i3 Verticals, Inc. 10-Q

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022 (“Form 10-K”), filed with the SEC on November 18, 2022. The terms “i3 Verticals,” “we,” “us” and “our” and similar references refer (1) before the completion of our IPO or the reorganization transactions entered into in connection therewith (the “Reorganization Transactions”), which are described in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, to i3 Verticals, LLC and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries, and (2) after the Reorganization Transactions to i3 Verticals, Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries. Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report may be forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “pro forma,” “continues,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “seeks,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “would” or “should” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: • our indebtedness and our ability to maintain compliance with the financial covenants in our 2023 Credit Agreement (as defined below); • our ability to meet our liquidity needs; • our ability to raise additional funds on terms acceptable to us, if at all, whether through debt, equity or a combination thereof; • the triggering of impairment testing of our fair-valued assets, including goodwill and intangible assets, in the event of a decline in the price of our Class A common stock or otherwise; • our ability to generate revenues sufficient to maintain profitability and positive cash flow; • competition in our industry and our ability to compete effectively; • consolidation in the banking and financial services industry; • risk of shortages, price increases, changes, delays or discontinuations of hardware due to supply chain disruptions with respect to our limited number of suppliers; • impact of inflation and fluctuations in interest rates and the potential effect of such fluctuations on revenues, expenses and resulting margins; • our dependence on non-exclusive distribution partners to market our products and services; • our ability to keep pace with rapid developments and changes in our industry and provide new products and services; • liability and reputation damage from unauthorized disclosure, destruction or modification of data or disruption of our services; • technical, operational and regulatory risks related to our information technology systems and third-party providers’ systems; • reliance on third parties for significant services; • exposure to economic conditions and political risks affecting consumer and commercial spending, including the use of credit cards; • our ability to increase our existing vertical markets, expand into new vertical markets and execute our growth strategy; • our ability to protect our systems and data from continually evolving cybersecurity risks or other technological risks, including the impact of any cybersecurity incidents or security breaches; 42 • our ability to successfully identify acquisition targets, complete those acquisitions and effectively integrate those acquisitions into our services; • potential degradation of the quality of our products, services and support; • our ability to retain customers; • our ability to successfully manage our intellectual property; • our ability to attract, recruit, retain and develop key personnel and qualified employees; • risks related to laws, regulations and industry standards; • risk of significant chargeback liability if our customers refuse or cannot reimburse chargebacks resolved in favor of their customers; • our ability to comply with complex laws and regulations applicable to the healthcare industry or to adjust our operations in response to changing laws and regulations; • the impact of government investigations, claims, and litigation; • the effects of health reform initiatives; • operating and financial restrictions imposed by our 2023 Credit Agreement; • risks related to the accounting method for i3 Verticals, LLC's 1.0% Exchangeable Notes due February 15, 2025 (the "Exchangeable Notes"); • our ability to raise the funds necessary to settle exchanges of the Exchangeable Notes or to repurchase the Exchangeable Notes upon a fundamental change; • risks related to the conditional exchange feature of the Exchangeable Notes; • the "Risk Factors" included in our Form 10-K and included in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any. We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The matters summarized in “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K, and in subsequent filings could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in our forward-looking statements. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this filing, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. In light of these risks and uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this filing speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments, except as required by applicable law. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data. Executive Overview We deliver seamless integrated software and services to customers in strategic vertical markets. Building on its broad suite of software and services solutions, we create and acquire software products to serve the specific needs of our customers. Our primary strategic verticals are Public Sector (including Education) and Healthcare. 43 Economic Trends Inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, monetary policy, and the current geopolitical situation, are causing broad economic uncertainty and could potentially cause new, or exacerbate existing, economic challenges that we may face. These conditions could worsen, or others could arise, if the U.S. and global economies were to enter recessionary periods, triggered or exacerbated by monetary policy designed to curb inflation. As the future magnitude, duration and effects of these conditions are difficult to predict at this time, we are unable to predict the extent of the potential effect on our financial results. Liquidity At March 31, 2023, we had $4.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $103.9 million of available capacity under our Senior Secured Credit Facility subject to our financial covenants. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with these covenants with a consolidated interest coverage ratio, total leverage ratio and consolidated senior leverage ratio of 4.61x, 4.00x and 2.78x, respectively. On May 8, 2023, the Company replaced the Senior Secured Credit Facility with the 2023 Credit Agreement (as defined below). For additional information about our Senior Secured Credit Facility, Exchangeable Notes and 2023 Credit Agreement, see the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. Acquisitions Acquisitions during the six months ended March 31, 2023 On October 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Celtic Cross Holdings, Inc., in Scottsdale, Arizona and Celtic Systems Pvt. Ltd. in Vadodara, India (collectively "Celtic") to expand the Company’s software offerings in the Public Sector vertical. Total purchase consideration was $85.0 million in cash consideration, funded by the proceeds from our revolving credit facility. During the six months ended March 31, 2023, we completed the acquisition of two other businesses to expand our software offerings. Total purchase consideration was $19.8 million, including $17.0 million in cash funded by the proceeds from our revolving credit facility, $2.0 million of our Class A Common Stock, and $0.8 million in contingent consideration. Acquisitions during the six months ended March 31, 2022 During the six months ended March 31, 2022, we completed the acquisition of two business to expand our software offerings in the Healthcare vertical. Total purchase consideration was $100.5 million, including $95.0 million in cash funded by the proceeds from our revolving credit facility, and $5.5 million in contingent consideration. Our Revenue and Expenses Revenues We generate revenue from software licensing subscriptions, ongoing software support, volume-based payment processing fees (“discount fees”) and POS-related solutions that we provide to our customers directly and through our distribution partners. Volume-based fees represent a percentage of the dollar amount of each credit or debit transaction processed. Revenues are also derived from a variety of fixed transaction or service fees, including authorization fees, convenience fees, statement fees, annual fees and fees for other miscellaneous services, such as handling chargebacks. Interchange and network fees. Interchange and network fees consist primarily of pass-through fees that make up a portion of discount fee revenue. These include assessment fees payable to card associations, which are a percentage of the processing volume we generate from Visa and Mastercard. These fees are presented net of revenue. 44 Expenses Other costs of services . Other costs of services include costs directly attributable to processing and bank sponsorship costs. These also include related costs such as residual payments to our distribution partners, which are based on a percentage of the net revenues (revenue less interchange and network fees) generated from customer referrals. Losses resulting from excessive chargebacks against a customer are included in other cost of services. The cost of equipment sold is also included in cost of services. Interchange and other costs of services are recognized at the time the customer’s transactions are processed. Selling, general and administrative . Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and other employment costs, professional services, rent and utilities and other operating costs. Depreciation and amortization . Depreciation expense consists of depreciation on our investments in property, equipment and computer hardware and software. Depreciation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets and internally developed software is recognized using a proportional cash flow method. Amortization expense for internally developed software is recognized over the estimated useful life of the asset. The useful lives of contract-based intangible assets are equal to the terms of the agreement. Interest expense, net. Our interest expense consists of interest on our outstanding indebtedness under our Senior Secured Credit Facility and Exchangeable Notes, and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs. How We Assess Our Business Merchant Services Our Merchant Services segment provides comprehensive payment solutions to businesses and organizations. Our Merchant Services segment includes third-party integrated payment solutions as well as traditional merchant processing services across our strategic vertical markets. Software and Services Our Software and Services segment delivers vertical market software solutions to customers across all of our strategic vertical markets. These solutions often include embedded payments or other recurring services. Other Our Other category includes corporate overhead expenses, when presenting reportable segment information. For additional information on our segments, see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Key Performance Indicators We evaluate our performance through key performance indicators, including: • annualized recurring revenue ("ARR"); • software and related services as a percentage of total revenue; and • the dollar volume of payments our customers process through us (“payment volume”); ARR is the annualized revenue derived from software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) arrangements, software monetized with transaction-based fees, software maintenance, recurring software-based services, payments revenue and other recurring revenue sources within the quarter. This excludes contracts that are not recurring or are one-time in nature. We focus on ARR because it helps us to assess the health and trajectory of our business. ARR does not have a standardized definition and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. It should be reviewed independently of revenue and it is not a forecast. The active contracts at the end of a reporting period used in calculating ARR may or may not be extended or renewed by our customers. ARR for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $305.7 million and $254.5 million, respectively, representing a period-to-period growth rate of 20.1%. Software and related services revenue includes the sale of subscriptions, recurring services, ongoing support, licenses, and installation and implementation services specific to software. We focus on software and related 45 services revenue as a percentage of total revenue because it is a strategic goal to expand the software services we provide our customers. Software and related services typically result in long-term partnerships with strong recurring revenues. Software and related services revenue as a percentage of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 50.40% and 49.89%. Our payment volume for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6.0 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively, representing a period-to-period growth rate of 11.7%. Our payment volume for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $11.9 billion and $10.6 billion, respectively, representing a period-to-period growth rate of 11.5%. We focus on payment volume because it is a reflection of the scale and economic activity of our customer base and because a significant part of our revenue is derived as a percentage of our customers’ dollar volume receipts. Payment volume reflects the addition of new customers and same store payment volume growth of existing customers, partially offset by customer attrition during the period. Results of Operations Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 The following table presents our historical results of operations for the periods indicated: Three months ended March 31, Change (in thousands) 2023 2022 Amount % Revenue $ 93,872 $ 78,120 $ 15,752 20.2 % Operating expenses Other costs of services 19,930 16,631 3,299 19.8 % Selling, general and administrative 57,204 48,716 8,488 17.4 % Depreciation and amortization 9,015 7,447 1,568 21.1 % Change in fair value of contingent consideration 2,279 11,503 (9,224) (80.2) % Total operating expenses 88,428 84,297 4,131 4.9 % Income (loss) from operations 5,444 (6,177) 11,621 n/m Interest expense, net 6,199 3,377 2,822 83.6 % Loss before income taxes (755) (9,554) 8,799 (92.1) % (Benefit from) provision for income taxes (563) 884 (1,447) n/m Net loss (192) (10,438) 10,246 (98.2) % Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (228) (3,065) 2,837 (92.6) % Net income (loss) attributable to i3 Verticals, Inc. $ 36 $ (7,373) $ 7,409 n/m n/m = not meaningful Revenue Revenue increased $15.8 million, or 20.2%, to $93.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $78.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was principally driven by incremental revenue from acquisitions of $6.0 million, net of intercompany eliminations, all of which were within the Software and Services segment. In addition to our growth through acquisitions, revenue from existing businesses grew, resulting from growth in software and related services revenues, primarily in our Public Sector vertical, and an increase in payment volume from new and existing customers across the Company. 46 Revenue within Software and Services increased $11.8 million, or 24.2%, to $60.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $49.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was principally driven by growth in software and related services revenues in our Public Sector vertical. Revenue within Merchant Services increased $3.9 million, or 13.4%, to $33.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $29.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Payment volume from new and existing customers increased $0.4 billion, or 9.2%, to $5.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $4.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Other Costs of Services Other costs of services increased $3.3 million, or 19.8%, to $19.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $16.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in other cost of services within the Merchant Services segment driven by the increase in payment volume. Other costs of services within Merchant Services increased $2.2 million, or 16.2%, to $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $13.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, driven primarily by the growth in payment volume. Other costs of services within Software and Services increased $1.1 million, or 35.4%, to $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, driven primarily by acquisitions. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $8.5 million, or 17.4%, to $57.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $48.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by a $6.0 million increase in employment expenses, primarily resulting from an increase in headcount that resulted from acquisitions and an increase in stock compensation expense. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization increased $1.6 million, or 21.1%, to $9.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Amortization expense increased $1.4 million to $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily due to acquisitions completed during the 2022 and 2023 fiscal years. Depreciation expense increased $0.2 million to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Change in fair value of contingent consideration to be paid in connection with acquisitions was a charge of $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to the performance of some of our acquisitions exceeding our expectations. The change in fair value of contingent consideration for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was a charge of $11.5 million. Interest Expense, net Interest expense, net, increased $2.8 million, or 83.6%, to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase reflects a higher average interest rate and a higher average outstanding debt balance for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. 47 (Benefit from) Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes decreased to a benefit of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from a provision of $0.9 million for three months ended March 31, 2022. Our effective tax rate was 74.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax structure of the Company. The income of majority owned i3 Verticals, LLC is not taxed and the separate loss of the Company has minimal tax effect due to the allocations from i3 Verticals, LLC. i3 Verticals, Inc. is subject to federal, state and local income taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income of i3 Verticals, LLC and is taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Six Months Ended March 31, 2022 The following table presents our historical results of operations for the periods indicated: Six months ended March 31, Change (in thousands) 2023 2022 Amount % Revenue $ 179,901 $ 152,059 $ 27,842 18.3 % Operating expenses Other costs of services 38,999 33,141 5,858 17.7 % Selling, general and administrative 108,207 95,103 13,104 13.8 % Depreciation and amortization 17,691 14,317 3,374 23.6 % Change in fair value of contingent consideration 3,722 16,430 (12,708) (77.3) % Total operating expenses 168,619 158,991 9,628 6.1 % Income (loss) from operations 11,282 (6,932) 18,214 n/m Other expenses Interest expense, net 11,689 6,531 5,158 79.0 % Other income (203) — (203) n/m Total other expenses 11,486 6,531 4,955 75.9 % Loss before income taxes (204) (13,463) 13,259 (98.5) % (Benefit from) provision for income taxes (181) 656 (837) n/m Net loss (23) (14,119) 14,096 (99.8) % Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest 181 (4,218) 4,399 n/m Net loss attributable to i3 Verticals, Inc. $ (204) $ (9,901) $ 9,697 (97.9) % Revenue Revenue increased $27.8 million, or 18.3%, to $179.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $152.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was partially driven by revenue from acquisitions of $12.2 million, net of intercompany eliminations, all of which were within the Software and Services segment. In addition to our growth through acquisitions, revenue from existing businesses grew, resulting from an increase in payment volume from new and existing customers across the Company and growth in software and related services revenues, primarily in our Public Sector vertical. 48 Revenue within Software and Services increased $20.3 million, or 21.6%, to $114.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $93.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was principally driven by growth in software and related services revenues as well as integrated volume driving increases in payments revenue in our Public Sector vertical. Revenue within Merchant Services increased $7.6 million, or 13.0%, to $65.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $58.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Payment volume from new and existing customers increased $0.9 billion, or 9.2%, to $10.5 billion for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $9.6 billion for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Other Costs of Services Other costs of services increased $5.9 million, or 17.7%, to $39.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $33.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in other cost of services within the Merchant Services segment driven by the increase in payment volume. Other costs of services within Merchant Services increased $4.3 million, or 16.0%, to $31.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $27.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022, driven primarily by the growth in payment volume. Other costs of services within Software and Services increased $1.5 million, or 25.0%, to $7.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $6.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022, driven by the growth in payment volume and acquisitions. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $13.1 million, or 13.8%, to $108.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $95.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by a $9.7 million increase in employment expenses, primarily resulting from an increase in headcount that resulted from acquisitions and an increase in stock compensation expense. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization increased $3.4 million, or 23.6%, to $17.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $14.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Amortization expense increased $3.1 million to $16.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $13.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to acquisitions completed during the 2022 and 2023 fiscal years. Depreciation expense increased $0.3 million to $1.6 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $1.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration Change in fair value of contingent consideration to be paid in connection with acquisitions was a charge of $3.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to the performance of some of our acquisitions exceeding our expectations. The change in fair value of contingent consideration for the six months ended March 31, 2022 was a charge of $16.4 million. Interest Expense, net Interest expense, net, increased $5.2 million, or 79.0%, to $11.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $6.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The increase reflects a higher average interest rate and a higher average outstanding debt balance for the six months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the six months ended March 31, 2022. Other Income Other income was $0.2 million related to contingent consideration received for an investment that was sold in a prior year for the six months ended March 31, 2023. There was no other income for the six months ended March 31, 2022. 49 (Benefit from) Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes decreased to a benefit of $0.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from a provision of $0.7 million for six months ended March 31, 2022. Our effective tax rate was 88.7% for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax structure of the Company. The income of majority owned i3 Verticals, LLC is not taxed and the separate loss of the Company has minimal tax effect due to the allocations from i3 Verticals, LLC. i3 Verticals, Inc. is subject to federal, state and local income taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income of i3 Verticals, LLC and is taxed at the prevailing corporate tax rates. Seasonality We have experienced in the past, and may continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenues as a result of consumer and business spending patterns. Revenues during the first quarter of the calendar year, which is our second fiscal quarter, tend to decrease in comparison to the remaining three quarters of the calendar year on a same store basis. This decrease is due to the relatively higher number and amount of electronic payment transactions related to seasonal retail events, such as holiday and vacation spending in their second, third and fourth quarters of the calendar year. The number of business days in a month or quarter also may affect seasonal fluctuations. Revenue in our Education vertical fluctuates with the school calendar. Revenue for our Education customers is strongest in August, September, October, January and February, at the start of each semester, and generally weakens throughout the semester, with little revenue in the summer months of June and July. Operating expenses show less seasonal fluctuation, with the result that net income is subject to the same seasonal factors as our revenues. The growth in our business may have partially overshadowed seasonal trends to date, and seasonal impacts on our business may be more pronounced in the future. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have historically financed our operations and working capital through net cash from operating activities. As of March 31, 2023, we had $4.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity of $103.9 million under our Senior Secured Credit Facility, subject to the financial covenants. We usually minimize cash balances by making payments on our revolving line of credit to minimize borrowings and interest expense. As of March 31, 2023, we had borrowings outstanding of $271.1 million under the Senior Secured Credit Facility. On May 8, 2023, the Company replaced the Senior Secured Credit Facility with the 2023 Credit Agreement (as defined below). For additional information about our 2023 Credit Agreement, see the section entitled "—Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility" below. Our primary cash needs are to fund working capital requirements, invest in our technology infrastructure, fund acquisitions and related contingent consideration, make scheduled principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness and pay tax distributions to members. We consistently have positive cash flow provided by operations and expect that our cash flow from operations, current cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under the 2023 Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund our operations and planned capital expenditures and to service our debt obligations for at least the next twelve months and foreseeable future. Our growth strategy includes acquisitions. We expect to fund acquisitions through a combination of net cash from operating activities, borrowings under our 2023 Credit Agreement and through the issuance of equity and debt securities. As a holding company, we depend on distributions or loans from i3 Verticals, LLC to access funds earned by our operations. The covenants contained in the 2023 Credit Agreement may restrict i3 Verticals, LLC’s ability to provide funds to i3 Verticals, Inc. Our liquidity profile reflects our completed offering in February 2020 of an aggregate principal amount of $138.0 million in 1.0% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2025, with substantially all the proceeds being used to pay down outstanding borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Exchangeable Notes was $117.0 million. We may elect from time to time to purchase our outstanding debt in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such debt repurchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, applicable securities law and other factors. 50 Cash Flows The following table presents a summary of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the following comparative periods. Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 Six months ended March 31, 2023 2022 (in thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $ 25,529 $ 31,213 Net cash used in investing activities $ (111,130) $ (99,598) Net cash provided by financing activities $ 84,169 $ 77,767 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $5.7 million to $25.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $31.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Our net loss decreased from a net loss of $14.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022 to a net loss of $23 thousand for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Some of this decrease in net loss was driven by reductions in non-cash expenses that do not impact cash flows from operating activities. The primary drivers of the decrease in cash provided by operating activities, despite the decrease in net loss, were a decrease in non-cash contingent consideration of $12.7 million, a decrease in amortization of debt discount and issuance costs of $2.1 million and a decrease in the provision for income taxes of $0.9 million, partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization of $3.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2022. Other changes include decreases in operating assets and liabilities of $8.5 million, which are impacted by the timing of collections and payments, for the six months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2022. Cash Flow from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities increased $11.5 million to $111.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $99.6 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The largest driver of cash used in investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired. For the six months ended March 31, 2023, we used $102.0 million of cash for acquisitions, net of cash acquired compared to $94.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. As a result, most of the increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily the result of an increase of $7.7 million in cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired. Additionally, expenditures for property and equipment increased $1.4 million, payments for other investing activities increased $1.2 million and expenditures for capitalized software increased $1.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2022. Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities increased $6.4 million to $84.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from $77.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily the result of an increase in proceeds from the revolving credit facility of $86.0 million and a decrease in cash paid for contingent consideration up to our original estimates of $5.0 million, partially offset by an increase in payments on the revolving credit facility of $84.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023 from the six months ended March 31, 2022. Senior Secured Credit Facility On May 9, 2019, we replaced our senior secured credit facility with a new credit agreement (the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”). Effective October 3, 2022, the Senior Secured Credit Facility, as amended, consisted of a $375.0 million revolving credit facility, together with an option to increase the revolving credit facility and/or obtain incremental term loans in an additional principal amount of up to $50.0 million in the aggregate (subject to the receipt of additional commitments for any such incremental loan amounts). The Senior Secured Credit Facility accrued interest at Term SOFR (based upon an interest period of one, three or six months), plus an adjustment of 0.10%, plus an applicable margin of 2.25% to 3.25% (3.25% as of March 31, 2023), or the base rate (defined as the highest of (x) the Bank of America prime rate, (y) the federal 51 funds rate plus 0.50% and (z) Term SOFR, plus an adjustment of 0.10%, plus 1.00%), plus an applicable margin of 0.25% to 1.25% (1.25% as of March 31, 2023), in each case depending upon the consolidated total leverage ratio, as defined in the agreement. Interest was payable at the end of the selected interest period, but no less frequently than quarterly. Additionally, the Senior Secured Credit Facility required us to pay unused commitment fees of 0.15% to 0.30% (0.30% as of March 31, 2023) on any undrawn amounts under the revolving credit facility and letter of credit fees of up to 3.25% on the maximum amount available to be drawn under each letter of credit issued under the agreement. The Senior Credit Facility requires maintenance of certain financial ratios on a quarterly basis as follows: (i) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 (ii) a maximum total leverage ratio of 5.00 to 1.00, provided, that for each of the four fiscal quarters immediately following a qualified acquisition (each a “Leverage Increase Period”), the required ratio set forth above may be increased by up to 0.25, subject to certain limitations and (iii) a maximum consolidated senior secured leverage ratio of 3.25 to 1.00, provided, that for each Leverage Increase Period, the consolidated senior leverage ratio may be increased by up to 0.25, subject to certain limitations. The maturity date of the Senior Secured Credit Facility was May 9, 2024. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with these covenants, and there was $103.9 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility, subject to the financial covenants. The Senior Secured Credit Facility was secured by substantially all of our assets. The lenders under the Senior Secured Credit Facility held senior rights to collateral and principal repayment over all other creditors. The provisions of the Senior Secured Credit Facility placed certain restrictions and limitations upon us. These include, among others, restrictions on liens, investments, indebtedness, fundamental changes and dispositions, maintenance of certain financial ratios, and certain non-financial covenants pertaining to our activities during the period covered. 2023 Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility On May 8, 2023, i3 Verticals, LLC (the “Borrower”), entered into that certain Credit Agreement (the “2023 Credit Agreement”) with the guarantors and lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (“JPMorgan”). The 2023 Credit Agreement replaces the Senior Secured Credit Facility. The 2023 Credit Agreement provides for aggregate commitments of $450 million in the form of a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”). The 2023 Credit Agreement provides that the Borrower has the right to seek additional commitments to provide additional term loan facilities or additional revolving credit commitments in an aggregate principal amount up to, as of any date of determination, the sum of (i) the greater of $100 million and 100% of the Borrower’s consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement) for the most recently completed four quarter period, plus (ii) the amount of certain prepayments of certain indebtedness, so long as, among other things, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of such additional borrowings and any related transactions, the Borrower’s consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement) would not be less than 3.0 to 1.0 and the Borrower’s consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement) would not exceed 5.0 to 1.0. The provision of any such additional amounts under the additional term loan facilities or additional revolving credit commitments are subject to certain additional conditions and the receipt of certain additional commitments by existing or additional lenders. The lenders under the 2023 Credit Agreement are not under any obligation to provide any such additional term loan facilities or revolving credit commitments. The proceeds of the Revolver, together with proceeds from any additional amounts under the additional term loan facilities or additional revolving credit commitments, may only be used by the Borrower to (i) finance working capital, capital expenditures and other lawful corporate purposes, (ii) finance permitted acquisitions (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement) and (iii) to refinance certain existing indebtedness. Borrowings under the Revolver will be made, at the Borrower’s option, at the base rate or the Adjusted Term SOFR rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The base rate is a fluctuating rate of interest per annum equal to the highest of (a) the greater of the federal funds rate or the overnight bank funding rate, plus ½ of 1%, (b) Wall Street Journal prime rate and (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR rate for an interest period of one month, plus 1%; provided, that the base rate shall not be less than 1% in any event. The Adjusted Term SOFR rate will be the rate of interest per annum equal to the Term SOFR rate (based upon an interest period of one, three or six months), plus 0.10%; provided, that the Adjusted Term SOFR rate shall not be less than 0% in any event. The 52 applicable margin is based upon the Borrower’s consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the 2023 Credit Agreement), as reflected in the schedule below: Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio Commitment Fee Letter of Credit Fee Term Benchmark Loans Base Rate Loans > 3.0 to 1.0 0.30 % 3.00 % 3.00 % 2.00 % > 2.5 to 1.0 but < 3.0 to 1.0 0.25 % 2.50 % 2.50 % 1.50 % > 2.0 to 1.0 but < 2.5 to 1.0 0.20 % 2.25 % 2.25 % 1.25 % < 2.0 to 1.0 0.15 % 2.00 % 2.00 % 1.00 % In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Revolver, the Borrower will be required to pay a commitment fee equal to the product of between 0.15% and 0.30% (the applicable percentage depending on the Borrower’s consolidated total net leverage ratio as reflected in the schedule above) times the actual daily amount by which $450 million exceeds the total amount outstanding under the Revolver and available to be drawn under all outstanding letters of credit. The Borrower will be permitted to voluntarily reduce the unutilized portion of the commitment amount and repay outstanding loans under the 2023 Credit Agreement, whether such amounts are issued under the Revolver or under the additional term loan facilities or additional revolving credit facilities, at any time without premium or penalty. In addition, if the total amount borrowed under the Revolver exceeds $450 million at any time, the 2023 Credit Agreement requires the Borrower to prepay such excess outstanding amounts. All obligations under the 2023 Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company, and each of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect material, wholly owned domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. The obligations are secured by first-priority security interests in substantially all tangible and intangible assets of the Borrower, the Company and each subsidiary guarantor, in each case whether owned on the date of the initial borrowings or thereafter acquired.. The 2023 Credit Agreement places certain restrictions on the ability of the Borrower, the Company and their subsidiaries to, among other things, incur debt and liens; merge, consolidate or liquidate; dispose of assets; enter into hedging arrangements; make certain restricted payments; undertake transactions with affiliates; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; make certain investments; prepay or modify the terms of certain indebtedness; and modify the terms of certain organizational agreements. The 2023 Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other material indebtedness, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, material judgments, certain ERISA events, invalidity of loan documents and certain changes in control. Exchangeable Notes On February 18, 2020, i3 Verticals, LLC issued $138.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 1.0% Exchangeable Notes due February 15, 2025. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.0% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2020. The Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable into cash, shares of the Company's Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at i3 Verticals, LLC's election. The Exchangeable Notes mature on February 15, 2025, unless earlier exchanged, redeemed or repurchased. The net proceeds from the sale of the Exchangeable Notes were approximately $132.8 million, after deducting discounts and commissions to the certain initial purchasers and other estimated fees and expenses. i3 Verticals, LLC used a portion of the net proceeds of the Exchangeable Notes offering to pay down outstanding borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility in connection with the effectiveness of the operative provisions of the amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Facility and to pay the cost of the Note Hedge Transactions. 53 At-the-Market Program On August 20, 2021, we, together with i3 Verticals, LLC, entered into an at-the-market offering sales agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and BTIG, LLC (each a “Sales Agent”), under which we may issue and sell, from time to time and through the Sales Agents, shares of our Class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $125 million (the “ATM Program”). During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we did not sell any Class A common stock under the ATM Program. As of March 31, 2023, we had a remaining capacity to sell up to $107 million of our Class A common stock under the ATM Program. The proceeds from these issuances were used to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Senior Secured Credit Facility and for other general corporate purposes. Material Cash Requirements The following table summarizes our material cash requirements as of March 31, 2023 related to leases and borrowings: Payments Due by Period Contractual Obligations Total Less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years More than 5 years (in thousands) Processing minimums (1) $ 3,475 $ 2,856 $ 619 $ — $ — Facility leases 18,346 5,217 7,976 3,523 1,630 Senior Secured Credit Facility and related interest (2) 298,195 21,645 276,550 — — Exchangeable Notes and related interest (3) 119,194 1,170 118,024 — — Contingent consideration (4) 22,259 20,756 1,503 — — Total $ 461,469 $ 51,644 $ 404,672 $ 3,523 $ 1,630 __________________________ 1. We have non-exclusive agreements with several processors to provide us services related to transaction processing and transmittal, transaction authorization and data capture, and access to various reporting tools. Certain of these agreements require us to submit a minimum monthly number of transactions for processing. If we submit a number of transactions that is lower than the minimum, we are required to pay to the processor the fees it would have received if we had submitted the required minimum number of transactions. 2. We estimated interest payments through the maturity of our Senior Secured Credit Facility by applying the interest rate of 8.17% in effect on the outstanding balance as of March 31, 2023, plus the unused fee rate of 0.30% in effect as of March 31, 2023. 3. We calculated interest payments through the maturity of our Exchangeable Notes by applying the coupon interest rate of 1.0% on the principal balance as of March 31, 2023 of $117.0 million. 4. In connection with certain of our acquisitions, we may be obligated to pay the seller of the acquired entity certain amounts of contingent consideration as set forth in the relevant purchasing documents, whereby additional consideration may be due upon the achievement of certain specified financial performance targets. i3 Verticals, Inc. accounts for the fair values of such contingent payments in accordance with the Level 3 financial instrument fair value hierarchy at the close of each subsequent reporting period. The acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration is valued using a Monte Carlo simulation. i3 Verticals, Inc. subsequently reassesses such fair value based on probability estimates with respect to the acquired entity’s likelihood of achieving the respective financial performance targets. Potential payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not reflected in this table. See “—Tax Receivable Agreement” below. 54 Tax Receivable Agreement We are a party to a Tax Receivable Agreement with i3 Verticals, LLC and each of the Continuing Equity Owners, as described in Note 8 of our condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result of the Tax Receivable Agreement, we have been required to establish a liability in our condensed consolidated financial statements. That liability, which will increase upon the redemptions or exchanges of Common Units for our Class A common stock, generally represents 85% of the estimated future tax benefits, if any, relating to the increase in tax basis associated with the Common Units we received as a result of the Reorganization Transactions and other redemptions or exchanges by holders of Common Units. If this election is made, the accelerated payment will be based on the present value of 100% of the estimated future tax benefits and, as a result, the associated liability reported on our condensed consolidated financial statements may be increased. We expect that the payments required under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial. The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges by the holders of Common Units, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the redemption or exchange, whether such redemptions or exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future and the tax rate then applicable as well as the portion of our payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement constituting imputed interest. We intend to fund the payment of the amounts due under the Tax Receivable Agreement out of the cash savings that we actually realize in respect of the attributes to which Tax Receivable Agreement relates. As of March 31, 2023, the total amount due under the Tax Receivable Agreement was $40.9 million, and payments to the Continuing Equity Owners related to exchanges through March 31, 2023 will range from $0 to $3.3 million per year and are expected to be paid over the next 24 years. The amounts recorded as of March 31, 2023, approximate the current estimate of expected tax savings and are subject to change after the filing of the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns. Future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement with respect to subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts. Critical Accounting Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, goodwill and intangible assets, contingent consideration, and equity-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Critical accounting policies are those that we consider the most critical to understanding our financial condition and results of operations. As of March 31, 2023, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates disclosed in the Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2022.