2 unchanged sentences
risks and other information in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes.
−Removed: The risks and
−Removed: uncertainties we describe are not the only ones facing us.
−Removed: Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we believe
−Removed: are not material at the time could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
−Removed: case, the value of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
−Removed: Please also see the section entitled
−Removed: “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
+Added: The risks and uncertainties
+Added: we describe are not the only ones facing us.
+Added: Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we believe are not material
+Added: at the time could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
+Added: In any case, the value
+Added: of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
+Added: Please also see the section entitled “Cautionary
+Added: Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Related to Our Business and Industry
1 unchanged sentence
problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered by a small developing company.
−Removed: were incorporated in Nevada in March 2014.
−Removed: For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we generated $8,021,823 and $5,005,694, respectively,
−Removed: in revenues, and had net income of $1,963,469 and net loss of $3,647,353, respectively.
−Removed: The likelihood of our success
−Removed: must be considered in the light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered by a small company
−Removed: starting a new business enterprise and the highly competitive environment in which we are operating.
−Removed: We have a limited operating history
−Removed: upon which an evaluation of our future success or failure can be made.
−Removed: Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive
−Removed: cash flow is dependent upon:
+Added: We were incorporated in Nevada in March 2014.
+Added: For the years ended December
+Added: 31, 2022 and 2021, we generated $9,234,079 and $8,021,823, respectively, in revenues, and had net loss of $2,156,679 and net income of
+Added: $1,963,469, respectively.
+Added: The likelihood of our success must be considered in the light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications
+Added: and delays frequently encountered by a small company starting a new business enterprise and the highly competitive environment in which
+Added: we are operating.
+Added: We have a limited operating history upon which an evaluation of our future success or failure can be made.
+Added: to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow is dependent upon:
ability to market our products;
48 unchanged sentences
as a going concern.
−Removed: We have a history of
−Removed: operating losses and had net losses of approximately $3.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
−Removed: We generated a net income of $1,963,469 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as a result of the increased product sale.
−Removed: there can be no assurance that we will have net income in future periods.
−Removed: Our history of operating losses and our projections of the
−Removed: level of capital that will be required for our future expanded operations may impair our ability to grow our business at the level we
−Removed: If in the future we incur operating losses or are unable to obtain the requisite amount of capital needed to fund our planned
−Removed: operations, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to continue as a going concern.
+Added: We had net operating losses of approximately $1.9 million and $3.1 million
+Added: for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, respectively.
+Added: We generated a net operating income of approximately $2.1 million for the
+Added: year ended December 31, 2021 as a result of the increased product sale.
+Added: There can be no assurance that we will have net income in future
+Added: Our history of operating losses and our projections of the level of capital that will be required for our future expanded operations
+Added: may impair our ability to grow our business at the level we desire.
+Added: If in the future we incur operating losses or are unable to obtain
+Added: the requisite amount of capital needed to fund our planned operations, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability
+Added: to continue as a going concern.
operate in a highly competitive industry, and our failure to compete effectively could adversely affect our market share, revenues and
72 unchanged sentences
our revenues and financial results.
−Removed: If any customer accounts for a significant portion of our revenue in our operation, the loss of any such customers or a material decline
+Added: any customer accounts for a significant portion of our revenue in our operation, the loss of any such customers or a material decline
in the transaction would have an adverse effect on our operating results
−Removed: customers can be categorized into retailer
−Removed: customers and wholesale distributors.
−Removed: Management’s strategies to avoid customer concentration is expanding the customers base
−Removed: by launching wider range of products while developing new customers with existing products.
−Removed: For the years ended
−Removed: December 31, 2020 and 2021 there’s no customer who accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total
+Added: customers can be categorized into retailer customers and wholesale distributors.
+Added: Management’s strategies to avoid customer
+Added: concentration is expanding the customers base by launching wider range of products while developing new customers with existing
+Added: For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no customer who accounted for more than 10% of the
+Added: Company’s total revenue.
Avoiding customers concentration issues is always one of our marketing strategies.
−Removed: However, no guarantee could
−Removed: be made that such wide range of client base can always be maintained.
−Removed: If the concentration on customers occurs in our
−Removed: future operations, any decline in such customers’ transaction volume would lower our revenues, which would adversely affect our
−Removed: operating results, of course, avoiding customer concentration is one of our core marketing strategy, we will strife to maintain the
−Removed: wide range of customers base.
+Added: guarantee could be made that such wide range of client base can always be maintained.
+Added: If the concentration on customers occurs in
+Added: our future operations, any decline in such customers’ transaction volume would lower our revenues, which would adversely
+Added: affect our operating results, of course, avoiding customer concentration is one of our core marketing strategy, we will strife to
+Added: maintain the wide range of customers base.
we rely on our retailer customers and wholesale distributors for the majority of our sales that distribute our competitors’ products
270 unchanged sentences
stringently administrated and enforced.
−Removed: of the date hereof, the aggregate amount of unpaid social security and housing fund contributions is approximately RMB 341,207 (approximately
−Removed: $52,755) and the amount of potential penalties, if levied, is estimated to be RMB 52,049 (approximately $8,031).
−Removed: Due to the fact that
−Removed: the payment of social security and housing accumulation funds will reduce the net amounts of the employees’ wages, after consulting
−Removed: with and receiving voluntary waivers from those employees, our PRC subsidiaries decided not to pay social security and housing accumulation
−Removed: funds for those employees in full.
−Removed: As of the date of this report, we have not had any complaints, investigations, lawsuits
−Removed: and arbitration proceedings brought against us by our employees or PRC authorities.
−Removed: In addition, according to the Enterprise Credit Report
−Removed: issued by the government, our subsidiaries are in good standing and have not been warned or administratively penalized for failing to
−Removed: pay social security and housing accumulation funds.
−Removed: Our PRC subsidiaries intend to pay the full social security and housing accumulation
−Removed: funds for employees according to the laws and regulations.
−Removed: With respect to the previously unpaid social security and housing funds of
−Removed: our PRC subsidiaries, our largest shareholder, Yumin Lin, has provided a personal guarantee that, if the subsidiaries incur any losses
−Removed: due to our subsidiaries’ failure to pay full contributions, he would be jointly liable for the payment to compensate any losses
−Removed: the Company may incur.
−Removed: For the reasons stated above, we don’t believe that our subsidiaries’ business and operations would
−Removed: be materially adversely affected by previous nonpayment of full social security and housing accumulation fund contributions.
−Removed: Nevertheless,
−Removed: there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries will not be required to pay all of the previously delinquent social insurance and housing
−Removed: fund contribution amounts and associated administrative penalties or that any financial losses our subsidiaries may suffer will actually
−Removed: be borne by Mr.
+Added: As of the date hereof, the aggregate amount of unpaid social security and
+Added: housing fund contributions is approximately RMB 899,940 (approximately $135,985) and the amount of potential penalties, if levied, is
+Added: estimated to be RMB 133,460 (approximately $20,187).
+Added: Due to the fact that the payment of social security and housing accumulation funds
+Added: will reduce the net amounts of the employees’ wages, after consulting with and receiving voluntary waivers from those employees,
+Added: our PRC subsidiaries decided not to pay social security and housing accumulation funds for those employees in full.
+Added: As of the date of
+Added: this report, we have not had any complaints, investigations, lawsuits and arbitration proceedings brought against us by our employees
+Added: or PRC authorities.
+Added: In addition, according to the Enterprise Credit Report issued by the government, our subsidiaries are in good standing
+Added: and have not been warned or administratively penalized for failing to pay social security and housing accumulation funds.
+Added: Our PRC subsidiaries
+Added: intend to pay the full social security and housing accumulation funds for employees according to the laws and regulations.
+Added: to the previously unpaid social security and housing funds of our PRC subsidiaries, one of our major shareholders, Yumin Lin, has provided
+Added: a personal guarantee that, if the subsidiaries incur any losses due to our subsidiaries’ failure to pay full contributions, he would
+Added: be jointly liable for the payment to compensate any losses the Company may incur.
+Added: For the reasons stated above, we don’t believe
+Added: that our subsidiaries’ business and operations would be materially adversely affected by previous nonpayment of full social security
+Added: and housing accumulation fund contributions.
+Added: Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries will not be required to pay
+Added: all of the previously delinquent social insurance and housing fund contribution amounts and associated administrative penalties or that
+Added: any financial losses our subsidiaries may suffer will actually be borne by Mr.
Lin through his personal guarantee.
201 unchanged sentences
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
−Removed: Related to Doing Business in China
+Added: Risks Related to Doing Business in China
political climate and economic conditions, as well as changes in government policies, laws and regulations which may be quick with little
31 unchanged sentences
Uncertainties
−Removed: with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws
−Removed: and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice.
+Added: in the PRC legal system and the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available
+Added: to us and our investors, and rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice.
+Added: Such uncertainties could cause
+Added: our shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries in China.
8 unchanged sentences
cover all aspects of economic activities in China.
−Removed: In particular, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations
−Removed: involve uncertainties.
−Removed: Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory
−Removed: provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of
−Removed: legal protection we enjoy.
−Removed: These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce
−Removed: our contractual rights or tort claims.
−Removed: In addition, these regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal
−Removed: actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us.
+Added: In particular, because of the limited volume of published decisions and their nonbinding
+Added: nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.
+Added: Since PRC administrative and court authorities
+Added: have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate
+Added: the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy.
+Added: These uncertainties may affect our judgment
+Added: on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims.
+Added: In addition, these regulatory
+Added: uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from
addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely
basis or at all) that may change quickly with little advance notice or have a retroactive effect.
−Removed: As a result, we may not be aware
−Removed: of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation.
−Removed: On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist
−Removed: Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to enhance its enforcement against
−Removed: illegal activities in the securities markets and promote the high-quality development of capital markets, which, among other things,
−Removed: requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance
−Removed: supervision over Chinese companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the Chinese
−Removed: securities laws.
−Removed: Since this document is relatively new, uncertainties exist in relation to how soon legislative or administrative regulation-making
−Removed: bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or
−Removed: promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on companies like us.
−Removed: It is especially
−Removed: difficult for us to accurately predict the potential impact on us of new legal requirements in mainland China because the Chinese legal
−Removed: system is a civil law system based on written statutes.
−Removed: Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system
−Removed: may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.
−Removed: uncertainties, including any inability to enforce
−Removed: our contracts, together with any development or interpretation of PRC law that is adverse to us, could materially and adversely affect
−Removed: our business and operations.
−Removed: Furthermore, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective
−Removed: as in the United States or other more developed countries.
−Removed: We cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system,
−Removed: including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local
−Removed: regulations by national laws.
−Removed: These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and our investors.
+Added: As a result, we may not be aware of
+Added: our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation.
+Added: On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party
+Added: of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to enhance its enforcement against illegal
+Added: activities in the securities markets and promote the high-quality development of capital markets, which, among other things, requires
+Added: the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision
+Added: over Chinese companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the Chinese securities
+Added: Since this document is relatively new, uncertainties exist as to how soon legislative or administrative regulation-making bodies
+Added: will respond and what existing or new laws, regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated
+Added: or mo and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on companies like us.
+Added: It is especially difficult for
+Added: us to accurately predict the potential impact on us of new legal requirements in mainland China because the Chinese legal system is a
+Added: civil law system based on written statutes.
+Added: Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited
+Added: for reference but have limited precedential value.
+Added: uncertainties, including any inability to enforce our contracts, together with any development or interpretation of PRC law that is adverse
+Added: to us, could materially and adversely affect our business and operations.
+Added: Furthermore, intellectual property rights and confidentiality
+Added: protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other more developed countries.
+Added: We cannot predict the effect
+Added: of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation
+Added: or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws.
+Added: These uncertainties could limit the legal protections
+Added: available to us and our investors, including you.
+Added: Such uncertainties could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline
+Added: or be worthless.
Chinese government may intervene or influence the operation of our PRC subsidiaries and exercise significant oversight and discretion
27 unchanged sentences
of relevant regulatory systems, will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-based overseas listed companies.
−Removed: date of this report, we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions from PRC government authorities in connection
−Removed: with the Opinions.
+Added: date of this report, we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions from PRC government authorities in connection with
+Added: the Opinions.
June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China, or the SCNPC, promulgated the Data Security Law,
36 unchanged sentences
subject to the Revised Cybersecurity Measures and the implementation thereof is not yet clear.
−Removed: As of the date of this report,
−Removed: we have not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we file for approval in connection with an offering
−Removed: of our common stock.
+Added: As of the date of this report, we have
+Added: not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we file for approval in connection with an offering of our
+Added: common stock.
August 17, 2021, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of the Security of Critical Information Infrastructure,
16 unchanged sentences
request to exercise his or her rights, the individual may file a lawsuit with a People’s Court.
−Removed: December 28, 2021, the CAC, NDRC, and other regulatory agencies jointly issued the final version of the Revised Cybersecurity
−Removed: Review Measures, or the Measures, which took effect and replace the previously issued Revised Measures for Cybersecurity
−Removed: Review on February 15, 2022.
−Removed: Under the Revised Review Measures, an “online platform operator” in possession of personal data
+Added: December 28, 2021, the CAC, NDRC, and other government agencies jointly issued the Revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review Measures,
+Added: or the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, which will take effect and replace the previously issued Revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review
+Added: on February 15, 2022.
+Added: Under the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, an “online platform operator” in possession of personal data
of more than one million users must apply for a cybersecurity review if it intends to list its securities on a foreign stock exchange.
4 unchanged sentences
be listed in a foreign country.
−Removed: With regard to the current effective data security management regulations, we don’t
−Removed: believe that we are required to conduct data security review for listing overseas.
−Removed: However, according to the Regulations on Network Data
−Removed: Security Management (Draft for Comment), as an overseas listed company, we will be required to conduct an annual data security review
−Removed: and to comply with the relevant reporting obligations.
−Removed: We have been closely monitoring the development in the regulatory landscape in
−Removed: China, particularly regarding the requirement of approvals, including on a retrospective basis, from the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC authorities
−Removed: with respect to this offering, as well as regarding any annual data security review or other procedures that may be imposed on us.
−Removed: any approval, review or other procedure is in fact required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval or complete
−Removed: such review or other procedure timely or at all.
−Removed: For any approval that we may be able to obtain, it could nevertheless be revoked and
−Removed: the terms of its issuance may impose restrictions on our operations and offerings relating to our securities.
−Removed: The regulatory requirements
−Removed: with respect to cybersecurity and data privacy are constantly evolving and can be subject to varying interpretations, and significant
−Removed: changes, resulting in uncertainties about the scope of our responsibilities in that regard.
−Removed: Failure to comply with the cybersecurity
−Removed: and data privacy requirements in a timely manner, or at all, may subject us to government enforcement actions and investigations, fines,
−Removed: penalties, suspension or disruption of our operations, among other things.
+Added: regard to the current effective data security management regulations, we don’t believe that we are required to conduct data security
+Added: review for listing overseas.
+Added: However, according to the Regulations on Network Data Security Management (Draft for Comment), as an overseas
+Added: listed company, we will be required to conduct an annual data security review and to comply with the relevant reporting obligations.
+Added: We have been closely monitoring the development in the regulatory landscape in China, particularly regarding the requirement of approvals,
+Added: including on a retrospective basis, from the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC authorities with respect to this offering, as well as regarding
+Added: any annual data security review or other procedures that may be imposed on us.
+Added: If any approval, review or other procedure is in fact
+Added: required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such review or other procedure timely or at all.
+Added: For any approval that we may be able to obtain, it could nevertheless be revoked and the terms of its issuance may impose restrictions
+Added: on our operations and offerings relating to our securities.
+Added: The regulatory requirements with respect to cybersecurity and data privacy
+Added: are constantly evolving and can be subject to varying interpretations, and significant changes, resulting in uncertainties about the
+Added: scope of our responsibilities in that regard.
+Added: Failure to comply with the cybersecurity and data privacy requirements in a timely manner,
+Added: or at all, may subject us to government enforcement actions and investigations, fines, penalties, suspension or disruption of our operations,
+Added: among other things.
that the above referenced laws, regulations and policies were recently promulgated or publicly released, their interpretation, application
1 unchanged sentence
regulatory developments in China, including greater oversight and control by the CAC over data security, may subject us to additional
−Removed: regulatory review and any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over foreign investment in
−Removed: China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors
−Removed: and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
+Added: regulatory review, and any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over foreign investment in China-based
+Added: issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the
+Added: value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
statements by the Chinese government have indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas
and/or foreign investments in China based issuers.
−Removed: PRC government recently initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with
−Removed: little advance notice, among other things, including adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, cracking down
−Removed: on illegal activities in the securities market, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement.
−Removed: The PRC government is increasingly
−Removed: focused on data security, recently launching cybersecurity review against a number of mobile apps operated by several U.S.-listed Chinese
−Removed: companies and prohibiting these apps from registering new users during the review period.
−Removed: We are subject to various risks and costs related
−Removed: to the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, and transfer of confidential and private information, such as personal information
−Removed: and other data.
−Removed: Such covered data is wide ranging and relates to our investors, employees, contractors and other third parties.
−Removed: PRC laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between FVTI Nevada, offshore subsidiaries,
−Removed: our PRC subsidiaries, and other parties with which we have commercial relations.
+Added: The PRC government recently initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements
+Added: to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, among other things, including adopting new measures to extend the
+Added: scope of cybersecurity reviews, cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly
+Added: The PRC government is increasingly focused on data security, recently launching cybersecurity review against a number of
+Added: mobile apps operated by several U.S.-listed Chinese companies and prohibiting these apps from registering new users during the review
+Added: We are subject to various risks and costs related to the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, and transfer of confidential
+Added: and private information, such as personal information and other data.
+Added: Such covered data is wide ranging and relates to our investors,
+Added: employees, contractors and other third parties.
+Added: The relevant PRC laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers
+Added: of information between FVTI Nevada, offshore subsidiaries, our PRC subsidiaries, and other parties with which we have commercial relations.
PRC regulatory and enforcement regime with regard to privacy and data security is evolving.
3 unchanged sentences
law imposes heightened regulation and additional security obligations on operators of critical information infrastructure.
+Added: July 10, 2021, the CAC issued the Revised Cybersecurity Measures for public comments.
+Added: According to the Revised Cybersecurity Measures,
+Added: the scope of cybersecurity reviews is extended to data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may
+Added: affect national security.
+Added: The Revised Cybersecurity Measures further require that any operator applying for listing on a foreign exchange
+Added: must go through cybersecurity review if it possesses personal information of more than one million users.
+Added: A cybersecurity review assesses
+Added: potential national security risk that may be brought about by any procurement, data processing, or overseas listing.
+Added: The review focuses
+Added: on several factors, including, among others, (i) the risk of theft, leakage, corruption, illegal use or export of any core or important
+Added: data, or a large amount of personal information, and (ii) the risk of any critical information infrastructure, core or important data,
+Added: or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled or maliciously exploited by a foreign government after a company
+Added: is listed overseas.
November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Regulations of Internet Data Security Management (Draft for Comments), which further regulate
13 unchanged sentences
incidents that occurred and their handling, and a security assessment with respect to sharing and provision of important data overseas.
−Removed: As of the date of this report, the draft regulations have been released for public comment only and have not been formally
−Removed: The final provisions and the timeline for its adoption are subject to changes and uncertainties.
+Added: As of the date of this report, the draft regulations have been released for public comment only and have not been formally adopted.
+Added: final provisions and the timeline for its adoption are subject to changes and uncertainties.
currently operate an online trading platform, primarily engaged in sales of products to our customers in China, where our customers can
3 unchanged sentences
Since our online trading platform has only been in operation for about
−Removed: a year, we are in the process of studying the newly issued rules and regulations governing cybersecurity and data protection and
−Removed: the industry best practice, as well as assessing the extent to which our information and data system is not in full compliance with the
−Removed: various requirements under the newly proposed regulations.
−Removed: Based on the preliminary assessment, our management has determined that we
−Removed: are not in full compliance with those new proposed rules.
−Removed: For example, we have not consistently informed users of the purpose, method
−Removed: and scope of personal information and data collections and uses.
−Removed: We also have not fully implemented the measures designed by us to provide
−Removed: additional security to personal information obtained and stored by us through our online platform.
−Removed: As of the date of this report,
−Removed: the proposed rules have not been adopted and thus we are not subject to those requirements in the proposed rules.
+Added: a year, we are in the process of studying the newly issued rules and regulations governing cybersecurity and data protection and the
+Added: industry best practice, as well as assessing the extent to which our information and data system is not in full compliance with the various
+Added: requirements under the newly proposed regulations.
+Added: Based on the preliminary assessment, our management has determined that we are not
+Added: in full compliance with those new proposed rules.
+Added: For example, we have not consistently informed users of the purpose, method and scope
+Added: of personal information and data collections and uses.
+Added: We also have not fully implemented the measures designed by us to provide additional
+Added: security to personal information obtained and stored by us through our online platform.
+Added: As of the date of this report, the proposed rules
+Added: have not been adopted and thus we are not subject to those requirements in the proposed rules.
+Added: However, if the final rules are adopted
+Added: as proposed, we intend to fully comply with the requirements of the regulations.
are committed to taking the necessary actions to satisfy the effective personal information protection and internet data security regulatory
3 unchanged sentences
We have implemented some of those measures while are in the process of completing the execution of others.
−Removed: to fully comply with the following requirements should the final rules are issued in the same form as proposed:
−Removed: (a) enter into
−Removed: user information collection, storage and use rules and privacy agreements with all users, (b) fully inform users of the purpose, method
−Removed: and scope of personal information and data collection, (c) provide channels for inquiring stored personal information and correcting
−Removed: inaccuracies in information and data, and (d) remediate for violations of personal information and data security protection policies
−Removed: and guidelines, among other things.
−Removed: December 28, 2021, the CAC, NDRC, and several other agencies jointly issued the Cybersecurity Review Measures, or the Measures,
−Removed: which took effect on February 15, 2022 and replaced Revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review previously issued
−Removed: in July 2021.
−Removed: Under the Measures, an “online platform operator” in possession of personal data of more than one million
−Removed: users must apply for a cybersecurity review if it intends to list its securities on a foreign stock exchange.
−Removed: The operators of critical
−Removed: information infrastructure purchasing network products and services, and the online platform operators (together with the operators of
−Removed: critical information infrastructure, the “Operators”) carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national
−Removed: security, shall conduct a cybersecurity review, and any online platform operator who controls more than one million users’ personal
−Removed: information must go through a cybersecurity review by the cybersecurity review office if it seeks to be listed in a foreign country.
−Removed: Pursuant to the Measures, we don’t believe we will be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC, given that (i) we possess
−Removed: personal information of a relatively small number of users (approximately 10,840 users) in our business operations as of the date
−Removed: of this report, significantly less than the one million user threshold set for a data processing operator applying for listing
−Removed: on a foreign exchange that is required to pass such cybersecurity review;
−Removed: and (ii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing
−Removed: on national security and thus shall not be classified as core or important data by the authorities.
−Removed: We don’t believe that we are
−Removed: an Operator within the meaning of the Measures, nor do we control more than one million users’ personal information, and as such,
−Removed: we should not be required to apply for a cybersecurity review under the Measures.
−Removed: in view of the fact that the Measures was released recently and there is a general lack of guidance and substantial uncertainties exist
−Removed: with respect to their interpretation and implementation.
−Removed: For example, there is still no clear definition of “online platform operator”.
−Removed: Whether the data processing activities carried out by traditional enterprises (such as food, medicine, automobile and other production
−Removed: enterprises) are subject to such review and the scope of the review remain to be further clarified by the regulatory authorities in the
−Removed: subsequent implementation process.
+Added: to fully comply with the following requirements should the final rules are issued as proposed:
+Added: (a) enter into user information collection,
+Added: storage and use rules and privacy agreements with all users, (b) fully inform users of the purpose, method and scope of personal information
+Added: and data collection, (c) provide channels for inquiring stored personal information and correcting inaccuracies in information and data,
+Added: and (d) remediate for violations of personal information and data security protection policies and guidelines, among other things.
+Added: December 28, 2021, the CAC, NDRC, and several other agencies jointly issued the final version of the Revised Measures for Cybersecurity
+Added: Review, or the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, which took effect on February 15, 2022 and replaced the previously issued Revised Measures
+Added: for Cybersecurity Review.
+Added: Under the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, an “online platform operator” in possession of personal
+Added: data of more than one million users must apply for a cybersecurity review if it intends to list its securities on a foreign stock exchange.
+Added: The operators of critical information infrastructure purchasing network products and services, and the online platform operators (together
+Added: with the operators of critical information infrastructure, the “Operators”) carrying out data processing activities that
+Added: affect or may affect national security, shall conduct a cybersecurity review, and any online platform operator who controls more than
+Added: one million users’ personal information must go through a cybersecurity review by the cybersecurity review office if it seeks to
+Added: be listed in a foreign country.
+Added: Pursuant to the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, we don’t believe we will be subject to the cybersecurity
+Added: review by the CAC, given that (i) we possess personal information of a relatively small number of users (less than 12,000 users) in our
+Added: business operations as of the date of this report, significantly less than the one million user threshold set for a data processing operator
+Added: applying for listing on a foreign exchange that is required to pass such cybersecurity review;
+Added: and (ii) data processed in our business
+Added: does not have a bearing on national security and thus shall not be classified as core or important data by the authorities.
+Added: believe that we are an Operator within the meaning of the Revised Cybersecurity Measures, nor do we control more than one million users’
+Added: personal information, and as such, we should not be required to apply for a cybersecurity review under the Revised Cybersecurity Measures.
+Added: there remains uncertainty as to how the Revised Cybersecurity Measures may be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory
+Added: agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new rules and regulations related to the Revised Cybersecurity Measures.
+Added: For example, there is
+Added: still no clear definition of “online platform operator”.
+Added: Whether the data processing activities carried out by traditional
+Added: enterprises (such as food, medicine, manufacturing and merchandise sales enterprises) are subject to such review and the scope of the
+Added: review remain to be further clarified by the regulatory authorities in the subsequent implementation process.
+Added: If any new laws, regulations,
+Added: implementation measures or interpretation are adopted, we may need to take further actions and invest resources to comply with such new
+Added: rules and to minimize any potential negative effects on us.
+Added: In addition, if the number of our online platform users increases to a level
+Added: close to one million, we would expect to prepare for the required cybersecurity review procedure and approval from the PRC government.
the CAC released the draft of the Regulations on Network Data Security Management (Draft for Comment) in November 2021 for public consultation,
4 unchanged sentences
form, we, as an overseas listed company, will be required to carry out an annual data security review and comply with the relevant reporting
−Removed: regard to the current effective data security management
−Removed: regulations, we don’t believe that we are required to conduct data security review for listing overseas.
−Removed: However, according to
−Removed: the Regulations on Network Data Security Management (Draft for Comment), as an overseas listed company, we will be required to conduct
−Removed: an annual data security review and to comply with the relevant reporting obligations.
−Removed: We have been closely monitoring the development
−Removed: in the regulatory landscape in China, particularly regarding the requirement of approvals, including on a retrospective basis, from the
−Removed: CSRC, the CAC or other PRC authorities with respect to securities offering, as well as regarding any annual data security review
−Removed: or other procedures that may be imposed on us.
−Removed: If any approval, review or other procedure is in fact required, we cannot assure you that
−Removed: we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such review or other procedure timely or at all.
−Removed: For any approval that we may be
−Removed: able to obtain, it could nevertheless be revoked and the terms of its issuance may impose restrictions on our operations and securities
−Removed: Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over foreign investment in China-based
−Removed: issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the
−Removed: value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
+Added: summary, with regard to the current effective data security management regulations, we don’t believe that we are required to conduct
+Added: data security review for listing overseas.
+Added: However, according to the Regulations on Network Data Security Management (Draft for Comment),
+Added: as an overseas listed company, we will be required to conduct an annual data security review and to comply with the relevant reporting
+Added: We have been closely monitoring the development in the regulatory landscape in China, particularly regarding the requirement
+Added: of approvals, including on a retrospective basis, from the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC authorities with respect to this offering, as well
+Added: as regarding any annual data security review or other procedures that may be imposed on us.
+Added: If any approval, review or other procedure
+Added: is in fact required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such review or other procedure timely
+Added: For any approval that we may be able to obtain, it could nevertheless be revoked and the terms of its issuance may impose
+Added: restrictions on our operations and offerings relating to our securities.
+Added: Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight
+Added: and control over foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue
+Added: to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
regulatory requirements with respect to cybersecurity and data privacy are constantly evolving and can be subject to varying interpretations,
18 unchanged sentences
operations could be materially and adversely affected.
−Removed: If the Chinese
−Removed: government determines that our corporate structure does not comply with Chinese regulations, or if Chinese regulations change or are
−Removed: interpreted differently in the future, Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow our current operating structure, which would likely
−Removed: result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
−Removed: In July 2021, the Chinese government provided
−Removed: new guidance on Chinese companies raising capital outside of mainland China, including through arrangements called variable interest
−Removed: entities, or VIEs.
−Removed: Currently, our corporate structure contains no variable interest entities and we are not in an industry that is subject
−Removed: to foreign ownership limitations in mainland China.
−Removed: However, there are uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system and there
−Removed: may be changes in laws, regulations and policies, including how those laws, regulations and policies will be interpreted or implemented.
−Removed: If in the future the Chinese government determines that our corporate structure does not comply with Chinese regulations, or if Chinese
−Removed: regulations change or are interpreted differently, the value of our securities may decline or become worthless.
+Added: the Chinese government determines that our corporate structure does not comply with Chinese regulations, or if Chinese regulations change
+Added: or are interpreted differently in the future, Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow our current operating structure, which would
+Added: likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of the securities we are registering for sale,
+Added: including that it could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
+Added: business in China, through the operations of our PRC subsidiaries, are governed by PRC law, including PRC foreign investment laws and
+Added: regulations, among others.
+Added: On January 1, 2020, the PRC Foreign Investment Law, or the Foreign Investment Law, and the Regulations
+Added: for Implementation of the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Implementation Regulations, came into
+Added: effect and replaced the trio of prior laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise
+Added: Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation
+Added: rules and ancillary regulations.
+Added: The relevant PRC Telecommunications Regulations require a telecommunication service provider in
+Added: China to obtain an operating license from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or MIIT, or its provincial counterparts,
+Added: prior to commencement of operations.
+Added: Foreign direct investment in telecommunications companies in China is governed by the Administrative
+Added: Rules on Foreign-invested Telecommunications Enterprises, or the FITE Regulations, which was issued by the State Council on December
+Added: 11, 2001 and amended on February 6, 2016.
+Added: On March 29, 2022, the State Council issued the Decision on Revising or Abolishing Some Administrative
+Added: Regulations which will take effective May 1, 2022, made certain significant changes to the 2016 FITE Regulations.
+Added: Under the 2016 FITE
+Added: Regulations, a foreign investor who invests in a value-added telecommunications business in the PRC must possess prior experience in
+Added: and a proven track record of operating value-added telecommunications businesses overseas (the “Qualification Requirements”),
+Added: while the 2022 Decision repeals the Qualification Requirements.
+Added: Therefore, the restrictions of Qualification Requirements no longer apply
+Added: to foreign investors.
+Added: Investments in the PRC by foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises are also regulated by the Catalogue
+Added: of Industries in which Foreign Investment is Encouraged (2020 Edition), or the 2020 Catalogue, and the Special Administrative Measures
+Added: for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List 2021), or the 2021 Negative List.
+Added: Under the Circular on Loosening the Restriction on Foreign
+Added: Shareholdings in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing Business (for E-commerce), or Circular 196, issued by MIIT on June
+Added: 19, 2015, foreign investors may hold up to 100% of all equity interest in an online data processing and transaction processing business
+Added: operating e-commerce in China.
+Added: Apart from e-commerce, the 2021 Negative List also provides that foreign investors may hold 100% equity
+Added: interest in domestic multi-party communications, data collection and transmission services and call centers.
+Added: Pursuant to these laws and
+Added: regulations, we are permitted, through our subsidiaries, to engage
+Added: in food and related product purchases and sales via online platforms as a provider of online data processing and transaction processing
+Added: However, the relevant PRC foreign investment regulations are still evolving, and there have been limited guidance and interpretation
+Added: with respect to these new rules and regulations.
+Added: July 2021, the Chinese government provided new guidance on Chinese companies raising capital outside of mainland China, including through
+Added: arrangements called variable interest entities, or VIEs.
+Added: Currently, our corporate structure contains no variable interest entities and
+Added: we are not in an industry that is subject to foreign ownership limitations in mainland China.
+Added: However, there are uncertainties with respect
+Added: to the Chinese legal system and there may be changes in laws, regulations and policies, including how those laws, regulations and policies
+Added: will be interpreted or implemented.
+Added: If in the future the Chinese government determines that our corporate structure does not comply with
+Added: Chinese regulations, or if Chinese regulations change or are interpreted differently, the value of our securities may decline or become
+Added: addition, pursuant to the PRC M&A Rules, an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes and controlled directly
+Added: or indirectly by Chinese companies or individuals is required to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of
+Added: such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
+Added: However, the provisions of the M&A Rules remains unclear regarding the
+Added: scope and applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.
+Added: The CSRC has not issued any definitive rule or interpretations.
+Added: current laws and regulations, our Chinese legal counsel has advised us that the M&A Rules and related regulations do not require
+Added: the Company or its PRC subsidiaries to obtain prior approval from CSRC for the listing and trading of the Company’s shares on an
+Added: overseas securities market, given that our wholly foreign-owned enterprise subsidiaries were established by direct investment, rather
+Added: than by a merger with or an acquisition of any PRC domestic companies as defined under the M&A Rules.
+Added: However, there are substantial
+Added: uncertainties as to how the M&A Rules are interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and our PRC counsel’s
+Added: opinions stated above are subject to further changes in PRC laws or implementations and interpretations of the M&A Rules, and there
+Added: can be no assurance that the PRC governmental agencies will ultimately take a view that is consistent with our PRC counsel’s opinion
+Added: stated above.
+Added: the PRC regulatory authorities were to find our legal structure and operations in the PRC to be in violation of any PRC laws, administrative
+Added: regulations or provisions, we are uncertain what impact of PRC regulatory authorities’ actions would have on us and our subsidiaries
+Added: and we may lose our right to operate in China through our investment and ownership in our PRC subsidiaries.
+Added: If the Chinese government
+Added: determines that our corporate structure does not comply with Chinese regulations, or if Chinese regulations change or are interpreted
+Added: differently in the future, Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow our current operating structure, which would likely result in
+Added: a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of the securities we are registering for sale, including that
+Added: it could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas
−Removed: and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or
−Removed: cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
−Removed: government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene or influence our operations as
−Removed: the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals.
−Removed: The Chinese government has recently published new
−Removed: policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility
−Removed: that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding the food and beverage industry or the supply china industry that
−Removed: could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business,
−Removed: financial condition and results of operations.
−Removed: Furthermore, recent statements made by the Chinese government have indicated an intent
−Removed: to increase the government’s oversight and control over offerings of companies with significant operations in mainland China that
−Removed: are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us.
−Removed: Any future action by the Chinese
−Removed: government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to government review could
−Removed: significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors or could disallow our current
−Removed: operating structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of our securities,
−Removed: including causing the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
+Added: and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of the securities
+Added: we are registering for sale.
+Added: Chinese government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene or influence our operations
+Added: as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals.
+Added: The Chinese government has recently published
+Added: new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the
+Added: possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding the food and beverage industry or the supply chain industry
+Added: that could require us to seek permission from Chinese authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our
+Added: business, financial condition and results of operations.
+Added: Furthermore, recent statements made by the Chinese government have indicated
+Added: an intent to increase the government’s oversight and control over offerings of companies with significant operations in mainland
+Added: China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us.
+Added: Any future action by
+Added: the Chinese government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to government
+Added: review could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors or could disallow
+Added: our current operating structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value
+Added: of our securities, including causing the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly
3 unchanged sentences
of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws.
−Removed: Since this document is still relatively new, uncertainties still exist
−Removed: in relation to how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations
−Removed: or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new
−Removed: laws and regulations will have on our future business combination with a company with major operation in China.
+Added: Since this document is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation
+Added: to how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed
+Added: implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations
+Added: will have on our future business combination with a company with major operation in China.
Chinese government continues to exert more oversight and control over Chinese technology firms.
9 unchanged sentences
Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures”), collectively,
−Removed: the Draft Overseas Listing Rules, which are currently published for public comments only.
−Removed: According to the Draft Overseas Listing Rules,
−Removed: among other things, all China-based companies applying for overseas securities issuance, listing and post-listing capital operations
−Removed: shall be subject to statutory procedures, such as filing and information reporting requirement.
−Removed: After making initial applications with
−Removed: overseas stock markets for offerings or listings, all China-based companies shall file with the CSRC within three business days.
−Removed: overseas offerings and listings may be prohibited for such China-based companies when any of the following applies:
−Removed: (a) if the securities
−Removed: offerings and listings are prohibited by applicable PRC laws and rules;
−Removed: (b) if securities offerings and listings may constitute a threat
−Removed: to, or endanger national security as reviewed and determined by PRC authorities;
−Removed: (c) if there are material ownership disputes over applicants’
−Removed: equity interests, major assets, core technologies or other items;
−Removed: (d) if a PRC company or its controlling shareholders or de facto controllers
−Removed: have committed certain crimes, under investigation for suspicion of major violations in the prior three years;
−Removed: (e) if any directors,
−Removed: supervisors, or senior executives of applicants have been subject to administrative punishments for severe violations, or are under investigations
−Removed: for crimes or major violations;
−Removed: or (f) other circumstances as provided.
−Removed: The Draft Administrative Provisions further provide that a fine
−Removed: between RMB 1 million and RMB 10 million may be imposed if a company fails to fulfill the filing requirements with the CSRC or conducts
−Removed: an overseas offering or listing in violation of the Draft Overseas Listing Rules.
−Removed: In the case of severe violations, an order to suspend
−Removed: relevant businesses or halt operations for rectification may be issued, and relevant business permits or operational license revoked.
−Removed: Overseas issuance and listings subject to the Draft Overseas Listing Rules include direct and indirect issuance and listings.
−Removed: that our future securities offerings and proposed listing of our shares on Nasdaq Capital Market would be deemed an Indirect
−Removed: Overseas Issuance and Listing under the Draft Overseas Listing Rules and will be required to complete the filing procedures and submit
−Removed: the relevant information to CSRC after the Draft Overseas Listing Rules become effective.
−Removed: As of the date of this report, such
−Removed: rules have not become effective and we are not required to complete the filing procedures if we complete this offering and begin the
−Removed: trading of our common stock on the Nasdaq before the rules take effect.
−Removed: In addition, after the rules take effect, we would only need
−Removed: to submit the filing materials and no CSRC approval would be required under the rules.
−Removed: Because we are relying on an opinion of counsel,
−Removed: there is uncertainty inherent in relying on an opinion of counsel in connection with whether we are required to obtain permissions from
−Removed: a governmental agency that is required to approve of our operations and/or listings.
−Removed: In the event that an government approval
−Removed: is required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to receive clearance in a timely manner, or at all.
−Removed: Any failure of us to fully
−Removed: comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our common
−Removed: stock, cause significant disruption to our business operations, severely damage our reputation, materially and adversely affect our financial
−Removed: condition and results of operations and cause our shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
+Added: the Draft Overseas Listing Rules.
+Added: On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Trial Measures and five application guidelines, or the Overseas
+Added: Listing Rules, which will become effective on March 31, 2023.
+Added: According to the Overseas Listing Rules, among other things, all China-based
+Added: companies applying for overseas securities issuance, listing and post-listing capital operations shall be subject to statutory procedures,
+Added: such as filing and information reporting requirement.
+Added: After making initial applications with overseas stock markets for offerings or
+Added: listings, all China-based companies shall file with the CSRC within three business days.
+Added: In addition, overseas offerings and listings
+Added: are prohibited for such China-based companies when any of the following applies:
+Added: (a) where such securities offering and listing is explicitly
+Added: prohibited by applicable PRC laws, administrative regulations and rules;
+Added: (b) where a intended securities offering and listing may endanger
+Added: national security as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law;
+Added: (c) where a domestic
+Added: company intending to make a securities offering and listing, or its controlling shareholder(s) or actual controlling person(s), have
+Added: committed crimes, such as corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property or undermining the order of the socialist market
+Added: economy, during the past three years;
+Added: (d) where a domestic company intending to make a securities offering and listing is suspected of
+Added: committing crimes or major violations of laws and regulations, and is under investigation according to law, and no conclusion has yet
+Added: been made thereof;
+Added: (e) where there are material ownership disputes over equity held by the domestic company’s controlling shareholder
+Added: or by other shareholders that are controlled by the controlling shareholder and/or actual controller.
+Added: The Overseas Listing Rules further
+Added: provide that a fine between RMB 1 million and RMB 10 million may be imposed if a company fails to fulfill the filing requirements with
+Added: the CSRC or conducts an overseas offering or listing in violation of the Overseas Listing Rules.
+Added: Overseas issuance and listings subject
+Added: to the Overseas Listing Rules include direct and indirect issuance and listings.
+Added: According to the Notice on the Administrative Procedures
+Added: for the Filing of Overseas Offerings and Listings by Domestic Companies published by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, existing listed companies
+Added: are not required to make any filings until they conduct a new offering or financing transaction in the future.
+Added: A company is regarded
+Added: as an existing listed company if it (a) has already completed overseas listing or offering, or (b) has already obtained the approval
+Added: for the offering or listing from overseas securities regulatory authorities or stock exchanges but has not completed such offering or
+Added: listing before effective date of the Overseas Listing Rules and also completes the offering or listing before September 30, 2023.
+Added: the effective date of the Overseas Listing Rules, PRC companies that have already submitted offering and listing applications but have
+Added: not yet obtained the approvals from overseas securities regulators or exchanges shall make filings with the CSRC at a reasonable time
+Added: before the completion of the offerings or listings.
+Added: We believe that our offering and the listing of our shares on Nasdaq Capital Market
+Added: would be deemed an indirect overseas offering and listing under the Overseas Listing Rules and will be required to complete the filing
+Added: procedures and submit the relevant information to CSRC if we cannot obtain the approvals for this offering and listing from the U.S.
+Added: securities regulators or the Nasdaq before the Overseas Listing Rules become effective.
+Added: As of the date of this report, the Overseas Listing
+Added: Rules have not become effective and we are not required to complete the filing procedures if we obtain the approvals for this offering
+Added: and listing from the U.S.
+Added: securities regulators and the Nasdaq before the Overseas Listing Rules take effect and complete this offering
+Added: and begin the trading of our securities on the Nasdaq before September 30, 2023.
+Added: In addition, after the Overseas Listing Rules take effect,
+Added: even if we are required to complete the filing procedures, we would only need to submit the filing materials and no CSRC approval would
+Added: be required under the rules.
+Added: Because we are relying on an opinion of counsel, there is uncertainty inherent in relying on an opinion
+Added: of counsel in connection with whether we are required to obtain permissions from a governmental agency that is required to approve of
+Added: our operations and/or listings.
+Added: In the event that an government approval is required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to receive
+Added: clearance in a timely manner, or at all.
+Added: Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or
+Added: completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our common stock, cause significant disruption to our business operations,
+Added: severely damage our reputation, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our shares
+Added: to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
Securities Regulatory Commission and other Chinese government agencies may exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted
−Removed: overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers.
−Removed: Additional compliance procedures may be required in connection with
−Removed: the offering of our securities and our business operations, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able
+Added: overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, especially those in the technology filed.
+Added: Additional compliance procedures may
+Added: be required in connection with this offering and our business operations, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able
to obtain such approval.
As a result, we face uncertainty about future actions by the PRC government that could significantly affect
−Removed: our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and/or conduct our operations and cause the value of our shares
−Removed: to significantly decline or be worthless.
−Removed: in our securities may be prohibited
−Removed: under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or investigate completed
−Removed: our auditors for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, or for two consecutive years if the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies
−Removed: Accountable Act or the America COMPETES Act becomes law .
+Added: our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our shares to significantly decline or be worthless.
+Added: may be subject to PRC laws relating to the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, and transfer of confidential and private information,
+Added: such as personal information and other data.
+Added: These laws continue to develop, and the PRC government may adopt other rules and restrictions
+Added: in the future.
+Added: Non-compliance could result in penalties or other significant legal liabilities.
+Added: failure or perceived failure by our PRC subsidiaries to comply with the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for Internet Platforms Economy Sector
+Added: and other PRC anti-monopoly laws and regulations may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation or claims
+Added: against us and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
+Added: PRC anti-monopoly enforcement agencies have strengthened enforcement under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law in the recent years.
+Added: 28, 2018, the SAMR issued the Notice on Anti-monopoly Enforcement Authorization, pursuant to which its province-level branches are authorized
+Added: to conduct anti-monopoly enforcement within their respective jurisdictions.
+Added: On September 11, 2020, the Anti-Monopoly Commission of the
+Added: State Council issued Anti-monopoly Compliance Guideline for Operators, which requires operators to establish anti-monopoly compliance
+Added: management systems under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law to manage anti-monopoly compliance risks.
+Added: On February 7, 2021, the Anti-Monopoly Commission
+Added: of the State Council published Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform Economy Sector that specified circumstances under which
+Added: an activity of an internet platform will be identified as monopolistic act as well as concentration filing procedures for business operators.
+Added: According to the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law, if a business operator carries out a concentration in violation of the law, the relevant authority
+Added: shall order the business operator to terminate the concentration, dispose of the shares or assets or transfer the business within a specified
+Added: time limit, or take other measures to restore the pre-concentration status, and impose a fine of up to RMB500,000.
+Added: On March 12, 2021,
+Added: the SAMR published several administrative penalty cases in connection with concentration of business operators that violated PRC Anti-Monopoly
+Added: Law in the internet sector.
+Added: October 23, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress issued a discussion draft of the amended Anti-Monopoly
+Added: Law, which proposes to increase the fines for illegal concentration of business operators to “no more than ten percent of its last
+Added: year’s sales revenue if the concentration of business operator has or may have an effect of excluding or limiting competition;
+Added: or a fine of up to RMB5 million if the concentration of business operator does not have an effect of excluding or limiting competition.”
+Added: The draft also proposes for the relevant authority to investigate transaction where there is evidence that the concentration has or may
+Added: have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, even if such concentration does not reach the filing threshold.
+Added: 24, 2021, nine government agencies, including the NDRC, jointly issued the Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Sustainable Development
+Added: of Platform Economy, which provides that, among others, monopolistic agreements, abuse of dominant market position and illegal concentration
+Added: of business operators in the field of platform economy will be strictly investigated and punished in accordance with the relevant laws.
+Added: the present time, we have a relatively small scale supply chain platform operations based on our market share in our product markets
+Added: and other factors.
+Added: We are not an operator with a dominant market position, and our operating activity cannot constitute an anti-monopoly
+Added: behavior that abuses our dominant market position.
+Added: We have not entered into monopoly agreements prohibited by the Anti-Monopoly Law with
+Added: competing business operators.
+Added: As of the date of the report, we have not received a notification from the anti-monopoly regulatory authority
+Added: requiring us to file the concentration of undertakings or received any related administrative penalties.
+Added: We believe that we are in compliance
+Added: with the currently effective PRC anti-monopoly laws in all material aspects.
+Added: Nevertheless, if the PRC regulatory authorities identify
+Added: any of our activities as monopolistic under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law or the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform Economy
+Added: Sector, we may be subject to investigations and administrative penalties, and therefore materially
+Added: and adversely affect our financial conditions, operations and business prospects.
+Added: If we are required to take any rectifying or remedial
+Added: measures or are subject to any penalties, our reputation and business operations may be materially and adversely affected.
+Added: in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect
+Added: or investigate completely our auditors for two consecutive years .
recent years, U.S.
2 unchanged sentences
As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on
−Removed: access to audit and other information, the Holding
−Removed: Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020.
−Removed: The HFCAA includes requirements for the SEC to
−Removed: identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a
−Removed: restriction imposed by a non-U.S.
+Added: access to audit and other information, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020.
+Added: The HFCAA includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to
+Added: inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S.
authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction.
−Removed: The HFCAA also requires that, to the extent that
−Removed: the PCAOB has been unable to inspect an issuer’s auditor for three consecutive years since 2021, the SEC shall prohibit its securities
−Removed: registered in the United States from being traded on any national securities exchange or over-the-counter markets in the United States.
+Added: The HFCAA also requires that, to the extent that the PCAOB has been unable to inspect an issuer’s auditor for three consecutive
+Added: years since 2021, the SEC shall prohibit its securities registered in the United States from being traded on any national securities
+Added: exchange or over-the-counter markets in the United States.
March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements
of the HFCAA.
−Removed: The interim final rule applies to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit
−Removed: report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
−Removed: investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction.
−Removed: Consistent with the HFCAA, the interim final
−Removed: rule requires the submission of documentation to the SEC establishing that such a registrant is not owned or controlled by a government
−Removed: entity in that foreign jurisdiction and also requires disclosure in a foreign issuer’s annual report regarding the audit arrangements
−Removed: of, and government influence on, such registrants.
−Removed: On May 13, 2021, the PCAOB issued proposed PCAOB Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under
−Removed: the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act for public comment.
−Removed: The proposed rule provides a framework for making determinations as
−Removed: to whether PCAOB is unable to inspect an audit firm in a foreign jurisdiction, including the timing, factors, bases, publication and
−Removed: revocation or modification of such determinations, and such determinations will be made on a jurisdiction-wide basis in a consistent
−Removed: manner applicable to all firms headquartered in the jurisdiction.
+Added: The interim final rule applies to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report
+Added: issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate
+Added: completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction.
+Added: Consistent with the HFCAA, the interim final rule requires
+Added: the submission of documentation to the SEC establishing that such a registrant is not owned or controlled by a government entity in that
+Added: foreign jurisdiction and also requires disclosure in a foreign issuer’s annual report regarding the audit arrangements of, and
+Added: government influence on, such registrants.
+Added: On May 13, 2021, the PCAOB issued proposed PCAOB Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the
+Added: Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act for public comment.
+Added: The proposed rule provides a framework for making determinations as to
+Added: whether PCAOB is unable to inspect an audit firm in a foreign jurisdiction, including the timing, factors, bases, publication and revocation
+Added: or modification of such determinations, and such determinations will be made on a jurisdiction-wide basis in a consistent manner applicable
+Added: to all firms headquartered in the jurisdiction.
In November 2021, the SEC approved PCAOB Rule 6100.
−Removed: 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to final rules implementing the disclosure and submission requirements of the HFCAA.
−Removed: June 22, 2021, the U.S.
−Removed: Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act or AHFCAA, and on February 4,
−Removed: 2022, the U.S.
−Removed: House of Representatives passed the America Creating Opportunities for Manufacturing Pre-Eminence in Technology and
−Removed: Economic Strength (COMPETES) Act of 2022, or the COMPETES Act.
−Removed: If either bill is enacted into law, it would amend the HFCAA and
−Removed: require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S.
−Removed: stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to
−Removed: PCAOB inspections or complete investigations for two consecutive years instead of three.
−Removed: As a result, our securities may be
−Removed: prohibited from trading on Nasdaq or over-the-counter markets if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive
−Removed: years as specified in the HFCAA or two years if the AHFCAA or the COMPETES Act becomes law, and would reduce the time before our
−Removed: securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted.
December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCAA.
6 unchanged sentences
authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.
−Removed: lack of access to the PCAOB inspection or investigation in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control
−Removed: procedures of the auditors based in China.
−Removed: As a result, the investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections.
−Removed: inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections or investigations of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness
−Removed: of these accounting firms’ audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject
−Removed: to the PCAOB inspections and investigations, which could cause existing and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence
−Removed: in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
+Added: August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a SOP with the CSRC and the MOF of the PRC regarding cooperation in the oversight of PCAOB-registered
+Added: public accounting firms in the PRC and Hong Kong which establishes a method for the PCAOB to conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered
+Added: public accounting firms in the PRC and Hong Kong, as contemplated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
+Added: Under the agreement, (a) the PCAOB has sole
+Added: discretion to select the firms, audit engagements and potential violations it inspects and investigates without consultation with, or
+Added: input from, PRC authorities;
+Added: (b) procedures are in place for PCAOB inspectors and investigators to view complete audit work papers with
+Added: all information included and for the PCAOB to retain information as needed;
+Added: (c) the PCAOB has direct access to interview and take testimony
+Added: from all personnel associated with the audits the PCAOB inspects or investigates;
+Added: and (d) the PCAOB shall have the unfettered ability
+Added: to transfer information to the SEC in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the SEC can use the information for all regulatory
+Added: purposes, including administrative or civil enforcement actions.
+Added: The PCAOB was required to reassess its determinations as to whether
+Added: it is able to carry out inspections and investigations completely and without obstruction by the end of 2022.
+Added: On December 15, 2022, the
+Added: PCAOB determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered
+Added: in mainland China and Hong Kong and vacated its previous determinations.
+Added: However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to
+Added: facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB will consider the need to issue a new determination.
+Added: passed fiscal year 2023 Omnibus spending legislation in December 2022, which contained provisions to accelerate the HFCAA timeline for
+Added: implementation of trading prohibitions from three years to two years.
+Added: As a result, the SEC is required to prohibit an issuer’s
+Added: securities from trading on any U.S.
+Added: stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections or complete investigations for
+Added: two consecutive years.
current auditor, MaloneBailey, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that is headquartered in the United States with
−Removed: offices in Beijing and Shenzhen, is a firm registered with the U.S.
−Removed: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”),
−Removed: and is required by the laws of the U.S.
−Removed: to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the U.S.
+Added: offices in Beijing and Shenzhen, is a firm registered with the PCAOB and is required by the laws of the U.S.
+Added: to undergo regular inspections
+Added: by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the U.S.
and professional standards.
−Removed: MaloneBailey, LLP has been subject to PCAOB inspections, and is not among the PCAOB-registered public accounting
−Removed: firms headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong that are subject to PCAOB’s determination on December 16, 2021 of having been unable
−Removed: to inspect or investigate completely.
−Removed: Notwithstanding the foregoing, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect
−Removed: or investigate our auditor completely, or if there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit MaloneBailey,
−Removed: LLP to provide audit documentations located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands
−Removed: the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCAA, as the same may be amended, you may be deprived of the benefits of
−Removed: such inspection.
−Removed: Any audit reports not issued by auditors that are completely inspected or investigated by the PCAOB, or a lack of PCAOB
−Removed: inspections or investigations of audit work undertaken in China that prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditors’
−Removed: audits and their quality control procedures, could result in a lack of assurance that our financial statements and disclosures are adequate
−Removed: and accurate.
−Removed: the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would
−Removed: apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality
−Removed: control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to
−Removed: the audit of our financial statements.
−Removed: It remains unclear what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these
−Removed: issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S.
−Removed: companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed
+Added: MaloneBailey, LLP has been subject to PCAOB
+Added: inspections on a regular basis with the last inspection conducted in 2021 and is not among the PCAOB-registered public accounting firms
+Added: headquartered in the PRC or Hong Kong that are subject to PCAOB’s determination.
+Added: Notwithstanding
+Added: the foregoing, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, or if there is any
+Added: regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit MaloneBailey, LLP to provide audit documentations located in China
+Added: or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation, or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject
+Added: to the HFCAA, as the same may be amended, we would fail to meet the PCAOB’s requirements.
+Added: Any audit reports not issued by auditors
+Added: that are completely inspected or investigated by the PCAOB, or a lack of PCAOB inspections or investigations of audit work undertaken
+Added: in China that prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures, could result
+Added: in a lack of assurance that our financial statements and disclosures are adequate and accurate.
+Added: of these developments have brought additional uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities
+Added: would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures
+Added: and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it
+Added: relates to the audit of our financial statements.
+Added: It remains unclear what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address
+Added: these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S.
+Added: companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities
+Added: listed on a U.S.
stock exchange (including a national security exchange or over-the-counter stock market).
−Removed: In addition, any additional actions,
−Removed: proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S.
−Removed: regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty
−Removed: for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are
−Removed: unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense
+Added: In addition, any additional
+Added: actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S.
+Added: regulatory access to audit information could create
+Added: some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor
+Added: are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense
and management time.
120 unchanged sentences
For example, loans by us
−Removed: to our FIE subsidiaries in China to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE.
−Removed: a foreign invested enterprise shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope.
−Removed: The capital of a foreign invested enterprise shall not be used for the following purposes:
−Removed: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment
−Removed: beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations;
−Removed: (ii) directly or indirectly
−Removed: used for investment in securities or investments other than banks’ principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant
−Removed: laws and regulations;
−Removed: (iii) granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license;
−Removed: and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate
−Removed: enterprises).
+Added: to our FIE subsidiaries in China to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE or its local
+Added: counterparts, or filed with SAFE in its information system.
+Added: In addition, a foreign invested enterprise shall use its capital pursuant
+Added: to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope.
+Added: The capital of a foreign invested enterprise shall not be used
+Added: for the following purposes:
+Added: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited
+Added: by relevant laws and regulations;
+Added: (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities or investments other than banks’
+Added: principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations;
+Added: (iii) granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises,
+Added: except where it is expressly permitted in the business license;
+Added: and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that
+Added: is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises).
promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement
34 unchanged sentences
condition and operating results.
+Added: may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may
+Added: have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our
+Added: ability to conduct our business.
+Added: rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including for services
+Added: of any debt we may incur.
+Added: Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings.
+Added: PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits,
+Added: if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations.
+Added: In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries, as a Foreign
+Added: Invested Enterprise, or FIE, are required to draw 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve, which
+Added: may stop drawing its after-tax profits if the aggregate balance of the statutory reserve has already accounted for over 50 percent of
+Added: its registered capital.
+Added: These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
+Added: If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf
+Added: in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us.
+Added: Any limitation
+Added: on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to their respective shareholders could materially and
+Added: adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends or otherwise
+Added: fund and conduct our business.
+Added: addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable
+Added: to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties
+Added: or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises
+Added: are incorporated.
control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.
16 unchanged sentences
If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency
−Removed: demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our security-holders.
+Added: demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our security-holders or to fund our business activities outside
+Added: In addition, there can be no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on our ability to
+Added: transfer cash or assets within our organization or to foreign investors, which could result in an inability or prohibition on making
+Added: transfers or distributions outside of PRC and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
+Added: the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC or Hong Kong entity, such cash or assets may not be available
+Added: to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations
+Added: on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
+Added: transfer of cash and assets among us, our Hong Kong and PRC subsidiaries is subject to restrictions.
+Added: The PRC government imposes controls
+Added: on the conversion of the RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC.
+Added: In addition, the PRC Enterprise
+Added: Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by
+Added: Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises, unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and
+Added: the governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident.
+Added: of the date of this report, there are no restrictions or limitations imposed by the Hong Kong government on the transfer of capital within,
+Added: into and out of Hong Kong (including funds from Hong Kong to the PRC), except for the transfer of funds involving money laundering and
+Added: criminal activities.
+Added: However, there is no guarantee that the Hong Kong government will not promulgate new laws or regulations that may
+Added: impose such restrictions in the future.
+Added: a result of the foregoing PRC laws and regulations, to the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC
+Added: or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due
+Added: to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government
+Added: to transfer cash or assets.
in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.
23 unchanged sentences
on fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.
−Removed: reflect the impact of currency translation adjustments in our financial statements under the heading “accumulated other comprehensive
−Removed: income (loss).” For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had foreign currency translation gain of $269,234
−Removed: and $321,337, respectively.
−Removed: Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations.
−Removed: To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions.
−Removed: While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability
−Removed: and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all.
−Removed: our foreign currency exchange gains and losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert
−Removed: RMB into foreign currencies.
+Added: We reflect the impact of currency translation adjustments in our financial
+Added: statements under the heading “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021,
+Added: we had foreign currency translation loss of $807,766 and foreign currency translation gain of $269,234, respectively.
+Added: Very limited hedging
+Added: transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations.
+Added: To date, we have not entered into any hedging
+Added: transactions.
+Added: While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may
+Added: be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all.
+Added: In addition, our foreign currency exchange gains and losses
+Added: may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies.
to comply with the Individual Foreign Exchange Rules relating to the overseas direct investment or the engagement in the issuance or
76 unchanged sentences
Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:
−Removed: investigations,
−Removed: enforcement actions, and sanctions;
−Removed: changes to our supply chain system and products;
−Removed: of profits, fines, and damages;
−Removed: and criminal penalties or injunctions;
−Removed: for damages by our customers or partners;
−Removed: of contracts;
−Removed: of intellectual property rights;
−Removed: to obtain, maintain or renew certain licenses, approvals, permits, registrations or filings
−Removed: to conduct our operations;
−Removed: or permanent debarment from sales to public service organizations.
+Added: investigations, enforcement
+Added: actions, and sanctions;
+Added: mandatory changes to our
+Added: supply chain system and products;
+Added: disgorgement of profits,
+Added: fines, and damages;
+Added: civil and criminal penalties
+Added: or injunctions;
+Added: claims for damages by our
+Added: customers or partners;
+Added: termination of contracts;
+Added: loss of intellectual property
+Added: failure to obtain, maintain
+Added: or renew certain licenses, approvals, permits, registrations or filings
+Added: necessary to conduct our
+Added: temporary or permanent
+Added: debarment from sales to public service organizations.
any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of
39 unchanged sentences
On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act was signed into law.
−Removed: March 24, 2021, the SEC announced that it had adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure
−Removed: requirements of the Act.
−Removed: The interim final amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report
−Removed: on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction
+Added: March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure requirements
+Added: The interim final amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report on Forms
+Added: 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction
and that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that
4 unchanged sentences
on, such a registrant.
−Removed: June 22, 2021, the U.S.
−Removed: Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“AHFCAA”), a bill which,
−Removed: if passed by the U.S.
−Removed: House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required
−Removed: for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two and, thus, would reduce the
−Removed: time before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted.
December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the Holding
7 unchanged sentences
authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.
+Added: August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a SOP with the CSRC and the MOF of the PRC regarding cooperation in the oversight of PCAOB-registered
+Added: public accounting firms in the PRC and Hong Kong.
+Added: The SOP seeks to establish a method for the PCAOB to conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered
+Added: public accounting firms in the PRC and Hong Kong.
+Added: Under the agreement, (a) the PCAOB has sole discretion to select the firms, audit engagements
+Added: and potential violations it inspects and investigates without consultation with, or input from, PRC authorities;
+Added: (b) procedures are in
+Added: place for PCAOB inspectors and investigators to view complete audit work papers with all information included and for the PCAOB to retain
+Added: information as needed;
+Added: (c) the PCAOB has direct access to interview and take testimony from all personnel associated with the audits
+Added: the PCAOB inspects or investigates;
+Added: and (d) the PCAOB shall have the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC in accordance
+Added: with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the SEC can use the information for all regulatory purposes, including administrative or civil enforcement
+Added: The PCAOB is required to reassess its determinations as to whether it is able to carry out inspections and investigations completely
+Added: and without obstruction by the end of 2022.
+Added: December 15, 2022, the PCAOB determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public
+Added: accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations.
+Added: However, should PRC authorities
+Added: obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB will consider the need to issue a new determination.
+Added: December 2022, Congress passed fiscal year 2023 Omnibus spending legislation, which contained provisions to accelerate the HFCAA timeline
+Added: for implementation of trading prohibitions from three years to two years.
+Added: As a result of the legislation, the SEC is required to prohibit
+Added: an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S.
+Added: stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections or complete
+Added: investigations for two consecutive years.
recent regulatory developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities
10 unchanged sentences
regulatory access to audit information could create
−Removed: some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and
−Removed: our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant
−Removed: expense and management time.
+Added: some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor
+Added: are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense
+Added: and management time.
a result of these scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S.
30 unchanged sentences
incurs any debts, the instruments governing such debts may restrict its ability to pay dividends to us.
−Removed: In order for us to pay dividends
−Removed: or other distributions to our shareholders, including investors in this offering, we will rely on payments from our subsidiaries.
−Removed: or other assets may be transferred to us from our subsidiaries in the following manner:
−Removed: (i) funds from our operating subsidiaries to
−Removed: WFOEs may be remitted as services fees, dividends or other distributions;
−Removed: and (ii) WFOEs may make dividends or other distributions to
−Removed: us through our Hong Kong subsidiaries.
+Added: To the extent cash or assets
+Added: in the business is in the PRC or a PRC subsidiary, the cash or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside
+Added: of the PRC due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our or our subsidiaries’ ability by the
+Added: PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
PRC regulations permit Chinese operating subsidiaries to pay dividends to foreign parent companies only out of their accumulated profits,
45 unchanged sentences
general financial conditions, legal and contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
+Added: may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China
+Added: against us or Hong Kong or other foreign laws.
+Added: July 14, 2006, Hong Kong and the PRC entered into the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and
+Added: Commercial Matters by the Courts of the PRC and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Pursuant to Choice of Court Agreements
+Added: Between Parties Concerned, or the 2006 Arrangement, pursuant to which a party with a final court judgment rendered by a Hong Kong court
+Added: requiring payment of money in a civil and commercial case pursuant to a choice of court agreement in writing may apply for recognition
+Added: and enforcement of the judgment in the PRC.
+Added: Similarly, a party with a final judgment rendered by a PRC court requiring payment of money
+Added: in a civil and commercial case pursuant to a choice of court agreement in writing may apply for recognition and enforcement of the judgment
+Added: in Hong Kong.
+Added: A choice of court agreement in writing is defined as any agreement in writing entered into between parties after the effective
+Added: date of the 2006 Arrangement in which a Hong Kong court or a PRC court is expressly designated as the court having sole jurisdiction
+Added: for the dispute.
+Added: Therefore, it is not possible to enforce a judgment rendered by a Hong Kong court in the PRC if the parties in dispute
+Added: have not agreed to enter into a choice of court agreement in writing.
+Added: The 2006 Arrangement became effective on August 1, 2008.
+Added: on January 18, 2019, Hong Kong and the PRC entered into the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil
+Added: and Commercial Matters between the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Arrangement, pursuant
+Added: to which, among other things, the scope of application was widened to cover both monetary and non-monetary judgments in most civil and
+Added: commercial matters, including effective judgments on civil compensation in criminal cases.
+Added: In addition, the requirement of a choice of
+Added: court agreement in writing has been removed.
+Added: It is no longer necessary for parties to agree to enter into a choice of court agreement
+Added: in writing, as long as it can be shown that there is a connection between the dispute and the requesting place, such as place of the
+Added: defendant’s residence, place of the defendant’s business or place of performance of the contract or tort.
+Added: The 2019 Arrangement
+Added: shall apply to judgments in civil and commercial matters made on or after its effective date by the courts of both sides.
+Added: The 2006 Arrangement
+Added: shall be terminated on the same day when the 2019 Arrangement comes into effect.
+Added: If a “written choice of court agreement”
+Added: has been signed by parties according to the 2006 Arrangement prior to the effective date of the 2019 Arrangement, the 2006 Arrangement
+Added: shall still apply.
+Added: 2019 Arrangement will be implemented by local legislation in Hong Kong.
+Added: The Legislative Council in Hong Kong has passed the Mainland
+Added: Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance on 26 October 2022.
+Added: The Chief Judge of the Hong Kong High
+Added: Court will make rules to provide for the relevant practice and procedures.
+Added: In the PRC, the Supreme People’s Court will promulgate
+Added: a judicial interpretation to implement the 2019 Arrangement.
+Added: When the rules and the judicial interpretation have been prepared, the Department
+Added: of Justice in Hong Kong will liaise with the PRC as to the date on which the 2019 Arrangement will take effect in both places simultaneously.
+Added: The 2019 Arrangement will apply to judgments made on or after the commencement date of the 2019 Arrangement.
+Added: Therefore, there are still
+Added: uncertainties about the outcomes and effectiveness of enforcement or recognition of judgments under the 2019 Arrangement.
+Added: Related to Business Operations in Hong Kong
+Added: risks associated with conducting business in Hong Kong.
+Added: have two holding subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong, including DILHK and JJHK.
+Added: Neither DILHK nor JJHK is currently engaged in any
+Added: business operations in Hong Kong, and their only activities are limited to certain administrative functions and holding the equity interests
+Added: in their respective PRC subsidiaries.
+Added: Additionally, none of our customers purchasing our products via our Fugu Online platform or through
+Added: our online stores at third party e-commerce websites is a Hong Kong resident individual or enterprise, nor have we generated revenue
+Added: from the Hong Kong source.
+Added: If however in the future our Hong Kong subsidiaries conduct business operations or our customer base expands
+Added: into Hong Kong, our business operations and financial condition could be affected by the political and legal developments in Hong Kong.
+Added: Any changes in the economic, social and/or political conditions, material social unrest, strike, riot, civil disturbance or disobedience,
+Added: as well as significant natural disasters, may affect the market and the business operations of our Hong Kong subsidiaries if in the future
+Added: our Hong Kong subsidiaries conduct operations.
+Added: Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the
+Added: PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, namely, Hong Kong’s constitutional document, which provides Hong Kong with
+Added: a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the
+Added: principle of “one country, two systems.” Nevertheless, we cannot ensure that there will not be any changes in the economic,
+Added: political and legal environment in Hong Kong in the future.
+Added: the Basic Law, Hong Kong is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external relations, while the government of the PRC is
+Added: responsible for its foreign affairs and defense.
+Added: As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign
+Added: states and regions.
+Added: Based on certain recent development including the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National
+Added: Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the
+Added: PRC (“NPC”) in June 2020, the U.S.
+Added: State Department has indicated that the United States no longer considers Hong Kong to
+Added: have significant autonomy from China and President Trump signed an executive order and Hong Kong Autonomy Act, or HKAA, to remove Hong
+Added: Kong’s preferential trade status and to authorize the U.S.
+Added: administration to impose sanctions against foreign individuals and entities
+Added: who are determined by the U.S.
+Added: administration to have materially contributed to the failure to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy.
+Added: United States may impose the same tariffs and other trade restrictions on exports from Hong Kong that it places on goods from mainland
+Added: These and other recent actions may represent an escalation in political and trade tensions involving the U.S., China and Hong
+Added: Kong, which could potentially harm our business if our operations expand into Hong Kong in the future.
+Added: Given the relatively small geographical
+Added: size of Hong Kong, any of such incidents could have a material effect on the future operations if we expand our business operations into
+Added: Hong Kong, which could in turn materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
+Added: It is difficult to predict
+Added: the full impact of the HKAA on Hong Kong and companies with operations in Hong Kong.
+Added: Furthermore, legislative or administrative actions
+Added: in respect of China-U.S.
+Added: relations could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, if in the future we conduct our
+Added: business in Hong Kong and the market price of our common stock could be affected.
+Added: may incur additional costs and procedural obstacles in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions
+Added: in Hong Kong against us or our directors or officers based on Hong Kong laws.
+Added: you want to enforce a judgment of the United States in Hong Kong, it must be a final judgment conclusive upon the merits of the claim,
+Added: for a definite sum of money in a civil matter and not in respect of taxes, fines, penalties, or similar charges, the proceedings in which
+Added: the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice, and the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy
+Added: of Hong Kong.
+Added: Such a judgment must be for a fixed sum and must also come from a competent court.
+Added: effect of HKAA and other U.S.
+Added: government policies in response to the enactment of Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in
+Added: the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Hong Kong National Security Law”) could impact our Hong Kong holding subsidiaries.
+Added: June 30, 2020, the Standing Committee of the PRC NPC adopted the Hong Kong National Security Law.
+Added: This law defines the duties and government
+Added: bodies of the Hong Kong National Security Law for safeguarding national security and four categories of offences — secession, subversion,
+Added: terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security — and their corresponding
+Added: On July 14, 2020, the former U.S.
+Added: President Donald Trump signed the HKAA into law, authorizing the U.S.
+Added: administration to
+Added: impose sanctions against foreign individuals and entities who are determined by the U.S.
+Added: administration to have materially contributed
+Added: to the failure to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy.
+Added: On August 7, 2020 the U.S.
+Added: government imposed HKAA-authorized sanctions on eleven
+Added: individuals, including Hong Kong’s then chief executive, Carrie Lam.
+Added: On October 14, 2020, the U.S.
+Added: State Department submitted to
+Added: relevant committees of Congress the report required under HKAA, identifying persons materially contributing to “the failure of
+Added: the Government of China to meet its obligations under the Joint Declaration or the Basic Law.” The HKAA further authorizes secondary
+Added: sanctions, including the imposition of blocking sanctions, against foreign financial institutions that knowingly conduct a significant
+Added: transaction with foreign persons sanctioned under this authority.
+Added: The imposition of sanctions may directly affect the foreign financial
+Added: institutions as well as any third parties or customers dealing with any foreign financial institution that is targeted.
+Added: It is difficult
+Added: to predict the full impact of the HKAA on Hong Kong and companies located in Hong Kong.
+Added: If our Hong Kong subsidiaries conduct business
+Added: operations in the future and were determined to be in violation of the Hong Kong National Security Law or the HKAA for some reasons,
+Added: however unlikely, our business operations, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
+Added: Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the availability of legal protections.
+Added: Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the PRC.
+Added: Following British colonial rule from 1842 to 1997, China assumed sovereignty under
+Added: the “one country, two systems” principle.
+Added: The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’s constitutional document, the
+Added: Basic Law, ensures that the current political situation will remain in effect for 50 years.
+Added: Hong Kong has enjoyed the freedom to function
+Added: with a high degree of autonomy for its affairs, including currencies, immigration and customs operations, and its independent judiciary
+Added: system and parliamentary system.
+Added: On July 14, 2020, the United States signed an executive order to end the special status enjoyed by Hong
+Added: Kong post-1997.
+Added: Any compromise on the autonomy of Hong Kong could have an adverse effect in our business and operations in Hong Kong
+Added: if and when we expand our business or customer base in Hong Kong in the future.
+Added: We cannot predict the effect of future developments in
+Added: the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof.
Related to our Common Stock
47 unchanged sentences
Chief Executive Officer, Mr.
−Removed: Yumin Lin, and our Director, Mr.
−Removed: Minghua Cheng, collectively own a majority of our outstanding shares of
−Removed: common stock and could significantly influence the outcome of our corporate matters.
+Added: Yumin Lin, and our former Director, Mr.
+Added: Minghua Cheng, collectively own a majority of our outstanding
+Added: shares of common stock and could significantly influence the outcome of our corporate matters.
Yumin Lin, our CEO, beneficially owns 41.53% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, and Mr.
−Removed: Minghua Cheng, our Director, beneficially
−Removed: owns 44.4% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock.
+Added: Minghua Cheng, our former Director,
+Added: beneficially owns 44.4% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock.
As a result, Messrs.
−Removed: Yumin Lin and Minghua Cheng are collectively able to
−Removed: exercise significant influence over all matters that require us to obtain shareholder approval, including the election of directors to
−Removed: our board and approval of significant corporate transactions that we may consider, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its
−Removed: This concentration of ownership in our shares by executive officers will limit other shareholders’ ability to influence
−Removed: corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us.
+Added: Yumin Lin and Minghua Cheng are collectively
+Added: able to exercise significant influence over all matters that require us to obtain shareholder approval, including the election of
+Added: directors to our board and approval of significant corporate transactions that we may consider, such as a merger or other sale of
+Added: our company or its assets.
+Added: This concentration of ownership in our shares by executive officers will limit other shareholders’
+Added: ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over
price of our common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and stockholders may not be able to
25 unchanged sentences
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.