3 unchanged sentences
Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated)
−Removed: OF FEBRUARY 28, 2025 AND AUGUST 31, 2024
−Removed: February 28, 2025
+Added: OF MAY 31, 2025 AND AUGUST 31, 2024
August 31, 2024
29 unchanged sentences
and 25,685,591 shares issued and outstanding
−Removed: as at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024 *
+Added: as at May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024 *
Additional paid in capital
6 unchanged sentences
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
−Removed: Retroactively
−Removed: restated to reflect 1-for-4 share consolidation effective on September 11, 2024.
+Added: Retroactively restated to reflect 1-for-4 share consolidation effective on September 11, 2024.
accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2 unchanged sentences
Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated)
−Removed: THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2025 AND FEBRUARY 29, 2024
+Added: THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED MAY 31, 2025 AND 2024
Three months ended
−Removed: Six months ended
−Removed: February 28, 2025
−Removed: February 29, 2024
−Removed: February 28, 2025
−Removed: February 29, 2024
+Added: Nine months ended
+Added: May 31, 2025
+Added: May 31, 2024
+Added: May 31, 2025
+Added: May 31, 2024
Cost of revenue
8 unchanged sentences
( 4,020,479 )
−Removed: ( 3,045,660 )
−Removed: Interest income
+Added: Interest (expense)/income
Total other income
3 unchanged sentences
( 3,929,520 )
−Removed: ( 2,955,079 )
Income tax expenses
8 unchanged sentences
( 3,703,921 )
−Removed: ( 2,811,227 )
−Removed: Other comprehensive (loss)/income:
+Added: Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment
3 unchanged sentences
( 3,874,719 )
−Removed: ( 2,895,308 )
−Removed: net comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
+Added: net comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net comprehensive loss attributable to equity holders of the Company
2 unchanged sentences
( 3,876,921 )
−Removed: ( 2,890,142 )
Net loss attributable to equity holders of the Company per common share:
8 unchanged sentences
Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated)
−Removed: THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2025 AND FEBRUARY 29, 2024
+Added: THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED MAY 31, 2025 AND 2024
Accumulated other
−Removed: comprehensive
+Added: Paid in capital
+Added: Accumulated deficit
+Added: comprehensive loss
+Added: Shares to be issued
+Added: Non-controlling
Balance as of August 31, 2023
8 unchanged sentences
$ ( 14,967,589 )
+Added: $ ( 102,244 )
+Added: $ ( 230,971 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
4 unchanged sentences
$ ( 297,198 )
+Added: Capital contribution
+Added: Foreign currency translation adjustment
+Added: Balance as of May 31, 2024
+Added: $ ( 17,227,187 )
+Added: $ ( 190,036 )
+Added: $ ( 371,577 )
+Added: Accumulated other
Paid in capital
Accumulated deficit
−Removed: comprehensive income
−Removed: Shares to be issued
+Added: comprehensive loss
+Added: Non-controlling
Balance as of August 31, 2024
17 unchanged sentences
$ ( 747,992 )
+Added: Foreign currency translation adjustment
+Added: ( 1,117,824 )
+Added: ( 1,186,838 )
+Added: Balance as of May 31, 2025
+Added: $ ( 46,280,904 )
+Added: $ ( 129,114 )
+Added: $ ( 838,514 )
+Added: $ ( 46,280,904 )
+Added: $ ( 129,114 )
+Added: $ ( 838,514 )
Retroactively
restated to reflect 1-for-4 share consolidation effective on September 11, 2024
−Removed: accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
+Added: The accompanying footnotes are an integral
+Added: part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
HOLDINGS INC.
1 unchanged sentence
Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated)
−Removed: THE SIX MONTHS ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2025 AND FEBRUARY 29, 2024
−Removed: February 28, 2025
−Removed: February 29, 2024
+Added: THE NINE MONTHS ENDED MAY 31, 2025 AND 2024
Cash flows from operating activities
11 unchanged sentences
Other payables
−Removed: Amounts due to shareholders
−Removed: Net cash generated from/(used in) operations
+Added: Net cash used in operations
$ ( 900,095 )
+Added: $ ( 595,059 )
Cash flows from investing activity
1 unchanged sentence
Cash used in investing activity
+Added: $ ( 102,414 )
Cash flows from financing activities
+Added: Loan from shareholders
Payments of hire purchase
−Removed: Net cash used in financing activities
+Added: Payment of deferred offering costs
+Added: Proceeds from capital contribution
+Added: Net cash generated from financing activities
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
2 unchanged sentences
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
−Removed: Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing information :
−Removed: Common stock issued for consulting service in relation to initial public offering
+Added: Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing
+Added: information :
+Added: Common stock issued for consulting service in related to Initial public offering
accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1 unchanged sentence
TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
−Removed: THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2025, AND FEBRUARY 29, 2024
+Added: THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED MAY 31, 2025, AND 2024
1 – ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
13 unchanged sentences
Low, the then sole executive officer and director of the Company
−Removed: and the owner of 2,000,000 restricted shares of common stock, with par value of $ 0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of the Company
−Removed: (“EvoAir Shares”) representing approximately 67.34 % of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, sold his entire
−Removed: shareholding of the Company to WKL Global Limited (“WKL Global”) for an aggregate consideration of $ 100 (“Change of
−Removed: Control Transaction”).
+Added: and the owner of 2,000,000 restricted shares of common stock, with par value of $ 0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of the
+Added: Company (“EvoAir Shares”) representing approximately 67.34 % of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, sold
+Added: his entire shareholding of the Company to WKL Global Limited (“WKL Global”) for an aggregate consideration of $ 100 (“Change
+Added: of Control Transaction”).
Upon completion of the Change of Control Transaction, WKL Global owned 2,000,000 shares, or approximately
59 unchanged sentences
under the new ticker symbol “EVOH”.
−Removed: On November 21, 2023, the Company issued in aggregate,
−Removed: 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents (“Referral Agents”) in consideration for their referral to the Company
−Removed: of certain investors.
+Added: November 21, 2023, the Company issued in aggregate, 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents (“Referral Agents”)
+Added: in consideration for their referral to the Company of certain investors.
Each Referral Agent is a “non-U.S.
−Removed: Persons” as defined in Regulation S.
−Removed: On November 21, 2023, the Company issued,
−Removed: in aggregate, 5,500 shares of Common Stock to two individuals in consideration for marketing services provided to the Company by Artisan
−Removed: Creative Studio, a marketing entity based in Malaysia.
+Added: Persons” as defined
+Added: in Regulation S.
+Added: November 21, 2023, the Company issued, in aggregate, 5,500 shares of Common Stock to two individuals in consideration for marketing services
+Added: provided to the Company by Artisan Creative Studio, a marketing entity based in Malaysia.
Each of the individuals is a “non-U.S.
−Removed: Persons” as defined in Regulation
+Added: Persons” as defined in Regulation S.
2 Stockholders
75 unchanged sentences
OF CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
−Removed: Subsidiaries of EVOH
−Removed: Attributable interest
−Removed: EvoAir International Limited (British Virgin Islands)
−Removed: Subsidiary of EvoAir International Limited
−Removed: WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd (Singapore)
−Removed: Subsidiaries of WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd
−Removed: WKL Eco Earth Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
−Removed: WKL Green Energy Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
−Removed: EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
−Removed: WKL EcoEarth Indochina Co Ltd (Cambodia)
−Removed: WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (China)*
−Removed: Subsidiary of EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd
−Removed: Evo Air Marketing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
−Removed: * Shareholding of WKL
−Removed: Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (China) has increased from 55 % to 62.5 % on August 14, 2024.
+Added: International Limited (British Virgin Islands)
+Added: of EvoAir International Limited
+Added: Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd (Singapore)
+Added: of WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd
+Added: Eco Earth Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
+Added: Green Energy Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
+Added: Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
+Added: EcoEarth Indochina Co Ltd (Cambodia)
+Added: Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (China)*
+Added: of EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd
+Added: Air Marketing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)
+Added: of WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (China) has increased from 55 % to 62.5 % on August 14, 2024.
2 – CHANGE OF CONTROL
6 unchanged sentences
3 – GOING CONCERN
−Removed: Company’s financial statements as of February 28, 2025, is prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United
−Removed: States of America (“U.S.
−Removed: GAAP”) applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation
−Removed: of liabilities in the normal course of business.
−Removed: The Company has not yet established a sustainable ongoing source of revenue sufficient
−Removed: to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern.
−Removed: of February 28, 2025, and August 31, 2024, the
−Removed: Company had an accumulated deficit of $ 45,163,080
−Removed: and $ 39,401,857
−Removed: respectively .
−Removed: The Company incurred net loss of $ 5,913,892
−Removed: and $ 2,955,079 for the six months ended
−Removed: February 28, 2025, and February 29, 2024, respectively.
−Removed: The cash generated from operating activities was $ 10,691
−Removed: for the six months ended February 28, 2025, and the cash used in operating activities was $ 457,609
−Removed: for the six months ended February 29, 2024, respectively.
+Added: Company’s financial statements as of May 31, 2025, is prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
+Added: of America (“U.S.
+Added: GAAP”) applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities
+Added: in the normal course of business.
+Added: The Company has not yet established a sustainable ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover its
+Added: operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern.
+Added: of May 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated
+Added: deficit of $ 46,280,904 and
+Added: a working capital deficiency of $ 2,084,204 .
+Added: 31, 2024, the accumulated deficit was $ 39,401,857 and the working capital deficiency was $ 893,886 .
+Added: The Company incurred net loss of $ 7,100,730 and
+Added: $ 3,929,520 for
+Added: the nine months ended May 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
+Added: The cash used in operating activities was $ 900,095 for
+Added: the nine months ended May 31, 2025, and the cash used in operating activities was $ 595,059 for
+Added: the nine months ended May 31, 2024, respectively.
It was brought to the attention of the Management to assess going concern
40 unchanged sentences
Key estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial
−Removed: statements include, among others, revenue recognition, allowances for credit losses and product returns, allowance for obsolete
−Removed: inventory, valuation of long-lived assets and Rights of Use (“ROU”) assets (including lease liabilities), and deferred income
−Removed: tax asset valuation allowances.
+Added: statements include, among others, revenue recognition, allowances for credit losses and product returns, allowance for obsolete inventory,
+Added: valuation of long-lived assets and Rights of Use (“ROU”) assets (including lease liabilities), and deferred income tax asset
+Added: valuation allowances.
Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
11 unchanged sentences
in the financial statements.
−Removed: As of February 28, 2025, and August 31, 2024, the Company established that there are items that represented
−Removed: components of comprehensive income and, therefore, has included a statement of comprehensive income in the financial statements.
+Added: As of May 31, 2025, and August 31, 2024, the Company established that there are items that represented components
+Added: of comprehensive income and, therefore, has included a statement of comprehensive income in the financial statements.
Currency Translation
37 unchanged sentences
historical experience, accounts aging and other factors.
−Removed: The Company reviews the allowance for credit losses on a regular basis,
−Removed: and all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability.
+Added: The Company reviews the allowance for credit losses on a regular basis, and
+Added: all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability.
An account receivable is written off after all collection effort
1 unchanged sentence
Interest is not charged on past due accounts.
−Removed: of February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, our accounts receivable amounted to $ 57,970 and
+Added: of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, our accounts receivable amounted to $ 59,495 and $ 62,914 ,
respectively, with no allowance for credit losses.
14 unchanged sentences
OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF ASSETS
−Removed: Plant and machineries
−Removed: Office equipment
−Removed: Furniture and equipment
+Added: and machineries
+Added: and equipment
and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.
33 unchanged sentences
to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.
−Removed: Company collects deposits from customers in advance for some business contracts.
−Removed: The customer payments received in advance are recorded
−Removed: as deferred revenue on the balance sheet.
−Removed: The deferred revenue of $ 10,012 was recorded as of August 31, 2024, with $ 9,445 recognized as revenue
−Removed: for six months ended February 28, 2025.
−Removed: The Company recorded $ 8,687 deferred revenue as of February 28, 2025 .
+Added: Company collects customer deposits in advance for certain business contracts.
+Added: These advance payments are initially recorded as deferred
+Added: revenue on the balance sheet.
+Added: As of August 31, 2024, deferred revenue totaled $ 10,012 , with $ 5,979 was recognized as revenue during
+Added: the nine months ended May 31, 2025.
+Added: As of May 31, 2025, the Company recorded a deferred revenue balance of $ 16,014 .
Offering Costs
7 unchanged sentences
deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to operations.
−Removed: As of February 28, 2025, and August 31,
+Added: As of May 31, 2025, and August 31, 2024,
the Company deferred $ 3,210,094 and $ 449,576 of offering costs, respectively.
5 unchanged sentences
12 months or less at the commencement date and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain
−Removed: Operating lease assets and liabilities are included on our consolidated balance sheet as of February
+Added: Operating lease assets and liabilities are included on our consolidated balance sheet as of May
lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date.
43 unchanged sentences
stock that could share in the earnings of the Company.
−Removed: As of February 28,
+Added: As of May 31,
2025 , the Company has no potentially dilutive securities, such as options or warrants, currently
issued and outstanding.
+Added: Reclassification
+Added: Certain prior year amounts have been
+Added: reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
+Added: These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
Issued Accounting Pronouncements
−Removed: November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
−Removed: 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280):
−Removed: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, by introducing key amendments to enhance disclosures
−Removed: in public entities’ reportable segments.
−Removed: Notable changes include the mandatory disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly
−Removed: provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), disclosure of other segment items, and requirements for consistency
−Removed: in reporting measures used by the CODM.
−Removed: The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023,
−Removed: and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.
−Removed: Accordingly, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2023-07
−Removed: as of January 31, 2025.
−Removed: The adoption of the new standard had no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations
−Removed: or cash flows on the date of transition.
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740):
22 unchanged sentences
OF INVENTORIES
−Removed: February 28, 2025
−Removed: August 31, 2024
−Removed: Finished goods
−Removed: Raw materials and supplies
+Added: materials and supplies
6 DEPOSIT, PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
1 unchanged sentence
OF DEPOSIT PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
−Removed: February 28, 2025
−Removed: August 31, 2024
−Removed: Deposits and Prepayments
−Removed: Other receivables (Advances to suppliers)
+Added: and Prepayments
+Added: receivables (Advances to suppliers)
7 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
1 unchanged sentence
OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
−Removed: Plant and machineries
−Removed: Office equipment
−Removed: Furniture and equipment
+Added: and machineries
+Added: and equipment
Property, plant and equipment gross
1 unchanged sentence
plant and equipment, net
−Removed: expense for the six months ended February 28, 2025 ,
+Added: expense for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 ,
was $ 84,729 .
−Removed: Depreciation expense for the period ended February 29, 2024 , was $ 137,106 .
+Added: Depreciation expense for the period ended May 31, 2024 , was $ 187,729 .
8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS
−Removed: below table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets as of February
+Added: below table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets as of May
31, 2025 , and August 31, 2024:
SUMMARY OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
−Removed: Technology 1-Portable Air Cooler
−Removed: Technology 2-Condensing Unit
+Added: 1-Portable Air Cooler
+Added: 2-Condensing Unit
Finite- lived intangible assets, gross
2 unchanged sentences
( 20,580,040 )
−Removed: Adjusted carrying amount
+Added: carrying amount
Accumulated amortization
1 unchanged sentence
( 11,086,369 )
−Removed: Intangible assets, net
−Removed: expenses for intangible assets for the three months ended February
−Removed: 28, 2025 , and February 29, 2024 were $ 1,804,838 and
−Removed: $ 2,078,694 respectively.
+Added: expenses for intangible assets for the nine months ended May
+Added: 31, 2025 , and 2024 were $ 2,707,257 and $ 3,118,041 respectively.
9 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUALS, AND OTHER PAYABLES
1 unchanged sentence
SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLES ACCRUALS AND OTHER PAYABLE
−Removed: Accounts payable
−Removed: Other payables
10 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
due to shareholders
−Removed: due to shareholders are unsecured, with interest of 3% per annum and tenure of 6 months, or mutually between the parties.
−Removed: reported amount due to shareholders of $ 1,951,778 and $ 1,202,692 as of February
+Added: due to shareholders are unsecured loans bearing 3% annual interest, with a six-month term or as mutually agreed by the parties.
+Added: The Company reported amount due to
+Added: shareholders of $ 2,174,737 and
+Added: $ 1,202,692 as
+Added: of May 31, 2025 ,
and August 31, 2024, respectively.
2 unchanged sentences
shares with a par value of $ 0.001 per share.
−Removed: the six months period ended February 29, 2024, the Company issued 373,822 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50
−Removed: as the Offering for gross proceeds of $ 934,534 received in the fiscal year ended August 31,2023.
−Removed: the six months period ended February 29, 2024, the Company issued in aggregate 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents in
−Removed: consideration for their referral to the Company of certain investors.
+Added: the nine months period ended May 31, 2024, the Company issued 373,822 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as
+Added: the Offering for gross proceeds of $ 934,534 received in the fiscal year ended August 31,2023.
+Added: the nine months period ended May 31, 2024, the Company issued in aggregate 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents in consideration
+Added: for their referral to the Company of certain investors.
November 21, 2023, the Company issued, in aggregate, 5,500 shares of Common Stock to two individuals in consideration for marketing services
11 unchanged sentences
share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders.
−Removed: Therefore, as of February 28, 2025, and August 31, 2024, the Company
+Added: Therefore, as of May 31, 2025, and August 31, 2024, the Company
had 27,180,631 and 25,685,591 shares of its common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
21 unchanged sentences
SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THE STATUTORY TAX RATE AND THE ACTUAL PROVISION
−Removed: US Statutory rate
−Removed: Effect of reconciling items for tax purposes
−Removed: Effective income tax rate
+Added: Statutory rate
+Added: of reconciling items for tax purposes
+Added: income tax rate
components of net deferred tax assets are as follows:
SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF NET DEFERRED TAX ASSETS
−Removed: Net operating loss carry-forward
+Added: operating loss carry-forward
valuation allowance
1 unchanged sentence
( 39,400,000 )
−Removed: Net deferred tax asset
−Removed: Company had net operating loss carry forwards for tax purposes of approximately $ 45,200,000 at February 28, 2025, and approximately $ 39,400,000
−Removed: at August 31, 2024, which may be available to offset future taxable income.
+Added: deferred tax asset
+Added: Company had net operating loss carry forwards for tax purposes of approximately $ 46,300,000 as of May 31, 2025, and approximately $ 39,400,000
+Added: as of August 31, 2024, which may be available to offset future taxable income.
Utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards may
27 unchanged sentences
SUMMARY OF ROU ASSET AND OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES
+Added: lease liabilities
Operating lease liabilities current
−Removed: Operating lease liabilities
lease liabilities
−Removed: of February 28, 2025, the remaining maturities of lease liabilities were as
+Added: lease liabilities non current
+Added: lease liabilities
+Added: lease liabilities
+Added: of May 31, 2025, the remaining maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
SCHEDULE OF MATURITIES OF LEASE LIABILITIES
−Removed: Operating lease
14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
3 unchanged sentences
related to uncertainties or guarantees become probable and can be reasonably estimated.
−Removed: For the period ended February 28, 2025, no material
−Removed: changes have occurred in our estimated liabilities from those disclosed in the Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to condensed
+Added: For the period ended May 31, 2025,
+Added: there were no significant changes to our estimated liabilities from those reported in the Commitments and Contingencies note of the condensed
consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-Q.
15 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
−Removed: accordance with FASB ASC 855-10 Subsequent Events, the Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to February 28, 2025, to the date
−Removed: these consolidated financial statements were issued, and has determined that it does not have any material subsequent events to disclose
−Removed: in these consolidated financial statements.
+Added: accordance with FASB ASC 855-10 Subsequent Events, the Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to May 31, 2025, to the date these
+Added: consolidated financial statements were issued, and has determined that it does not have any material subsequent events to disclose in
+Added: these consolidated financial statements.
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.