What changed in this filing

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

2023-03-10 compared with 2022-03-14 · 404 added, 454 removed, 218 unchanged (80% of the section changed)

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

In addition to factors mentioned elsewhere in this Report, the factors contained below, among others, could cause our financial condition and results of operations to be materially and

adversely affected.

In addition to factors mentioned elsewhere in this Report, the factors contained below, among others, could cause our financial condition and results of operations to be materially and adversely

If this were to happen, the value of our common stock could decline, perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Has Adversely Impacted our Business and Results of Operations, and the Ultimate Impact of the Pandemic on the U.S., California and Global Economies, and

on our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition, Will Depend on Future Developments, Which Are Highly Uncertain and Cannot be Predicted;

However, the Effects of the Pandemic Have Had and Can Be Expected to Continue to Have an

Adverse Impact, Which Could Be Material

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our business and results of operation, and the ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and

cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and responsive actions taken by governmental and regulatory authorities.

The pandemic and related governmental actions have negatively impacted the U.S., California and

global economies, disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and increased unemployment levels.

In addition, the pandemic has significantly increased economic

uncertainty, reduced economic activity, and resulted in temporary closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in many states and communities, including the markets where we have

Governments in the U.S.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Has Adversely Impacted our Business and Results of Operations, and the Ultimate Impact of the Pandemic on the U.S., California and Global Economies, and on our

Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition, Will Depend on Future Developments, Which Are Highly Uncertain and Cannot be Predicted;

However, the Effects of the Pandemic Have Had and May Continue to Have an Adverse Impact, Which Could

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our business and results of operation, and the ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be

predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and responsive actions taken by governmental and regulatory authorities.

The pandemic and related governmental actions have negatively impacted the U.S., California and global economies,

disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and increased unemployment levels.

In addition, the pandemic significantly increased economic uncertainty, reduced

economic activity, and resulted in temporary closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in many states and communities, including the markets where we have operations.

Governments in

and globally have taken steps to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the virus.

During March 2020, the U.S.

Congress adopted and the President signed into law the CARES Act,

which provided for some $2.2 trillion in federal funding for a variety of programs designed to stimulate the U.S.

Congress adopted and the President signed into law the CARES Act, which provided for some $2.2

trillion in federal funding for a variety of programs designed to stimulate the U.S.

economy and to soften the economic consequences of the pandemic.

During March 2020, in response to the pandemic, the FRB reduced

the federal funds rate 1.5 percentage points to .00 to .25 percent, and provided other monetary support to the financial markets and financial institutions in the U.S.

Additionally, in December 2020, the Congress passed and the

President signed into law an additional $900 billion COVID-relief package.

There can be no assurance that these and other governmental measures will be effective in combating the impact of the pandemic or

achieve their desired results in a timely fashion.

The pandemic began in the first quarter 2020 and continued to 2021.

During March 2020, in response to the pandemic, the FRB reduced the federal funds rate 1.5

percentage points to .00 to .25 percent, and provided other monetary support to the financial markets and financial institutions in the U.S.

Additionally, in December 2020, the Congress passed and the President signed into law an

additional $900 billion COVID-relief package.

There can be no assurance that these and other governmental measures will be effective in combating the impact of the pandemic or achieve their desired results in a

timely fashion.

The pandemic began in the first quarter 2020 and continued to 2021 and 2022.

In response to the pandemic, the Bank proactively developed a COVID-19 Customer Support Plan designed to

provide relief to those business and consumer customers financially impacted by the pandemic.

Among other actions, the Bank has offered loan assistance for those impacted by COVID-19, including waiver of late fees for qualifying consumer,

small business, commercial and agricultural loan customers for an initial period of 60 days which began in March 2020 and was later extended into the third quarter (waiver of late fees expired on October 1, 2020);

Among other actions, the Bank offered loan assistance for those impacted by COVID-19, including waiver of late fees for qualifying consumer, small

business, commercial and agricultural loan customers for an initial period of 60 days which began in March 2020 and was later extended into the third quarter (waiver of late fees expired on October 1, 2020);

payment relief options;

delinquencies resulting from impacts of COVID-19 will not be reported to the credit reporting bureaus;

access to loan programs, including the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and the Bank’s strong

relationship with the State of California’s I-Bank;

deposit account assistance, including waiver of overdraft/non-sufficient funds fees for all business and consumer customers for an initial period of 60 days which began in March 2020 and was

later extended to the third quarter of 2020 (the auto-waiver period expired on August 1, 2020);

delinquencies

resulting from impacts of COVID-19 were not reported to the credit reporting bureaus;

access to loan programs, including the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and the Bank’s strong relationship with

the State of California’s I-Bank;

deposit account assistance, including waiver of overdraft/non-sufficient funds fees for all business and consumer customers for an initial period of 60 days which began in March 2020 and was later extended to the

third quarter of 2020 (the auto-waiver period expired on August 1, 2020);

increased debit card limits on a case-by-case basis for consumer clients;

deposit customer access to surcharge-free ATMs at over 50 locations within

the Bank’s local footprint and hundreds more throughout the state through the Bank’s membership in the MoneyPass ATM Network;

deposit customer access to surcharge-free ATMs at over 50 locations within the Bank’s local

footprint and hundreds more throughout the state through the Bank’s membership in the MoneyPass ATM Network;

and waiver of early withdrawal charges for customers wishing to withdraw funds from their Certificates of Deposit.

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Service charges on deposit accounts increased $285,000 in 2021 over 2020, increasing

from $1,371,000 to $1,656,000.

Future governmental and regulatory actions may require us to provide these and additional types of customer-related responses.

Further impact to our results of

operations cannot be quantified at this time.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly if businesses remain closed, the impact on the national economy worsens, or more

customers draw on their lines of credit or seek additional loans to help finance their businesses.

We provide financing to businesses in a number of industries that may be particularly vulnerable to industry-specific economic factors that can

adversely impact the performance of our commercial business, construction, commercial and multi-family real estate loan portfolios.

Certain industries, such as the home building, commercial real estate, retail, agricultural, industrial,

and commercial industries, among others, have been, and can expected to continue to be, adversely impacted by the disruptive and recessionary market conditions caused by the pandemic, which could result in higher nonperforming assets for us and

elevated levels of charge-offs.

from $1,371,000 to $1,656,000 and increased $16,000 in 2022 over 2021, increasing from $1,656,000 to $1,672,000.

Future governmental and regulatory actions may require us to provide these and additional types of

customer-related responses.

Further impact to our results of operations cannot be quantified at this time.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly if businesses remain closed, the impact on the national economy worsens, or more customers draw

on their lines of credit or seek additional loans to help finance their businesses.

We provide financing to businesses in a number of industries that may be particularly vulnerable to industry-specific economic factors that can adversely impact

the performance of our commercial business, construction, commercial and multi-family real estate loan portfolios.

Certain industries, such as the home building, commercial real estate, retail, agricultural, industrial, and commercial

industries, among others, have been, and can expected to continue to be, adversely impacted by the disruptive and recessionary market conditions caused by the pandemic, which could result in higher nonperforming assets for us and elevated levels of

Because of changing economic and market conditions affecting issuers, we also may be required to recognize impairments on the securities we hold.

Our business operations may also be disrupted if significant portions of our workforce, including employees of our third-party service providers, are unable to work effectively, including

because of illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic.

As of December 31, 2021, we have repopulated all offices, with some remaining on a hybrid schedule of working in the office and working

Remote work arrangements may exacerbate certain risks to our business, including an increased demand for information technology resources, increased risk of phishing and other cybersecurity attacks, and increased information security

risk involving, among other risks, the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information about us, our customers or other third parties.

The pandemic could also disrupt our operations due to

absenteeism by infected or ill members of management or other employees, or members of our Board of Directors, making it more difficult to conduct meetings for the management of our affairs.

The operations of our clients, customers, suppliers,

and third-party service providers have also been, and are likely to be further, adversely impacted.

Our business operations may also be disrupted if significant portions of our workforce, including employees of our third-party service providers, are unable to work effectively, including because of

illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic.

As of December 31, 2021, we repopulated all offices, with some remaining on a hybrid schedule of working in the office and working remotely.

work arrangements may exacerbate certain risks to our business, including an increased demand for information technology resources, increased risk of phishing and other cybersecurity attacks, and increased information security risk involving, among

other risks, the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information about us, our customers or other third parties.

The pandemic could also disrupt our operations due to absenteeism by infected

or ill members of management or other employees, or members of our Board of Directors, making it more difficult to conduct meetings for the management of our affairs.

The operations of our clients, customers, suppliers, and third-party service

providers have also been, and are likely to be further, adversely impacted.

We may also experience financial losses due to a number of operational factors, including, among others:

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pandemic has subsided.

The extent to which these effects may occur will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its

severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

In 2021, the widespread availability in the U.S.

of new vaccines began to moderate the

impact of the pandemic, but various new strains of the virus emerged, including one with a higher rate of infectiousness even in vaccinated persons, that have continued the pandemic.

There can be no assurance that further vaccine-resistant

strains of the virus will not emerge.

Even after the pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of the national and global economic impact of the virus, including the

availability of credit, adverse impacts on our liquidity and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

A substantial majority of our assets, deposits and interest and fee income are generated in Northern California,

particularly in the Sacramento Valley region.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, following a declaration of a state of emergency in early March 2020, the California state government issued a strict shelter-in-place order on March

19, 2020, instituting social distancing requirements and closing all non-essential businesses.

the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

In 2021 and 2022, the widespread availability in the U.S.

of new vaccines began to moderate the impact

of the pandemic, but various new strains of the virus emerged, including one with a higher rate of infectiousness even in vaccinated persons, that have continued the pandemic.

There can be no assurance that further vaccine-resistant strains of

the virus will not emerge.

Even after the pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of the national and global economic impact of the virus, including the availability of credit,

adverse impacts on our liquidity and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

A substantial majority of our assets, deposits and interest and fee income are generated in Northern California, particularly in the Sacramento

Valley region.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, following a declaration of a state of emergency in early March 2020, the California state government issued a strict shelter-in-place order on March 19, 2020, instituting social

distancing requirements and closing all non-essential businesses.

Later in 2020, the California state government adopted a four-phase reopening plan.

The ability of a county to move into a phase with fewer

restrictions on economic and social activities was dependent upon the county’s compliance with parameters such as the county’s case rate, test positivity rate, and a health equity metric.

As of June 15, 2021, the Governor of California

terminated the executive orders that put into place the stay home order and phased out the vast majority of executive actions put in place since March 2020 as part of the pandemic response.

The public health order effective June 15, 2021, has

limited restrictions, only related to masking and mega-events, as well as settings serving children and youth.

There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the outbreak is

highly uncertain and subject to change.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, or on the U.S., California or global economies or our market areas in

The ability of a county to move into a phase with fewer restrictions on economic and social

activities was dependent upon the county’s compliance with parameters such as the county’s case rate, test positivity rate, and a health equity metric.

As of June 15, 2021, the Governor of California terminated the executive orders that put into

place the stay home order and phased out the vast majority of executive actions put in place since March 2020 as part of the pandemic response.

There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the outbreak is highly

uncertain and subject to change.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, or on the U.S., California or global economies or our market areas in particular.

Given the many challenges and uncertainties resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, there is a risk that conditions will be substantially different than we are currently expecting.

However, the effects of the pandemic can be

reasonably expected to have an adverse impact, which could be material, on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and heighten many of our known risks described in this section.

However, the effects of the pandemic, especially if new strains

of the virus emerge, could have an adverse impact, which could be material, on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and heighten many of our known risks described in this section.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Governmental and Regulatory Actions have Negatively Impacted the U.S., California and Global Economies, Significantly Increased Economic

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economy experienced a period of significant expansion in recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental and regulatory actions, the early economic effects of which began to be felt late

in the first quarter 2020 and have continued into 2021, have negatively impacted the U.S.

in the first quarter 2020 and have continued into 2021 and 2022, have negatively impacted the U.S.

and global economies, disrupted supply chains, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and increased unemployment levels.

addition, the pandemic has significantly increased economic uncertainty, reduced economic activity, and resulted in temporary and permanent closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements

in many states and communities, including the markets where we have operations.

We, and other financial services companies, are impacted to a significant degree by current economic conditions.

In addition, the pandemic significantly increased economic uncertainty, reduced economic activity, and resulted in temporary and permanent closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in

many states and communities, including the markets where we have operations.

We, and other financial services companies, have been impacted to a significant degree by current economic conditions.

Governments in the U.S.

and globally have taken steps to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the virus.

and globally took steps to mitigate some of the more severe anticipated economic effects of the virus.

During March 2020, the U.S.

Congress adopted and the President signed into law

the CARES Act, which provided for some $2.2 trillion in federal funding for a variety of programs designed to stimulate the U.S.

Congress adopted and the President signed into law the CARES

Act, which provided for some $2.2 trillion in federal funding for a variety of programs designed to stimulate the U.S.

economy and to soften the economic consequences of the pandemic.

Also, during March 2020, in response to the

pandemic, the FRB reduced the federal funds rate 1.5 percentage points to .00 to .25 percent, and provided other monetary support to the financial markets and financial institutions in the U.S.

Additionally, in December 2020, the Congress passed

and the President signed into law an additional $900 billion COVID-relief package.

Also, during March 2020, in response to the pandemic, the FRB

reduced the federal funds rate 1.5 percentage points to .00 to .25 percent, and provided other monetary support to the financial markets and financial institutions in the U.S.

Additionally, in December 2020, the Congress passed and the President

signed into law an additional $900 billion COVID-relief package.

There can be no assurance that these and other governmental measures will be effective or achieve their desired results in a timely fashion.

The various governmental stimulus measures introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have increased, and can be expected to continue to increase, federal budget deficits and the national debt level, while

federal, state and local tax revenue can be expected to decline along with economic activity.

These events can be expected to adversely affect the long-term sovereign credit rating of United States debt, and downgrades by the credit rating

agencies with respect to the obligations of the U.S.

events can be expected to adversely affect the long-term sovereign credit rating of United States debt, and downgrades by the credit rating agencies with respect to the obligations of the U.S.

federal government could occur.

Any such downgrades could increase over time the U.S.

federal government’s cost of borrowing, which may worsen its fiscal challenges, as well as generate upward

pressure on interest rates generally in the U.S., which could, in turn, have adverse consequences for borrowers and the level of business activity.

The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak ultimately impacts the national and global economies will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited

to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has

subsided, the U.S., California and global economies may continue to experience materially adverse impacts and continuing or worsening recessionary conditions.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S.

or global economies or our market areas in particular;

however, the pandemic can reasonably be expected to result in prolonged continuing or worsening recessionary economic and financial market conditions, which are likely to have adverse

consequences, which could be material, for the U.S.

financial services industry and for the Bank.

Any such downgrades

could increase over time the U.S.

federal government’s cost of borrowing, which may worsen its fiscal challenges, as well as generate upward pressure on interest rates generally in the U.S., which could, in turn, have adverse consequences for

borrowers and the level of business activity.

Economic Conditions in the U.S.

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Following the financial crisis of 2008, adverse financial and economic developments impacted U.S.

and global economies and financial markets and presented challenges for the banking and

financial services industry and for us.

and global economies and financial markets and presented challenges for the banking and financial

services industry and for us.

These developments included a general recession both globally and in the U.S.

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In response, various significant economic and monetary stimulus measures were implemented by the U.S.

The FRB also pursued a highly accommodative monetary policy aimed at keeping

interest rates at historically low levels although the FRB has more recently modified certain aspects of this policy by gradually increasing short-term interest rates and reducing its balance sheet.

economy has experienced a period of

significant expansion in recent years;

The FRB also pursued a highly accommodative monetary policy aimed at keeping interest

rates at historically low levels although the FRB has more recently modified certain aspects of this policy by gradually increasing short-term interest rates and reducing its balance sheet.

economy has experienced a period of significant

expansion in recent years;

however, this expansion is not likely to continue indefinitely and, at some point, economic conditions in the U.S.

are likely to soften or become recessionary.

We, and other financial services companies, are

impacted to a significant degree by current economic conditions.

We, and other financial services companies, are impacted to a

significant degree by current economic conditions.

government continues to face significant fiscal and budgetary challenges which, if not resolved, could result in renewed adverse U.S.

economic conditions.

These challenges

may be intensified over time if federal budget deficits were to increase and Congress and the Administration cannot effectively work to address them.

The overall level of the federal government’s debt, the extensive political disagreements regarding the government’s statutory debt limit and the continuing substantial federal budget deficits

led to a downgrade from “AAA” to “AA+” of the long-term sovereign credit rating of United States debt by one credit rating agency, although other credit rating agencies did not take such action.

These challenges may be

intensified over time if federal budget deficits were to increase and Congress and the Administration cannot effectively work to address them.

The overall level of the federal government’s debt, the extensive political disagreements regarding the government’s statutory debt limit and the continuing substantial federal budget deficits led to

a downgrade from “AAA” to “AA+” of the long-term sovereign credit rating of United States debt by one credit rating agency, although other credit rating agencies did not take such action.

This risk could be exacerbated over time.

If substantial federal budget deficits were to continue in the years ahead, further downgrades by the credit rating agencies with respect to the obligations of the U.S.

federal government could

federal government could occur.

Any such further downgrades could increase over time the U.S.

federal government’s cost of borrowing, which may worsen its fiscal challenges, as well as generate upward pressure on interest rates generally in the U.S.

which could, in turn,

have adverse consequences for borrowers and the level of business activity.

It is also possible that the federal government’s fiscal and budgetary challenges could be intensified over time as a result of the federal tax legislation signed into

law in December of 2017 if the reductions in tax rates along with greater government spending result in increased federal budget deficits.

The long-term impact of this situation cannot be predicted.

The Bank is Subject to Lending Risks of Loss and Repayment Associated with Commercial Banking Activities Which are Likely to be Adversely Impacted by

the COVID-19 Pandemic

which could, in turn, have

adverse consequences for borrowers and the level of business activity.

It is also possible that the federal government’s fiscal and budgetary challenges could be intensified over time as a result of the federal tax legislation signed into law in

December of 2017 if the reductions in tax rates along with greater government spending result in increased federal budget deficits.

The long-term impact of this situation, including the impact to the Bank’s investment securities portfolio and

other assets, cannot be predicted.

The Bank is Subject to Lending Risks of Loss and Repayment Associated with Commercial Banking Activities

The Bank’s business strategy is to focus on commercial business loans (which includes agricultural loans), construction loans, and commercial and multi-family real estate loans.

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Bank’s risk of loss in connection with commercial business loans include the borrower’s ability to manage its business affairs and cash flows, general economic conditions, and, with respect to agricultural loans, weather and climate conditions.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, following a declaration of a state of emergency in early March of 2020, the California state government issued a strict shelter-in-place order on March 19, 2020, instituting

social distancing requirements and closing all non-essential businesses.

Later in 2020, the California state government adopted a four-phase reopening plan.

The ability of a county to move into a phase with fewer restrictions on economic and

social activities was dependent upon the county’s compliance with parameters such as the county’s case rate, test positivity rate, and a health equity metric.

As of June 15, 2021, the Governor of California terminated the executive orders that

put into place the stay home order and phased out the vast majority of executive actions put in place since March 2020 as part of the pandemic response.

The public health order effective June 15, 2021, has limited restrictions, only related to

masking and mega-events, as well as settings serving children and youth.

Although many restrictions have now been relaxed, given the many uncertainties and challenges resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, it is difficult to predict when and

the extent to which, normal economic and operating conditions can resume in the state.

generally, and in California in particular, the pandemic has significantly increased economic uncertainty, reduced economic activity and increased unemployment levels.

While many financial institutions,

including the Bank, have offered loan assistance and payment relief to qualifying consumer, small business, commercial, and agricultural loan customers impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak, the pandemic has had and can be expected to continue to

have significant economic consequences on many of our commercial loan customers, with commercial lending customers increasing line of credit balances or seeking additional loans to help finance their businesses, and increased risk of

delinquencies and defaults, particularly as restrictions on economic and social activities remain in effect for a prolonged period and many businesses remain closed.

These events, in turn, have resulted and could continue to result in the

recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolios and increases in our allowance for loan losses, which could have an adverse effect, which could be material, on the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations.

For a number of years in the past decade, California has also experienced severe drought, wildfires or other natural disasters.

It can be expected that these events will continue to occur from time to time in the

areas served by the Bank, and that the consequences of these natural disasters, including public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger warrant, may adversely affect the Bank’s business and that of its

commercial loan customers, particularly in the agricultural sector.

For a number of years, California has also experienced severe drought, wildfires or other natural disasters.

It can be expected that these events will continue to occur from time to time in the areas served by the

Bank, and that the consequences of these natural disasters, including public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger warrant, may adversely affect the Bank’s business and that of its commercial loan customers,

particularly in the agricultural sector.

Loans secured by commercial real estate are generally larger and involve a greater degree of credit and transaction risk than residential mortgage (one to four family) loans.

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Real estate construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate.

Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent

largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction or development compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction.

If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the

Bank may be confronted with a project which, when completed, has a value which is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan.

For additional information, see “The Bank’s Dependence on Real Estate Lending Increases Our Risk of

Losses, Particularly Given the Continuing or Worsening Economic and Financial Market Conditions Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic”, below in these “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Although the Bank manages lending risks through its underwriting and credit administration policies, no assurance can be given that such risks will not materialize, in which event, the Company’s financial

condition, results of operations, cash flows, and business prospects could be materially adversely affected.

Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely

upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction or development compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction.

If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the Bank may be

confronted with a project which, when completed, has a value which is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan.

For additional information, see “The Bank’s Dependence on Real Estate Lending Increases Our Risk of Losses”, below

in these “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

results of operations, cash flows, and business prospects could be materially adversely affected.

Increases in the Allowance for Loan Losses Would Adversely Affect the Bank’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations

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of total non-performing loans net of guaranteed portions at December 31, 2022, compared to 137.3% of total non-performing loans, net of guaranteed portions at December 31, 2021.

Reversal of provision

for loan losses totaled $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to provision for loan losses of $3.1 million for the same period in 2020.

The reversal of provision for loan losses during 2021 was primarily due to the

decrease in specific reserve on impaired loans to one borrower, coupled with an overall decrease in qualitative factors resulting from an improvement in economic conditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related responses to the pandemic by federal, state and local governments have negatively impacted the U.S., California and global economies, significantly increased economic uncertainty,

reduced economic activity, increased unemployment levels, and resulted in temporary and permanent closures of many businesses and restrictions on business and social activities in many states and communities, including many markets where we have

The pandemic has resulted and can be expected to continue to result in the recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolios and increases in our allowance for credit losses.

Material future additions to the allowance for estimated

losses on loans may be necessary if such material adverse changes in economic conditions continue to occur and the performance of the Bank’s loan portfolio deteriorates.

In addition, the pandemic may significantly affect the commercial and residential real estate markets in the U.S.

generally, and in California in particular, decreasing property values, increasing the risk of

defaults and reducing the value of real estate collateral.

An allowance for losses on other real estate owned may also be required in order to reflect changes in the markets for real estate in which the Bank’s other real estate owned is located

and other factors which may result in adjustments which are necessary to ensure that the Bank’s foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the properties.

Moreover, the FDIC and the

California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for estimated losses on loans and the carrying value of its assets.

Increases in the

provisions for estimated losses on loans and foreclosed assets would adversely affect the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Bank’s Dependence on Real Estate Lending Increases Our Risk of Losses, Particularly Given the Continuing or Worsening Economic and Financial Market Conditions Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

At December 31, 2021, approximately 71% of the Bank’s loans in principal amount (excluding loans held-for-sale) were secured by real estate.

We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts of the COVID-19

pandemic on the U.S., California or global economies, or our market areas in particular.

In 2021, the widespread availability in the U.S.

of new vaccines began to moderate the impact of the pandemic, but various new strains of the virus emerged,

including one with a higher rate of infectiousness even in vaccinated persons, that have continued the pandemic.

There can be no assurance that further vaccine-resistant strains of the virus will not emerge.

In addition, a significant portion

of the population in California remains unvaccinated and therefore exposed to the pandemic.

Accordingly, the risk remains that the pandemic could again worsen and result in prolonged recessionary economic and financial market conditions in the

market areas we serve.

If this were to occur, the value of our real estate loan portfolio and the collateral supporting it could be adversely and materially impacted.

Provision for loan losses totaling $900,000 for the year ended

December 31, 2022, compared to reversal of provision for loan losses totaling $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The year-to-date provision for loan loss was primarily due to loan growth.

year reversal of provision for loan losses was primarily due to the decrease in specific reserve on impaired loans to one borrower, coupled with an overall decrease in qualitative factors resulting from an improvement in economic conditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related responses to the pandemic by federal, state and local governments negatively impacted the U.S., California and global economies, significantly increased economic uncertainty, reduced

economic activity, increased unemployment levels, and resulted in temporary and permanent closures of many businesses and restrictions on business and social activities in many states and communities, including many markets where we have

The pandemic has resulted and may continue to result in the recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolios and increases in our allowance for credit losses.

Material future additions to the allowance for estimated losses on loans

may be necessary if such material adverse changes in economic conditions were to continue to occur and the performance of the Bank’s loan portfolio were to deteriorate.

An allowance for losses on other real estate owned may also be required in order to reflect changes in the markets for real estate in which the Bank’s other real estate owned is located and other factors which may

result in adjustments which are necessary to ensure that the Bank’s foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the properties.

Moreover, the FDIC and the California DFPI, as an integral

part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for estimated losses on loans and the carrying value of its assets.

Increases in the provisions for estimated losses on loans and foreclosed assets would adversely affect

the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Bank’s Dependence on Real Estate Lending Increases Our Risk of Losses

The Bank’s primary lending focus has historically been commercial (including agricultural), construction, and real estate mortgage.

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The Bank is subject to certain industry specific economic factors.

For example, a portion of the Bank’s total loan portfolio is related to residential and commercial real estate,

especially in California.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and its resulting recessionary economic and market conditions, may significantly affect the commercial and residential real estate markets in the U.S.

generally, and in California in particular,

decreasing property values, increasing the risk of defaults and reducing the value of real estate collateral.

Increases in residential mortgage loan interest rates could also have an adverse effect on the Bank’s operations by

depressing new mortgage loan originations, which in turn could negatively impact the Bank’s title and escrow deposit levels.

Additionally, a downturn in the residential real estate and housing industries in California could have an adverse

effect on the Bank’s operations and the quality of its real estate and construction loan portfolio.

For example, a portion of the Bank’s total loan portfolio is

related to residential and commercial real estate, especially in California.

Increases in residential mortgage loan interest rates could have an adverse effect on the Bank’s operations by depressing new mortgage loan originations, which

in turn could negatively impact the Bank’s title and escrow deposit levels.

Additionally, a downturn in the residential real estate and housing industries in California could have an adverse effect on the Bank’s operations and the quality of its

real estate and construction loan portfolio.

Although the Bank does not engage in subprime or negative amortization lending, we are not immune to volatility in the real estate market.

estate valuations are influenced by demand, and demand is driven by economic factors such as employment rates and interest rates, which have been, and may continue to be, affected by the pandemic.

These factors could adversely impact the quality

of the Bank’s residential construction, residential mortgage and construction related commercial portfolios in various ways, including by decreasing the value of the collateral for our loans, and thereby negatively affecting the Bank’s overall

loan portfolio.

Real estate valuations are influenced by demand, and demand is

driven by economic factors such as employment rates and interest rates, which have been, and may continue to be, affected by the pandemic.

These factors could adversely impact the quality of the Bank’s residential construction, residential

mortgage and construction related commercial portfolios in various ways, including by decreasing the value of the collateral for our loans, and thereby negatively affecting the Bank’s overall loan portfolio.

The Bank provides financing to, and receives deposits from, businesses in a number of other industries that may be particularly vulnerable to industry-specific economic factors, including the home building,

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provisions and charge-offs against credit losses in this portfolio.

The recessionary economic and market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may significantly affect the commercial and residential real estate markets in the U.S.

The recessionary economic and market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic also significantly affected the commercial and residential real estate markets in the U.S.

generally, and in California in particular, decreasing property values, increasing the risk of defaults and reducing the value of real estate collateral.

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could also adversely affect businesses in several of these industries.

Industry specific risks are beyond the Bank’s control and could adversely affect the Bank’s portfolio of loans, potentially resulting in an increase in non-performing loans

or charge-offs and a slowing of growth or reduction in our loan portfolio.

Industry specific risks are beyond the Bank’s control and could adversely affect the Bank’s portfolio of loans, potentially resulting in an increase in non-performing loans or

charge-offs and a slowing of growth or reduction in our loan portfolio.

In recent years, wildfires across California and in our market areas resulted in significant damage and destruction of property and equipment.

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affected markets and beyond and on the Bank’s customers.

In addition, the major electric utility company in our region has adopted programs of electrical power shut-offs, often for multiple days, in wide areas of Northern California during

periods of high winds and high fire danger.

In addition, the major electric utility company in our region has adopted programs of electrical power shut-offs, often for multiple days, in wide areas of Northern California during periods

of high winds and high fire danger.

Shut-offs of power by this utility have adversely impacted the business of some of our customers and also have resulted in some of our branches being temporarily closed.

It can be expected that these

events will continue to occur from time to time in the areas served by the Bank, and that the consequences of these natural disasters, including programs of public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger

warrant, may adversely affect the Bank’s business and that of its customers.

It is also possible that climate change may be increasing the severity or frequency of adverse weather conditions, thus increasing the impact of these types of natural

disasters on our business and that of our customers.

It can be expected that these events

will continue to occur from time to time in the areas served by the Bank, and that the consequences of these natural disasters, including programs of public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger warrant, may

adversely affect the Bank’s business and that of its customers.

It is also possible that climate change may be increasing the severity or frequency of adverse weather conditions, thus increasing the impact of these types of natural disasters on our

business and that of our customers.

The long-term impact of these developments on the markets we serve cannot be predicted at this time.

The Effects of Changes or Increases in, or Supervisory Enforcement of, Banking or Other Laws and Regulations or Governmental Fiscal or Monetary Policies Could Adversely Affect Us

We are subject to significant federal and state banking regulation and supervision, which is primarily for the benefit and protection of our customers and the Deposit Insurance Fund and not for

the benefit of investors in our securities.

We are subject to significant federal and state banking regulation and supervision, which is primarily for the benefit and protection of our customers and the Deposit Insurance Fund and not for the

benefit of investors in our securities.

In the past, our business has been materially affected by these regulations.

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Therefore, our business may be

adversely affected by changes in laws, regulations, policies or interpretations or regulatory approaches to compliance and enforcement, as well as by supervisory action or criminal proceedings taken as a result of noncompliance, which could

result in the imposition of significant civil money penalties or fines.

in the imposition of significant civil money penalties or fines.

Changes in laws and regulations may also increase our expenses by imposing additional supervision, fees, taxes or restrictions on our operations.

Compliance with laws and

regulations, especially new laws and regulations, increases our operating expenses and may divert management attention from our business operations.

Compliance with laws and regulations,

especially new laws and regulations, increases our operating expenses and may divert management attention from our business operations.

Following the imposition in 2008 of a federal government conservatorship on the two government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) in the housing finance industry, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage

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These proposals, among other things, include reducing or eliminating

over time the role of the GSEs in guaranteeing mortgages and providing funding for mortgage loans, as well as the implementation of reforms relating to borrowers, lenders, and investors in the mortgage market, including reducing the maximum size

of a loan that the GSEs can guarantee, phasing in a minimum down payment requirement for borrowers, improving underwriting standards, and increasing accountability and transparency in the securitization process.

a loan that the GSEs can guarantee, phasing in a minimum down payment requirement for borrowers, improving underwriting standards, and increasing accountability and transparency in the securitization process.

The GSEs remain in federal government conservatorship at this time and proposals for the reform of their role are not being actively pursued in Congress or by the current Administration.

However, this could change at any time and GSE reform could again become a subject under active consideration and if adopted, could well have a substantial impact on the mortgage market and could reduce our income from mortgage originations by

increasing mortgage costs or lowering originations.

this could change at any time and GSE reform could again become a subject under active consideration and if adopted, could well have a substantial impact on the mortgage market and could reduce our income from mortgage originations by increasing

mortgage costs or lowering originations.

GSE reforms could also reduce real estate prices, which could reduce the value of collateral securing outstanding mortgage loans.

This reduction of collateral value could negatively impact the

value or perceived collectability of these mortgage loans and may increase our allowance for loan losses.

Such reforms may also include changes to the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which could adversely affect a significant source of term

funding for lending activities by the banking industry, including the Bank.

These reforms may also result in higher interest rates on residential mortgage loans, thereby reducing demand, which could have an adverse impact on our residential

mortgage lending business.

This reduction of collateral value could negatively impact the value or

perceived collectability of these mortgage loans and may increase our allowance for loan losses.

Such reforms may also include changes to the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which could adversely affect a significant source of term funding for

lending activities by the banking industry, including the Bank.

These reforms may also result in higher interest rates on residential mortgage loans, thereby reducing demand, which could have an adverse impact on our residential mortgage lending

In July 2013, the FRB and the other U.S.

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regulatory capital framework for U.S.

banking organizations and to

conform this framework to the Basel III Global Regulatory Framework for Capital and Liquidity.

banking organizations and to conform

this framework to the Basel III Global Regulatory Framework for Capital and Liquidity.

For additional information, see “Business-Capital Standards” in Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

We maintain systems and procedures designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

However, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of criminal or civil penalties

(which can be substantial) for noncompliance.

However, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of criminal or civil penalties (which

can be substantial) for noncompliance.

In some cases, liability may attach even if the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even if compliance systems and procedures were in place at the time.

There may be other negative

consequences from a finding of noncompliance, including restrictions on certain activities and damage to our reputation.

There may be other negative consequences

from a finding of noncompliance, including restrictions on certain activities and damage to our reputation.

Additionally, our business is affected significantly by the fiscal and monetary policies of the U.S.

federal government and its agencies.

We are particularly affected by the policies of the

FRB, which regulates the supply of money and credit in the U.S.

We are particularly affected by the policies of the FRB, which

regulates the supply of money and credit in the U.S.

Under the Dodd-Frank Act and a long-standing policy of the FRB, a bank holding company is expected to act as a source of financial and managerial strength for its subsidiary banks.

As a result of that policy, we may be required to commit financial and other resources to our subsidiary bank in circumstances where we might not otherwise do so.

Among the instruments of monetary policy available to the FRB are (a) conducting

open market operations in U.S.

Government securities, (b) changing the discount rates on borrowings by depository institutions and the federal funds rate, and (c) imposing or changing reserve requirements against certain borrowings by banks and

their affiliates.

As a result of

that policy, we may be required to commit financial and other resources to our subsidiary bank in circumstances where we might not otherwise do so.

Among the instruments of monetary policy available to the FRB are (a) conducting open market

operations in U.S.

These methods are used in varying degrees and combinations to directly affect the availability of bank loans and deposits, as well as the interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits.

The policies of the FRB can be

expected to have a material effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Refer to “Business – Supervision and Regulation of Bank Holding Companies” and “Business – Supervision and Regulation of the Bank” in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for discussion of certain existing

and proposed laws and regulations that may affect our business.

The policies of the FRB can be expected to

have a material effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

proposed laws and regulations that may affect our business.

The Bank is Subject to Interest Rate Risk

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interest-earning assets such as loans and investment securities, and the interest rates paid on the Bank’s interest-bearing liabilities such as deposits and borrowings).

These rates are highly sensitive to many factors, which are beyond the

Bank’s control, including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the FRB.

These rates are highly sensitive to many factors, which are beyond the Bank’s

control, including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the FRB.

We cannot predict with any certainty the nature and impact of such policies.

Changes in the relationship between short-term and long-term market interest rates or between different interest rate indices can also impact our interest rate differential, possibly resulting in a decrease in our interest income relative to

interest expense.

In addition, changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, influence the origination of loans, the purchase of investments and the generation of deposits and affect the rates received on loans and investment

securities and paid on deposits, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

During 2021, the U.S.

the relationship between short-term and long-term market interest rates or between different interest rate indices can also impact our interest rate differential, possibly resulting in a decrease in our interest income relative to interest

and paid on deposits, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

During 2021 and continuing through 2022, the U.S.

Economy Began to Reflect Relatively Rapid Rates of Increase in the Consumer Price Index and Other Economic Indices;

a Prolonged Elevated Rate of

Inflation Could Present Risks for the U.S.

Elevated Rate of Inflation Could Present Risks for the U.S.

Banking Industry and Our Business.

During the latter part of 2021, the U.S.

During the latter part of 2021 and continuing through 2022, the U.S.

economy exhibited relatively rapid rates of increase in the consumer price index and other economic indices.

Pandemic-related supply chain disruptions

may be contributing to this development.

Pandemic-related

supply chain disruptions may contribute to this development.

economy encounters a significant, prolonged rate of inflation, this could pose higher relative risks to the banking industry and our business.

Such inflationary periods have historically

corresponded with relatively weaker earnings and higher loan losses for banks.

In the past, inflationary environments have caused financing conditions to tighten and have increased borrowing costs for some marginal borrowers which, in turn, has

impacted bank credit quality and loan growth.

Additionally, a sustained period of inflation well above the FRB’s long-term target could prompt broad-based selling of longer-duration, fixed-rate debt, which could have negative implications for

equity and real estate markets.

Such inflationary periods

have historically corresponded with relatively weaker earnings and higher loan losses for banks.

In the past, inflationary environments have caused financing conditions to tighten and have increased borrowing costs for some marginal borrowers

which, in turn, has impacted bank credit quality and loan growth.

Additionally, a sustained period of inflation well above the FRB’s long-term target could prompt broad-based selling of longer-duration, fixed-rate debt, which could have negative

implications for equity and real estate markets.

Lower interest rates enable less credit-worthy borrowers to more readily meet their debt obligations.

Small businesses and leveraged loan borrowers can be challenged in a materially higher-rate environment.

Small businesses and leveraged loan borrowers can be challenged in a materially higher-rate

Higher interest rates can also present challenges for commercial real estate projects, pressuring valuations and loan-to-value ratios.

The FRB has signaled that it will be exiting quantitative easing in 2022 and expects over time to raise

interest rates in response to the recent economic developments.

Whether such actions by the FRB, if taken, will result in market volatility and adverse impacts on asset prices and economic growth cannot be predicted with any certainty.

In addition, the recent outbreak of hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and global reactions thereto have increased U.S.

The FRB has initiated a series of significant interest rate increases in response to the recent

economic developments.

For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations - Net Interest Income” below in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition, the war between Russia and Ukraine and global reactions thereto have increased U.S.

domestic and global energy prices.

Oil supply disruptions related to

the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and sanctions and other measures taken by the U.S.

Oil supply disruptions related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and

sanctions and other measures taken by the U.S.

or its allies, could lead to higher costs for gas, food and goods in the U.S.

and exacerbate the inflationary pressures on the economy, with potentially adverse

impacts on our customers and on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

and exacerbate the inflationary pressures on the economy, with potentially adverse impacts on our customers and on our

business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our Ability to Pay Dividends is Subject to Legal Restrictions

As a bank holding company, our cash flow typically comes from dividends of the Bank.

Various statutory and regulatory provisions restrict the amount of dividends the Bank can pay to the

Company without regulatory approval.

Various statutory and regulatory provisions restrict the amount of dividends the Bank can pay to the Company

without regulatory approval.

The ability of the Company to pay cash dividends in the future also depends on the Company’s profitability, growth, and capital needs.

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institutions have substantially greater lending limits than those of the Bank.

Competition is likely to further intensify as a result of the recent and increasing level of consolidation of financial services companies, particularly in our

market area resulting from various economic and market conditions.

In obtaining deposits and making loans, the Bank competes with these larger commercial banks and other financial institutions, such as savings and loan associations, credit

unions and member institutions of the Farm Credit System, which offer many services that traditionally were offered only by banks.

Using the financial holding company structure, insurance companies, and securities firms may compete more

directly with banks and bank holding companies.

Competition is likely to further intensify as a result of the recent and increasing level of consolidation of financial services companies, particularly in our market

area resulting from various economic and market conditions.

In obtaining deposits and making loans, the Bank competes with these larger commercial banks and other financial institutions, such as savings and loan associations, credit unions and

member institutions of the Farm Credit System, which offer many services that traditionally were offered only by banks.

Using the financial holding company structure, insurance companies, and securities firms may compete more directly with banks

and bank holding companies.

In addition, the Bank competes with other institutions such as mutual fund companies, brokerage firms, and even retail stores seeking to penetrate the financial services market.

Current federal

law has also made it easier for out-of-state banks to enter and compete in the states in which we operate.

Competition in our principal markets may further intensify as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act which, among other things, permits

out-of-state de novo branching by national banks, state banks and foreign banks from other states.

We also experience competition, especially for deposits, from internet-based banking institutions and

other financial companies, which do not always have a physical presence in our market footprint and have grown rapidly in recent years.

Also, technology and other changes increasingly allow parties to complete financial transactions

electronically, and in many cases, without banks.

Current federal law has also made it

easier for out-of-state banks to enter and compete in the states in which we operate.

Competition in our principal markets may further intensify as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act which, among other things, permits out-of-state de novo branching

by national banks, state banks and foreign banks from other states.

We also experience competition, especially for deposits, from internet-based banking institutions and other financial companies, which do not

always have a physical presence in our market footprint and have grown rapidly in recent years.

Also, technology and other changes increasingly allow parties to complete financial transactions electronically, and in many cases, without banks.

For example, consumers can pay bills and transfer funds over the internet and by telephone without banks.

Non-bank financial service providers may have lower overhead costs and are subject to

fewer regulatory constraints.

If consumers do not use banks to complete their financial transactions, we could potentially lose fee income, deposits and income generated from those deposits.

During periods of declining interest rates,

competitors with lower costs of capital may solicit the Bank’s customers to refinance their loans.

Furthermore, during periods of economic slowdown or recession, the Bank’s borrowers may face financial difficulties and be more receptive to

offers from the Bank’s competitors to refinance their loans.

Non-bank financial service providers may have lower overhead costs and are subject to fewer regulatory constraints.

If consumers do not

use banks to complete their financial transactions, we could potentially lose fee income, deposits and income generated from those deposits.

During periods of declining interest rates, competitors with lower costs of capital may solicit the

Bank’s customers to refinance their loans.

Furthermore, during periods of economic slowdown or recession, the Bank’s borrowers may face financial difficulties and be more receptive to offers from the Bank’s competitors to refinance their loans.

No assurance can be given that the Bank will be able to compete with these lenders.

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The Company and the Bank are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision, and legislation, which govern almost all aspects of the operations of the Company and the Bank.

business of the Bank is particularly susceptible to being affected by the enactment of federal and state legislation, which may have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, modifying permissible activities, or enhancing the

competitive position of other financial institutions.

Such laws are subject to change from time to time and are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors and the Deposit Insurance Fund and not for the benefit of shareholders

of the Company.

position of other financial institutions.

Such laws are subject to change from time to time and are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors and the Deposit Insurance Fund and not for the benefit of shareholders of the

Regulatory authorities may also change their interpretation of these laws and regulations.

The Company cannot predict what effect any presently contemplated or future changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations

would have on the business and prospects of the Company, but it could be material and adverse.

See “Business – Supervision and Regulation of the Bank” and “The effects of changes or increases in, or

supervisory enforcement of, banking or other laws and regulations or governmental fiscal or monetary policies could adversely affect us” above.

The Company cannot predict what effect any presently contemplated or future changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations would have

on the business and prospects of the Company, but it could be material and adverse.

See “Business – Supervision and Regulation of the Bank” and “The effects of changes or increases in, or supervisory

enforcement of, banking or other laws and regulations or governmental fiscal or monetary policies could adversely affect us” above.

We maintain systems and procedures designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

However, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of criminal or civil penalties

(which can be substantial) for non-compliance.

However, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of criminal or civil penalties (which

can be substantial) for non-compliance.

In some cases, liability may attach even if the non-compliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even if compliance systems and procedures were in place at the time.

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Our Controls and Procedures May Fail or be Circumvented Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company’s Financial Condition or Results of Operations

The Company maintains controls and procedures to mitigate against risks such as processing system failures and errors, and customer or employee fraud, and maintains insurance coverage for

certain of these risks.

The Company maintains controls and procedures to mitigate against risks such as processing system failures and errors, and customer or employee fraud, and maintains insurance coverage for certain of

Any system of controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met.

Events could occur which are not prevented or detected by the Company’s internal controls or are not insured against or are in excess of the Company’s insurance limits.

Any failure or circumvention of the Company’s controls and procedures or

failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

occur which are not prevented or detected by the Company’s internal controls or are not insured against or are in excess of the Company’s insurance limits.

Any failure or circumvention of the Company’s controls and procedures or failure to comply

with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in Deposit Insurance Premiums Could Adversely Affect Our Business

As discussed above in Part I under the caption “Business – Premiums for Deposit Insurance,” in September, 2020, the FDIC board of directors voted to adopt a restoration plan for the Deposit

Insurance Fund to ensure that the ratio of the fund’s reserves to insured deposits reaches 1.35% within the next 8 years, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act.

The FDIC could further increase deposit premiums or impose special assessments in the

Any further increases in the deposit insurance assessments the Bank pays would further increase our costs.

As discussed above in Part I under the caption “Business – Premiums for Deposit Insurance,” in September, 2020, the FDIC board of directors voted to adopt a restoration plan for the Deposit Insurance

Fund to ensure that the ratio of the fund’s reserves to insured deposits reaches 1.35% within the next 8 years, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act.

The FDIC could further increase deposit premiums or impose special assessments in the future.

further increases in the deposit insurance assessments the Bank pays would further increase our costs.

Negative Public Opinion Could Damage Our Reputation and Adversely Affect Our Earnings

Reputational risk, or the risk to our earnings and capital from negative public opinion, is inherent in our business.

Negative public opinion can result from the actual or perceived manner in

which we conduct our business activities, management of actual or potential conflicts of interest and ethical issues, lending practices, governmental enforcement actions, corporate governance deficiencies, use of social media, cyber-security

breaches and our protection of confidential client information, the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices, or from actions taken by regulators or community organizations in response to such actions.

public opinion can adversely affect our ability to keep and attract customers and employees and can expose us to claims and litigation and regulatory action and increased liquidity risk and could have a material adverse effect on the price of our

We May Not Be Able to Hire or Retain Additional Qualified Personnel and Recruiting and Compensation Costs May Increase as a Result of Turnover, Both of Which May Increase

Costs and Reduce Profitability and May Adversely Impact Our Ability to Implement Our Business Strategy

Negative public opinion can result from the actual or perceived manner in which

we conduct our business activities, management of actual or potential conflicts of interest and ethical issues, lending practices, governmental enforcement actions, corporate governance deficiencies, use of social media, cyber-security breaches and

our protection of confidential client information, the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices, or from actions taken by regulators or community organizations in response to such actions.

Negative public opinion can

adversely affect our ability to keep and attract customers and employees and can expose us to claims and litigation and regulatory action and increased liquidity risk and could have a material adverse effect on the price of our stock.

We May Not Be Able to Hire or Retain Additional Qualified Personnel and Recruiting and Compensation Costs May Increase as a Result of Turnover, Both of Which May Increase Costs and

Reduce Profitability and May Adversely Impact Our Ability to Implement Our Business Strategy

Our success depends upon the ability to attract and retain highly motivated, well-qualified personnel.

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Executive compensation in the financial services sector has been controversial and the subject of regulation.

The FDIC has proposed rules which would increase deposit premiums for institutions with compensation practices deemed to increase risk

to the institution.

The FDIC has proposed rules which would increase deposit premiums for institutions with compensation practices deemed to increase risk to

the institution.

Over time, this guidance and the proposed rules, upon their adoption, could have the effect of making it more difficult for banks to attract and retain skilled personnel.

We May Be Adversely Affected by Unpredictable Catastrophic Events or Terrorist Attacks and Our Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plans May Not Adequately Protect Us

from Serious Disaster

The occurrence of catastrophic events such as wildfires (including programs of public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger warrant), earthquakes, flooding

or other large-scale catastrophes and terrorist attacks could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations if a catastrophe rendered both our production data center in Sacramento and our recovery data center in Las

Vegas unusable.

We May Be Adversely Affected by Unpredictable Catastrophic Events or Terrorist Attacks and Our Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plans May Not Adequately Protect Us from

Serious Disaster

The occurrence of catastrophic events such as wildfires (including programs of public utility public safety power outages when weather conditions and fire danger warrant), earthquakes, flooding or

other large-scale catastrophes and terrorist attacks could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations if a catastrophe rendered both our production data center in Sacramento and our recovery data center in Las Vegas

There can be no assurance that our current disaster recovery plans and capabilities will protect us from serious disaster.

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The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, called GAAP.

financial information contained within our consolidated financial statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on approximate measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already

A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability.

Along with other factors, we use historical loss factors to

determine the inherent loss that may be present in our loan portfolio.

The financial

information contained within our consolidated financial statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on approximate measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred.

of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability.

Along with other factors, we use historical loss factors to determine the inherent loss

that may be present in our loan portfolio.

Actual losses could differ significantly from the historical loss factors that we use.

Other estimates that we use are fair value of our securities, expected

useful lives of our depreciable assets, fair value of stock options, calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the value of our mortgage servicing rights.

We have not entered into derivative

contracts for our customers or for ourselves, which relate to interest rate, credit, equity, commodity, energy, or weather-related indices, other than forward commitments related to our loans held for sale portfolio.

From time to time, the

FASB and SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements or new interpretations of existing standards emerge as standard industry practice.

These changes can be difficult to

predict and operationally complex to implement and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.

In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retrospectively,

resulting in our restating prior period financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial

Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”).

On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted to delay the adoption of ASU 2016-13 until January 1, 2023 for small reporting companies with less than $250 million in public

float as defined in the SEC’s rules.

The Company qualifies for this delay in adoption.

ASU 2016-13 will s ubstantially change the accounting for credit losses on loans and other financial assets held by banks,

financial institutions and other organizations.

The standard replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost.

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13,

companies must recognize credit losses on these assets equal to management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life.

Companies must consider all relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including

details about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The adoption of ASU 2016-13 could result in an increase in our allowance for loan losses as a result of changing from an “incurred loss” model,

which encompasses allowances for current known and inherent losses within the portfolio, to an “expected loss” model, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio.

Furthermore, ASU 2016-13 will

necessitate that we establish an allowance for expected credit losses for certain debt securities and other financial assets.

While we are currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, we expect that the impact of

adoption will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan and securities portfolios as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date.

Other estimates that we use are fair value of our securities, expected useful lives of our depreciable

assets, fair value of stock options, calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the value of our mortgage servicing rights.

We have not entered into derivative contracts for our customers or for

ourselves, which relate to interest rate, credit, equity, commodity, energy, or weather-related indices, other than forward commitments related to our loans held for sale portfolio.

From time to time, the FASB and SEC change the financial

accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements or new interpretations of existing standards emerge as standard industry practice.

These changes can be difficult to predict and operationally complex to

implement and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.

In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retrospectively, resulting in our restating prior period

financial statements.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326):

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which replaces the

incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology.

The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured

at amortized costs, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities.

It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other

similar instruments) and net investments in certain leases.

In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities.

One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a

write-down on available-for-sale debt securities, based on management’s intent to sell the security or likelihood the Company will be required to sell the security, before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The Company will apply the

amendment’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings at the beginning of the first period the amendment is effective.

ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2023.

Management has taken steps to prepare

for the implementation requirements of this standard, such as developing policies, procedures and internal controls over the model and working with a software vendor to measure expected losses required by the amendment.

Based on the loan portfolio

composition, characteristics and quality of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022, and the current economic environment, management estimates that the total allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments will increase from

approximately $15.5 million to approximately $16.7 million to $18.3 million or an increase of $1.2 million to $2.8 million.

The estimated decline in equity, net of tax, will range from $0.9 million to $2.1 million.

The economic conditions,

forecasts and assumptions used in the model could be significantly different in future periods.

The impact of the change in the allowance on our results of operations in a provision for credit losses will depend on the current period net

charge-offs, level of loan originations, and change in mix of the loan portfolio.

As time progresses and the results of economic conditions require model assumption inputs to change, further refinements to the estimation process may also be

There is a Limited Public Market for the Company’s Common Stock Which May Make It Difficult for Shareholders to Dispose of Their Shares

The Company’s common stock is not listed on any exchange.

However, trades may be reported on the OTC Markets under the symbol “FNRN.” The Company is aware that JWTT, Inc., Monroe Securities

and Raymond James all currently make a market in the Company’s common stock.

However, trades may be reported on the OTC Markets under the symbol “FNRN.” The Company is aware that JWTT, Inc., Monroe Securities and

Raymond James all currently make a market in the Company’s common stock.

Management is aware that there are also private transactions in the Company’s common stock.

However, the limited trading market for the Company’s common stock may make

it difficult for shareholders to dispose of their shares.

However, the limited trading market for the Company’s common stock may make it

difficult for shareholders to dispose of their shares.

Also, the price of the Company’s common stock may be affected by general market price movements as well as developments specifically related to the financial services sector, including

interest rate movements, quarterly variations, or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts and a significant reduction in the price of the stock of another participant in the financial services industry.

Advances and Changes in Technology, and the Company’s Ability to Adapt Its Technology, May Strain Our Available Resources and Could Adversely Impact Our Ability to Compete

and the Company’s Business and Operations

Advances and Changes in Technology, and the Company’s Ability to Adapt Its Technology, May Strain Our Available Resources and Could Adversely Impact Our Ability to Compete and the

Company’s Business and Operations

Advances and changes in technology can significantly impact the business and operations of the Company.

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Our continued success and the maintenance of our competitive position depends, in part, upon our ability to meet the needs of our customers through the application of new technologies.

to maintain or enhance our competitive position with regard to technology, whether because we fail to anticipate customer needs and expectations or because our technological initiatives fail to perform as desired or are not timely implemented, we

may lose market share or incur additional expense.

If we fail to

maintain or enhance our competitive position with regard to technology, whether because we fail to anticipate customer needs and expectations or because our technological initiatives fail to perform as desired or are not timely implemented, we may

lose market share or incur additional expense.

Our ability to execute our core operations and to implement technology and other important initiatives may be adversely affected if our resources are insufficient or if we are unable to allocate

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Information Security Breaches or Other Technological Difficulties Could Adversely Affect the Company

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, transmission and reporting of personal, confidential and other sensitive information in our computer systems, networks and business

applications.

Although we take protective measures, our computer systems, as well as the systems of our third-party providers, may be vulnerable to breaches or attacks, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code,

operational errors, including clerical or record-keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems, and other events that could have significant negative consequences to us.

Such events could result

in interruptions or malfunctions in our or our customers’ operations, interception, misuse or mishandling of personal or confidential information, or processing of unauthorized transactions or loss of funds.

These events could result in

litigation, regulatory enforcement actions, and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered by our insurance, or result in regulatory consequences or reputational harm, any of which could harm our competitive

position, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, transmission and reporting of personal, confidential and other sensitive information in our computer systems, networks and business applications.

including clerical or record-keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems, and other events that could have significant negative consequences to us.

Such events could result in interruptions or

malfunctions in our or our customers’ operations, interception, misuse or mishandling of personal or confidential information, or processing of unauthorized transactions or loss of funds.

These events could result in litigation, regulatory

enforcement actions, and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered by our insurance, or result in regulatory consequences or reputational harm, any of which could harm our competitive position, operating results and

financial condition.

We maintain cyber insurance, but this insurance may not cover all costs associated with cyber incidents or the consequences of personal or confidential information being compromised.

types of incidents can remain undetected for extended periods of time, thereby increasing the associated risks.

We may also be required to expend significant resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate

vulnerabilities or exposures arising from cybersecurity risks.

These types of incidents can remain

undetected for extended periods of time, thereby increasing the associated risks.

We may also be required to expend significant resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or exposures arising from

cybersecurity risks.

We depend on the continued efficacy of our technical systems, operational infrastructure, relationships with third parties and our employees in our day-to-day and ongoing operations.

increasing dependence upon automated systems to record and process transactions may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or employee tampering or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that are difficult to detect.

With regard to the physical infrastructure that supports our operations, we have taken measures to implement backup systems and other safeguards, but our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any disruption to that

infrastructure.

Failures in our internal control or operational systems, security breaches or service interruptions could impair our ability to operate our business and result in potential liability to customers, reputational damage and

regulatory intervention, any of which could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Our increasing

dependence upon automated systems to record and process transactions may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or employee tampering or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that are difficult to detect.

With regard to

the physical infrastructure that supports our operations, we have taken measures to implement backup systems and other safeguards, but our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any disruption to that infrastructure.

our internal control or operational systems, security breaches or service interruptions could impair our ability to operate our business and result in potential liability to customers, reputational damage and regulatory intervention, any of which

could harm our operating results and financial condition.

We may also be subject to disruptions of our operating systems arising from other events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, such as outages related to electrical, internet or

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malicious code and viruses into computer systems) that have, for limited periods, resulted in the disruption of various operations of the targeted banks.

These cyber-attacks originate from a variety of sophisticated sources who may be involved

with organized crime, linked to terrorist organizations or hostile countries and have extensive resources to disrupt the operations of the Bank or the financial system more generally.

These cyber-attacks originate from a variety of sophisticated sources who may be involved with

organized crime, linked to terrorist organizations or hostile countries and have extensive resources to disrupt the operations of the Bank or the financial system more generally.

The potential for denial-of-service and other attacks requires

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suffer such losses or information security breaches in the future.

A successful cyber-attack could result in a material disruption of the Bank’s operations, exposure of confidential information and financial loss to the Bank, its clients,

customers and counterparties and could lead to significant exposure to litigation and regulatory fines, penalties and other sanctions as well as reputational damage.

While we have a variety of cyber-security measures in place, the consequences to

our business, if we were to become a target of such attacks, cannot be predicted with any certainty.

In addition, there have been increasing efforts on the part of third parties to breach data security at financial institutions or with respect to financial transactions, including through the

use of social engineering schemes such as “phishing.” The ability of our customers to bank remotely, including online and though mobile devices, requires secure transmission of confidential information and increases the risk of data security

breaches which would expose us to claims by customers or others and which could adversely affect our reputation and could lead to a material loss.

We, and other banking institutions, are also at risk of increased losses from fraudulent conduct of criminals using increasingly sophisticated techniques which, in some cases, are part of

larger criminal organizations which allow them to be more effective.

This criminal activity is taking many forms, including information theft, debit/credit card fraud, check fraud, mechanical devices affixed to ATM’s, social engineering, phishing

attacks to obtain personal information, or impersonation of customers through falsified or stolen credentials, business email compromise, and other criminal endeavors.

We, and other banking institutions are also at risk of fraudulent or criminal

activities by employees, contractors, vendors and others with whom we do business.

There is also the risk of errors by our employees and others responsible for the systems and controls on which we depend and any resulting failures of these

systems and controls could significantly harm the Company, including customer remediation costs, regulatory fines and penalties, litigation or enforcement actions, or limitations on our business activities.

Under the applicable Federal regulatory guidance, financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk

management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution.

In addition, a financial

institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware.

financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes that enable recovery of data and business operations and that address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service

providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack.

A successful cyber-attack could result in a material disruption of the Bank’s operations, exposure of confidential information and financial loss to the Bank, its clients, customers

and counterparties and could lead to significant exposure to litigation and regulatory fines, penalties and other sanctions as well as reputational damage.

While we have a variety of cyber-security measures in place, the consequences to our

business, if we were to become a target of such attacks, cannot be predicted with any certainty.

In addition, there have been increasing efforts on the part of third parties to breach data security at financial institutions or with respect to financial transactions, including through the use of

social engineering schemes such as “phishing.” The ability of our customers to bank remotely, including online and though mobile devices, requires secure transmission of confidential information and increases the risk of data security breaches

which would expose us to claims by customers or others and which could adversely affect our reputation and could lead to a material loss.

We, and other banking institutions, are also at risk of increased losses from fraudulent conduct of criminals using increasingly sophisticated techniques which, in some cases, are part of larger

criminal organizations which allow them to be more effective.

This criminal activity is taking many forms, including information theft, debit/credit card fraud, check fraud, mechanical devices affixed to ATM’s, social engineering, phishing attacks

to obtain personal information, or impersonation of customers through falsified or stolen credentials, business email compromise, and other criminal endeavors.

We, and other banking institutions are also at risk of fraudulent or criminal activities

by employees, contractors, vendors and others with whom we do business.

There is also the risk of errors by our employees and others responsible for the systems and controls on which we depend and any resulting failures of these systems and

controls could significantly harm the Company, including customer remediation costs, regulatory fines and penalties, litigation or enforcement actions, or limitations on our business activities.

Under the applicable Federal regulatory guidance, financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management

processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution.

In addition, a financial institution’s

management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware.

institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes that enable recovery of data and business operations and that address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall

victim to this type of cyber-attack.

A financial institution which fails to observe the regulatory guidance could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial sanctions.

The Federal bank regulators have also issued a cybersecurity assessment tool, the output of which can assist a financial institution’s senior management and board of directors in assessing

the institution’s cybersecurity risk and preparedness.

The Federal bank regulators have also issued a cybersecurity assessment tool, the output of which can assist a financial institution’s senior management and board of directors in assessing the

institution’s cybersecurity risk and preparedness.

The first part of the assessment tool is the inherent risk profile, which aims to assist management in determining an institution’s level of cybersecurity risk.

The second part of the

assessment tool is cybersecurity maturity, which is designed to help management assess whether their controls provide the desired level of preparedness.

The Federal bank regulators plan to utilize the assessment tool as part of their

examination process when evaluating financial institutions’ cybersecurity preparedness in information technology and safety and soundness examinations and inspections.

Failure to effectively utilize this tool would result in regulatory

Significant resources are required to adequately implement the tool and address any assessment concerns regarding preparedness.

Management has conducted cyber-security assessments using this tool and expects to perform additional

periodic assessments to facilitate the identification and remediation of any concerns regarding our cyber-security preparedness.

Even if cyber-attacks and similar tactics are not directed specifically at the Bank, such attacks on other large financial institutions could disrupt the overall functioning of the financial

system and undermine consumer confidence in banks generally, to the detriment of other financial institutions, including the Bank.

The second part of the assessment

tool is cybersecurity maturity, which is designed to help management assess whether their controls provide the desired level of preparedness.

The Federal bank regulators plan to utilize the assessment tool as part of their examination process

when evaluating financial institutions’ cybersecurity preparedness in information technology and safety and soundness examinations and inspections.

Failure to effectively utilize this tool would result in regulatory criticism.

resources are required to adequately implement the tool and address any assessment concerns regarding preparedness.

Management has conducted cyber-security assessments using this tool and expects to perform additional periodic assessments to

facilitate the identification and remediation of any concerns regarding our cyber-security preparedness.

Even if cyber-attacks and similar tactics are not directed specifically at the Bank, such attacks on other large financial institutions could disrupt the overall functioning of the financial system

and undermine consumer confidence in banks generally, to the detriment of other financial institutions, including the Bank.

A data security breach at a large U.S.

retailer resulted in the compromise of data related to credit and debit

cards of large numbers of customers requiring many banks, including the Bank, to reissue credit and debit cards for affected customers and reimburse these customers for losses sustained.

We maintain an insurance policy which we believe provides sufficient coverage at a manageable expense for an institution of our size and scope with similar technological systems.

cannot assure that this policy would be sufficient to cover all financial losses, damages, penalties, including lost revenues, should we experience any one or more of our or a third-party’s systems failing or experiencing attack.

retailer resulted in the compromise of data related to credit and debit cards of

large numbers of customers requiring many banks, including the Bank, to reissue credit and debit cards for affected customers and reimburse these customers for losses sustained.

We maintain insurance which we believe provides sufficient coverage against these risks at a manageable expense for an institution of our size and scope with similar technological systems.

we cannot assure that this policy would be sufficient to cover all financial losses, damages, penalties, including lost revenues, should we experience any one or more of our or a third-party’s systems failing or experiencing attack.

Environmental Hazards Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company’s Business, Financial Condition, and Results of Operations

The Company, in its ordinary course of business, acquires real property securing loans that are in default, and there is a risk that hazardous substances or waste, contaminants or pollutants

could exist on such properties.

The Company may be required to remove or remediate such substances from the affected properties at its expense, and the cost of such removal or remediation may substantially exceed the value of the affected

properties or the loans secured by such properties.

The Company, in its ordinary course of business, acquires real property securing loans that are in default, and there is a risk that hazardous substances or waste, contaminants or pollutants could

exist on such properties.

the loans secured by such properties.

Furthermore, the Company may not have adequate remedies against the prior owners or other responsible parties to recover its costs.

Finally, the Company may find it difficult or impossible to

sell the affected properties either prior to or following any such removal.

In addition, the Company may be considered liable for environmental liabilities in connection with its borrowers’ properties, if, among other things, it participates in

the management of its borrowers’ operations.

Finally, the Company may find it difficult or impossible to sell the

affected properties either prior to or following any such removal.

In addition, the Company may be considered liable for environmental liabilities in connection with its borrowers’ properties, if, among other things, it participates in the

management of its borrowers’ operations.

The occurrence of such an event could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The Company May Not Be Successful in Raising Additional Capital Needed in the Future

If additional capital is needed in the future as a result of losses, our business strategy or regulatory requirements, there is no assurance that our efforts to raise such additional capital

will be successful or that shares sold in the future will be sold at prices or on terms equal to or better than the current market price.

If additional capital is needed in the future as a result of losses or growth or our business strategy or regulatory requirements, there is no assurance that our efforts to raise such additional

capital will be successful or that shares sold in the future will be sold at prices or on terms equal to or better than the current market price.

The inability to raise additional capital when needed or at prices and terms acceptable to us could

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The Company may continue to observe declines in the fair market value of these securities.

Management evaluates the securities portfolio for any other-than-temporary impairment each reporting period, as required by generally accepted accounting principles.

There can be no assurance, however, that future evaluations of the securities

portfolio will not require us to recognize impairment charges with respect to these and other holdings, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

evaluates the securities portfolio for any other-than-temporary impairment each reporting period, as required by generally accepted accounting principles.

There can be no assurance, however, that future evaluations of the securities portfolio will

not require us to recognize impairment charges with respect to these and other holdings, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Changes in the U.S.

Tax Laws Will Impact Our Business and Results of Operations in a Variety of Ways, Some of Which Are Positive, and Others Which May Be Negative

Tax Laws Have Impacted Our Business and Results of Operations in a Variety of Ways, Some of Which Are Positive, and Others Which May Be Negative

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), signed into law on December 22, 2017, enacted sweeping changes to the U.S.

federal tax laws generally effective January 1, 2018.

These changes can be expected to impact our

business and results of operations in a variety of ways, some of which are expected to be positive and others which may be negative.

The TCJA reduced the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35%, which resulted in a net reduction in our annual income

tax expense and which should also benefit many of our corporate and other small business borrowers.

However, our ability to utilize tax credits, such as those arising from low-income housing and alternative energy investments, may be constrained

by the lower tax rate.

We are continuing to monitor the full impact of these changes in the tax law on our tax positions.

There are presently pending in the U.S.

These changes have impacted our business and

results of operations in a variety of ways, some of which are positive and others which are negative.

The TCJA reduced the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35%, which resulted in a net reduction in our annual income tax expense and which has also

benefited many of our corporate and other small business borrowers.

However, our ability to utilize tax credits, such as those arising from low-income housing and alternative energy investments, is constrained by the lower tax rate.

presently pending in the U.S.

Congress measures which would substantially increase the U.S.

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There is increasing concern over the risks of climate change and related environmental sustainability matters.

The physical effects of climate change include rising average global temperatures, rising sea levels

and an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and natural disasters, including droughts, wildfires, floods, hurricanes and tornados.

Most of the Company’s operations and customers are located in California, which could

be adversely impacted by severe weather events.

Agriculture is especially dependent on climate, and climate impacts could include shifting average growing conditions, increased climate and weather variability, decreases in available water

sources, and more uncertainty in predicting climate and weather conditions, any or all of which could have a particularly adverse impact on our agricultural customers.

Elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide levels can have large impacts on

appropriate nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, working condition, and various other critical performance conditions.

Such climate-related impacts could disrupt our operations or the operations of customers or third parties on

which we rely, result in market volatility, negatively impact our customers’ ability to pay outstanding loans, damage collateral or result in the deterioration of the value of collateral or insurance shortfalls.

These events could reduce the

Company’s earnings and cause volatility in the Company’s financial results for any fiscal quarter or year and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The physical effects of climate change include rising average global temperatures, rising sea levels and

an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and natural disasters, including droughts, wildfires, floods, hurricanes and tornados.

Most of the Company’s operations and customers are located in California, which could be

adversely impacted by severe weather events.

Agriculture is especially dependent on climate, and climate impacts could include shifting average growing conditions, increased climate and weather variability, decreases in available water sources, and

more uncertainty in predicting climate and weather conditions, any or all of which could have a particularly adverse impact on our agricultural customers.

Elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide levels can have large impacts on appropriate

nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, working condition, and various other critical performance conditions.

Such climate-related impacts could disrupt our operations or the operations of customers or third parties on which we rely,

result in market volatility, negatively impact our customers’ ability to pay outstanding loans, damage collateral or result in the deterioration of the value of collateral or insurance shortfalls.

These events could reduce the Company’s earnings

and cause volatility in the Company’s financial results for any fiscal quarter or year and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Additional legislation and regulatory requirements and changes in consumer preferences, including those associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy, could increase expenses of, or otherwise adversely

impact, the Company, its businesses or its customers.

We and our customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions, operating process changes, reduced availability of insurance, and the like, as a result of governmental actions or

societal responses to climate change.

We and our customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions, operating process changes, reduced availability of insurance, and the like, as a result of governmental actions or societal

responses to climate change.

New and/or more stringent regulatory requirements relating to climate change or environmental sustainability could materially affect the Company’s results of operations by increasing our compliance costs.

Regulatory changes or market shifts to low-carbon products could also impact the creditworthiness of some of our customers or reduce the value of assets securing loans, which may require the Company to adjust our lending portfolios and business

changes or market shifts to low-carbon products could also impact the creditworthiness of some of our customers or reduce the value of assets securing loans, which may require the Company to adjust our lending portfolios and business strategies.

ITEM 1B – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors