construction management projects.
See discussion of third-party real estate services revenue, including reimbursements, and third-party real estate services expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 in the preceding pages under "Results of Operations."
Consistent with internal reporting presented to our CODM and our definition of NOI, the third-party asset management and real estate services operating results are excluded from the NOI data below. Property revenue is calculated as property rental revenue plus parking revenue. Property expense is calculated as property operating expenses plus real estate taxes. Consolidated NOI is calculated as property revenue less property expense. See Note 16 to the financial statements for the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders to consolidated NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
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The following is a summary of NOI by segment:
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
2024
2023
(In thousands)
Property revenue: (1)
Multifamily
$
54,895
$
52,709
$
159,944
$
155,581
Commercial
57,840
68,250
178,507
213,052
Other (2)
3,403
3,957
9,537
10,122
Total property revenue
116,138
124,916
347,988
378,755
Property expense: (3)
Multifamily
26,311
24,960
74,906
72,065
Commercial
23,298
27,076
72,705
81,895
Other (2)
1,461
(35)
3,186
(787)
Total property expense
51,070
52,001
150,797
153,173
Consolidated NOI:
Multifamily
28,584
27,749
85,038
83,516
Commercial
34,542
41,174
105,802
131,157
Other (2)
1,942
3,992
6,351
10,909
Consolidated NOI
$
65,068
$
72,915
$
197,191
$
225,582
(1) Includes property rental revenue and parking revenue.
(2) Includes activity related to development assets, corporate entities, land assets for which we are the ground lessor and the elimination of inter-segment activity.
(3) Includes property operating expenses and real estate taxes.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to 2023
Multifamily: Property revenue increased by $2.2 million, or 4.1%, to $54.9 million in 2024 from $52.7 million in 2023. Consolidated NOI increased by $835,000, or 3.0%, to $28.6 million in 2024 from $27.7 million in 2023. The increases in property revenue and consolidated NOI were primarily due to The Grace and Reva, which we began leasing during the first quarter of 2024, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by a decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
Commercial: Property revenue decreased by $10.4 million, or 15.3%, to $57.8 million in 2024 from $68.3 million in 2023. Consolidated NOI decreased by $6.6 million, or 16.1%, to $34.5 million in 2024 from $41.2 million in 2023. The decreases in property revenue and consolidated NOI were primarily due to 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, the Disposed Properties, and lower occupancy across the portfolio.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to 2023
Multifamily: Property revenue increased by $4.4 million, or 2.8%, to $159.9 million in 2024 from $155.6 million in 2023. Consolidated NOI increased by $1.5 million, or 1.8%, to $85.0 million in 2024 from $83.5 million in 2023. The increases in property revenue and consolidated NOI were primarily due to The Grace and Reva, which we began leasing during the first quarter of 2024, and higher rents and lower concessions across the portfolio, partially offset by a decrease related to the Disposed Properties.
Commercial: Property revenue decreased by $34.5 million, or 16.2%, to $178.5 million in 2024 from $213.1 million in 2023. Consolidated NOI decreased by $25.4 million, or 19.3%, to $105.8 million in 2024 from $131.2 million in 2023. The decreases in property revenue and consolidated NOI were primarily due to the Disposed Properties, 1800 South Bell Street and 2100 Crystal Drive, which were taken out of service during 2024, and lower occupancy across the portfolio.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Property rental income is our primary source of operating cash flow and depends on many factors including occupancy levels and rental rates, as well as our tenants' ability to pay rent. In addition, our third-party asset management and real estate services business provides fee-based real estate services to the JBG Legacy Funds and other third parties. Our assets provide a relatively consistent level of cash flow that enables us to pay operating expenses, debt service, recurring capital expenditures, dividends to shareholders, and distributions to holders of OP Units and long-term incentive partnership units ("LTIP Units"). Other sources of liquidity to fund cash requirements include proceeds from financings, recapitalizations, asset sales, and the issuance and sale of securities. We anticipate that cash flows from continuing operations and proceeds from financings, asset sales and recapitalizations, together with existing cash balances, will be adequate to fund our business operations, debt amortization, capital expenditures, any dividends to shareholders, and distributions to holders of OP Units and LTIP Units over the next 12 months.
Mortgage Loans
The following is a summary of mortgage loans:
Weighted Average
Effective
Interest Rate (1)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Variable rate (2)
6.12%
$
724,317
$
608,582
Fixed rate (3)
4.54%
1,104,606
1,189,643
Mortgage loans
1,828,923
1,798,225
Unamortized deferred financing costs and premium/discount, net
(12,767)
(15,211)
Mortgage loans, net
$
1,816,156
$
1,783,014
(1) Weighted average effective interest rate as of September 30, 2024.
(2) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rate cap agreements. For mortgage loans with interest rate caps, the weighted average interest rate cap strike was 3.56%, and the weighted average maturity date of the interest rate caps is in the fourth quarter of 2025. The interest rate cap strike is exclusive of the credit spreads associated with the mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2024, one-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") was 4.85%.
(3) Includes variable rate mortgage loans with interest rates fixed by interest rate swap agreements.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the net carrying value of real estate collateralizing our mortgage loans totaled $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion. Our mortgage loans contain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness on these properties and, in certain circumstances, require lender approval of tenant leases and/or yield maintenance upon repayment prior to maturity.
In September 2024, we repaid the $83.3 million mortgage loan collateralized by 201 12th Street S., 200 12th Street S., and 251 18th Street S.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had various interest rate swap and cap agreements on certain mortgage loans with an aggregate notional value of $1.7 billion. See Note 15 to the financial statements for additional information.
Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans
As of September 30, 2024, our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loans totaling $1.5 billion consisted of a $750.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in June 2027, a $200.0 million term loan ("Tranche A-1 Term Loan") maturing in January 2026, as extended in September 2024, a $400.0 million term loan ("Tranche A-2 Term Loan") maturing in January 2028 and a $120.0 million term loan ("2023 Term Loan") maturing in June 2028. The revolving credit facility has two six-month extension options, and the Tranche A-1 Term Loan has one remaining one-year extension option.
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The following is a summary of amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and term loans:
Effective
Interest Rate (1)
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
Revolving credit facility (2) (3)
6.46%
$
90,000
$
62,000
Tranche A-1 Term Loan (4)
5.34%
$
200,000
$
200,000
Tranche A-2 Term Loan (5)
4.20%
400,000
400,000
2023 Term Loan (6)
5.41%
120,000
120,000
Term loans
720,000
720,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs, net
(2,422)
(2,828)
Term loans, net
$
717,578
$
717,172
(1) Effective interest rate as of September 30, 2024. The interest rate for our revolving credit facility excludes a 0.15% facility fee.
(2) As of September 30, 2024, daily SOFR was 4.96%. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, letters of credit with an aggregate face amount of $15.7 million and $467,000 were outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
(3) As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, excludes $8.0 million and $10.2 million of net deferred financing costs related to our revolving credit facility that were included in "Other assets, net" in our balance sheets.
(4) As of September 30, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 4.00% through the extended maturity date of January 2027.
(5) As of September 30, 2024, the interest rate swaps fixed SOFR at a weighted average interest rate of 2.81% through the maturity date.
(6) As of September 30, 2024, the interest rate swap fixed SOFR at an interest rate of 4.01% through the maturity date.
Common Shares Repurchased
Our Board of Trustees has authorized the repurchase of up to $1.5 billion of our outstanding common shares. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased and retired 3.1 million and 10.8 million common shares for $50.2 million and $168.3 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $16.23 and $15.61. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased and retired 7.9 million and 18.4 million common shares for $120.8 million and $276.7 million, a weighted average purchase price per share of $15.24 and $14.98. Since we began the share repurchase program through September 30, 2024, we have repurchased and retired 56.6 million common shares for $1.1 billion, a weighted average purchase price per share of $19.88.
Purchases under the program are made either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us at our discretion and will be subject to economic and market conditions, share price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at our discretion without prior notice.
Material Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements for the next 12 months and beyond are to fund:
● normal recurring expenses;
● debt service and principal repayment obligations, including balloon payments on maturing mortgage loans — As of September 30, 2024, we had a $120.9 million non-recourse mortgage loan scheduled to mature in November 2024. In 2025, we have maturities totaling $340.7 million ($307.7 million related to our consolidated entities and $33.0 million related to an unconsolidated real estate venture at our share);
● capital expenditures, including major renovations, tenant improvements and leasing costs — As of September 30, 2024, we had committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.3 million ($43.2 million related to our consolidated entities and $126,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share);
● development expenditures — As of September 30, 2024, we had an asset under construction that, based on our current plans and estimates, requires an additional $51.1 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year;
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● dividends to shareholders and distributions to holders of OP Units and LTIP Units — On October 24, 2024, our Board of Trustees declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per common share;
● possible common share repurchases; and
● possible acquisitions of properties, either directly or indirectly through the acquisition of equity interests.
We expect to satisfy these needs using one or more of the following:
● cash and cash equivalents — As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $137.0 million ;
● cash flows from operations;
● distributions from real estate ventures;
● borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility — As of September 30, 2024, we had $644.3 million of availability under our revolving credit facility;
● proceeds from financings, asset sales and recapitalizations; and
● proceeds from the issuance of securities.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to the material cash requirements information presented in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report.
See additional information in the following pages under "Commitments and Contingencies."
Summary of Cash Flows
The following summary discussion of our cash flows is based on our statements of cash flows and is not meant to be an all-inclusive discussion of the changes in our cash flows:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024
2023
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
87,190
$
114,893
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
82,417
(123,240)
Net cash used in financing activities
(199,904)
(96,947)
Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash decreased $30.3 million to $170.1 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $200.4 million as of December 31, 2023. This decrease resulted from $199.9 million of net cash used in financing activities, partially offset by $87.2 million of net cash provided by operating activities and $82.4 million of net cash provided by investing activities. Our outstanding debt was $2.6 billion as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $87.2 million comprised: (i) $99.3 million of net income (before $201.2 million of non-cash items and a $5.1 million loss on the sale of real estate), (ii) $1.7 million of return on capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures and (iii) $13.8 million of net change in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash income adjustments of $201.2 million primarily include depreciation and amortization expense, share-based compensation expense, impairment loss, deferred rent and amortization of lease incentives.
Net cash provided by investing activities of $82.4 million primarily comprised: (i) $163.9 million of distributions of capital from unconsolidated real estate ventures and other investments primarily related to the sale of Central Place Tower by one of our unconsolidated real estate ventures, and (ii) $97.0 million of proceeds from the sale of real estate, partially offset by (iii) $172.1 million of development costs, construction in progress and real estate additions.
Net cash used in financing activities of $199.9 million primarily comprised: (i) $195.0 million of repayments on the revolving credit facility, (ii) $168.4 million of common shares repurchased, (iii) $85.7 million of repayments of mortgage loans, (iv) $47.2 million of dividends paid to common shareholders, (v) $26.6 million paid for the acquisition of
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noncontrolling interests and (vi) $8.7 million of distributions to our redeemable noncontrolling interests, partially offset by (vii) $223.0 million of borrowings under the revolving credit facility and (viii) $112.6 million of borrowings under mortgage loans.
Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures
We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling interest or are the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity. From time to time, we may have off-balance-sheet unconsolidated real estate ventures and other unconsolidated arrangements with varying structures.
As of September 30, 2024, we had investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures totaling $100.7 million. For these investments, we exercise significant influence over but do not control these entities and, therefore, account for these investments using the equity method of accounting. For a more complete description of our real estate ventures, see Note 4 to the financial statements.
From time to time, we (or ventures in which we have an ownership interest) have agreed, and may in the future agree with respect to unconsolidated real estate ventures, to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts in connection with borrowings, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) in connection with borrowings, or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders and other third parties for the completion of development projects. We customarily have agreements with our outside venture partners whereby the partners agree to reimburse the real estate venture or us for their share of any payments made under certain of these guarantees. At times, we also have agreements with certain of our outside venture partners whereby we agree to either indemnify the partners and/or the associated ventures with respect to certain contingent liabilities associated with operating assets or to reimburse our partner for its share of any payments made by them under certain guarantees. Guarantees (excluding environmental) customarily terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying debt. Amounts that we may be required to pay in future periods in relation to guarantees associated with budget overruns or operating losses are not estimable.
As of September 30, 2024, we had additional capital commitments and certain recorded guarantees to our unconsolidated real estate ventures and other investments totaling $57.4 million. As of September 30, 2024, we had no debt principal payment guarantees related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures.
Commitments and Contingencies
Insurance
We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $150.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate, and property and rental value insurance coverage with limits of $1.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods and earthquakes on each of our properties. We also maintain coverage, through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary, for a portion of the first loss on the above limits and for both conventional terrorist acts and for nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological terrorism events with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence. These policies are partially reinsured by third-party insurance providers.
We will continue to monitor the state of the insurance market, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism. We cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and losses in excess of the insurance coverage, which could be material.
Our debt, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, a revolving credit facility and term loans, contains customary covenants requiring adequate insurance coverage. Although we believe that we currently have adequate insurance coverage, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at a reasonable cost in the future. If lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties.
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Construction Commitments
As of September 30, 2024, we had an asset under construction that, based on our current plans and estimates, requires an additional $51.1 million to complete, which we anticipate will be primarily expended over the next year. These capital expenditures are generally due as the work is performed, and we expect to finance them with debt proceeds.
Legal Proceedings
In November 2023, the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia alleging violations of its antitrust laws by RealPage, Inc., a seller of revenue management software products, and a number of large apartment community owners and operators, including JBG Associates, L.L.C., one of our subsidiaries. The lawsuit alleges collusion among the defendants to illegally fix and inflate the pricing of multifamily rents and seeks monetary damages, attorneys’ fees and costs, and injunctive relief. We believe there are defenses, both factual and legal, to the allegations in this proceeding, and we plan to vigorously defend the litigation. At this stage in the proceeding, it is not possible to predict any outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, which could be associated with any adverse decision. While we do not believe that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, we cannot give assurance that the proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the event of a negative outcome.
There are various other legal actions against us in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, the outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Other
As of September 30, 2024, we had committed tenant-related obligations totaling $43.3 million ($43.2 million related to our consolidated entities and $126,000 related to our unconsolidated real estate ventures at our share). The timing and amounts of payments for tenant-related obligations are uncertain and may only be due upon satisfactory performance of certain conditions.
With respect to borrowings of our consolidated entities, we may agree to (i) guarantee portions of the principal, interest and other amounts, (ii) provide customary environmental indemnifications and nonrecourse carve-outs (e.g., guarantees against fraud, misrepresentation and bankruptcy) or (iii) provide guarantees to lenders, tenants and other third parties for the completion of development projects. As of September 30, 2024, we had no debt principal payment guarantees related to our consolidated real estate assets.
In connection with the Formation Transaction, we have an agreement with Vornado regarding tax matters (the "Tax Matters Agreement") that provides special rules that allocate tax liabilities if the distribution of JBG SMITH shares by Vornado, together with certain related transactions, is determined not to be tax-free. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be required to indemnify Vornado against any taxes and related amounts and costs resulting from a violation by us of the Tax Matters Agreement.
Environmental Matters
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or former owner or operator of real estate may be liable for conducting or paying for the costs of the investigation, removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances on that real estate. These laws often impose such liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances, and the liability may be joint and several. The costs of remediation or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property, and the presence of these substances, or the failure to promptly remediate these substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In connection with the ownership and operation of our current and former assets, we may be potentially liable for these costs. The operations of current and former tenants at our assets have involved, or may have involved, the use of hazardous substances or generated hazardous wastes, and indemnities in our lease agreements may not fully protect us from liability, if, for example, a tenant responsible for environmental noncompliance or contamination becomes insolvent. The release of these hazardous substances and wastes could result in us incurring liabilities to remediate any resulting contamination. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may (i) expose us to third-party liability (e.g., for cleanup costs, natural resource damages, bodily injury or property damage), (ii) subject our properties to liens in favor of the government for
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damages and costs the government incurs in connection with the contamination, (iii) impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, or (iv) materially adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. In addition, our assets are exposed to the risk of contamination originating from other sources. While a property owner may not be responsible for remediating contamination that has migrated onsite from an identifiable and viable offsite source, the contaminant's presence can have adverse effects on operations and the redevelopment of our assets. To the extent we arrange for contaminated materials to be sent to other locations for treatment or disposal, we may be liable for the cleanup of those sites if they become contaminated, without regard to whether we complied with environmental laws in doing so.
Most of our assets have been subject, at some point, to environmental assessments that are intended to evaluate the environmental condition of the subject and surrounding assets. These environmental assessments generally have included a historical review, a public records review, a visual inspection of the site and surrounding assets, visual or historical evidence of underground storage tanks and other features, and the preparation and issuance of a written report. Soil, soil vapor and/or groundwater subsurface testing is conducted at our assets, when necessary, to further investigate any issues raised by the initial assessment that could reasonably be expected to pose a material concern to the property or result in us incurring material environmental liabilities as a result of redevelopment. The tests may not, however, have included extensive sampling or subsurface investigations. In each case where the environmental assessments have identified conditions requiring remedial actions required by law, we have initiated appropriate actions. The environmental assessments have not revealed any material environmental contamination that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our overall business, financial condition or results of operations, or that have not been anticipated and remediated during site redevelopment as required by law. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the identification of new areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites or changes in cleanup requirements would not result in significant cost to us. As disclosed in Note 17 to the financial statements, environmental liabilities totaled $17.5 million and $17.6 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and are included in "Other liabilities, net" in our balance sheets.
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Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.