EvoAir Holdings Inc. 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the financial year ended AUGUST 31 , 2024 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___________ to ___________ COMMISSION FILE NO. 333-228161 EvoAir Holdings Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Nevada 98-1353613 8713 (State or Other Jurisdiction of IRS Employer Primary Standard Industrial Incorporation or Organization) Identification Number Classification Code Number EvoAir Holdings Inc. 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A 6 ½ Miles, Off Jalan Kepong 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel. + 603 6243 3379 (Address and telephone number of registrant’s executive office) Copies to: Lawrence Venick, Esq. Loeb & Loeb LLP 2206-19 Jardine House 1 Connaught Place, Central Hong Kong SAR Tel: +852.3923.1111 Fax: +852.3923.1100 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T ( § 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant as required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes ☐ No ☒ The registrant had 27,180,631 shares of our Common Stock par value, $ 0.001 issued and outstanding as of November 27, 2024. The aggregate market value of the Company’s common stock held by non-affiliates of 14,698,737 shares (or 3,674,684 shares after being retroactively adjusted to give effect to the 1-for-4 reverse split effective on September 11, 2024 (the “Reverse Stock Split”)) computed by reference to the closing bid price of the Company’s, common stock of $5.51 (or $22.04 after being retroactively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split), as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $ 80,990,040.87 (or $80,990,035.36 after being retroactively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split) on February 29, 2024. Table of Contents Part I Item 1 Business 4 Item 1a Risk Factors 18 Item 1b Unresolved Staff Comments 27 Item 2 Properties 27 Item 3 Legal Proceedings 27 Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures 27 Part II Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 28 Item 6 Selected Financial Data 28 Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 28 Item 7a Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 32 Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 33 Item 9 Changes in And Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 58 Item 9a Controls and Procedures 58 Item 9b Other Information 58 Part III Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 59 Item 11 Executive Compensation 62 Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 63 Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, And Director Independence 64 Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services 65 Part IV Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 65 2 | Page FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. These statements often can be identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximate” or “continue,” or the negative thereof. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors for such statements. We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Any forward-looking statements represent management’s best judgment as to what may occur in the future. However, forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and important factors beyond our control that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from historical results of operations and events and those presently anticipated or projected. We disclaim any obligation subsequently to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statement or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. As used in this Annual Report, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “Company” or “EVOH”, mean EvoAir Holdings Inc., unless otherwise indicated. As used in this Annual Report, the term “Group”, “EvoAir Group” means EvoAir Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. All dollar amounts refer to US dollars unless otherwise indicated. 3 | Page PART I ITEM 1 BUSINESS Organization and Business Background EvoAir Holdings Inc. (formerly Unex Holdings Inc.) (the “Company”, “EVOH”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a corporation established under the corporation laws in the State of Nevada, United States of America (“U.S”) on February 17, 2017. The Company has adopted an August 31 fiscal year end. On December 20, 2021, the Company and Low Wai Koon (“Dr. Low”) entered into a share transfer agreement, (the “EvoAir International Share Transfer Agreement”), pursuant to which Dr. Low agreed to sell all of his ordinary shares of EvoAir International Limited (“EvoAir International”) to the Company for a consideration of US$100 (“EvoAir Transaction”). EvoAir International, through its subsidiaries upon completion of the Transactions (defined hereunder), is engaged in the research and development (“ R&D”), manufacturing, trading, sale of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (“HVAC”) products and related services in Asia. Pursuant to the terms of a share transfer agreement dated December 20, 2021, Dr. Low, the then sole executive officer and director of the Company and the owner of 2,000,000 restricted shares of common stock, with par value of $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of the Company (“EvoAir Shares”) representing approximately 67.34% of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, sold his entire shareholding of the Company to WKL Global Limited (“WKL Global”) for an aggregate consideration of $100 (“Change of Control Transaction”). Upon completion of the Change of Control Transaction, WKL Global owned 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 67.34% of the then issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Company , which resulted in a change of control of the Company. On December 20, 2021, several transactions took place (together, the “Allotment Transactions”) whereby the Company issued and allotted in aggregate 98,809,323 ordinary shares of Common Stock to certain parties. On completion of the Allotment Transactions, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company were 101,779,323 (“Then Enlarged Share Capital”): (A) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low and Chan Kok Wei entered into a share exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd (“WKL Eco Earth Holdings”), pursuant to which Dr. Low and Chan Kok Wei agreed to sell all their ordinary shares of WKL Green Energy Sdn Bhd (“WKL Green Energy”) to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance to WKL Global and Allegro Investment (BVI) Limited (“Allegro Investment”), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) with 50% shareholdings held by Chan Kok Wei and Ong Bee Chen, respectively, of 24,000 shares and 6,000 EvoAir Shares, respectively, or approximately 0.02% and 0.01% of the Then Enlarged Share Capital, respectively. (B) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low, Chan Kok Wei, Ong Bee Chen and certain sellers (“WKLEE Sellers”) entered into a share exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, pursuant to which Dr. Low, Chan Kok Wei, Ong Bee Chen and WKLEE Sellers agreed to sell all their ordinary shares of WKL Eco Earth Sdn Bhd (“WKL Eco Earth”) to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance to WKL Global, Allegro Investment and WKLEE Sellers of 49,320 EvoAir Shares, 8,280 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 14,400 shares, respectively, or approximately 0.05%, 0.009% and in aggregate 0.014%, respectively, of the Then Enlarged Share Capital. (C) On December 20, 2021, Tan Soon Hock, Ivan Oh Joon Wern and certain relevant interest holders (“Relevant Interest Holders”) entered into an investment exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, pursuant to which Tan Soon Hock, Ivan Oh Joon Wern and the Relevant Interest Holders agreed to sell all relevant interests in the EvoAir International and its subsidiaries to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance of 7,037,762 EvoAir Shares, 2,520,000 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 6,001,794 EvoAir shares, respectively, or approximately 6.91%, 2.48% and in aggregate 5.90%, respectively, of the Then Enlarged Share Capital. The board of directors and majority shareholders of the Company have approved the transaction. (D) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low entered into two deeds of assignment of intellectual properties with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, in respect of Dr. Low’s patents and patent applications relating to eco-friendly air-conditioner condenser (external unit), EvoAir TM and the trademarks and trademark applications described in the deeds of assignment thereunder, and in respect of Dr. Low’s patents and patents applications relating to the portable air-conditioner, e-Cond EVO TM and the trademarks and trademark applications as described in the deeds of assignment thereunder (together, the “IP Assignments”). Pursuant to the IP Assignments, WKL Global, Allegro Investment and certain nominees shall be allotted and issued 63,362,756 EvoAir Shares, 14,297,259 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 5,487,752 EvoAir Shares, respectively or approximately 62.25%, 14.05% and in aggregate 5.39%, respectively of the Then Enlarged Share Capital in consideration for the IP Assignments. EvoAir Transaction, Change of Control Transaction and Allotment Transactions are collectively referred to as the “Transactions”. The closing of the Transactions (“Closing”) occurred on December 20, 2021 (the “Closing Date”). From and after the Closing Date, at which time EvoAir International transferred its HVAC business to the Company, the Company’s primary operations will consist of the prior operations of EvoAir International and its subsidiaries. 4 | Page EvoAir International is a company incorporated in BVI on November 17, 2021. Effective from the December 20, 2021, it wholly owns WKL Eco Earth Holdings, a company incorporated in Singapore on July 12, 2018, which in turn wholly owns (a) WKL Eco Earth, a Malaysian company incorporated on May 17, 2017, and (b) WKL Green Energy, a Malaysian company incorporated on October 24, 2017. WKL Eco Earth Holdings acquired (c) EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (“EvoAir Manufacturing”) on April 19, 2021, a Malaysian company incorporated on March 22, 2019, as well as acquiring (d) WKL EcoEarth Indochina Co Ltd (“WKL EcoEarth Indochina”), a Cambodia company incorporated on February 4, 2021, (e) WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (“WKL Guanzhe”), a Chinese company incorporated on April 6, 2021. EvoAir Manufacturing wholly owns (f) Evo Air Marketing (M) Sdn Bhd (“Evo Air Marketing”), a Malaysian company incorporated on February 2, 2021. On June 15, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Articles of Incorporation with Nevada’s Secretary of State to change the name of the Company from Unex Holdings Inc. to EvoAir Holdings Inc. (the “Name Change”), and the Name Change became market effective on November 4, 2022. Effective on November 11, 2022, the Company’s shares began trading under the new ticker symbol “EVOH”. On November 21, 2023, the Company issued in aggregate, 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents (“Referral Agents”) in consideration for their referral to the Company of certain investors. Each Referral Agent is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S. On November 21, 2023, the Company issued, in aggregate, 5,500 shares of Common Stock to two individuals in consideration for marketing services provided to the Company by Artisan Creative Studio, a marketing entity based in Malaysia. Each of the individuals is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S. Round 2 Stockholders The Company entered into a series of offerings for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50, as follows: ● On February 15, 2022, the Company entered into certain share subscription agreement with Ms. Ang Lee Kim Jane, who is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 74,074 shares of Common Stock, at a per share purchase price of $2.50, as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds were $185,185. ● On June 3, 2022, the Company entered into certain share subscription agreement with Mr. Wong Hon Wai who is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 5,000 shares of Common Stock, at a per share purchase price of $2.50, as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds were $12,500. ● On October 25, 2022, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with eight investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Securities Act. On the same date, the Company entered into Regulation D share subscription agreements with two investors, each of whom represented that it was an “Accredited Investors” as defined in Regulation D of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, (i) 129,621 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, and (ii) 15,000 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation D investors, respectively, at a per share purchase price of $2.50, as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds in aggregate were $361,553. ● On February 20, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with eleven investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, (i) 57,783 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds in aggregate were $144,443. ● On July 13, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with 31 investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, (i) 250,132 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S Investors, at a per share purchase price of $2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $625,330. ● On September 7, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with 71 investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 365,164 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $912,889. ● On November 21, 2023, the Company entered into a Regulation S share subscription agreement with Wong Chun Shoong who represented that he was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 8,658 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $2.50. The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $21,645 Reverse S Reverse Stock Split On April 12, 2024, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) unanimously resolved to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a ratio of 1-for-4. Following such resolution, on September 9, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect the reverse stock split, with an effective time of 9:00AM. Eastern Time on September 11, 2024 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Split Adjustment; Treatment of Fractional Shares As a result of the 1:4 Reverse Stock Split, each 4 pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding will automatically combine into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders, and the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reduced from 102,742,362 shares to 25,685,591 shares (subject to rounding up of fractional shares to the nearest whole number). No fractional shares was issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole number Share Issuance On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 679,516 shares of Common Stock, representing 2.5% issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock to certain consultant in consideration for their services in relation to proposed initial public offering. On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 815,419 shares of Common Stock, representing 3.0% issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock to certain consultant in consideration for their consulting services. 5 | Page Details of the Company’s subsidiaries: Name Place and date of incorporation Principal activities Ownership EvoAir International Limited (“EvoAir International”) British Virgin Islands, November 17, 2021 Investment holding. 100% Subsidiary of EvoAir International WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte. Ltd. (“WKL Eco Earth Holdings”) Singapore, July 12, 2018 Investment holding and research and development (“R&D”), marketing and sale of eco-friendly heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) products and related services. 100% Subsidiaries of WKL Eco Earth Holdings WKL Eco Earth Sdn. Bhd. (“WKL Eco Earth”) Malaysia, May 17, 2017 R&D, manufacturing, marketing and sale of eco-friendly HVAC products, and the manufacture and sale of related services as well as food, pharmaceutical products, and orthopaedic goods. 100% WKL Green Energy Sdn Bhd (“WKL Green Energy”) Malaysia, October 24, 2017 R&D on biotechnology. 100% EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (“EvoAir Manufacturing”) Malaysia, March 22, 2019 Holding company, R&D, manufacturing, marketing and sale of eco-friendly HVAC products and related services. 67.5% WKL EcoEarth Indochina Co. Ltd (“WKL EcoEarth Indochina”) Cambodia, February 4, 2021 Marketing and sale of eco-friendly HVAC products and related services. 55% WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (“WKL Guanzhe”) People’s Republic of China, April 6, 2021 Manufacturing, marketing and sale of eco-friendly HVAC products and related services 55%* Subsidiary of EvoAir Manufacturing Evo Air Marketing (M) Sdn. Bhd. (“Evo Air Marketing”) Malaysia, February 2, 2021 Marketing and sale of eco-friendly HVAC products and related services 100% * Shareholding increased to 62.5% on August 14, 2024 6 | Page Our Future Strategies We intend to pursue the following strategies to further develop and expand our business: ● Continued investment in research and development in hybrid air-conditioning products The Group intends to continue development of its hybrid air-conditioning products to further increase its product offerings, as well as to expand its client base, especially with commercial and industrial clients. The Group plans to expand its distribution into other South East Asia markets, China and Asia markets, which has high potential demand for air-conditioning as their population gross domestic product (“GDP”) increases. Taking advantage of the global awareness and push to reduce harmful factors leading to global warming, the Group continues to market its EvoAir TM brand and e-Cond Evo TM as eco-friendly products aiming to reduce emission of waste heat from the air-conditioner condensing units and at the same time improving energy efficiency. The Group aims to continue innovation through investment into research and development, to further improve on its product lines, reduce its carbon emissions as it strives to become a leader in HVAC green inventions. ● Continued production of air purifier and air-sanitizing systems The Group continues to improve on its production of air purifier and air-sanitizing systems in order to capitalize on increased market demand for air sanitizing products in the wake of the global coronavirus pandemic. The Group is expanding usage and application of its INCU Technology, which acts as an effective disinfectant solution into more sectors and markets as the Group foresees growth in demand for air-sanitizing products as a must-have product in general consumer households in the near future. Besides household consumers, the Group also aims to expand its commercial and industrial customer base, as well as partake in public sanitation projects. In terms of sanitation products, the company aims to expand into personal healthcare products such as formulated toiletries cleansers incorporating the INCU ionic nano copper solution as an active ingredient. ● Geographical expansion A key component of our strategy is to enter into and expand into new markets with high demand for HVAC. The Group intends to replicate the similar model, continue development of its product line and expand into other Southeast Asian countries and the Chinese market, with possible expansion into the Middle East, Indonesia and India in the future. ● Promoting importance of environmental-friendly technology The Group also advocates the importance of promoting environmentally friendly technology and creating awareness to the public to play a part in protecting the environment as well as creating synergy with the Group’s products and brand image. On 5 May 2023, the Company launched ‘Cool the Earth Day’ which marks the birth of the environmental movement for HVAC industry. It was a movement launched by EvoAir Group advocating that (i) everyone can enhance his/her lifestyle through green inventions while preserving the Earth; and (ii) everyone can be the ‘Ambassador of the Earth’ - everyone can do a part, be it in the smallest way in protecting our environment. ‘Cool the Earth Day’ is a movement in line with the Company’s mission to contribute to the Earth and society amidst the alarming global warming and climate change issues confronting the world and its 8 billion population through green inventions and creating awareness. We hope that through this movement, people will raise their awareness that everyone can do a part, be it in the smallest way in protecting our environment. At EvoAir, every member is an Ambassador of the Earth, sharing the same mission of protecting the Earth. The Company believes that everyone around the globe can be an Ambassador of the Earth. In 2023, the Group collaborated with a university in Malaysia to study the effect of heat generated by outdoor condensing unit of traditional air-conditioning system towards surrounding environment, by studying the effects of air conditioning system on plant growth in a green-house setting. The study concludes that air produced by EvoAir TM outdoor condensing unit, Coolpressor, is lower in temperature and is more environmental friendly and favourable for the growth of green planted compared to hot air produced by conventional air-conditioner outdoor condensing unit. This positive outcome will surely path a new and sustainable direction in terms of energy savings. The Group looks to continue embracing such promotions and is committed to creating awareness and promoting environmental sustainability. We envision becoming an international player in HVAC sector focusing on environmental, social, governance (“ESG”) efforts and initiatives in the future. ● Developing and distributing INCZN health supplement The Group has launched an INCZN health supplement product and is partnering with OEM to manufacture the supplements. INCZN is designed to provide health benefits including improving immune system, protecting against diseases such as mouth, throat and lung cancer, regulate blood pressure and strengthening cardiovascular health, improve stomach digestion and gout repair through the benefit of zinc and copper. The Company intends to build on the further development and distribution of INCZN in order to diversify our product offerings in the future. 7 | Page Product Lines Hybrid Air Conditioners e-Cond EVO TM With the objective of embracing well-being of mankind through green living and preserving the Earth through green inventions e-Cond EVO TM is a breakthrough invention building on the research and development (“R&D”) of Dr Low Wai Koon (“Dr. Low”), our Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and his team, it is the Group’s first invented its line of eco-friendly portable air-conditioners under its e-Cond EVO TM brand in 2017. The unit is an eco-friendly air-conditioning system with patent pending heat emission control system (“HECS”) technology, which regulates the temperature and volume of heat transferred from the air-conditioning system into the environment. This product employs an innovative hydro-refrigeration system (“HRS”) integrating evaporative cooling process with refrigeration cycle, reducing temperature of the output air by approximately 30% while achieving an optimal cooling performance of approximately 25 to 28 degrees Celsius. The patent pending technology in the unit allows it to utilize substantially lower energy than its traditional air-conditioning units. The portable air-conditioning systems also incorporate ionizer technology producing high concentrations of negative ions to purify the surrounding air of mold spores, pollen, pet dander, odors, cigarette smoke, bacteria, viruses, dust and other hazardous airborne particles. The Company markets two models of the e-Cond EVO TM units: the Super King and the Outdoor King. EvoAir TM The Group continued to research on incorporating its patent pending HECS Technology as well as various other patent pending technologies into its product line, subsequently launching its EvoAir TM hybrid air-conditioners in 2021. The Group’s core product, EvoAir TM , is a first-of-its-kind eco-friendly air-conditioner with granted patent or utility model/ patent or utility model pending heat emission control system (“HECS”) proprietary technology, which turns waste heat released by conventional air-conditioner condenser (external unit) into cool and moisturised air at approximately 26 o C to 32 o C with a humidity of ±60%, operating under outdoor condition, which is optimal for human and living things. The re-engineering of the air-conditioning system has transformed the air-conditioner condenser (external unit) into a supplementary cooling unit or ‘ Coolpressor ’, which also functions as an air cooler. It also reduces energy consumption of at least 20% compared to conventional air-conditioning units. The significant decrease in waste heat and reduction in energy consumption play an important role in reducing harmful effects to the environment, in line with the Group’s mission of producing eco-friendly invention in protecting the Earth. 8 | Page Air-conditioning refrigerant is harmful to the environment. The EvoAir TM system utilizes the R32 refrigerant in its operation, which is 9% lower in density than the traditionally used R410A refrigerant found in various conventional air-conditioning systems, while maintaining approximately 43-50% higher latent heat vaporization and approximately 41% higher thermal conductivity when combined with the Group’s other patent-pending technologies. EvoAir TM ’s system design also allows for a further reduction in refrigerant use of at least 30% compared to conventional air-conditioning systems with traditional long copper coils by increasing the efficiency of the heat transfer in the R32 refrigerant, in doing so, further increasing refrigerant efficiency. The EvoAir TM hybrid air-conditioning system was awarded SGS International Certification in 2021. The Group’s core product, EvoAir TM , is a first-of-its-kind eco-friendly air-conditioner with granted patent or utility model/ patent or utility model pending heat emission control system (“HECS”) proprietary technology, which turns waste heat released by conventional air-conditioner condenser (external unit) into cool and moisturised air at approximately 26 o C to 32 o C with a humidity of ±60%, operating under outdoor condition, which is optimal for human and living things. The re-engineering of the air-conditioning system has transformed the air-conditioner condenser (external unit) into a supplementary cooling unit or ‘ Coolpressor ’, which also functions as an air cooler. It also reduces energy consumption of at least 20% compared to conventional air-conditioning units. The significant decrease in waste heat and reduction in energy consumption play an important role in reducing harmful effects to the environment, in line with the Group’s mission of producing eco-friendly invention in protecting the Earth. Residential Units We offer a variety options of EvoAir TM hybrid air conditioner range from 1.0 HP to 2.5 HP, where indoor units of wall mounted and ceiling cassette (selected models) options are available for residential users. Our residential EvoAir TM units are all supplied by 220-240V, single phase and 50Hz of power supply, using R32 as refrigerant. While the dimension size for outdoor unit (Coolpressor) is 925mm x 355mm x 685mm, which comes with an LCD remote control to operate it individually. Each coolpressor is equipped with an up & down automatic louver. Commercial Units Aside from residential units, we also offer EvoAir TM commercial / industrial units range from 5HP to 25HP, where the placement of air conditioner unit in the ideal settings would be most cooling effective to the certain area. The application of commercial units are normally office buildings, retail stores, warehouses, or manufacturing facilities. Due to efficiency consideration, commercial units are using 3 phase power supply and R410A as refrigerant charge (instead of R32). Dimension size of Coolpressor comparing to residential units are larger and heavier too. Retrofitting Service We also provide retrofit service to commercial customers that wishes to keep their existing HVAC systems. Our retrofitting services include replacing the customers’ outdoor condensing unit with the patent-pending HECS technology. Retrofitting service allow for large saving of resources for our enterprise customers, who can avoid fully replacing their air conditioning units, which may be costly depending on the number of existing air conditioning unites already deployed. Customization Services We also provide customization services for specific customers, including stainless-steel coverings to prevent corrosion for customers in locations susceptible to erosion, such as near the coastline. 9 | Page Manufacturing The Group produces its Coolpressor under its EvoAir TM brand. Meanwhile, the Group partners with OEMs to produce an air-conditioner indoor unit (blower) to complement its EvoAir TM Coolpressor as well as its eco-friendly portable air-conditioner systems under its e-Cond EVO TM brand. The Group has managed to situate its manufacturing plants in both Malaysia and China through its operating subsidiaries, EvoAir Manufacturing and WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou, respectively. The Group operates manufacturing plants and assembly lines in China and Malaysia approximately 60,000 square feet of manufacturing space. By distributing its manufacturing capacity geographically, the Group is able to maintain a flexible supply chain concentrating production of products according to demand from different regions. Licensing, Supply and Maintenance Service The Group licenses its various proprietary and granted patent or utility model/ patent or utility model pending patent technologies to OEMs and other brands to be incorporated in various HVAC products. The Group has also catered to industrial clients including supplying products to factory settings or real estate developments spread out across different geographical locations including Malaysia, and Cambodia and Singapore as well as Indonesia as well as providing maintenance and installation services of its EvoAir TM products to various commercial customers. Air Purifier E-Cond Life To address the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic which arose during the end of 2019 , the EvoAir Group launched a new series of air-sanitizing products during the middle of 2020. Partnering with its supplier, the Group became an exclusive authorized distributor of INCU technology, which involves the use of an ionic nano copper solution. The active ingredients of the solutions, Copper Sulphate Pentha-Hydrate, has a proven track record as well as having been certified and reported to inhibit larvidie, germicide, bactericide, fungicide, algaecide and virucide, while being non-toxic and safe for human and animal use. INCU (Ionic Nano Copper) has been recognized as being vital to health, as well as having proven to be effective against influenzas, bacteria such as E. Coli, bacteria groups such as MRSA as well as inhibiting against Covid-19. The Group partnered with various OEMs to produce air-purifier products under its e-Cond Life brand, in accordance to the Group’s specifications in terms of modifications to the micro-chips, magnetic control valves and systems flows to work with INCU technology. By disinfecting water in a water tank reserve through hydro-curtain technology, followed by purifying the output air in the form of water vapour or mist, E-Cond Life products act as environmental disinfecting solutions for air sanitization. The e-Cond Life sanitizer system has been certified under the IECEE CB Scheme, while the INCU ionic nano copper solution used by the system has been certified by NSF International (USA) to be compliant with NSF / ANSI60 standards for all applicable requirements. The EvoAir Group has also obtained safety test reports from TUV SUD in Singapore and ICAS Shanghai for Cytotoxicity Testing. QCOV TM To supplement the e-Cond Life line of air purifier products, the Group partnered with various OEMs to produce small air purifier systems under its QCOV TM brand in 2021, which incorporates a diffuser to distribute the INCU ionic nano copper solution in order to sanitize the environment. 10 | Page Distribution As an exclusive authorized distributor of the INCU ionic nano copper solution, the Group has partnered with various distributors to distribute the technology to other brands and markets, Singapore, Thailand. We entered into a long term original design manufacturer supply agreement with our nano copper solution supplier in September, 2020. There were no purchases from our nano copper supplier for FYE2024 and FYE 2023, respectively, representing approximately Nil% and Nil% of our total purchases, respectively. As is customary in the supply or sales arrangements, the agreements with our supplier are terminable by either party by giving notice. Through these various partnerships, the Group’s air purifier systems and INCU are produced and distributed by various distribution channels, including through several well established marketing companies with their own respective online platforms. The Group market its brand to target customers that are attracted to the Group’s eco-friendly image, the product’s ability to inhibit bacteria and viruses, as well as to provide a clean and safe environment. Intellectual Property The Group’s success and future revenue growth depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. The Group relies primarily on patent and trademark laws, as well as confidentiality procedures, to protect our proprietary technologies and processes. The Group believes that the core of its business is comprised of our proprietary technologies, including its granted patent or utility model/ patent or utility model pending patent HECS technology. As a result, the Group will strive to maintain a robust intellectual property portfolio. The Group’s success and future revenue growth may depend, in part, on its ability to protect its intellectual property as products and services that are material to its operating results incorporate patented technology. The Group believes its rights to patents and trademark rights serve to distinguish and protect its products from infringement and contribute to our competitive advantages. The Group had patents and trademarks in various stages of the registration application process in Malaysia and trademarks in various stages of the registration application process in China. We cannot assure you that any patents or copyrights will be issued from any of our pending applications. In addition, any rights granted under any of our existing or future patents, copyrights or trademarks may not provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us. With respect to our other proprietary rights, it may be possible for third parties to copy or otherwise obtain and use proprietary technology without authorization or to develop similar technology independently. We may in the future initiate claims or litigation against third parties to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others. In addition, we may in the future initiate litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to protect our trade secrets. The Air Conditioner Industry Growing demand for cooling According to International Energy Agency (“IEA”) (https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling#tracking), there are currently about 2 billion air conditioning units operating worldwide, and by 2050, it is predicted that there will be 5.6 billion units. According to the statistics report published by the Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association (“JRAIA”) (https://www.jraia.or.jp) in July 2022, the world’s total air conditioner demand in 2021 is estimated at 110 million, which represent 102% of the world demand in 2020. Looking at the 2021 world demand in terms of Japan, China and other regions, the largest demand is from China, of which demand is estimated to have reached 41.305 million, representing 98% of 2020’s demand. China’s demand accounts for 38% of the total global demand. Next to China, the Asian region (excluding Japan and China) stands at approximately 17.983 million, followed by North America with 16.515 million, Japan with 10.201 million, Europe with 8.885 million and Latin America with 6.547 million. Air-conditioners vary in energy efficiency and their usage lead to a global consumption of approximately 2,000 terawatt hours of electricity annually. In addition, almost 20% of all the electricity used in buildings is for cooling, accounting for 14% of average peak residential electricity demand globally. The emerging economies are expected to use more air-conditioners as income levels rise. Of the 2.8 billion people living in the hottest parts of the world, only 8% currently own air-conditioning units compared to approximately 90% ownership in the United States and Japan. By 2050, India, China and Indonesia may account for 50% of the projected growth in energy use for space cooling. 11 | Page Global Emissions from the use of Air Conditioners The efficiency of air conditioners vary widely, in all major markets today, consumers are typically buying air conditioners whose average efficiencies are less than half of what is available. Carbon dioxide emissions from cooling systems have tripled since 1990 to 1,130 million tons in 2016, and local air pollutants caused by cooling systems have also increased. Greenhouse Gases produced include Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change: ● Carbon dioxide is called a greenhouse gas because it absorbs infrared energy and remits this energy back in all directions. About half of that energy goes out into space and about half of it returns to Earth as heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change ● The four main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Carbon dioxide accounts for about 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. ● About 30% of greenhouse gas emissions come from transportation, 25% come from the production of electricity, 23% comes from industrial production, 12% comes from commercial and residential sources and 10% comes from agriculture. ● Climate change could increase the occurrence and severity of weather events, such as heat waves, droughts and floods. These changes are likely to increase losses to property and crops and affect economic activity. ● The usage of air conditioners has a significant impact on the environment. Air-conditioners use chemical refrigerants, usually hydrofluorocarbons in their heat exchange systems. The hydrofluorocarbons contributes significantly to global warming if leaked to the atmosphere. ● The generation of the electricity to power the air conditioners also contribute to significant emissions, especially when fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. Urbanized areas have higher temperatures than less urbanized areas, contributing to heat islands. This is because urban areas usually have less greenery. Roads and buildings absorb and re-emit daytime heat more than forests and water bodies. As a result, urban daytime temperatures can reach approximately 1 to 7 degrees higher in Fahrenheit than the outlying areas and night-time temperatures can reach approximately 2 to 5 degrees higher in Fahrenheit. The use of air conditioners extract hot air to the outside of buildings. On high temperature days, the hot air emitted by air-conditioner units increases the outdoor temperature. This in turn increases the need for more cooling and creates a feedback loop. The use of air conditioners can increase outdoor urban temperatures by more than approximately 1 degree Celsius in some cities Global Efforts to combat Climate Change and Global Warming If the current rate of growth of energy use by air conditioners continues, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) predicts that by 2050, global energy usage for space cooling would triple to 6,200 terra watts. This would triple the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and heavy investments in electricity infrastructure to meet peak electricity demand. This could cause severe financial strain on emerging economies. Over the years, countries around the world have come together to support policies to combat climate change. However, obtaining consensus has been challenging because of political and national circumstances. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which entered into force on 1 January 2019, help protect the climate by phasing down high global warming potential hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are commonly used as refrigerants. Promoting the energy efficiency of cooling technology can also significantly increase climate benefits. ● From October 31 to November 12, 2021, the 26th annual UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) was held in Glasgow, Scotland. The objectives of COP26 were: i. Countries were called out to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and to cap the increase in global temperatures below 1.5°C from current levels; ii. To protect and restore ecosystems and habitats and build resilient infrastructures to withstand climate change; iii. Developed nations to mobilize $100bn in climate finance per year for poorer nations; and iv. Parties of COP26 to finalize the agreement and rules for action and monitoring. The Role of Air conditioners Efficiency in combating Climate Change Intuitively, the more energy efficient air-conditioners are, the less electricity they would consume, and less fossil fuels would be burnt to produce electricity. This would lead to less carbon dioxide emissions which could reduce global warming. The EIA highlighted one area where policy action could deliver substantial energy savings quickly — by making air conditioners equipment more efficient. Through stricter minimum energy performance standards and other measure such as labelling, the average energy efficiency of the stock of air conditioners globally could more than double in efficiency between now and 2050. This could reduce cooling-related energy demand to 3,400 terawatts in 2050 compared to 6,200 terawatts if efficiency remained at current levels. The 45% reduction in energy usage or 2,800 terawatts could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1,582 megatons annually. This scenario was called the Efficient Cooling Scenario by EIA. 12 | Page In addition, the use of less electricity because of more efficient air conditioners greatly reduces the need to build new generation capacity to meet peak electricity demand. In the Efficient Cooling Scenario, there would not be a need to build additional capacity deliver the 1,300 gigawatts of power with more efficient air conditioners. This is equivalent to all the coal-fired power generation in China and India today. In addition, the cumulative infrastructure, fuel and operating costs savings amounted to $2.9 trillion from 2017 to 2050. This means 45% lower electricity costs for everyone as well, compared to if there were no efficiency improvements in air conditioners Number of Aircon sold per Year (Thousands of units) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 World 115,872 107,447 110,041 117,770 123,932 Residential Aircon 101,952 93,949 95,162 99,899 105,857 Commercial Aircon 13,920 13,499 14,879 17,871 18,075 By Continent North America 14,226 15,029 16,515 19,026 18,416 Asia (Ex-Japan and China) 19,245 16,196 17,983 20,066 22,464 Europe 7,991 7,604 8,885 9,517 9,650 Latin America 8,254 7,423 6,547 7,016 7,288 Middle East 4,194 3,992 3,684 4,227 4,009 Africa 3,125 2,981 3,489 3,572 3,699 Ocenia 1,319 1,396 1,432 1,464 1,376 58,354 54,621 58,535 64,888 66,902 By Country (Standalone) Japan 10,768 10,687 10,201 9,885 9,589 China 46,751 42,142 41,305 42,998 47,440 57,519 52,829 51,506 52,883 57,029 Total 115,873 107,450 110,041 117,771 123,931 Selected South East Asia Malaysia 1,001 902 867 889 913 Singapore 135 113 121 129 127 Indonesia 2,365 1,929 2,159 2,374 2,693 Source: Estimates of World Air Conditioner Demand (Ju ly 20 22 & July 202 4 ) - The Japan Refrigeration and Airconditioning Industry Association (JRAIA) As derived from the JRAIA report, in 202 3 , approximately 1 24 million units of air conditioners were sold globally of which approximately 85% were residential units and approximately 1 5 % were commercial units. Based on statistics available in the JRAIA report, we calculated both CAGR of residential and commercial air conditioners from 201 9 to 202 3 increased to approximately 0.94% and 6.75% respectively. China was the largest consumer of air conditioners globally and it accounted for approximately 45% of all air conditioners sales. By continent, North America had the highest CAGR of approximately 6.67% from 201 9 to 202 3 followed by Europe at approximately 4.83% CAGR. 13 | Page No. Major Aircon Brands Globally Company Securities Exchange (1) Principal Activities (2) Market Capitalisation (USD’bn) (3) HVAC Revenues (USD’bn) (4) 1 Daikin Daikin Industries Ltd Tokyo Stock Exchange Daikin Industries Ltd manufactures air conditioners and refrigerants. The company provides an array of products and technologies related to air-conditioning, refrigeration systems, oil hydraulics, defense systems, chemicals, and other electronics. The company’s air conditioners are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications. It also offers chemical products such as fluoroplastics, chemical engineering machinery, fluorocarbons, and fine chemical products. The company offers industrial hydraulic equipment and machinery, mobile hydraulic equipment, components for guided missiles and oxygen therapy equipment. 35.56 23.86 (5 ) 2 Midea Midea Group Co Shenzhen Stock Exchange Midea Group Co Ltd is a manufacturer, marketer, and seller of diversified products, including consumer appliances, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) systems, robotics and industrial automation and smart supply chain. The company’s major products include both residential and commercial air-conditioners, laundry appliances, kitchen appliances, refrigerators, smart logistics, components, and various small home appliances. It also provides installation, maintenance, after-sale and professional services. 81.26 22.59 3 Trane Trane Technologies PLC New York Stock Exchange Trane Technologies Plc is a manufacturer of industrial goods. It designs, manufactures, and sells a portfolio of industrial and commercial products. The company’s products enhance the quality, energy efficiency and comfort of air in homes and buildings, transport and protect food, and perishables; and increase industrial productivity and efficiency. 88.51 12.73 4 Carrier Carrier Global Corp New York Stock Exchange Carrier Global Corp is a provider of heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigeration systems, building automation, and fire and security technologies. The company’s products comprise furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, ductless systems, refrigeration equipment, boilers, indoor air quality products, compressors, thermostats, and refrigeration equipment. It also offers design, maintenance, and installation services. 72.60 14.81 5 LG LG Electronics Inc Korean Exchange LG Electronics Inc manufactures and distributes consumer electronics and home appliances. The company’s product portfolio comprises televisions, monitors, personal computers, refrigerators, audio and beauty appliances, video equipment, washing machines, dishwashers, air purifiers, dehumidifiers, residential and commercial air conditioners, and vacuum cleaners. It also offers vehicle components, smartphones, information displays, solar panels, substrate and material, motor and sensor components, optic solutions, automotive components and camera modules. 12.76 N/A 6 Panasonic Panasonic Corp Tokyo Stock Exchange Panasonic Holdings Corp develops, produces, sells and services a range of electric and electronic products. Panasonic’s product portfolio includes room air-conditioners, TVs, fixed-phones, digital cameras, video equipment, home audio equipment, rice cookers, lamps, wiring devices, air-conditioning equipment, air purifiers and bicycles. It also offers electronic components, mounting machines, welding equipment, PCs and tablets, projectors, batteries, electric motors, electronic components, electronic materials, semiconductors and LCD panels. It provides consumer, logistics, automotive, aviation, entertainment, manufacturing and housing solutions, among others. 19.39 5.75 (5 ) 7 Mitsubishi Electric Mitsubishi Electric Corp Tokyo Stock Exchange Mitsubishi Electric Corp develops, manufactures, and markets electrical and electronics products. The companys product portfolio comprises of air conditioning systems, home products, factory automation systems, automotive equipment, building systems, energy systems, visual information systems, transportation systems, semiconductors and devices, information and communication systems, space systems and public systems. It also offers maintenance services, it infrastructure services and network services. Mitsubishi Electric serves information processing and communications, space development and satellite communications, consumer electronics, industrial technology, energy, transportation, and building equipment sectors. 32.63 9.38 (5 ) 14 | Page 8 Haier Haier Smart Home Co Ltd Shanghai Stock Exchange Haier Group is involved in the manufacturing, marketing and selling of a wide range of home appliances and consumer electronic products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, water heaters, TVs, kitchen electric appliances, digital and home appliances, and computers. 39.77 6.47 9 Lennox Lennox International Inc New York Stock Exchange Lennox International Inc is a climate control solutions provider. The company designs, manufactures and markets a wide range of products for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVACR) markets. Its heating and cooling products comprise a broad range of heat pumps, furnaces, packaged heating and cooling systems, accessories to improve indoor air quality, air conditioners, comfort control products, installation and services of commercial heating and cooling equipment, replacement parts and supplies. 21.45 3.29 10 Johnson Controls Johnson Controls International PLC New York Stock Exchange Johnson Controls International Plcis a technology and multi-industrial company. It engineers, develops, manufactures, and installs building products and systems. The company offers HVAC equipment, fire suppression, distributed energy storage, fire detection, industrial refrigeration, building automation and controls, digital solutions, residential and smart home security, and retail solutions, among others. NA NA 11 Samsung Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd Korean Exchange Samsung Electronics Co Ltd is a manufacturer of consumer electronics, information technology and mobile communications, and device solutions. The company’s product portfolio includes televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, medical devices, printers, monitors, computers, network systems, and digital cameras. It also manufactures LCD and LED panels, mobile phones and smartphones, tablets, and related accessories. Samsung provides solutions to retail, hospitality, healthcare institutions, finance, education, transportation, and government sectors. 287.46 NA 12 Whirlpool Whirlpool Corp New York Stock Exchange Whirlpool Corp is a designer, manufacturer, and supplier of home and kitchen appliances. Its product portfolio includes laundry appliances, refrigerators and freezers, cooking appliances, dishwashers, mixers, washing machines, air conditioners, heating and cooling products, water filters, and other portable household appliances. 5.65 NA 13 Sharp Sharp Corp Tokyo Stock Exchange Sharp Corp (Sharp) designs, develops, and markets digital information equipment, health and environmental equipment, energy, and business solutions. The company’s major products include refrigerators, microwave ovens, electric fans, beauty appliances, LED lights, air conditioners, washing machines, televisions, projectors, mobile phones, tablets, calculators, telephones, thin-film solar cells, solar cells, and storage battery. It also provides sensors, office solutions, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, business projectors, information displays, options and consumables, software, and ultrasonic cleaners. The company serves to original equipment manufacturers, electronics industries, solar industries, and household customers. 4.26 NA (1) Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/ (2) Source: https://www.globaldata.com/ (3) Source: Bloomberg (as at 22 Oct 2024) (4) Source: Bloomberg, Valuer’s estimates, Financial year ended 31 December 2023 (5) Financial year ended 31 March 2024 15 | Page Intellectual Property As reflected in the table below, we currently have registered trademarks, several patents or pending patents for our proprietary drone, sensor and software technologies filed in the United States and certain jurisdictions abroad. As of November 27, 2024, our trademark portfolio includes granted patent or utility model/ patent or utility model pending in various countries and stages. We also consider our manufacturing processes to be trade secrets and have non-disclosure agreements with current employees and business partners to protect those and other trade secrets held by the Company. Risks related to the protection and exploitation of IP rights are set forth in “Risk Factors.” Trademarks Mark Country Application No. Filing Date Status Malaysia TM2021004997 24.02.2021 Registered QCOV Malaysia TM2021004999 24.02.2021 Registered Malaysia TM2021025558 14.09.2021 Registered Malaysia TM2021018495 07.07.2021 Registered Malaysia TM2021012892 04.05.2021 Registered EvoAir Malaysia TM2021002685 29.01.2021 Registered We Cha Malaysia TM2020000453 09.01.2020 Registered 回球 Malaysia TM2020000455 09.01.2020 Registered 回球 China 43752514 13.01.2020 Registered Malaysia 2017076420 27.12.2017 Pending Publication 16 | Page Grated Patents or Utility Models and Pending Patents or Utility Models Invention Name Country Code Status Application No. Filing Date Publication No. Publication Date Condensing Unit (E-coil) Malaysia Granted UI2019003217 04.06.2019 - 04.12.2020 Condensing Unit (E-coil) PCT Completed PCT/MY2020/050038 30.06.2020 WO/2020/246871 10.12.2020 Condensing Unit (E-coil) Thailand Granted 2103003569 03.12.2021 20596 23.12.2022 Condensing Unit (E-coil) Philippines Pending Certificate 22021550009 02.12.2021 N/A 11.03.2022 Condensing Unit (E-coil) Vietnam Pending Certificate 2-2021-00562 17.12.2021 N/A N/A Condensing Unit (E-pad) PCT Completed PCT/MY2020/050070 18.08.2020 WO/2021/034185 25.02.2021 Condensing Unit (E-pad) Thailand Granted 2203000456 21.02.2022 - - Condensing Unit (E-pad) Vietnam Pending 2-2022-00092 08.03.2022 5467 A 25/05/2022 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) Malaysia Granted PI2019007957 31.12.2019 MY-201420-A 21.02.2024 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) PCT Completed PCT/MY2020/050207 29.12.2020 WO/2021/137695 08/07/2021 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) Thailand Granted 2203001623 29.06.2022 22097 14.07.2023 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) Vietnam Granted 2-2022-00320 22.07.2022 5633 A 26.09.2022 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) China Granted 202090001025.2 30.06.2022 CN 218846310 U 11.04.2023 Condensing Unit (E-ball 1) Japan Granted 2022-600153 29.06.2022 N/A N/A Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Malaysia Pending PI2020006990 23.12.2020 N/A 23.06.2022 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) PCT Completed PCT/MY2021/050119 14.12.2021 WO/2022/139572 30.06.2022 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Taiwan Granted 110148426 23.12.2021 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) China Granted 202190000952.7 21.06.2023 202190000952.7 26.12.2023 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Thailand Granted 2303001671 21.06.2023 24046 04.07.2024 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Philippines Pending 22023550013 20.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Japan Granted 2023-600140 22.06.2023 3244796 21.11.2023 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) UAE Pending P6001550/2023 19.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Saudi Arabia Pending 523441275 18.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Cambodia Pending KH/UM/2023/00003 19.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Singapore Pending 11202304828V 21.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) USA Pending 18/258,525 20.06.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Australia Pending 2021409614 15.07.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Republic of Korea Pending 10-2023-7024626 18.07.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Indonesia Pending P00202306541 20.07.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) Vietnam Pending 2-2023-00377 17.07.2023 - - Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) UK Granted 2310921.8 17.07.2023 GB2617967 25.10.2023 Condensing Unit (E-ball 2) India Pending 202347048973 20.07.2023 - - Portable Air Cooler Malaysia Pending PI 2017704572 28.11.2017 N/A 28.05.2019 Portable Air Cooler PCT Completed PCT/MY2018/050076 15.11.2018 WO/2019/108053 06.06.2019 Portable Air Cooler Thailand Pending 2001002798 15.11.2018 2001002798A 09.01.2023 System Heating and Cooling Air Malaysia Granted UI2020003656 15.07.2020 MY-204298-A 15.01.202 2 A new type of air conditioner outdoor unit China Granted 2022200638879 07.01.2022 CN216667840U 03.06.2022 Water pump bracket and air conditioner with the water pump bracket China Granted 2022200416765 07.01.2022 CN216665887U 03.06.2022 A water curtain structure China Granted 2022200417471 07.01.2022 CN216667874U 03.06.2022 A fan air guide frame assembly China Granted 2022200452850 07.01.2022 CN216667843U 2022.06.03 An air conditioner China Granted 2021233235910 25.12.2021 CN216620015U 27.05.2022 A water distributor damping groove and an air conditioner having the water distributor damping groove China Granted 2021233235696 25.12.2021 CN216620215U 27.05. 2022 Wind board device China Granted 2021233216873 25.12.2021 CN216620075U 27.05. 2022 A water tank structure China Granted 2021233215851 25.12.2021 CN216620214U 27.05. 2022 Air conditioner outdoor unit China Granted 2021308587838 25.12.2021 CN307226419S 01.04.2022 17 | Page Employees As of November 27, 2024, the Group has approximately 2 4 employees, 22 of whom are full-time employees and 2 of whom are part-time located in Malaysia, Singapore and China. Function Number of Full-Time Employees Office Senior Management 4 Malaysia, Singapore, China Finance and Accounting 4 Malaysia, China Sales & Marketing 7 Malaysia Human Resources & Administrative 2 Malaysia Production & Operation 5 Malaysia, China Research & Development 1 Malaysia Corporate Affairs & Investor Relationship 1 Malaysia Principal Executive Offices Our principal executive office is located at 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 ½ Miles off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Risks Related to Our Business and Industry If we are unable to continue to innovate, meet evolving market trends, adapt to changing customer demands and maintain our culture of innovation, our ability to sustain and grow our business may suffer. The ongoing success of our business depends on our ability to continue to introduce innovative eco-friendly HVAC products to meet evolving market trends and satisfy changing customer demands. We must continue to adapt by innovating, improving our products and modifying our strategies, which could cause us to incur substantial costs. We may not be able to continue to innovate or adapt to changing market and customer needs in a timely and cost-effective manner, if at all. This could adversely impact our ability to expand our ecosystem and grow our business. Failure to develop new products to meet evolving market demands through innovation could cause us to lose current and potential customers and harm our operating results and financial condition. In addition, we may not be able to maintain our culture of innovation, which has been critical to our success and has helped us create value for our shareholders, succeed as a leader in eco-friendly HVAC products, attract, retain and motivate employees and other ecosystem participants. Among other challenges, we may not be able to identify and promote people into leadership positions who share our culture and also focus on technology and innovation. Competitive pressure may also cause us to move in directions that may divert us from our mission, vision and values. If we cannot maintain our culture of innovation, our long-term business prospects could be materially and adversely affected. We operate in a competitive industry, and if we fail to compete effectively, our business could suffer. The air-conditioning and air purifying industry in Asia is highly competitive. Competition in our HVAC products includes several multinational, regional and local companies, the largest players of which include Daikin Industries, Gree Electric, Trane Technologies, Johnson Controls, Lennox International, Midea Group and Mitsubishi Electric. Sales depend on price, product availability, delivery schedule, product performance, product line breadth, brand reputation, design, technical expertise and service. In addition to established players, we face competition from new market entrants. Increased competition may lead to a loss of market share, increased difficulty in launching new service offerings, reduction in revenue or increase in loss, any one of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In certain of our businesses, our contracts are typically awarded on a competitive basis. Our bids are based upon, among other factors, the cost to timely provide the products and services. To generate an acceptable return, we must accurately estimate our costs and schedule. If we fail to do so, the profitability of contracts may be materially and adversely affected – including because some of our contracts provide for liquidated damages if we do not perform on time – which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. 18 | Page If we are unable to create brand influence, we may not be able to maintain current or attract new users and customers for our products. Our operational and financial performance is highly dependent on the strength of our brand. We believe brand familiarity and preference will continue to have a significant role in winning over customers. In order to further expand our customer base, we may need to substantially increase our marketing expenditures to enhance brand awareness through various online and offline means. Moreover, negative coverage in the media of our company could threaten the perception of our brand, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to defuse negative press coverage about our company to the satisfaction of our investors, customers and suppliers. If we are unable to defuse negative press coverage about our company, our brand may suffer in the marketplace, our operational and financial performance may be negatively impacted. Currently, we sell our products, under our various product line brands, to domestic customers in Malaysia and to overseas customers. However, while the management does not consider the likelihood to be high, if our competitors initiate a lawsuit against us for infringing their trademarks, we may be forced to adopt a new brand name for our products. As a result, we may incur additional marketing costs to raise awareness of such new brand name. We may also be ordered to pay a significant amount of damages, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. We operate in a competitive environment and our profitability and competitive position depend on our ability to accurately estimate the costs and timing of providing our products and services. Climate change and regulations associated with climate change could adversely affect our business. The effects of climate change, including extreme weather conditions, create financial risks to our business. The effects of climate change could disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials and by increasing insurance and other operating costs. The effects of climate change also may impact our decisions to construct new facilities or maintain existing facilities in the areas most prone to physical risks, which could similarly increase our operating and material costs. We could also face indirect financial risks pass ing through the supply chain that could result in higher prices for our products and the resources needed to produce them. There is a general consensus that greenhouse gas emissions are linked to climate change, and that these emissions must be reduced dramatically to avert its worst effects. As a result, increased public awareness and concern about climate change will likely continue to (1) generate more international, regional and/or national concerns and result in the implementation of further requirements and restrictions at international, regional and/or national level to curtail the use of high global warming potential refrigerants (which are essential to many of our products); (2) encourage increase in building energy efficiency; and (3) cause a shift away from the use of fossil fuels as an energy source. While our products are focused on being eco-friendly, these requirements may render some of the existing technology, particularly some of our products that require refrigerant use, non-compliant or obsolete. While we continue to be committed to developing eco-friendly sustainable solutions for our products, there can be no assurance that our development efforts will be successful, that our products will be accepted by the market, that proposed regulations or deregulation will not have an adverse effect on our competitive position, or that economic returns will reflect our investments in new product development. The inconsistent international, regional and/or national requirements associated with climate change regulations also create economic and regulatory uncertainty. There is also regulatory and budgetary uncertainty associated with government incentives, which, if discontinued, could adversely impact the demand for energy-efficient buildings and could increase costs of compliance. Our business and financial performance depend on continued and substantial investments in our information technology infrastructure, which may not yield anticipated benefits and which may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks. The efficient operation of our business requires continued and substantial investments in information technology (“IT”) infrastructure systems. The failure to design, develop and implement new IT technology infrastructure systems in an effective and timely manner or to maintain existing systems could divert management’s attention and resources. Our information systems may also become obsolete because of inadequate investments, requiring an unplanned transition to a new platform that could be time consuming, costly, and damaging to our competitive position and could require additional management attention. Repeated or prolonged interruptions of service because of poor execution, inadequate investments or obsolescence could have a significant adverse impact on our reputation and our ability to sell products and services. 19 | Page In addition, our business may be impacted by disruptions to our or third-party IT infrastructure, which could result from (among other causes) cyber-attacks, infrastructure failures or compromises to our physical security. Cyber-based risks are evolving and include attacks: (i) on our IT infrastructure (ii) targeting the security, integrity and/or availability of hardware and software; (iii) on information installed, stored or transmitted in our products (including after the purchase of those products and when they are installed into third-party products); and (iv) on facilities or similar infrastructure. Such attacks could disrupt our systems (or those of third parties) and business operations, impact the ability of our products to work as intended or result in the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction of information in violation of applicable law and/or contractual obligations. We have experienced cyber-based attacks and, due to the evolving threat landscape, may continue to experience them going forward, potentially with more frequency or severity. We continue to make investments and adopt measures to enhance our protection, detection, response and recovery capabilities, and to mitigate potential risks to our technology, products, services, operations and confidential data. However, depending on the nature, sophistication and scope of cyber-attacks, it is possible that potential vulnerabilities could go undetected for an extended period. As a result, we could potentially experience: (i) production downtimes; (ii) operational delays or other detrimental impacts on our operations; (iii) destruction or corruption of data; (iv) security breaches; (v) manipulation or improper use of our or third-party systems, networks or products; and (vi) financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business, liability, penalties, fines and/or damage to our reputation—any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. Due to the evolving nature of such risks, the impact of any potential incident cannot be predicted. In addition, because of the global nature of our business, our internal systems and products must comply with applicable laws, regulations and standards in a number of jurisdictions, and government enforcement actions and violations of data privacy and cybersecurity laws could be costly or interrupt our business operations. Any disruption to our business arising from such issues, or an increase in our costs to cover these issues that is greater than what we have anticipated, could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, reputation, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. We depend on our intellectual property and have access to certain intellectual property and information of our customers and suppliers. Infringement of or the failure to protect that intellectual property could adversely affect our future growth and success. The Company’s intellectual property rights are important to our business and include numerous patents, trademarks, proprietary technology, technical data, business processes and other confidential information. Although we consider our intellectual property rights in the aggregate to be valuable, we do not believe that our business is materially dependent on a single intellectual property right or any group of them. We nonetheless rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, nondisclosure agreements, customer and supplier agreements, license agreements, information technology security systems, internal controls and compliance systems and other measures to protect our intellectual property. We also rely on nondisclosure agreements, information technology security systems and other measures to protect certain customer and supplier information and intellectual property that we have in our possession or to which we have access. Our efforts to protect such intellectual property and proprietary information may not be sufficient, however. We cannot be sure that our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents, that patents issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors, or that these patents will found to be valid or sufficiently broad to preclude our competitors from introducing technologies similar to those covered by our patents and patent applications. In addition, we may be the target of competitor or other third-party patent enforcement actions seeking substantial monetary damages or seeking to prevent the sale and marketing of certain of our products. Our competitive position also may be adversely impacted by limitations on our ability to obtain possession, ownership or necessary licenses concerning data important to the development or sale of our products or service offerings, or by limitations on our ability to restrict the use by others of data related to our products or services. Any of these events or factors could subject us to judgments, penalties and significant litigation costs or temporarily or permanently disrupt our sales and marketing of the affected products or services and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. 20 | Page We use a variety of raw materials and supplier-provided parts in our business. Significant shortages, supplier capacity constraints or production disruptions, price increases, or tariffs could increase our operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of our products. Our reliance on suppliers and commodity markets to secure components and raw materials (such as copper and steel as well as INCU ionic copper solution), and on service providers to deliver our products, exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials and services. That potential volatility is particularly acute in certain instances where we depend upon a single source. Issues with suppliers (such as delivery or production disruptions, capacity constraints, quality issues, consolidations, closings or bankruptcies), price increases, raw material shortages, or the decreased availability of trucks and other delivery services could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. We use various strategies to lock in prices of expected purchases of certain raw materials; however, these efforts could cause us to pay higher prices for a commodity when compared with the market price at the time the commodity is actually purchased or delivered. Tariffs can also increase our costs, the impact of which is difficult to predict. However, we believe that our supply management and production practices appropriately balance the foreseeable risks and the costs of alternative practices. Nonetheless, these risks may have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. We design, manufacture and service products that incorporate advanced technologies. The introduction of new products and technologies involves risks, and we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits initially anticipated. Our future success depends on designing, developing, producing, selling and supporting innovative products that incorporate advanced technologies. The regulations applicable to our products, as well as our customers’ product and service needs, change from time to time. Moreover, regulatory changes may render our products and technologies non-compliant. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our technological advancements or product improvements – including those associated with regulatory changes – depends on a variety of factors, including: meeting development, production, and regulatory approval schedules; meeting performance plans and expectations; the availability of raw materials and parts; our suppliers’ performance; the hiring, training and deployment of qualified personnel; achieving efficiencies; identifying emerging regulatory and technological trends; validating innovative technologies; the level of customer interest in new technologies and products; and the costs and customer acceptance of our new or improved products. Failure to achieve and maintain a high level of product and service quality could damage our reputation with customers and negatively impact our results. Product and service quality issues could harm customer confidence in our company and our brands. If certain of our product offerings do not meet applicable safety standards or our customers’ expectations regarding safety or quality, we can experience lost sales and increased costs and we can and have been exposed to legal, financial and reputational risks. Actual, potential or perceived product safety concerns could expose us to litigation as well as government enforcement actions, which has also occurred in certain instances. In addition, when our products fail to perform as expected, we are exposed to warranty, product liability claims, personal injury and other claims. We maintain strict quality controls and procedures. However, we cannot be certain that these controls and procedures will reveal defects in our products or their raw materials, which may not become apparent until after the products have been placed in use in the market. Accordingly, there is a risk that products will have defects, which could require a product recall. Product recalls can be expensive to implement, and may damage our reputation, customer relationships and market share. In many jurisdictions, product liability claims are not limited to any specified amount of recovery. If any such claims or contribution requests or requirements exceed our available insurance or if there is a product recall, there could be an adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, a recall or claim could require us to review our entire product portfolio to assess whether similar issues are present in other products, which could result in a significant disruption to our business and which could have a further adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. There can be no assurance that we will not experience any material warranty or product liability claim losses in the future, that we will not incur significant costs to defend such claims or that we will have adequate reserves to cover any recalls, repair and replacement costs. 21 | Page We are subject to litigation, environmental, and other legal and compliance risks. We are subject to a variety of litigation, legal and compliance risks. These risks relate to, among other things, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, taxes, environmental matters, employee health and safety, competition laws and laws governing improper business practices. If found responsible in connection with such matters, we could be subject to significant fines, penalties, repayments and other damages (in certain cases, treble damages), and experience reputational harm. On October 8, 2021, a filing (the “Filing”) was made with the Kuala Lumpur High Court by a reseller (the “Reseller”) of the Company’s INCU ionic nano copper solution (the “Solution”) and the Reseller’s related party (together with the Reseller, the “Plaintiffs”). The Reseller was authorized by WKL Eco Earth as its sole distributor of the Solution (the “WKL Distributor”) to resell the Solution together with a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml through a tripartite agreement (the “Tripartite Agreement”) entered into between (a) the Reseller, (b) the WKL Distributor and (c) a solution packaging company (the “Packaging Company”). WKL Eco Earth was not a party to the Tripartite Agreement and did not directly authorize or engage the Reseller in the resale of the Solution. In the Filing, the Plaintiffs claimed against (i) WKL Eco Earth; (ii) Dr. Low; (iii) Chan Kok Wei, (iv) the Packaging Company and (v) two directors of the Packaging Company for loss and damages arising from an alleged breach of contract, defamation and tort of inducement. The Plaintiffs also alleged that pursuant to the Tripartite Agreement, WKL Eco Earth was prohibited from selling the Solution to any party other than the WKL Distributor, and that the Tripartite Agreement allowed for the resale of the Solution by the Plaintiffs without limitation, the Plaintiffs were not confined in their resale of the Solution to a product consisting of a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml. The Company believes the claims are without merit and will defend itself against the claims. On April 9, 2024, a notice of withdrawal was filed with the Kuala Lumpur High Court, whereby it was agreed upon both the Reseller and the Company that the Reseller withdraws their claims in the Filing without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs, and that the Company withdraws its counterclaim against the Reseller without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs. As a global business, we are subject to complex laws and regulations in Malaysia. and other countries in which we operate. Those laws and regulations may be interpreted in different ways. They may also change from time to time, as may related interpretations and other guidance. Changes in laws or regulations could result in higher expenses. Uncertainty relating to laws or regulations may also affect how we operate, structure our investments and enforce our rights. Changes in environmental and climate change related-laws could require additional investments in product designs, which may be more expensive or difficult to manufacture, qualify and sell and/or may involve additional product safety risks and could increase environmental compliance expenditures. At times we are involved in disputes with private parties over environmental issues, including litigation over the allocation of cleanup costs, alleged personal injuries and property damage. Existing and future asbestos-related claims could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. Personal injury lawsuits may involve individual and purported class actions alleging that contaminants originating from our current or former products or operating facilities caused or contributed to medical conditions. Property damage lawsuits may involve claims relating to environmental damage or diminution of real estate values. Even in litigation where we believe our liability is remote, there is a risk that a negative finding or decision could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition, in particular with respect to environmental claims in regions where we have, or previously had, significant operations or where certain of our products have been manufactured and used. Our failure to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations, or effectively manage our employees, customers and business partners, could severely damage our reputation, and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We are subject to risks in relation to actions taken by us, our employees, third-party customers or third-party suppliers that constitute violations of the anti-corruption laws and regulations. While we adopt strict internal procedures and work closely with relevant government agencies to ensure compliance of our business operations with relevant laws and regulations, our efforts may not be sufficient to ensure that we comply with relevant laws and regulations at all times. If we, our employees, third-party customers or third-party suppliers violate these laws, rules or regulations, we could be subject to fines and/or other penalties. Actions by Malaysia regulatory authorities or the courts to provide an alternative interpretation of the laws and regulations or to adopt additional anti-bribery or anti-corruption related regulations could also require us to make changes to our operations. Our reputation, corporate image, and business operations may be materially and adversely affected if we fail to comply with these measures or become the target of any negative publicity as a result of actions taken by us, our employees, third-party customers or third-party suppliers. Our business depends on the continued contributions made by Low Wai Koon (“Dr. Low”), as our founder, chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chairman of the board, the loss of who may result in a severe impediment to our business, results of operation and financial condition. Our success is dependent upon the continued contributions made by founder, chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chairman of the board, Dr. Low. We rely on his expertise in business operations when we are developing our business. We have no “Key Man” insurance to cover the resulting losses in the event that Dr. Low should die or resign. In order to mitigate this risk, the Group has continued to invest in its personnel training as well as investment into its research and development department. However, if Dr. Low cannot serve the Company or is no longer willing to do so, the Company may not be able to find alternatives in a timely manner or at all. This would likely result in severe damage to our business operations and would have an adverse material impact on our financial position and operating results. To sustain our operations, the Company may have to recruit and train replacement personnel at a higher cost. In addition, if Dr. Low joins our competitors or develops similar businesses that are in competition with our Company, our business, results of operation and financial conditions may also be negatively impacted. 22 | Page Risks Related to Doing Business in Malaysia Developments in the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in Malaysia may have a material adverse impact on us. Our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by social, political, regulatory and economic developments in Malaysia. Such political and economic uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks of war, terrorism, nationalism, nullification of contract, changes in interest rates, imposition of capital controls and methods of taxation. According to Economy Outlook 2024 from Ministry of Finance Malaysia, global growth is projected to moderate in 2023 and 2024 following slow growth in advanced economies; volatile financial market due to tightening monetary policy; prolonged geopolitical tensions; and increasing climatic changes. Nevertheless, inflation continues to soften as markets head towards supply chain stabilisation. In addition, world trade is projected to moderate in 2023 in line with weaker global demand. However, global trade is expected to increase in 2024 in tandem with improved trade activity in advanced economies, and emerging market and developing economies (“EMDEs”). In the case of Malaysia, the economy continued to expand amid these persistent challenges in the external environment. During the first half of 2023, GDP posted a growth of 4.2% supported by resilient domestic demand, in particular private expenditure. Recent updates confirm Malaysia’s resilience, with the World Bank revising its 2024 GDP growth forecast to 4.9%, up from 4.3%. This growth is driven by strong domestic demand, trade recovery, and policy initiatives like the National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) and New Industrial Master Plan 2030 (NIMP 2030). Malaysia’s GDP growth reached 5.1% in the first half of 2024, a marked improvement from 4.1% in first half of 2023. This growth has put Malaysia on track to achieve a full-year growth rate in the range of 4.8% to 5.3%, surpassing earlier projections of 4% to 5%. The economy exceeded expectations with first-half growth of 5.1% in 2024, reflecting robust private spending and export recovery. (source: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099100924041013169/p506961179149705518d2e155d032837a3f#:~:text=In%202024%2C%20the%20economy%20is,previous%20forecast%20in%20April... ) (source: https://www.mof.gov.my/portal/en/news/press-release/economic-growth-trumps-expectations-for-two-straight-quarters-in-2024?highlight=WzIwMjVd ) On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization or WHO declared the corona virus or COVID-19 a pandemic. To help counter the transmission of COVID-19, from March 18, 2020 to April 26, 2022, the government of Malaysia initiated Movement Control Orders (“MCO”). The MCO had resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and facilities in Malaysia. Conditional Movement Control Orders were introduced where most business sectors were allowed to operate under strict rules and Standard Operating Procedures mandated by the government of Malaysia, followed by Recovery Movement Control Orders. At the height of the pandemic, on January 12, 2021, the Malaysian government even declared a state of emergency nationwide to combat COVID-19. On April 1, 2022, the Malaysian government announced the country had begun transitioning into the endemic phase with further easing of restrictions. We are witnessing the adverse impact on the purchasing power of consumers in Malaysia, where our products are mainly sold as a direct result of the prolonged pandemic. As such, the extent to which the coronavirus may continue to adversely impact the Malaysian economy is uncertain. In the event that the Malaysia economy suffers, demand for our products may diminish, which would in turn result in our profitability. This could in turn result in a substantial need for restructuring of our business objectives and could result in a partial or entire loss of an investment in our Company. We are subject to foreign exchange control policies in Malaysia. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us may be restricted by the foreign exchange control policies in the countries where we operate. For example, there are foreign exchange policies in Malaysia which support the monitoring of capital flows into and out of the country in order to preserve its financial and economic stability. The foreign exchange policies are administered by the Foreign Exchange Administration, an arm of Bank Negara Malaysia (“BNM”), the central bank of Malaysia. The foreign exchange policies monitor and regulate both residents and non-residents. Under the current Foreign Exchange Administration rules issued by BNM, non-residents are free to repatriate any amount of funds from Malaysia in foreign currency other than the currency of Israel at any time (subject to limited exceptions), including capital, divestment proceeds, profits, dividends, rental, fees and interest arising from investment in Malaysia, subject to any withholding tax. In the event BNM or any other country where we operate introduces any restrictions in the future, we may be affected in our ability to repatriate dividends or other payments from our subsidiaries in Malaysia or in such other countries. Since we are a holding company and rely principally on dividends and other payments from our subsidiaries for our cash requirements, any restrictions on such dividends or other payments could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operation. 23 | Page Many of the economies in Asia, including Singapore, are experiencing substantial inflationary pressures which may prompt the governments to take action to control the growth of the economy and inflation that could lead to a significant decrease in our profitability in the future. While many of the economies in Asia have experienced rapid growth over the last two decades, they currently are experiencing inflationary pressures. As governments take steps to address the current inflationary pressures, there may be significant changes in the availability of bank credit, interest rate increases, limitations on loans, or restrictions on currency conversions and foreign investment. There also may be imposition of price controls. If prices for the products we source or if wages rise at a rate that is insufficient to compensate for the rise in these costs, it may have an adverse effect on our profitability. If these or other similar restrictions are imposed by a government to influence the economy, it may lead to a slowing of economic growth. Singapore’s core inflation declined to 2.1% on a year-on-year (y-o-y) basis in October 2024, compared to 2.8% in September 2024. This was due to a moderation in services, electricity & gas, and retail & other goods inflation. CPI (consumer price index)—All Items inflation eased to 1.4% year-over-year in October 2024, from 2.0% in September 2024. (source: https://www.mas.gov.sg/-/media/mas-media-library/news/consumer-price-developments/2024/inflation202410.pdf While this inflationary trend will result in higher operational costs, we believe that this also strengthens our value proposition by emphasizing potential savings to customers through improved productivity and workflow efficiency derived from our technology solutions. To mitigate inflationary pressures, we will regularly review our pricing structure to ensure sustainable profitability. Risks Related to Intellectual Property If we are not able to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property and information, and protect against third party claims that we are infringing on their intellectual property rights, our results of operations could be adversely affected. The value of our business depends in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property including our patents applications and trademarks, as well as our customer, employee, and customer data. Third parties may try to challenge our ownership of our intellectual property in Asia and around the world. In addition, intellectual property rights and protections in Malaysia may be insufficient to protect material intellectual property rights. Further, our business is subject to the risk of third parties counterfeiting our products or infringing on our intellectual property rights. The steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property. We may need to resort to litigation to protect our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. If we fail to protect our proprietary intellectual property and information, including with respect to any successful challenge to our ownership of intellectual property or material infringements of our intellectual property, this failure could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, or if we are accused of infringing on the intellectual property rights of others, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce or defend our rights. Our commercial success will depend in part on our success in obtaining and maintaining patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights in Malaysia and elsewhere and protecting our proprietary technology. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, competitors may be able to use our technologies or the goodwill we have acquired in the marketplace and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability. We cannot provide any assurances that any of our pending patent applications that mature into issued patents will include a scope sufficient to protect our products, any additional features we develop for our products or any new products. Other parties may have developed technologies that may be related or competitive to our system, may have filed or may file patent applications and may have received or may receive patents that overlap or conflict with our patent applications, either by claiming the same methods or devices or by claiming subject matter that could dominate our patent position. Our patent position may involve complex legal and factual questions, and, therefore, the scope, validity and enforceability of any patent claims that we may obtain cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented. Proceedings challenging our patents could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. In addition, such proceedings may be costly. Thus, any patents that we may own may not provide any protection against competitors. Furthermore, an adverse decision in an interference proceeding can result in a third party receiving the patent right sought by us, which in turn could affect our ability to commercialize our products. 24 | Page Though an issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable, its issuance is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Competitors could purchase our products and attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe our intellectual property rights, design around our patents, or develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. We may be unable to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, suppliers, vendors, former employees and current employees. Our ability to enforce our patent rights depends on our ability to detect infringement. It may be difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components that are used in their products. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded if we were to prevail may not be commercially meaningful. In addition, proceedings to enforce or defend our patents could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly. Such proceedings could also provoke third parties to assert claims against us, including that some or all of the claims in one or more of our patents are invalid or otherwise unenforceable. If any of our patents covering our products are invalidated or found unenforceable, or if a court found that valid, enforceable patents held by third parties covered one or more of our products, our competitive position could be harmed or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce or defend our rights. The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that: ● any of our pending patent applications, if issued, will include claims having a scope sufficient to protect our products; ● any of our pending patent applications will be issued as patents; ● we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions; ● others will not develop similar or alternative technologies that do not infringe our patents; any of our patents will be found to ultimately be valid and enforceable; ● any patents issued to us will provide a basis for an exclusive market for our commercially viable products, will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties; ● we will develop additional proprietary technologies or products that are separately patentable; or ● our commercial activities or products will not infringe upon the patents of others. We rely, in part, upon unpatented know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position. Further, our trade secrets could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. 25 | Page Risks Relating to Our Securities There may not be sufficient liquidity in the market for our securities in order for investors to sell their securities. There is currently only a limited public market for our ordinary share, which is listed on the Over-the-Counter Pink Sheets, and there can be no assurance that a trading market will develop further or be maintained in the future. Volatility in our shares price may subject us to securities litigation. The market for our shares may have, when compared to seasoned issuers, significant price volatility and we expect that our share price may continue to be more volatile than that of a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities and could divert management’s attention and resources. Our ordinary share may be considered a “penny stock” and may be difficult to sell. The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define a “penny stock” to be an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. The market price of our ordinary share is less than $5.00 per share and, therefore, it may be designated as a “penny stock” according to SEC rules. This designation requires any broker or dealer selling these securities to disclose certain information concerning the transaction, obtain a written agreement from the purchaser and determine that the purchaser is reasonably suitable to purchase the securities. These rules may restrict the ability of brokers or dealers to sell our ordinary share and may affect the ability of investors to sell their shares. The market for penny stocks has experienced numerous frauds and abuses, which could adversely impact investors in our stock. OTC Pink Sheet securities are frequent targets of fraud or market manipulation, both because of their generally low prices and because OTC Pink Sheet reporting requirements are less stringent than those of the stock exchanges or NASDAQ. Patterns of fraud and abuse include: ● Control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; ● Manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; ● “Boiler room” practices involving high pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; ● Excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and mark-ups by selling broker-dealers; and ● Wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, along with the inevitable collapse of those prices with consequent investor losses. ● Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market . We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our stock. We have never paid any cash dividends on our ordinary share and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our ordinary share in the foreseeable future and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our stock. We plan to retain any future earnings to finance growth. We are a “smaller reporting company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors. We are currently a “smaller reporting company”, meaning that we are not an investment company, an asset- backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company that is not a smaller reporting company and annual revenues of less than $50.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. In the event that we are still considered a “smaller reporting company,” at such time as we cease being an “emerging growth company,” we will be required to provide additional disclosure in our SEC filings. However, similar to an “emerging growth companies”, “smaller reporting companies” are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a “smaller reporting company” may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. 26 | Page General Risks Natural disasters, epidemics or other unexpected events may disrupt our operations, adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and may not be fully covered by insurance. The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, power outages or other unexpected events, including hurricanes, fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods and other forms of severe weather, health epidemics, pandemics (including COVID-19) or other contagious outbreaks, conflicts, wars or terrorist acts, in the U.S. or in other countries in which we or our suppliers or customers operate could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Natural disasters, power outages or other unexpected events could damage or close one or more of our facilities or disrupt our operations temporarily or long-term, such as by causing business interruptions or by affecting the availability and/or cost of materials needed for manufacturing. We have only one factory and another assembly line that can manufacture a specific product or product line. As a result, damage to or the closure of that factory may disrupt or prevent us from manufacturing certain products. Existing insurance arrangements may not cover all of the costs or lost cash flows that may arise from such events. The occurrence of any of these events could also increase our insurance and other operating costs or harm our sales. We may be affected by global economic, capital market and political conditions, and conditions in the construction, transportation and infrastructure industries in particular. Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be adversely affected by changes in global economic conditions and geopolitical risks and conditions, including credit market conditions, levels of consumer and business confidence, fluctuations in residential, commercial and industrial construction activity, pandemic health issues (including COVID-19 and its effects), natural disasters, commodity prices, energy costs, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, levels of government spending and deficits, trade policies (including tariffs, boycotts and sanctions), regulatory changes, actual or anticipated default on sovereign debt and other challenges that could affect the global economy. These economic and political conditions affect our business in a number of ways. Additionally, the tightening of credit in the capital markets could adversely affect the ability of our customers, including individual end-customers and businesses, to obtain financing for significant purchases and operations, which could result in a decrease in or cancellation of orders for our products and services. Similarly, tightening credit may adversely affect our supply base and increase the potential for one or more of our suppliers to experience financial distress or bankruptcy. Additionally, because we have a number of factories and suppliers in foreign countries, the imposition of tariffs or sanctions or unusually restrictive border crossing rules could adversely affect our supply chain, operations and overall business. Our business and financial performance is also adversely affected by decreases in the general level of economic activity, such as decreases in business and consumer spending and construction (both residential and commercial as well as remodelling). Our business success depends on attracting and retaining qualified personnel. Our ability to sustain and grow our business requires us to hire, retain and develop a highly skilled and diverse management team and workforce. Failure to ensure that we have leadership with the necessary skill sets and experience could impede our ability to deliver our growth objectives, execute our strategic plan and effectively transition our leadership. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company’s principal executive office is located at 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 ½ Miles off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We also have an office located in Cambodia located at R01 of House No 62Z Street 274, Village 04, Sangkat Tonle Basak, Khan Chamkamorn, Phnom Pehnh, Cambodia and an office located in China at Shunde Western Ecological Industry Startup Zone D-08-01 (Foshan City, Shunde District, Xingtan Town, Depin Road no.1, Level 3). ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS On October 8, 2021, a filing (the “Filing”) was made with the Kuala Lumpur High Court by a reseller (the “Reseller”) of the Company’s INCU ionic nano copper solution (the “Solution”) and the Reseller’s related party (together with the Reseller, the “Plaintiffs”). The Reseller was authorized by WKL Eco Earth’s sole distributor of the Solution (the “WKL Distributor”) to resell the Solution together with a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml through a tripartite agreement (the “Tripartite Agreement”) entered into between (a) the Reseller, (b) the WKL Distributor and (c) a solution packaging company (the “Packaging Company”). WKL Eco Earth was not a party to the Tripartite Agreement and did not directly authorize or engage the Reseller in the resale of the Solution. In the Filing, the Plaintiffs claimed against (i) WKL Eco Earth; (ii) Dr. Low; (iii) Chan Kok Wei, (iv) the Packaging Company and (v) two directors of the Packaging Company for loss and damages arising from an alleged breach of contract, defamation and tort of inducement. The Plaintiffs also alleged that pursuant to the Tripartite Agreement, WKL Eco Earth was prohibited from selling the Solution to any party other than the WKL Distributor and allow for the resale of the Solution by the Plaintiffs without limitation, and that the Plaintiffs were not confined in their resale of the Solution to a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml. On April 9, 2024, a notice of withdrawal was filed with the Kuala Lumpur High Court, whereby it was agreed upon both the Reseller and the Company that the Reseller withdraws their claims in the Filing without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs, and that the Company withdraws its counterclaim against the Reseller without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES No report required. 27 | Page PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES MARKET INFORMATION The registrant had 27,180,631 shares of our Common Stock par value, $0.001 issued and outstanding as of November 27, 2024. There were 312 record holders of our common stock. DIVIDENDS We have never paid or declared any dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS We currently do not have any equity compensation plans. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Not Applicable. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements, including the notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include but are not limited to those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in United States Dollars and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Plan of Operation and Funding We expect that working capital requirements will continue to be funded through internally generated funds and proceeds from issuances of securities. Our working capital requirements are expected to increase in line with the growth of our business. Existing working capital, proceeds from issuance of securities, further advances, and anticipated cash flow are expected to be adequate to fund our operations over the next twelve months. We have no lines of credit or other bank financing arrangements. Generally, we have financed operations to date through internally generated funds, advances and proceeds from issuance of securities. In connection with our business plan, management anticipates additional increases in operating expenses and capital expenditures relating to: (i) research and development; (ii) expansion of product offerings; (iii) geographical expansion; and (iv) marketing expenses. We intend to finance these expenses with further issuances of securities and advances. Thereafter, we expect we will need to raise additional capital and generate revenue to meet long-term operating requirements. Additional issuances of equity will result in dilution to our current shareholders. Further, such securities might have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to our common stock. Additional financing may not be available upon acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of prospective new business endeavors or opportunities, which could significantly and materially restrict our business operations. Results of Operations The following table sets forth certain selected statement of operations data for the financial year indicated in U.S. Dollars. In addition, we note that the year-to-year comparison may not be indicative of future performance. The following summary of our operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the financial years ended August 31 (“FYE”), 2024, and 2023, which are included herein. Year Ended August 31, 2024 2023 Changes % Revenue $ 314,719 $ 388,038 $ (73,319 ) (19 )% Cost of revenue 323,038 424,189 (101,151 ) (24 )% Gross loss (8,319 ) (36,151 ) 27,832 77 % Operating expenses 26,311,487 6,097,019 20,214,468 332 % Loss from operations (26,319,806 ) (6,133,170 ) (20,186,636 ) (329 )% Other income/(expense) 4,410 (184,203 ) 188,613 102 % Net Loss (26,315,396 ) (6,317,373 ) (19,998,023 ) (317 )% Revenue The Group recorded a revenue of $314,719 for FYE 2024, representing a decrease of approximately $73,319, or 19%, compared to FYE 2023 revenue of $388,038. This decline was primarily driven by a reduction in sales of our eco-friendly air-conditioning units, particularly our flagship product, EvoAir™, which is a pioneering hybrid air-conditioner designed with a proprietary HECS system. As the first mover in the eco-friendly air-conditioning market, the Group encountered both significant opportunities and challenges during the year. The EvoAir™ air-conditioner, which is either granted a patent or utility model pending, presented unique challenges related to its certifications and testings. Specifically, while working with relevant authorities and organizations to apply for the necessary safety and performance certifications and approvals, the Group encountered difficulties in having our product appropriately categorized within the existing frameworks for conventional air conditioners. In certain cases, the authorities lacked the equipment or resources to conduct the required tests. Despite these challenges, the Group actively engaged in educating and collaborating with these organizations to resolve compliance and testing issues. A positive outcome of this effort was the recommendation from one of the authorities to apply under a newly established category: ‘Hybrid Air Conditioners.’ However, this process, due to its novelty, was more time-consuming than the typical certification processes for traditional air-conditioning systems. In addition to certification challenges, the adoption of EvoAir™ by corporate clients also experienced delays. While the Group received significant interest from several corporate clients who were impressed with the product’s potential for energy savings and performance, many of them undertook additional studies to evaluate the long-term benefits of EvoAir™. This independent research and assessment by potential customers resulted in extended decision-making timelines. Despite these hurdles, the Group remains optimistic about the long-term potential of EvoAir™. We are steadily building momentum and expanding the product’s reach across various markets, including residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. This is being achieved through the development of strategic distribution channels, project collaborations, and private labelling and licensing models. The Group remains committed to strengthening the traction of EvoAir™ and driving its adoption across diverse market segments, positioning ourselves for future growth in the emerging eco-friendly air-conditioning space. We remain confident in the long-term prospects of EvoAir™ and are focused on continuing to innovate and address challenges, with a view to establishing the product as a leading solution in the sustainable cooling market. 28 | Page Cost of revenue The Company recorded a cost of revenue of $323,038 for FYE 2024, which represents 103% of total revenue, compared to $424,189, or 109% of revenue, in FYE 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue is consistent with the decline in sales of our eco-friendly air conditioning products and reflects improvements in our overall cost structure. The cost of revenue encompasses production costs and the purchase of goods. The reduction in cost of revenue as a percentage of sales reflects both the lower volume of sales and the Company’s ongoing efforts to optimize production efficiencies and manage costs. These efforts include streamlining procurement processes and enhancing cost management, which have contributed to the improvement in our overall cost of revenue despite the sales decline. Looking ahead, the Company remains focused on further optimizing its cost structure and maintaining efficiencies as it continues to scale its operations and expand its product offerings. Gross (loss) The Company reported a gross loss of $8,319 for FYE 2024, representing 3% of revenue. This reflects a significant improvement compared to the gross loss of $36,151 in the FYE 2023, which constituted 9% of revenue. The improvement in gross loss margin from FYE 2023 to FYE 2024 was primarily driven by a strategic reduction in the overall cost of revenue. These efforts included more efficient cost management, supplier renegotiations, and optimized production processes. This progress underscores the Company’s commitment to enhancing operational efficiency and moving toward sustained profitability. Management will continue to focus on cost control measures and revenue growth initiatives to build on this positive momentum in the upcoming financial periods. Operating expenses Operating expenses for FYE 2024 amounted to $26,311,487, reflecting a 332% increase compared to $6,097,019 recorded in FYE 2023. This increase of $20,214,468 was primarily attributable to an increase in technology-related intangible asset impairment and net off with the decrease in general administrative expenses since the IPO related offering cost has been capitalized. Key components of operating expenses included salaries and related expenses, commissions, rental costs, patent and trademark application/renewal fees, professional and compliance fees. The Company remains focused on prudent cost management to maintain operational efficiency while supporting strategic initiatives for growth and value creation. Other income/ (expenses) Other income for FYE 2024 was not material. By comparison, in FYE 2023, other income primarily comprised realized foreign exchange losses. The minimal impact of other income in FYE 2024 reflects a limited exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations. Management remains committed to monitoring external factors that may affect foreign exchange losses and will take proactive measures to mitigate any potential risks in the future. Net loss The Company reported a loss from operations before income taxes of $26,315,369 for FYE 2024, compared to $6,317,373 for FYE 2023. Apart from the technology-related intangible asset impairment, the continued net loss is primarily attributable to the Company’s strategic investments in building the necessary infrastructure and resources to support its business expansion objectives. Additionally, the lack of economies of scale during this growth phase has impacted the bottom line. Management remains confident that these investments will position the Company for long-term growth and profitability as it scales operations and capitalizes on emerging opportunities. Strategies to enhance operational efficiencies and achieve economies of scale are key priorities moving forward. Liquidity and Capital Resources Working capital Year Ended August 31, 2024 2023 Changes % Current assets $ 790,752 $ 2,071,164 $ (1,280,412 ) (62 )% Current liabilities 1,684,638 964,642 719,996 75 % Working capital (893,886 ) 1,106,522 (2,000,408 ) (181 )% As of August 31, 2024, our company’s current liabilities stood at $1,684,638, which included accounts payable and accruals of $267,900, other payables of $95,831, deferred revenue $10,012, current portion hire purchase creditor $ 8,758 , amount due to shareholders $1,202,692, and current portion operating lease liabilities of $ 99.445 . The increase in current liabilities was mainly attributable to amount due to shareholders. 29 | Page As of August 31, 2024, the Company had a deficit working capital of $ 893,886 compared with the positive working capital of $1,106,522 as of August 31, 2023. The drop in working capital for the comparative figures was mainly attributable to the decrease in cash proceeds from issuance of common stock or capital contribution, decrease in deposits, prepayments and other receivables, increase in accounts payable and accruals and the increase in amount owing to shareholders. The decline in working capital underscores the Company’s strategic use of resources to support ongoing operations and investments during a critical growth phase. Management is actively monitoring the Company’s liquidity position and evaluating strategies to enhance working capital and ensure sustainable financial stability. Cash flows Year Ended August 31, 2024 2023 Changes % Cash flows generated from / (used in) operating activities $ 30,822 $ (1,674,395 ) $ 1,705,217 102 % Cash flows used in investing activities (146,269 ) (14,189 ) (132,080 ) (931 )% Cash flows (used in) / generated from financing activities (456,253 ) 2,392,710 (2,848,963 ) (119 )% Net changes in cash (571,700 ) 704,126 (1,275,826 ) (181 )% The Company generated net cash from operating activities of $30,822 for FYE 2024, compared to a net cash outflow of $1,674,395 in FYE 2023. The improvement in cash flow from operating activities mainly attributable to a reduction of $170,431 in inventory levels, significant decreases in deposits, prepayments, and advances to suppliers, contributing $502,701 to cash flow and increased support from shareholders, with amounts due to shareholders rising by $970,597. These improvements were partially offset by reductions in deferred revenue and increased accounts payable and accruals. As of August 31, 2024, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents stood at $152,985. The improved operating cash flow reflects the Company’s ongoing efforts to optimize cost efficiency positioning it for sustainable growth. During the FYE 2024, cash used in investing activities amounted to $146,269. This was primarily attributable to capital expenditures for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, reflecting the company’s continued investments in operational infrastructure to support its long-term growth stategy. Cash used in financing activities for FYE 2024 totaled $456,253, consisting of $6,677 for hire purchase payments and $449,576 related to the payment of offering cots. Seasonality The Company’s business is not subject to seasonality. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. As of the date of this Annual Report, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. Critical Accounting Policies Revenue recognition Our revenue recognition policy is in compliance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers whereby revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amount of revenue that is recorded reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. We apply the following five-step model to determine this amount: (i) identification of the promised goods and services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods and services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. 30 | Page We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, we review the contract to determine which performance obligations we must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. We recognize as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied or as it is satisfied. Generally, our performance obligations are transferred to customers at a point in time, typically upon delivery for local sales and upon shipment of the products for export sale. For all reporting periods, we have not disclosed the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for all product revenue contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, which is an optional exemption that is permitted under the adopted rules. Estimates and Assumptions In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures. Our estimates are often based on complex judgments, probabilities, and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. We are also subject to other risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated amounts. Significant estimates in FYE 2024 and 2023 include the assumptions used to value tax liabilities, derivative financial instruments, estimates of the allowance for deferred tax assets, accounts receivable allowance, impairment of long-lived assets and inventory write-offs. Going Concern The Company’s financial statements as of August 31, 2024, is prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not yet established a sustainable ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. As of August 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $39,401,857 and $13,523,266 respectively. The Company incurred net loss of $26,315,396 and $6,317,373 for the years ended August 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The cash generated from operating activities was $30,822 for the year ended August 31, 2024, the cash used in operating activities was $1,674,395 for the year ended August 31, 2023. It was brought to the attention of the Management to assess going concern considering all facts and circumstances about the foreseeable future of the Company as well as its assets and liabilities on the basis that it will be able to realize and discharge them in the normal course of business. To address these challenges and ensure the Company’s long-term viability, Management has developed a strategic plan focused on the continued development and expansion of its HVAC business. Key initiatives include: ● Expansion of Product Offerings: Broadening the range of HVAC products to meet diverse market needs. ● Geographical Expansion: Penetrating new markets to drive revenue growth. ● Revenue Diversification: Expanding customer segments across retail, commercial, industrial, and project-based clients, as well as private label and licensing opportunities. ● Improved Profitability: Achieving economies of scale through operational efficiencies and growth. Additionally, the Company is actively pursuing plans to raise additional funding to support operations and business expansion. This includes preparations to uplist on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which is expected to enhance access to capital and further strengthen the Company’s financial position. The consolidated financial have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and accordingly financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern . Material Commitments We have no material commitments as of August 31, 2024. 31 | Page Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock and amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. In addition, this ASU improves and amends the related earnings per share guidance. This standard becomes effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2024. Adoption is either a modified retrospective method or a fully retrospective method of transition. The Company adopted this guidance effective September 1, 2023, and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 provides guidance for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses model. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Recently, the FASB issued the final ASU to delay adoption for smaller reporting companies for discal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on September 1, 2023, and it did not have a material impact on out consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Unadopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU aims to improve segment disclosures through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard requires disclosure of significant expense categories and amounts for such expenses, including those segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, easily computable from information that is regularly provided, or significant expenses that are expressed in a form other than actual amounts. This standard will be effective for the Company in Fiscal Year 2025 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the additional disclosure requirements on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, a final standard on improvements to income tax disclosures which applies to all entities subject to income taxes. The standard requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. This standard will be effective for the Company in Fiscal Year 2026 and should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the additional disclosure requirements on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by Management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Not Applicable. 32 | Page ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of EvoAir Holdings Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EvoAir Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) as of August 31, 2024 and 2023, the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related notes to the financial statements and schedule (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of August 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going concern uncertainty The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As disclosed in Note 3 to the financial statements, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $39,401,857. The Company incurred net loss of $26,315,396 for the year ended August 31, 2024. The cash generated from operating activities was $30,822 for the year ended August 31, 2024. The Company has accumulated losses since inception which raise doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Audit Alliance LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021. Singapore November 29, 2024 (PCAOB ID No. 3487 ) 33 | Page EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In U.S. Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated) AS OF AUGUST 31, 2024 AND 2023 August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 152,985 $ 779,049 Accounts receivable 62,914 44,130 Inventories 460,047 630,478 Deposit, prepayments and other receivables 114,806 617,507 Total current assets 790,752 2,071,164 Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment, net 357,778 463,387 Operating lease right-of-use assets 199,647 271,021 Deferred offering cost 449,576 - Technology-related intangible assets, net 51,481,358 76,218,786 Total non-current assets 52,488,359 76,953,194 TOTAL ASSETS $ 53,279,111 $ 79,024,358 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable and accruals $ 267,900 $ 170,888 Other payables 95,831 27,487 Deferred revenue 10,012 440,069 Hire purchase creditor 8,758 9,224 Amounts due to shareholders 1,202,692 232,095 Operating lease liabilities 99,445 84,879 Total current liabilities 1,684,638 964,642 Non-current liabilities Hire purchase creditor 4,320 10,531 Operating lease liabilities 108,891 198,163 Total non-current liabilities 113,211 208,694 TOTAL LIABILITIES 1,797,849 1,173,336 Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) - - Shareholders’ equity Common stock, 250,000,000 authorized; $ 0.001 par value, 25,685,591 and 25,577,734 shares issued and outstanding as at August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 * 25,686 25,578 Additional paid in capital 91,513,818 90,447,874 Shares to be issued - 1,066,052 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 48,827 ) ( 17,036 ) Accumulated deficit ( 39,401,857 ) ( 13,523,266 ) Non-controlling interest ( 607,558 ) ( 148,180 ) Total shareholders’ equity 51,481,262 77,851,022 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 53,279,111 $ 79,024,358 * Retroactively presented to reflect 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 11, 2024. The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 34 | Page EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In U.S. Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated) FOR THE YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31, 2024 AND 2023 August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Revenue $ 314,719 388,038 Cost of revenue 323,038 424,189 Gross loss ( 8,319 ) ( 36,151 ) Operating expenses: Selling and marketing expenses 61,211 33,531 General and administrative expenses 26,250,276 6,063,488 Total operating expenses 26,311,487 6,097,019 Loss from operation ( 26,319,806 ) ( 6,133,170 ) Other income/(expense) Interest income/(expense) 142 ( 11 ) Other income/(expense) 4,268 ( 184,192 ) Total other income/(expense) 4,410 ( 184,203 ) Loss from operation before income taxes ( 26,315,396 ) ( 6,317,373 ) Income tax expenses - - Net loss $ ( 26,315,396 ) $ ( 6,317,373 ) Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests ( 436,805 ) ( 259,480 ) Net loss attributable to equity holders of the Company ( 25,878,591 ) ( 6,057,893 ) Other comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation adjustment ( 54,364 ) ( 77,381 ) Total comprehensive loss ( 25,932,955 ) ( 6,135,274 ) Less: net comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests ( 22,573 ) ( 5,535 ) Net comprehensive loss attributable to equity holders of the Company ( 25,910,382 ) ( 6,129,739 ) Net loss attributable to equity holders of the Company per common share: Basic and diluted* ( 1.01 ) ( 0.24 ) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic and diluted 25,678,138 25,505,879 * Retroactively presented to reflect 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 11, 2024. The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 35 | Page EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (In U.S. Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated) FOR THE YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31, 2024 AND 2023 shares amount capital deficit income be issued interests Total Common Stock Additional paid in Accumulated Accumulated other comprehensive Shares to Non-controlling Shares* amount capital deficit income be issued interests Total Balance as of August 31, 2022 25,463,349 $ 25,464 $ 89,202,262 $ ( 7,465,373 ) $ 65,880 $ 75,000 $ ( 58,754 ) $ 81,844,479 Capital contribution - - 101,998 - - 164,519 266,517 Issuance of common stock for Cash 114,385 114 1,143,614 - - 991,052 - 2,134,780 Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - - ( 82,916 ) - 5,535 ( 77,381 ) Net loss - - - ( 6,057,893 ) - - ( 259,480 ) ( 6,317,373 ) Balance as of August 31, 2023 25,577,734 $ 25,578 $ 90,447,874 $ ( 13,523,266 ) $ ( 17,036 ) $ 1,066,052 $ ( 148,180 ) $ 77,851,022 Balance * 25,577,734 $ 25,578 $ 90,447,874 $ ( 13,523,266 ) $ ( 17,036 ) $ 1,066,052 $ ( 148,180 ) $ 77,851,022 Issuance of common stock for Cash 93,455 94 934,504 - - ( 934,598 ) - - Issuance of common stock for service 14,402 14 131,440 - - ( 131,454 ) - - Foreign currency translation adjustment - - - - ( 31,791 ) - ( 22,573 ) ( 54,364 ) Net loss - - - ( 25,878,591 ) - - ( 436,805 ) ( 26,315,396 ) Balance as of August 31, 2024 25,685,591 $ 25,686 $ 91,513,818 $ ( 39,401,857 ) $ ( 48,827 ) $ - $ ( 607,558 ) $ 51,481,262 Balance 25,685,591 $ 25,686 $ 91,513,818 $ ( 39,401,857 ) $ ( 48,827 ) $ - $ ( 607,558 ) $ 51,481,262 * Retroactively presented to reflect 1-for-4 reverse stock split effective on September 11, 2024. The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 36 | Page EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In U.S. Dollars, except share data or otherwise stated) FOR THE YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31, 2024 AND 2023 August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ ( 26,315,396 ) ( 6,317,373 ) Adjustments for non-cash income and expenses: Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 251,878 132,170 Amortization of technology-related intangible assets 4,157,388 4,157,389 Technology-related intangible asset impairment 20,580,040 - Property, plant and equipment impairment and abandonments - 21,387 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/decrease in accounts receivables ( 18,784 ) 41,830 Decrease/(increase) in inventories 170,431 ( 11,482 ) Decrease in deposit, prepayments and advances to suppliers 502,701 214,159 Decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets 71,374 170,999 Increase/(decrease) in accounts payable and accruals 97,012 ( 45,942 ) Decrease in deferred revenue ( 430,057 ) ( 73,003 ) Decrease in operating lease liabilities ( 74,706 ) ( 189,830 ) Increase/(decrease) in other payables 68,344 ( 4,493 ) Increase in amounts due to shareholders 970,597 229,794 Net cash generated from /(used in) operations $ 30,822 $ ( 1,674,395 ) Cash flows from investing activity Purchase of property, plant and equipment ( 146,269 ) ( 14,189 ) Cash used in investing activity $ ( 146,269 ) $ ( 14,189 ) Cash flows from financing activities Payments of hire purchase ( 6,677 ) ( 8,587 ) Payment of offering costs ( 449,576 ) - Proceeds from issuance of common stock - 1,143,728 Proceeds from shares to be issued - 991,052 Proceeds from capital contribution - 266,517 Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities $ ( 456,253 ) $ 2,392,710 Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents ( 571,700 ) 704,126 Effect of exchange rate changes ( 54,364 ) ( 77,381 ) Cash and cash equivalents at start of year 779,049 152,304 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 152,985 779,049 The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 37 | Page EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED AUGUST 31, 2024, AND 2023 NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS EvoAir Holdings Inc. (formerly Unex Holdings Inc.) (the “Company”, “EVOH”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a corporation established under the corporation laws in the State of Nevada, United States of America (“U.S”) on February 17, 2017. The Company has adopted an August 31 fiscal year end. On December 20, 2021, the Company and Low Wai Koon (“Dr. Low”) entered into a share transfer agreement, (the “EvoAir International Share Transfer Agreement”), pursuant to which Dr. Low agreed to sell all of his ordinary shares of EvoAir International Limited (“EvoAir International”) to the Company for a consideration of US$ 100 (“EvoAir Transaction”). EvoAir International, through its subsidiaries upon completion of the Transactions (defined hereunder), is engaged in the research and development (“R&D”), manufacturing, trading, sale of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (“HVAC”) products and related services in Asia. Pursuant to the terms of a share transfer agreement dated December 20, 2021, Dr. Low, the then sole executive officer and director of the Company and the owner of 2,000,000 restricted shares of common stock, with par value of $ 0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) of the Company (“EvoAir Shares”) representing approximately 67.34 % of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, sold his entire shareholding of the Company to WKL Global Limited (“WKL Global”) for an aggregate consideration of $ 100 (“Change of Control Transaction”). Upon completion of the Change of Control Transaction, WKL Global owned 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 67.34 % of the then issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Company, which resulted in a change of control of the Company. On December 20, 2021, several transactions took place (together, the “Allotment Transactions”) whereby the Company issued and allotted in aggregate 98,809,323 ordinary shares of Common Stock to certain parties. On completion of the Allotment Transactions, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company were 101,779,323 (“Then Enlarged Share Capital”): (A) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low and Chan Kok Wei entered into a share exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd (“WKL Eco Earth Holdings”), pursuant to which Dr. Low and Chan Kok Wei agreed to sell all their ordinary shares of WKL Green Energy Sdn Bhd (“WKL Green Energy”) to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance to WKL Global and Allegro Investment (BVI) Limited (“Allegro Investment”), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) with 50 % shareholdings held by Chan Kok Wei and Ong Bee Chen, respectively, of 24,000 shares and 6,000 EvoAir Shares, respectively, or approximately 0.02 % and 0.01 % of the Then Enlarged Share Capital, respectively. 38 | Page (B) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low, Chan Kok Wei, Ong Bee Chen and certain sellers (“WKLEE Sellers”) entered into a share exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, pursuant to which Dr. Low, Chan Kok Wei, Ong Bee Chen and WKLEE Sellers agreed to sell all their ordinary shares of WKL Eco Earth Sdn Bhd (“WKL Eco Earth”) to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance to WKL Global, Allegro Investment and WKLEE Sellers of 49,320 EvoAir Shares, 8,280 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 14,400 shares, respectively, or approximately 0.05 %, 0.009 % and in aggregate 0.014 %, respectively, of the Then Enlarged Share Capital. (C) On December 20, 2021, Tan Soon Hock, Ivan Oh Joon Wern and certain relevant interest holders (“Relevant Interest Holders”) entered into an investment exchange agreement with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, pursuant to which Tan Soon Hock, Ivan Oh Joon Wern and the Relevant Interest Holders agreed to sell all relevant interests in the EvoAir International and its subsidiaries to WKL Eco Earth Holdings in consideration for the allotment and issuance of 7,037,762 EvoAir Shares, 2,520,000 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 6,001,794 EvoAir shares, respectively, or approximately 6.91 %, 2.48 % and in aggregate 5.90 %, respectively, of the Then Enlarged Share Capital. The board of directors and majority shareholders of the Company have approved the transaction. (D) On December 20, 2021, Dr. Low entered into two deeds of assignment of intellectual properties with WKL Eco Earth Holdings, in respect of Dr. Low’s patents and patent applications relating to eco-friendly air-conditioner condenser (external unit), evoair TM and the trademarks and trademark applications described in the deeds of assignment thereunder, and in respect of Dr. Low’s patents and patents applications relating to the portable air-conditioner, e-Cond EVO TM and the trademarks and trademark applications as described in the deeds of assignment thereunder (together, the “IP Assignments”). Pursuant to the IP Assignments, WKL Global, Allegro Investment and certain nominees shall be allotted and issued 63,362,756 EvoAir Shares, 14,297,259 EvoAir Shares and in aggregate 5,487,752 EvoAir Shares, respectively or approximately 62.25 %, 14.05 % and in aggregate 5.39 %, respectively of the Then Enlarged Share Capital in consideration for the IP Assignments. EvoAir Transaction, Change of Control Transaction and Allotment Transactions are collectively referred to as the “Transactions”. The closing of the Transactions (“Closing”) occurred on December 20, 2021 (the “Closing Date”). 39 | Page From and after the Closing Date, at which time EvoAir International transferred its HVAC business to the Company, the Company’s primary operations will consist of the prior operations of EvoAir International and its subsidiaries. EvoAir International is a company incorporated in BVI on November 17, 2021. Effective from the December 20, 2021, it wholly owns WKL Eco Earth Holdings, a company incorporated in Singapore on July 12, 2018, which in turn wholly owns (a) WKL Eco Earth, a Malaysian company incorporated on May 17, 2017, and (b) WKL Green Energy, a Malaysian company incorporated on October 24, 2017. WKL Eco Earth Holdings acquired (c) EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (“EvoAir Manufacturing”) on April 19, 2021, a Malaysian company incorporated on March 22, 2019, as well as acquiring (d) WKL EcoEarth Indochina Co Ltd (“WKL EcoEarth Indochina”), a Cambodia company incorporated on February 4, 2021, (e) WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (“WKL Guanzhe”), a Chinese company incorporated on April 6, 2021. EvoAir Manufacturing wholly owns (f) Evo Air Marketing (M) Sdn Bhd (“Evo Air Marketing”), a Malaysian company incorporated on February 2, 2021. On June 15, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Articles of Incorporation with Nevada’s Secretary of State to change the name of the Company from Unex Holdings Inc. to EvoAir Holdings Inc. (the “Name Change”), and the Name Change became market effective on November 4, 2022. Effective on November 11, 2022, the Company’s shares began trading under the new ticker symbol “EVOH”. Round 2 Stockholders The Company entered into a series of offerings for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 , as follows: ● On February 15, 2022, the Company entered into certain share subscription agreement with Ms. Ang Lee Kim Jane, who is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 74,074 shares of Common Stock, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 , as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds were $ 185,185 . ● On June 3, 2022, the Company entered into certain share subscription agreement with Mr. Wong Hon Wai who is a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 5,000 shares of Common Stock, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 , as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds were $ 12,500 . 40 | Page ● On October 25, 2022, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with eight investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Securities Act. On the same date, the Company entered into Regulation D share subscription agreements with two investors, each of whom represented that it was an “Accredited Investors” as defined in Regulation D of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, (i) 129,621 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, and (ii) 15,000 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation D investors, respectively, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 , as part of a series of offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds in aggregate were $ 361,553 . ● On February 20, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with eleven investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 57,783 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds in aggregate were $ 144,443 . ● On July 13, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with 31 investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 250,132 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S Investors, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $ 625,330 . ● On September 7, 2023, the Company entered into Regulation S share subscription agreements with 71 investors, each of whom represented that it was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreements, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 365,164 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $ 912,889 . ● On November 21, 2023, the Company entered into a Regulation S share subscription agreement with Wong Chun Shoong who represented that he was a “non-U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act. Pursuant to the share subscription agreement, the Company agreed to issue and sell in aggregate, 8,658 shares of Common Stock to the Regulation S investors, at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as part of a series of the offerings by the Company for an aggregate of up to 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 . The gross proceeds in aggregate were approximately $ 21,645 . Reverse Stock Split On April 12, 2024, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) unanimously resolved to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a ratio of 1-for-4. Following such resolution, on September 9, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect the reverse stock split, with an effective time of 9:00AM. Eastern Time on September 11, 2024 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Split Adjustment; Treatment of Fractional Shares As a result of the 1:4 Reverse Stock Split , each 4 pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding will automatically combine into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders, and the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reduced from 102,742,362 shares to 25,685,591 shares (subject to rounding up of fractional shares to the nearest whole number). No fractional shares was issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole number Share Issuance On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 679,516 shares of Common Stock, representing 2.5 % to certain consultant in consideration for their services in relation to proposed initial public offering. On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 815,419 shares of Common Stock, representing 3.0 % to certain consultant in consideration for their consulting services. 41 | Page Details of the Company’s subsidiaries: SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Subsidiaries of EVOH Attributable interest EvoAir International Limited (British Virgin Islands) 100 % Subsidiary of EvoAir International Limited WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd (Singapore) 100 % Subsidiaries of WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd WKL Eco Earth Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) 100 % WKL Green Energy Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) 100 % EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) 67.5 % WKL EcoEarth Indochina Co Ltd (Cambodia) 55 % WKL Guanzhe Green Technology Guangzhou Co Ltd (China) 55 %* Subsidiary of EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn Bhd Evo Air Marketing (M) Sdn Bhd (Malaysia) 100 % * Shareholding increased to 62.5% on August 14, 2024 NOTE 2 – CHANGE OF CONTROL Pursuant to the terms of a share transfer agreement dated December 20, 2021, Dr. Low, the then sole executive officer and director of the Company and the owner of 2,000,000 restricted shares of the Company’s ordinary shares representing approximately 67.34 % of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, sold his entire shareholding of the Company to WKL Global for an aggregate consideration of $ 100 . Upon completion of the Change of Control Transaction, WKL Global then owned 2,000,000 shares, or approximately 67.34 % of the Company’s then issued and outstanding shares, which resulted in a change of control of the Company. NOTE 3 – GOING CONCERN The Company’s financial statements as of August 31, 2024, is prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not yet established a sustainable ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. 42 | Page As of August 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $ 39,401,857 and $ 13,523,266 respectively. The Company incurred net loss of $ 26,315,396 and $ $ 6,317,373 for the years ended August 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The cash generated from operating activities was $ 30,822 for the year ended August 31, 2024, and the cash used in operating activities was $ 1,674,395 for the year ended August 31, 2023. It was brought to the attention of the Management to assess going concern considering all facts and circumstances about the foreseeable future of the Company as well as its assets and liabilities on the basis that it will be able to realize and discharge them in the normal course of business. To address these challenges and ensure the Company’s long-term viability, Management has developed a strategic plan focused on the continued development and expansion of its HVAC business. Key initiatives include: ● Expansion of Product Offerings: Broadening the range of HVAC products to meet diverse market needs. ● Geographical Expansion: Penetrating new markets to drive revenue growth. ● Revenue Diversification: Expanding customer segments across retail, commercial, industrial, and project-based clients, as well as private label and licensing opportunities. ● Improved Profitability: Achieving economies of scale through operational efficiencies and growth. Additionally, the Company is actively pursuing plans to raise additional funding to support operations and business expansion. This includes preparations to uplist on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which is expected to enhance access to capital and further strengthen the Company’s financial position. The consolidated financials have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and accordingly financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. NOTE 4 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. GAAP for financial information and pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of EvoAir International, WKL Eco Earth Holdings, WKL Eco Earth, WKL Green Energy, and its 67.5 % owned EvoAir Manufacturing which included a 100 % owned subsidiary, Evo Air Marketing, 55 % owned WKL EcoEarth Indochina, and its 55 % owned WKL Guanzhe. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Management, the accompanying financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal and recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly all financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 43 | Page The non-controlling interests are presented in the consolidated balance sheets, separately from equity attributable to the stockholders of the Company. Non-controlling interests in the results of the Company are presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as an allocation of the total loss for the year between non-controlling interest holders and the stockholders of the Company. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting periods. Key estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, among others, revenue recognition, allowances for credit losses and product returns, provisions for obsolete inventory, valuation of long-lived assets and Rights of Use (“ROU”) assets (including lease liabilities), and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Fiscal Year End The Company operates on a fiscal year basis with the fiscal year ending on August 31. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company places its cash with a high credit quality financial institution. WKL Guanzhe business is primarily conducted in China and substantially all of revenue are denominated in RMB. The government of People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. Comprehensive Gain or Loss ASC 220 “Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. As of August 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company established that there are items that represented components of comprehensive income and, therefore, has included a statement of comprehensive income in the financial statements. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of Chinese operations is Chinese Renminbi, (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company’s Singapore operations is Singapore dollars (“SGD”). The functional currency of the Company’s Malaysia operations is Ringgit Malaysia (“RM”). Management has adopted ASC 830 “Foreign Currency Matters” for transactions that occur in foreign currencies. Monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Average monthly rates are used to translate revenues and expenses. 44 | Page Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Exchange gains or losses arising from foreign currency transactions are included in the determination of net income for the respective periods. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s operations are translated into the reporting currency, United States Dollars, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting periods. Equity transactions are recorded at the historical rate when the transaction occurs. The resulting translation adjustment is reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, specifically Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), denoted as ASC 326. This regulatory framework supersedes the incurred loss methodology with the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) methodology. CECL necessitates the derivation of credit loss estimates for the remaining projected life of financial assets, encompassing historical data, prevailing conditions, and substantiated forecasts. Broadly applicable to financial assets assessed at amortized cost, including trade receivables, loan receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities, CECL also extends its purview to certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. In adherence to this methodology, financial assets measured at amortized cost are to be presented on financial statements at the net amount anticipated to be collected, incorporating an allowance for credit losses as a means of accounting for the estimated credit losses. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on September 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method. See below allowance for credit losses for more information. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at the net value of the face amount less any allowance for expected credit loss. The allowance for expected credit loss is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. An allowance for credit losses is recorded in the period when loss is probable based on an assessment of specific evidence indicating troubled collection, historical experience, accounts aging and other factors. The Company reviews the allowance for expected credit loss on a regular basis, and all past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability. An account receivable is written off after all collection effort has ceased. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. Interest is not charged on past due accounts. 45 | Page As of August 31, 2024, and 2023, our accounts receivable amounted to $ 62,914 and $ 44,130 , respectively, with no allowance for expected credit loss for both years. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of finished goods, raw materials, and work-in-process (“WIP”) from WKL Eco Earth, WKL EcoEarth Indochina, WKL Guanzhe, and EvoAir Manufacturing. Inventories are recognized at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We determine the costs of inventory using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost based on a first-in, first-out method. All other costs, including administrative costs, are expensed as incurred. Deposit, prepayments, and other receivables Deposit, prepayments and other receivables are comprised of prepayments paid to vendors to initiate orders and prepaid services fees and are classified as current assets if such amounts are to be recognized within one year from the balance sheet date. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related capitalized assets. Property plant and equipment are depreciated over 5 to 10 years. SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF ASSETS Useful lives Plant and machineries 5 years Office equipment 5 years Vehicles 5 years Furniture and equipment 10 years Renovation 10 years Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. At the time of retirement or other disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation will be removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, will be reflected in operations. Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets The Company’s intangible assets consist of patents and trademarks related to assignments of intellectual properties by Dr. Low into WKL Eco Earth Holdings under the IP Assignments as contemplated in Note 1. The intangible assets are recorded at fair market value and are amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated life of 20 years for both patents and trademarks. 46 | Page Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amounts to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If identifiable intangibles are impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds its fair market value. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that an entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company does not disaggregate its revenue streams as the economic factors underlying the contracts are similar and provide no significant distinction. The amount of revenue that is recorded reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company applies the following five-step model in order to determine this amount: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Company reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations the Company must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Deferred Revenue The Company collects deposits from customers in advance for some business contracts. The customer payments received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. The deferred revenue of $ 440,069 was recorded as of August 31, 2023, with $ 135,557 recognized as revenue for year ended August 31, 2024. The Company recognized $ 10,012 deferred revenue as of August 31, 2024. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs include specific incremental costs directly attributable to the Company’s public offering of securities in conjunction with the Uplifting. Deferred offering costs exclude management salaries or other general and administrative expenses. These costs are being deferred and will be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering. 47 | Page Leases We have entered into operating agreements primarily for office and factory. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. For all classes of underlying assets, we elect not to recognize right of use assets or lease liabilities when a lease has a lease term of 12 months or less at the commencement date and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise. Operating lease assets and liabilities are included on our consolidated balance sheet as of August 31, 2024. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is our incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in most of our leases is not readily determinable. Our incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in the economic environments where the leased asset is located. Operating lease assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. Our lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We generally use the base, non-cancellable, lease term when determining the lease assets and liabilities. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components primarily include payments for maintenance and utilities. We combine fixed payments for non-lease components with our lease payments and account for them together as a single lease component, which increases the amount of our lease assets and liabilities. Income Taxes The Company utilizes ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely-than-not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. 48 | Page Measurement of Fair Value The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that could be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets are marked to bid prices and financial liabilities are marked to offer prices. Fair value measurements do not include transaction costs. A fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is defined in the following three categories: Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or inputs that are corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. Earnings (Loss) per Share The Company computes basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share amounts in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vest resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. As of August 31, 2024, the Company has no potentially dilutive securities, such as options or warrants, currently issued and outstanding. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock and amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. In addition, this ASU improves and amends the related earnings per share guidance. This standard becomes effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2024. Adoption is either a modified retrospective method or a fully retrospective method of transition. The Company adopted this guidance effective September 1, 2023, and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 provides guidance for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses model. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Recently, the FASB issued the final ASU to delay adoption for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on September 1, 2023, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 49 | Page Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Not Yet Applicable or Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU aims to improve segment disclosures through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard requires disclosure of significant expense categories and amounts for such expenses, including those segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, easily computable from information that is regularly provided, or significant expenses that are expressed in a form other than actual amounts. This standard will be effective for the Company in Fiscal Year 2025 and is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the additional disclosure requirements on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, a final standard on improvements to income tax disclosures which applies to all entities subject to income taxes. The standard requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. This standard will be effective for the Company in Fiscal Year 2026 and should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the additional disclosure requirements on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by Management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements. NOTE 5 INVENTORIES Inventories consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF INVENTORIES August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Finished goods $ 334,917 $ 329,420 Raw materials and supplies 125,130 138,869 Work in progress - 162,189 Total inventory on hand $ 460,047 $ 630,478 50 | Page NOTE 6 DEPOSIT, PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES Deposit, prepayments, and other receivables consists of the following: SCHEDULE OF DEPOSIT PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Deposits and Prepayments $ 33,406 $ 20,777 Other receivables (Advances to suppliers) 81,400 596,730 Total $ 114,806 $ 617,507 NOTE 7 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET Property, plant, and equipment consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Plant and machinery $ 601,405 $ 476,219 Office equipment 61,143 55,848 Vehicles 83,239 77,497 Furniture and equipment 23,936 22,285 Renovation 121,700 113,305 Property, plant and equipment gross 891,423 745,154 Less: Accumulated depreciation ( 533,645 ) ( 281,767 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 357,778 $ 463,387 Depreciation expense for the year ended August 31, 2024, was $ 251,878 , and for the year ended August 31, 2023, was $ 132,170 . 51 | Page NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS The below table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets as of August 31, 2024, and August 31, 2023: SUMMARY OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Technology 1-Portable Air Cooler $ 27,438,763 $ 27,438,763 Technology 2-Condensing Unit 55,709,004 55,709,004 Finite- lived intangible assets, gross 83,147,767 83,147,767 Less: Accumulated amortization ( 11,086,369 ) ( 6,928,981 ) Less: Technology-related intangible asset impairment ( 20,580,040 ) - Intangible assets, net $ 51,481,358 $ 76,218,786 Amortization expenses for intangible assets for the years ended August 31, 2024, and 2023, were both $ 4,157,388 . During the year ended August 31, 2024, the Company recognized $ 20,580,040 impairment on the above intangible assets. NOTE 9 ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUALS, AND OTHER PAYABLES Accounts payable, accruals, and other payables consist of the following: SCHEDULE OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLES ACCRUALS AND OTHER PAYABLE August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Accounts payable $ 154,854 $ 40,939 Accruals 113,046 129,949 Other payables 95,831 27,487 Total $ 363,731 $ 198,375 NOTE 10 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Amounts due to shareholders Amounts due to shareholders are unsecured, with interest of 3% per annum and tenure of 6 months, or mutually agreed between the parties . The Company reported amount due to shareholders of $ 1,202,692 and $ 232,095 as of August 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. 52 | Page NOTE 11 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY On December 16, 2021, the Company increased the authorized common stock from 75,000,000 shares with a par value of $ 0.001 per share to 1,000,000,000 shares with a par value of $ 0.001 per share. During fiscal year end (“FYE”) 2023 the Company issued 427,536 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 as part of the Offering for gross proceeds of $ 1,068,728 . During FYE 2023, the Company received cash proceeds of $ 934,534 as part of the Offering, of which 373,822 shares of Common Stock at per share purchase price of $ 2.50 were issued on November 21, 2023. 500 shares of Common Stock were also issued to an individual in consideration for marketing services provided to the Company during FYE 2023, and the shares were issued on November 21, 2023. During FYE 2024, the Company issued 373,822 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price of $ 2.50 for gross proceeds of $ 934,555 , as part of the Offering. As such, the Company had $ 0 shares to be issued on August 31, 2024. During FYE 2024, the Company issued in aggregate 52,107 shares of Common Stock to 15 referral agents in consideration for their referral to the Company of certain investors. During FYE 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 5,500 shares of Common Stock to two individuals in consideration for marketing services provided to the Company by Artisan Creative Studio, a marketing entity based in Malaysia. On April 12, 2024, the Company’s board of directors unanimously resolved to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, at a ratio of 1-for-4. Following such resolution, on September 9, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect the reverse stock split, with effective on September 11, 2024. As a result of the 1:4 Reverse Stock Split , each 4 pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding will automatically combine into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders. Therefore, as of August 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company had 25,685,591 and 25,577,734 shares of its common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. NOTE 12 INCOME TAXES The Company’s operating subsidiaries are governed by the Income Tax Law (defined hereunder), which concerns Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises and various local income tax laws (“Income Tax Laws”). We routinely undergo examinations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. The Company has operations in Singapore, Malaysia, Cambodia, BVI, and China that are subject to taxes in the jurisdictions in which they operate, as follows: Singapore WKL Eco Earth Holdings is incorporated in Singapore, and under the current tax laws of Singapore, its standard corporate income tax rate is 17 %. 53 | Page Malaysia WKL Eco Earth, WKL Green Energy and EvoAir Manufacturing (including its 100 % subsidiary Evo Air Marketing) are incorporated in Malaysia and are subject to common corporate income tax rate at 24 %. Cambodia WKL EcoEarth Indochina is incorporated in Cambodia, and under the current tax laws of Cambodia, its standard corporate tax rate is 20 %. BVI EvoAir International is incorporated in BVI, and a BVI Business Company is exempt from the BVI income tax. China WKL Guanzhe is incorporated in China. Under the current tax law in the PRC, WKL Guanzhe is subject to the enterprise income tax rate of 25 %. Due to the Company’s net loss position, there was no provision for income taxes recorded. As a result of the Company’s losses to date, there exists doubt as to the ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a valuation allowance equal to the total deferred tax assets has been recorded. Reconciliation between the statutory tax rate to income before income taxes and the actual provision for income taxes is as follows: SCHEDULE OF RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THE STATUTORY TAX RATE AND THE ACTUAL PROVISION 2024 2023 Years Ended August 31, 2024 2023 US Statutory rate 21 % 21 % Effect of reconciling items for tax purposes ( 21 )% ( 21 )% Effective income tax rate - % - % The components of net deferred tax assets are as follows: SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF NET DEFERRED TAX ASSETS August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Net operating loss carry-forward $ 39,400,000 $ 13,520,000 Less: valuation allowance ( 39,400,000 ) ( 13,520,000 ) Net deferred tax asset - - 54 | Page The Company had net operating loss carry forwards for tax purposes of approximately $ 39,400,000 at August 31, 2024, and approximately $ 13,520,000 at August 31, 2023, which may be available to offset future taxable income. Utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 381 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating loss carry forwards before utilization. NOTE 13 ROU ASSET AND LEASES A lease is defined as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of identifiable tangible property for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company adopted ASC Topic 842 which primarily affected the accounting treatment for operating lease agreements in which the Company is the lessee including the Company’s leases of office and factory. The Company elected to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities arising from short-term leases with initial lease terms of twelve months or less (deemed immaterial) on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on the effective interest, the effective amortization on the lease liability. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. When measuring lease liabilities for leases that were classified as operating leases as of August 31, 2024, the Company discounted lease payments using its estimated incremental borrowing rate of 10 %. On March 28, 2023, the Company entered into a lease termination agreement to its Cambodia office lease at #65, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floor, Street 123, Sangkat Toul Tumpong I, Khan Chamkarman, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (the “Lease Termination”). The Lease Termination terminated the Company’s rights and obligations with respect to the leased premises on April 15, 2023. As such, the ROU assets and operating lease liabilities were remeasured, and the Company recorded a gain of $ 14,890 as a component of operating expenses for the year ended August 31, 2023. No impairment of the ROU assets was deemed to have occurred. 55 | Page The following is a summary of ROU asset and operating lease liabilities: SUMMARY OF ROU ASSET AND OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Assets: ROU asset $ 199,647 $ 271,021 Liabilities: Current: Operating lease liabilities current $ 99,445 $ 84,879 Non-current Operating lease liabilities non current 108,891 198,163 Total lease liabilities $ 208,336 $ 283,042 As of August 31, 2024, the remaining maturities of lease liabilities were as follows: SCHEDULE OF MATURITIES OF LEASE LIABILITIES Operating lease 2025 $ 99,445 2026 79,016 2027 29,875 2028 - 2029 and thereafter - Total $ 208,336 NOTE 14 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Litigation and Claims On October 8, 2021, a filing (the “Filing”) was made with the Kuala Lumpur High Court by a reseller (the “Reseller”) of the Company’s INCU ionic nano copper solution (the “Solution”) and the Reseller’s related party (together with the Reseller, the “Plaintiffs”). 56 | Page The Reseller was authorized by WKL Eco Earth’s sole distributor of the Solution (the “WKL Distributor”) to resell the Solution together with a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml through a tripartite agreement (the “Tripartite Agreement”) entered into between (a) the Reseller, (b) the WKL Distributor and (c) a solution packaging company (the “Packaging Company”). WKL Eco Earth was not a party to the Tripartite Agreement and did not directly authorize or engage the Reseller in the resale of the Solution. In the Filing, the Plaintiffs claimed against (i) WKL Eco Earth; (ii) Dr. Low; (iii) Chan Kok Wei, (iv) the Packaging Company and (v) two directors of the Packaging Company for loss and damages arising from an alleged breach of contract, defamation and tort of inducement. The Plaintiffs also alleged that pursuant to the Tripartite Agreement, WKL Eco Earth was prohibited from selling the Solution to any party other than the WKL Distributor and allow for the resale of the Solution by the Plaintiffs without limitation, and that the Plaintiffs were not confined in their resale of the Solution to a diffuser with a capacity of not more than 1000ml. On April 9, 2024, a notice of withdrawal was filed with the Kuala Lumpur High Court, whereby it was agreed upon both the Reseller and the Company that the Reseller withdraws their claims in the Filing without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs, and that the Company withdraws its counterclaim against the Reseller without liberty to file afresh and with no order as to costs. The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report accounting for contingencies. The outcome of the above case very much depends on the evidence produced and the weight of the Court places on the evidence. As it stands, WKL has a probability of success in its Counterclaim against the parties. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time, that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. NOTE 15 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS In accordance with FASB ASC 855-10 Subsequent Events, the Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to August 31, 2024, to the date these consolidated financial statements were issued, and has determined that it does not have any material subsequent events to disclose in these consolidated financial statements, except as follow: Reverse Stock Split On April 12, 2024, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) unanimously resolved to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a ratio of 1-for-4. Following such resolution, on September 9, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to effect the reverse stock split, with an effective time of 9:00AM. Eastern Time on September 11, 2024 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Split Adjustment; Treatment of Fractional Shares As a result of the 1:4 Reverse Stock Split , each 4 pre-split shares of Common Stock outstanding will automatically combine into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders, and the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reduced from 102,742,362 shares to 25,685,591 shares (subject to rounding up of fractional shares to the nearest whole number). No fractional shares was issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole number Share Issuance On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 679,516 shares of Common Stock, representing 2.5 % issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock to certain consultant in consideration for their services in relation to proposed initial public offering. On November 25, 2024, the Company issued, in aggregate, 815,419 shares of Common Stock, representing 3.0 % issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock in consideration for their consulting services. 57 | Page ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. An evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of August 31, 2024. Based on our management’s evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In connection with the assessment described above, management identified the following control deficiencies that represent material weaknesses at August 31, 2024: ● Due to our limited resources, we do not have enough accounting personnel with extensive experience in maintaining books and records and preparing financial statements in accordance with US GAAP which could lead to untimely identification and resolution of accounting matters inherent in our financial transactions in accordance with US GAAP. ● The Company has insufficient written policies and procedures for accounting and financial reporting, which led to inadequate financial statement closing process. ● The Company has a lack of segregation of duties, a lack of audit committee or independent governance/oversight. Our management also confirmed that there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the year August 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None . 58 | Page PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Our executive officer’s and director’s and their respective ages as of the date hereof are as follows: Name Age Positions Low Wai Koon 54 Executive Director/ Chairman/ Chief Executive Officer Chan Kok Wei 50 Executive Director/ Group Managing Director Ong Bee Chen 48 Executive Director/ Chief Financial Officer Goh Chuan Meng 39 Independent Non-Executive Director Ivan Oh Joon Wern 31 Independent Non-Executive Director Dr. Low , aged 54, is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the EvoAir Group since 2017, where heads the research and development team of EvoAir Group, provides leadership and builds consensus, in conjunction with the Group Managing Director and oversees the day the day-to-day operations of the Group. Prior to joining the EvoAir Group, Dr. Low had over 15 years of experience in the mechanical engineering sector. He founded Proficient Auto Sdn Bhd, a chain auto service centre in Malaysia, in 2001 and acted as an executive director from 2001 to 2013 where he was in charge of day-to-day operation. Dr Low was the founder and Executive Director of LWK Automotive Green Technologies Sdn Bhd from 2011 to 2017 overseeing day to day operation, as well as designing producing various products focusing on green technologies, including the Hydraulic Powered Drive System (“HPDS”), a fully waterproof transmission technology that incorporates a normal combustion engine with a hydraulic system, with the objective to produce an environmentally friendly system that enables conventional engines and generators to run more efficiently; and multi-purpose rescue vehicle (“MRV”), a unique vehicle built upon the HPDS green technology for the disaster relief sector. Dr. Low is also the author of ‘The Light’, a book focusing on creating awareness of environmental protection by mankind as a green activist. He was conferred a Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa) with a major in Robotics Engineering Science from the American World University in 2009 and is an Honorary Fellow of the International Society of Professional Engineers, USA, since 2010. Mr. Chan , aged 50, has been an executive director of the Group. Mr. Chan is a Co-founder and Group Managing Director of EvoAir Group since 2017. He is responsible for the general management, planning of overall strategy and day-to-day operations of the Group, development of the Group’s overall strategic plan, capital markets activities and corporate development initiatives. Mr. Chan has over 20 years of experience in general management, capital markets, wealth management, investment banking, corporate advisory, corporate development and investors relations experience in Asia. He is a Co-founder and Managing Director of Allegro Corporate Advisory Pte Ltd (“Allegro”) since 2015, an independent strategic and corporate advisory firm based in Singapore. Allegro provides advisory services relating to initial public offerings (“IPOs”), mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”), business and trade sales, strategic corporate transactions, and capital raising, which focuses on Southeast Asia and China. Mr. Chan was the Director of Corporate Development of ZingMobile Group Limited (“ZingMobile”) from 2012 to 2017, an Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”)-listed mobile platform enabler responsible for the group’s corporate finance, business and corporate development as well as investors relation and stakeholder management. Mr. Chan was also a director of ZingMobile’s holding company, ZingMobile International Pte Ltd. Prior to joining ZingMobile group, he was a Vice President at BNP Paribas Wealth Management, Singapore from 2010 to 2012, and Vice President of CIMB Investment Bank, Malaysia from 2005 to 2010, providing wealth management solutions to high net worth individuals. Mr. Chan has listed company transaction experience including spearheading the IPO of Oilfield Workforce Group Ltd (“Oilfield”) on ASX in 2013; reverse takeover exercise of ZingMobile involving Pixie Entertainment Group Pte Ltd in 2015. Mr. Chan and his partner were credited for unlocking the shareholders’ value of the then ASX-listed company, Oilfield by restructuring the group through injecting a healthy business, Jack-In-Pile (M) Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian-based piling company and divesting the ailing oil and gas business. He was the Independent Non-Executive Director, Chairman of Audit Committee and Nomination Committee of Oilfield. Mr. Chan received a Master in Business Administration (Finance) from the Charles Sturt University, Australia in April 2003 and a Bachelor of Economics from The Australian National University, Australia in April 2000. 59 | Page Ms. Ong , aged 48, is an Executive Director and Group Chief Financial Officer of the Group. Ms. Ong was a Co-founder of EvoAir Group since 2017. She is responsible for the planning, implementation, managing accounting and finance activities of EvoAir Group, including business planning, budgeting, forecasting and cashflow management, working alongside with Chief Executive Officer and Group Managing Director in formulating corporate strategies for the Group as well as spearheading the corporate exercises undertaken by the Group. Ms. Ong has over 20 years of experience in general management, corporate finance, private equity, investment management, strategic and advisory, internal audit in Singapore and Malaysia. She is the co-founder and Executive Director of Allegro since 2015, an independent strategic and corporate advisory firm based in Singapore. Allegro provides advisory services relating to IPO, M&A, business and trade sales, strategic corporate transactions, and capital raising, which focuses on Southeast Asia and China. Ms. Ong was an Associate Director of a Singapore-based private equity firm, where she was responsible for managing private equity investments (including origination, structuring, execution and divestments) in Emerging East Asia with China centric, which includes formulating value creation plans and bringing investee companies for listing and trade sale as part of exit strategies. During her tenure with investment banks and corporate and strategic advisory firms, she was widely involved in corporate finance transactions including cross-border mergers and acquisitions, reverse takeovers, initial public offerings and equity capital market transactions on ASX, Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad and Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. Ms Ong and her partner were credited for unlocking the shareholders’ value of an ASX-listed company, Oilfield by restructuring the group through injecting a healthy business, Jack-In-Pile (M) Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian-based piling company and divesting the ailing oil and gas business. Ms. Ong graduated from The Australian National University with Bachelor of Commerce majoring in Accounting, Finance and sub-majoring in Economics in April 2000 and obtained Certified Practising Accountant status with CPA Australia since 2004. Dr. Goh, aged 39, is an independent non-executive director of the Group. He has also served as the Technology Advisor for the EvoAir Group since 2017. Dr. Goh had over 10 years’ experience in engineering and teaching. Dr. Goh is an assistant professor at the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar since September 2017. From July 2014 to May 2016, Dr. Goh taught as a Graduate Assistance at the Universiti Teknologi Petronas. From April 2014 to July 2014, Dr, Goh taught as a Physics Teacher at Tenby International School. From March 2013 to April 2014, Dr. Goh worked as a Senior Process Engineer at Finisar Berhad. From January 2010 to March 2013, Dr. Goh worked as an equipment engineer at Unisem (M) Berhad. From July 2009 to January 2010, Dr. Goh worked as a product engineer at Carsem (M) Berhad. Dr. Goh obtained both his doctorate degrees of Doctorate of Philosophy in Electronic and Electrical Engineering from the University of Technology Petronas, Tronoh, Perak and Doctorate Philosophy in Electronic and Image Engineering from the University of Burgundy, Dijon, France in August 2017. Dr. Goh obtained his Master of Business Administration from the Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok in March 2016. Dr. Goh obtained his Master of Science in Electronic System (Honors Engineering from the University of Technology Petronas, Tronoh, Perak in May 2014. Dr. Goh obtained his Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical from the University of Industry Selangor, Batang Berjuntai, Selangor in August 2009. 60 | Page Mr. Oh, aged 31, is an Independent Non-Executive Director of EvoAir Group. Mr. Oh had over 10 years of experience in business development, finance and sales. Since September 2016, Mr. Oh has been the deputy chief financial officer of Tone Group International Sdn Bhd, a telecommunications company in Malaysia. Mr. Oh is a Marketing Manager of Bread Buddy PLT, a bakery located in Malaysia since February 2020. From March 2011 to August 2011, Mr. Oh was a sales executive at Apple Inc. in Malaysia. Mr. Oh obtained a Bachelor of International Business and Entrepreneurship from the University of Essex with Honours Class II (Division 1), United Kingdom in 2016. Audit, Nominating and Compensation Committees We do not currently have an audit, nominating or compensation committee or committees performing similar functions. The Board of Directors as a whole performs such duties. SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES Other than our director, we do not expect any other individuals to make a significant contribution to our business. 61 | Page ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The following tables set forth certain information about compensation paid, earned or accrued for services by our Executive Officer for FYE 2024 and 2023: Summary Compensation Table Name and Principal Position Financial Year Ended August 31 Salary ($) Bonus ($) Stock Awards ($) Option Awards ($) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) Change in pension value and nonqualified deferred compensation earnings ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) Low Wai Koon 2024 115,275 0 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 115,275 Chan Kok Wei 2024 115,871 0 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 115,871 Ong Bee Chen 2024 89,131 0 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 89,131 Goh Chuan Meng 2024 5,123 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 5,123 Chan Hong Fook 2024 0 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 0 Ivan Oh Joon Wern 2024 5,123 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 5,123 Name and Principal Position Financial Year Ended August 31, Salary ($) Bonus ($) Stock Awards ($) Option Awards ($) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) Change in pension value and nonqualified deferred compensation earnings ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) Low Wai Koon 2023 119,667 9,972 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 129,639 Chan Kok Wei 2023 115,056 9,588 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 124,644 Ong Bee Chen 2023 88,505 7,375 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 95,880 Goh Chuan Meng 2023 5,319 0 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 5,319 Chan Hong Fook 2023 1,773 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 1,773- Ivan Oh Joon Wern 2023 5,319 -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- -0- 5,319 There are no current employment agreements between the company and its officer. There are no annuity, pension or retirement benefits proposed to be paid to the officer or director or employees in the event of retirement at normal retirement date pursuant to any presently existing plan provided or contributed to by the company or any of its subsidiaries, if any. Executive Compensation Philosophy Our Board of Directors determines the compensation given to our executive officers in their sole determination. Our Board of Directors reserves the right to pay our executive or any future executives a salary, and/or issue them shares of common stock in consideration for services rendered and/or to award incentive bonuses which are linked to our performance, as well as to the individual executive officer’s performance. This package may also include long-term stock-based compensation to certain executives, which is intended to align the performance of our executives with our long-term business strategies. Additionally, while our Board of Directors has not granted any performance base stock options to date, the Board of Directors reserves the right to grant such options in the future, if the Board in its sole determination believes such grants would be in the best interests of the Company. 62 | Page Incentive Bonus The Board of Directors may grant incentive bonuses to our executive officer and/or future executive officers in its sole discretion, if the Board of Directors believes such bonuses are in the Company’s best interest, after analyzing our current business objectives and growth, if any, and the amount of revenue we are able to generate each month, which revenue is a direct result of the actions and ability of such executives. Long-term, Stock Based Compensation In order to attract, retain and motivate executive talent necessary to support the Company’s long-term business strategy we may award our executive and any future executives with long-term, stock-based compensation in the future, at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors, which we do not currently have any immediate plans to award. Pensions As of November 27, 2024, besides regulatory Central Provident Fund payments for Singapore employees and regulatory employee Provident Fund Payments for Malaysia employees, we had no pension plans or compensatory plans or other arrangements which provide compensation in the event of a termination of employment or a change in our control. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The following table sets forth information as of November 27, 2024 regarding the ownership of our common stock by each shareholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our outstanding shares of common stock, each director and all executive officers as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, each of the shareholders has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock beneficially owned. Title of Class Name and Address of Beneficial Owner Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership Percent of class Common Stock WKL Global Limited 11,493,125 42.28 % Ritter House, Wickhams Cay II, PO Box 3170, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, Common Stock Allegro Investment (BVI) Limited 2,063,224 7.59 % Ritter House, Wickhams Cay II, PO Box 3170, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, Common Stock Tan Soon Hock 1,759,441 6.47 % No 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 1/2 Miles, Off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Named Executive Officers, Directors Common Stock Low Wai Koon 11,493,125 (1) 42.28 % No 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 1/2 Miles, Off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Common Stock Chan Kok Wei 2,063,224 (2) 7.59 % No 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 1/2 Miles, Off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Common Stock Ong Bee Chen 2,063,224 (3) 7.59 % No 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 1/2 Miles, Off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Common Stock Ivan Oh Joon Wern 630,000 2.32 % No 31-A2, Jalan 5/32A, 6 1/2 Miles, Off Jalan Kepong, 52000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (1) WKL Global Limited is wholly owned and controlled by Low Wai Koon (2) Chan Kok Wei beneficially holds 100% shareholding of Allegro Investment (3) Ong Bee Chen beneficially holds 100% shareholding Allegro Investment The percentage of class is based on 27,180,631 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of November 27, 2024. 63 | Page ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE SEC rules require us to disclose any transaction since the beginning of our last fiscal year or any currently proposed transaction in which we are a participant in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and in which any related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. A related person is any executive officer, director, nominee for director, or holder of 5% or more of our common stock, or an immediate family member of any of those people. The Company’s related party list and relationship are as follows: Related parties Relationships Dr. Low Wai Koon The executive director, chairman and chief executive officer of the Company is also the shareholder and director of WKL Global Limited. Chan Kok Wei The executive director, and director of the Company is also the shareholder and director of Allegro Investment (BVI) Limited. Tan Soon Hock One of the shareholders of the Company and EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn. Bhd. Oh Teik Huat One of the shareholders of the Company and, also one of the shareholders and directors of EvoAir Manufacturing (M) Sdn. Bhd. Related party balances as of August 31, 2024 and 2023 are as per table below: Related party balances Amount due to shareholders As of Name of Related Party Nature August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Dr. Low Wai Koon Shareholder loan/ Expenses paid on behalf $ 546,186 $ 64,592 Chan Kok Wei Shareholder loan 534,676 53,877 Tan Soon Hock Shareholder loan 87,021 80,816 Oh Teik Huat Shareholder loan 34,808 32,810 Total $ 1,202,692 $ 232,095 64 | Page ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The following table presents the fees for professional audit services of the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023 and fees billed for other services rendered by the auditors during those periods. All services reflected in the following fee table were pre - approved, respectively, in accordance with the policy of the Board. August 31, 2024 August 31, 2023 Audit fees (1) $ 118,000 $ 108,000 Audit-related fees 1,480 1,480 Tax fees 780 780 Total Fees $ 120,260 $ 110,260 Notes: (1) Audit fees consist of audit and review services, consent and review of documents filed with the SEC for fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and August 31, 2023, respectively. In its capacity, the Board pre-approves all audits (including audit-related) and permitted non-audit services to be performed by the independent auditors. The Board will annually approve the scope and fee estimates for the year-end audit to be performed by the Company’s independent auditors for the fiscal year. With respect to other permitted services, the Board pre-approves specific engagements, projects and categories of services on a fiscal year basis, subject to the individual project and annual maximums. To date, the Company has not engaged its auditors to perform any non-audit related services. ITEM 15. EXHIBITS The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report. 10.1* Certificate of Amendment, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on September 9, 2024 10.2* Share Transfer Agreement between Low Wai Koon and Unex Holdings Inc., dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.3* Share Transfer Agreement between Low Wai Koon and WKL Global, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.4* Share Transfer Agreement between Low Wai Koon and Evoair International Limited, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.5* Form of Share Exchange Agreement between certain sellers and WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte. Ltd. whereby Unex Holdings Inc. is the Issuer, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.6* Form of Share Exchange Agreement between certain sellers and WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte. Ltd. whereby Unex Holdings Inc. is the Issuer, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.7* Form of Investment Exchange Agreement between certain Seller and WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte. Ltd. whereby Unex Holdings Inc. is the Issuer, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.8* Form of Deed of Assignment between Low Wai Koon and WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.7 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.9* Form of Deed of Assignment between Low Wai Koon and WKL Eco Earth Holdings Pte Ltd, dated December 20, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021. 10.10* Form of Subscription Agreement between Ang Lee Kim Jane and Unex Holdings Inc., dated February 15, 2022 10.11* Form of Subscription Agreement between Wong Hon Wai and Unex Holdings Inc., dated June 3, 2022 10.12* Supplemental Agreement dated October 19, 2022, by and between Unex Holdings Inc. and Wong Hon Wai. 10.13* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation S Investors and Unex Holdings Inc., dated October 25, 2022 10.14* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation D Investors and Unex Holdings Inc., dated October 25, 2022 10.15* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation S Investors and Unex Holdings Inc., dated February 20, 2022 10.16* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation S Investors and Unex Holdings Inc., dated July 13, 2023 10.17* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation S Investors and Unex Holdings Inc., dated September 7, 2023 10.18* Form of Subscription Agreement between Regulation S Investor and EvoAir Holdings Inc., dated November 21, 2023 10.19* OEM Supply Agreement dated December 12, 2023 21.1* Subsidiaries of the Registrant 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) 32.1 Certifications pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Chief Executive Officer 32.2 Certifications pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Chief Financial Officer 101. INS Inline XBRL Instance Document 101. SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101. CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101. DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document 101. LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101. PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) * Previously filed 65 | Page SIGNATURES In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. EVOAIR HOLDINGS INC. Dated: November 29, 2024 By: /s/ Low Wai Koon Low Wai Koon, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Dated: November 29, 2024 By: /s/ Ong Bee Chen Ong Bee Chen Chief Financial Officer 66 | Page