Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. 10-Q

emma-10q_20210930.htm UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2021 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No.: 001-35527 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 87-0419387 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 21250 Hawthorne Boulevard , Suite 800 , Torrance , California 90503 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) ( 310 ) 214-0065 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The registrant had 49,311,864 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of November 10, 2021. EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2021 INDEX Page Part I. Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements 1 (a)Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020 1 (b)Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 2 (c)Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 3 (d)Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (Unaudited) 5 (e)Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 6 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 22 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 26 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 26 Part II Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings 29 Item 1A. Risk Factors 29 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 29 Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 29 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 29 Item 5. Other Information 29 Item 6. Exhibits 30 Signatures 31 Item 1. Financial Statements EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) As of September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 (Unaudited) ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,321 $ 2,487 Accounts receivable, net 2,663 198 Inventories, net 6,252 7,087 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,238 1,485 Total current assets 12,474 11,257 Property and equipment, net 97 120 Equity method investment 17,835 15,925 Right of use assets 3,642 4,072 Investment in convertible bond 25,716 27,866 Other assets 293 296 Total assets $ 60,057 $ 59,536 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 6,973 $ 7,460 Operating lease liabilities, current portion 718 1,143 Conversion feature derivative, notes payable 6,733 — Other current liabilities 4,940 2,706 Revolving line of credit from related party 600 800 Warrant derivative liabilities 1,393 1,071 Notes payable, current portion 3,269 4,588 Notes payable to related parties 400 134 Convertible debentures, net of discount — 5,480 Total current liabilities 25,026 23,382 Operating lease liabilities, less current portion 3,449 3,470 Other long-term liabilities 32,275 34,470 Notes payable, less current portion 1,500 222 Convertible notes payable 12,908 3,150 Total liabilities 75,158 64,694 STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding — — Common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 49,311,864 and 48,987,198 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively 49 49 Additional paid-in capital 220,017 218,728 Accumulated other comprehensive income ( 763 ) 1,144 Accumulated deficit ( 234,404 ) ( 225,079 ) Total stockholders’ deficit ( 15,101 ) ( 5,158 ) Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit $ 60,057 $ 59,536 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 1 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 REVENUES, NET $ 5,766 $ 5,601 $ 17,590 $ 16,915 COST OF GOODS SOLD 445 484 1,311 1,408 GROSS PROFIT 5,321 5,117 16,279 15,507 OPERATING EXPENSES Research and development 470 629 3,032 1,835 Selling 1,518 1,324 4,254 3,527 General and administrative 3,364 3,156 10,156 10,538 Total operating expenses 5,352 5,109 17,442 15,900 INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS ( 31 ) 8 ( 1,163 ) ( 393 ) OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Loss on debt extinguishment — — ( 1,172 ) ( 1,425 ) Change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities ( 131 ) 745 ( 322 ) 669 Change in fair value of conversion feature derivative, notes payable ( 1,357 ) 45 ( 1,132 ) 51 Net gain on investment in marketable securities — 6,464 — 7,672 Net loss on equity method investment ( 663 ) ( 494 ) ( 1,999 ) ( 1,474 ) Foreign exchange gain (loss) ( 246 ) 657 ( 1,421 ) 685 Interest and other income 192 59 573 629 Interest expense ( 683 ) ( 1,606 ) ( 2,390 ) ( 4,713 ) Total other income (expense) ( 2,888 ) 5,870 ( 7,863 ) 2,094 INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES ( 2,919 ) 5,878 ( 9,026 ) 1,701 INCOME TAXES PROVISION 232 293 58 80 NET INCOME (LOSS) ( 3,151 ) 5,585 ( 9,084 ) 1,621 COMPONENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale (net of tax) ( 2,754 ) — ( 2,150 ) — Foreign currency translation adjustments 86 ( 35 ) 243 ( 7 ) Other comprehensive loss ( 2,668 ) ( 35 ) ( 1,907 ) ( 7 ) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $ ( 5,819 ) $ 5,550 $ ( 10,991 ) $ 1,614 EARNINGS (NET LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED $ ( 0.06 ) $ 0.11 $ ( 0.18 ) $ 0.03 WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING 49,311,864 48,987,189 49,233,371 48,866,724 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 2 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) Common Stock Additional Paid-In Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Total Stockholders' Shares Amount Capital Income Income Deficit Balance at January 1, 2021 48,987,189 $ 49 $ 218,728 $ 1,144 $ ( 225,079 ) $ ( 5,158 ) Fair value of warrants including down-round protection adjustments — — 241 — ( 241 ) — Common stock issued for services 324,675 — 500 — — 500 Share-based compensation — — 181 — — 181 Unrealized gain on debt securities available for sale (net of tax) — — — 58 — 58 Foreign currency translation effect — — — 165 — 165 Net loss — — — — ( 8,422 ) ( 8,422 ) Balance at March 31, 2021 49,311,864 49 219,650 1,367 ( 233,742 ) ( 12,676 ) Share-based compensation — — 274 — — 274 Unrealized gain on debt securities available for sale (net of tax) — — — 546 — 546 Foreign currency translation effect — — — ( 8 ) — ( 8 ) Net income — — — — 2,489 2,489 Balance at June 30, 2021 49,311,864 49 219,924 1,905 ( 231,253 ) ( 9,375 ) Share-based compensation — — 93 — — 93 Unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale (net of tax) — — — ( 2,754 ) — ( 2,754 ) Foreign currency translation effect — — — 86 — 86 Net loss — — — — ( 3,151 ) ( 3,151 ) Balance at September 30, 2021 49,311,864 $ 49 $ 220,017 $ ( 763 ) $ ( 234,404 ) $ ( 15,101 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) (Unaudited) Common Stock Additional Paid-In Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Total Stockholders' Shares Amount Capital Loss Loss Deficit Balance at January 1, 2020 48,471,446 $ 48 $ 215,207 $ ( 79 ) $ ( 226,229 ) $ ( 11,053 ) Fair value of warrants including down-round protection adjustments — — 600 — ( 200 ) 400 Common stock issued for cash (net of issuance cost) 515,743 1 141 — — 142 Share-based compensation — — 209 — — 209 Foreign currency translation effect — — — 61 — 61 Net income — — — — 5,509 5,509 Balance at March 31, 2020 48,987,189 49 216,157 ( 18 ) ( 220,920 ) ( 4,732 ) Share-based compensation — — 219 — — 219 Foreign currency translation effect — — — ( 33 ) — ( 33 ) Net loss — — — — ( 9,473 ) ( 9,473 ) Balance at June 30, 2020 48,987,189 49 216,376 ( 51 ) ( 230,393 ) ( 14,019 ) Fair value of warrants including down-round protection adjustments — — 1,987 — ( 4 ) 1,983 Share-based compensation — — 121 — — 121 Foreign currency translation effect — — — ( 35 ) — ( 35 ) Net income — — — — 5,585 5,585 Balance at September 30, 2020 48,987,189 $ 49 $ 218,484 $ ( 86 ) $ ( 224,812 ) $ ( 6,365 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) (Unaudited) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income (loss) $ ( 9,084 ) $ 1,621 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities Depreciation and amortization 44 45 Inventory reserve 423 596 Amortization of discount of notes payable and convertible notes payable 1,410 3,200 Foreign exchange adjustments 1,415 ( 316 ) Net gain on investment in marketable securities — ( 7,672 ) Loss on equity method investment, net 1,999 1,474 Loss on debt extinguishment 1,172 1,425 Gain on disposal of property and equipment ( 1 ) — Share-based compensation 548 549 Shares issued for services 500 — Change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities 322 ( 669 ) Change in fair value of conversion feature derivative, notes payable 1,132 ( 51 ) Net changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable ( 2,469 ) 425 Inventories 404 ( 44 ) Prepaid expenses and other current assets 202 336 Other non-current assets 417 313 Income tax receivable and payable 15 ( 43 ) Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 173 ) ( 3,119 ) Other current liabilities 242 ( 3,883 ) Other long-term liabilities ( 637 ) 1,451 Net cash flows used in operating activities ( 2,119 ) ( 4,362 ) CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Sale of marketable securities — 35,601 Purchases of property and equipment ( 11 ) ( 13 ) Loan to equity method investee ( 5,241 ) ( 2,274 ) Net cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities ( 5,252 ) 33,314 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from notes payable issued, net of issuance cost and discount 1,000 1,980 Proceeds from convertible notes payable issued, net of issuance cost and discount 14,490 — Payments of notes payable ( 1,079 ) ( 200 ) Payments of convertible notes ( 7,200 ) ( 2,000 ) Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost — 142 Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities 7,211 ( 78 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ( 6 ) ( 14 ) Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ( 166 ) 28,860 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 2,487 1,769 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 2,321 $ 30,629 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW ACTIVITIES Interest paid $ 840 $ 1,543 Income taxes paid $ 43 $ 126 NON-CASH INVESING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES Debt discount due to conversion features derivative $ 5,555 $ — Debt discount due to warrant issued with debt $ — $ 3,808 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc., (“Emmaus”) and its direct and indirect consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements contain adjustments, including normal recurring accruals necessary to fairly state the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 10, 2021. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 contained in the Annual Report. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future interim period. Organization and Nature of Operations The Company is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development, marketing and sales of innovative treatments and therapies, primarily for rare and orphan diseases. On July 17, 2019, we completed a merger transaction with EMI Holding, Inc., formerly known as Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. (“EMI”), into a subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”), with EMI surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary. Immediately after completion of the Merger, we changed our name to “Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc.” Principles of consolidation —The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Emmaus and its direct and indirect consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of management estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reported period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes in these policies or their application. Management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Restricted cash — Restricted cash as of September 30, 2020 includes proceeds received from the sale of 6,643,559 shares of Telcon RF Pharmaceutical, Inc., a Korean corporation (formerly, Telcon Inc. and herein “Telcon”) which were earmarked for the purchase of a Telcon convertible bond, described in Note 5. Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows: As of September 30, 2021 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,321 $ 4,949 Restricted cash — 25,680 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 2,321 $ 30,629 Factoring accounts receivable — Emmaus Medical, Inc., or Emmaus Medical, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Emmaus, entered into a purchase and sales agreement with Prestige Capital Finance, LLC or Prestige Capital, pursuant to which Emmaus Medical may offer and sell to Prestige Capital from time to time eligible accounts receivable in exchange for Prestige Capital’s down payment, or advance, to Emmaus Medical of 70 % (subject to increase to 75 %) of the face amount of the accounts receivable, subject to a $ 7.5 million cap on advances at any time. The balance of the face amount of the accounts receivable will be reserved by Prestige Capital and paid to Emmaus Medical, less discount fees of Prestige Capital ranging from 2.25 % to 7.25 % of the 6 face amount, as and when Prestige Capital collects the entire face amount of the accounts receivable. Emmaus Medical’s obligation s to Prestige Capital under the purchase and sale agreement are secured by a security interest in the accounts receivable and all or substantially all other assets of Emmaus Medical. In connection with the purchase and sale agreement, Emmaus guarantees Emmaus Medical’s obligations under the purchase and sale agreement. At September 30, 2021, accounts receivable included approximately $ 472,000 of factoring accounts receivable and other current liabilities included approximately $ 9,000 related to factoring. For three and nine month s ended September 3 0 , 2021, the Company incurred approximately $ 106,000 and $ 181,000 , respectively, of factoring fees. Earnings (net loss) per share — In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share, ” the basic earnings (net loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed in a manner similar to basic earnings (net loss) per common share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares issuable under securities exercisable for or convertible into common shares had been issued if the additional common shares would be dilutive. As of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had outstanding potentially dilutive securities exercisable for or convertible into 23,276,594 shares and 19,276,395 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock. No potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings (net loss) per share since the potential dilutive securities were anti-dilutive for three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020. NOTE 3 — REVENUES, NET Revenues, net disaggregated by category were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Endari® $ 5,590 $ 5,485 $ 17,186 $ 16,548 Other 176 116 404 367 Revenues, net $ 5,766 $ 5,601 $ 17,590 $ 16,915 The following table summarizes the revenue allowance and accrual activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 (in thousands): Trade Discounts, Allowances and Chargebacks Government Rebates and Other Incentives Returns Total Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 134 $ 2,119 $ 473 $ 2,726 Provision related to sales in the current year 2,374 2,627 188 5,189 Adjustments related prior period sales 13 8 ( 111 ) ( 90 ) Credit and payments made ( 1,217 ) ( 2,201 ) ( 20 ) ( 3,438 ) Balance as of September 30, 2021 $ 1,304 $ 2,553 $ 530 $ 4,387 Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 228 $ 1,354 $ 315 $ 1,897 Provision related to sales in the current year 2,106 2,917 180 5,203 Adjustments related prior period sales 15 ( 43 ) ( 65 ) ( 93 ) Credit and payments made ( 2,144 ) ( 1,762 ) — ( 3,906 ) Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 205 $ 2,466 $ 430 $ 3,101 7 The following table summarizes net revenues attributable to each of our customers that accounted for 10% or more of net revenues (as a percentage of net revenues): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Customer A 31 % 49 % 47 % 52 % Customer B 49 % 32 % 35 % 27 % Customer C 12 % 9 % 10 % 8 % Total 92 % 90 % 92 % 87 % The Company is party to a distributor agreement with Telcon pursuant to which the Company granted Telcon exclusive rights to the Company’s prescription grade L-glutamine (“PGLG”) oral powder for the treatment of diverticulosis in South Korea, Japan and China in exchange for Telcon’s payment of a $ 10 million upfront fee and agreement to purchase from the Company specified minimum quantities of the PGLG. In a related license agreement with Telcon, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable best efforts to obtain product registration in these territories within three years of obtaining FDA marketing authorization for PGLG in this indication. Telcon has the right to terminate the distributor agreement in certain circumstances for failure to obtain such product registrations, in which event the Company would be obliged to return to Telcon the $ 10 million upfront fee. The upfront fee of $ 10 million is included in other long-term liabilities as unearned revenue as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Refer to Note 11 and for additional details. NOTE 4 — SELECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS - ASSETS Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Raw materials and components $ 1,472 $ 1,486 Work-in-process 70 721 Finished goods 6,317 6,064 Inventory reserve ( 1,607 ) ( 1,184 ) Total $ 6,252 $ 7,087 Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Prepaid insurance $ 167 $ 388 Prepaid expenses 242 454 Due from equity method investee 579 376 Other current assets 250 267 Total $ 1,238 $ 1,485 Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Equipment $ 339 $ 347 Leasehold improvements 39 39 Furniture and fixtures 102 99 Total property and equipment 480 485 Less: accumulated depreciation ( 383 ) ( 365 ) Property and equipment, net $ 97 $ 120 During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, depreciation expenses were approximately $ 11,000 and $ 12,000 , respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, depreciation expenses were approximately $ 34,000 and $ 35,000 , respectively. NOTE 5 — INVESTMENTS 8 Investment in convertible bond - On September 28, 2020, the Company entered into a convertible bond purchase agreement pursuant to which it purchased at face value a convertible bond of Telcon in the principal amount of approximately $ 26.1 million which matures on October 16, 2030 and bears interest at the rate of 2.1 % per year, payable quarterly. Beginning on October 16, 2021, the Company is entitled on a quarterly basis to call for early redemption all or any portion of the principal amount of the convertible bond. The convertible bond is convertible at the holder’s option at any time and from time to time into common shares of Telcon at an initial conversion price of KRW 9,232 , or approximately $ 8.00 , per share. The initial conversion price is subject to downward adjustment on a monthly based on the volume-weighted average market price of Telcon shares as reported on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“KOSDAQ”) Market and in the event of the issuance of Telcon shares or share equivalents at a price below the market price of Telcon share. The conversion price also is subject to customary antidilution adjustments upon a merger or other reorganization of Telcon or a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend or similar event. The conversion price as of September 30, 2021 is set forth in the “Investment in convertible bond” table below. The convertible bond and any proceeds therefrom, including proceeds from any exercise of the holder’s early redemption right or Telcon’s call option described below, are pledged as collateral to secure the Company’s obligations under the revised API Supply Agreement with Telcon described in Note 6 and Note 11. In connection with the purchase of the convertible bond, the Company entered into a call option agreement dated September 28, 2020 with Telcon pursuant to which Telcon or its designee is entitled to repurchase, at par, up to 50 % in principal amount of the convertible bond commencing October 16, 2021 and prior to maturity. If the Company transfers the convertible bond, it will be obliged under the call option agreement to see to it that the transferee is bound by such call option. The Company has elected the fair value option method to measure the investment in the Telcon convertible bond. The investment is classified as an available for sale security and remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs, with any changes in the fair value option recorded in other comprehensive income. The fair value and any change in fair value of the convertible bond is determined using a convertible bond lattice model. The model produces an estimated fair value based on changes in the market price of the underlying common stock. The following table sets forth the fair value and changes in fair value of the investment in convertible bond as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Investment in convertible bond September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance, beginning of period $ 27,866 $ — Fair value at issuance date — 22,059 Change in fair value included in the statement of other comprehensive income ( 2,150 ) 5,807 Balance, end of period $ 25,716 $ 27,866 The fair value as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was based upon following assumptions: September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Principal outstanding (South Korean won) KRW 30 billion KRW 30 billion Stock price KRW 3,990 KRW 6,060 Expected life (in years) 9.04 9.79 Selected yield 10.50 % 10.50 % Expected volatility (Telcon common stock) 82.15 % 85.80 % Risk-free interest rate (South Korea government bond) 2.18 % 1.72 % Expected dividend yield — — Conversion price KRW 4,110 (US$3.47) KRW 6,028 (US$5.54) Equity method investment – During 2018, the Company and Japan Industrial Partners, Inc., or JIP, formed EJ Holdings, Inc., or EJ Holdings, to acquire, own and operate an amino acids manufacturing facility in Ube, Japan. In connection with the formation, the Company invested approximately $ 32,000 in exchange for 40 % of EJ Holdings voting shares. JIP owns 60 % of EJ Holdings voting shares. In October 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with EJ Holdings under which the Company made an unsecured loan to EJ Holdings in the amount of $ 13.2 million. The loan proceeds were used by EJ Holdings to purchase the Ube facility in December 2019 and pay related taxes. The loan matures on September 30, 2028 and bears interest at the rate of 1 % per year, payable annually. The parties also contemplated that t he Ube facility will eventually supply the Company with the facility’s output of amino acids and the operation of the facility will be principally for the Company’s benefit and, as such, that major decisions affecting EJ Holdings and the Ube facility will be made by EJ Holdings’ board of directors, a majority of which are representatives of JIP, in consultation with the Company. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company made additional $ 3.6 million 9 of loans to EJ Holdings. As of September 3 0 , 202 1 , and December 31, 20 20 , the loan s receivable from EJ Holdings w ere approximately $ 22.2 million and $ 18.6 million, respectively . EJ Holdings is engaged in phasing in the Ube facility, which will include eventually obtaining regulatory approvals for the manufacture of PGLG in accordance with cGMP. EJ Holdings has had no significant revenues since its inception, has depended on loans from the Company to acquire the Ube facility and fund its operations and will continue to be dependent on loans from the Company or other financing unless and until the Ube facility is activated and EJ Holdings can secure customers for its products. The Company has determined that EJ Holdings is a variable interest entity, or VIE, based upon the facts that the Company provided the loan financing to acquire the Ube facility and to fund its activities there and that the EJ Holdings activities are principally for the Company’s benefit. JIP, however, owns 60 % of EJ Holdings and is entitled to designate a majority of EJ Holdings’ board of directors and its Chief Executive Officer and outside auditors, and, as such, controls the management, business, and operations of EJ Holdings. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its variable interest in EJ Holdings under the equity method. The Company’s share of the losses of EJ Holdings are classified as net loss on equity method investment. The investment is evaluated for impairment if facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, an impairment charge would be recorded. The following table sets forth certain financial information of EJ Holdings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) REVENUES, NET $ 57 $ 55 $ 174 $ 201 GROSS PROFIT 57 55 174 201 NET LOSS $ ( 1,657 ) $ ( 1,228 ) $ ( 4,998 ) $ ( 3,677 ) NOTE 6 — SELECTED FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS - LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Accounts payable: Clinical and regulatory expenses $ 443 $ 262 Professional fees 552 252 Selling expenses 508 395 Manufacturing costs 253 596 Other vendors 66 518 Total accounts payable 1,822 2,023 Accrued interest payable, related parties 79 41 Accrued interest payable 418 627 Accrued expenses: Payroll expenses 1,067 1,053 Government rebates and other rebates 2,553 2,659 Due to equity method investee 480 545 Other accrued expenses 554 512 Total accrued expenses 4,654 4,769 Total accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 6,973 7,460 10 Other current liabilities consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Trade discount $ 4,000 $ 2,000 Other current liabilities 940 706 Total other current liabilities $ 4,940 $ 2,706 Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Trade discount $ 22,251 $ 24,453 Unearned revenue 10,000 10,000 Other long-term liabilities 24 17 Total other long-term liabilities $ 32,275 $ 34,470 On June 12, 2017, the Company and Telcon entered into an API Supply Agreement, as subsequently amended (so as amended, the “API agreement”), pursuant to which Telcon advanced to the Company approximately $ 31.8 million as an advance trade discount in consideration of the Company’s agreement to purchase from Telcon the Company’s estimated annual targets for bulk containers of PGLG. The Company purchased $ 250,000 and $ 2.0 million of PGLG from Telcon in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and September 30, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively, accounts payable to Telcon were $ 250,000 and $ 208,000 . See Note 11 for additional details. NOTE 7 — NOTES PAYABLE Notes payable consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands except for number of shares): Year Issued Interest Rate Range Term of Notes Conversion Price Principal Outstanding September 30, 2021 Unamortized Discount September 30, 2021 Carrying Amount September 30, 2021 Underlying Shares September 30, 2021 Notes payable 2013 10 % Due on demand — $ 895 $ — $ 895 — 2020 1 % 2 years — 798 — 798 — 2021 11 % Due on demand - 2 years — 3,076 — 3,076 — $ 4,769 $ — $ 4,769 — Current $ 3,269 $ — $ 3,269 — Non-current $ 1,500 $ — $ 1,500 — Notes payable - related parties 2020 12 % Due on demand — 100 — 100 — 2021 12 % Due on demand — 300 300 $ 400 $ — $ 400 — Current $ 400 $ — $ 400 — Non-current $ — $ — $ — — Convertible notes payable 2020 12 % 3 years $ 10.00 (b) 3,150 — 3,150 316,669 2021 2 % 3 years $ 1.48 (a) 14,490 4,732 9,758 9,806,305 $ 17,640 $ 4,732 $ 12,908 10,122,974 Non-current $ 17,640 $ 4,732 $ 12,908 10,122,974 Total $ 22,809 $ 4,732 $ 18,077 10,122,974 11 Year Issued Interest Rate Range Term of Notes Conversion Price Principal Outstanding December 31, 2020 Unamortized Discount December 31, 2020 Carrying Amount December 31, 2020 Underlying Shares Notes December 31, 2020 Notes payable 2013 10 % Due on demand — $ 969 $ — $ 969 — 2019 11 % Due on demand — 2,899 — 2,899 — 2020 1%-11% Due on demand - 2 years — 942 — 942 — $ 4,810 $ — $ 4,810 $ — Current $ 4,588 $ — $ 4,588 — Non-current $ 222 $ — $ 222 — Notes payable - related parties 2016 10 % Due on demand — $ 20 $ — $ 20 — 2019 10 % Due on demand — 14 — 14 — 2020 12 % Due on demand — 100 — 100 — $ 134 $ — $ 134 — Current $ 134 $ — $ 134 — Convertible debentures 2019 10 % 18 months $2.00-$9.52 (a) $ 7,200 $ 1,720 $ 5,480 3,630,000 $ 7,200 $ 1,720 $ 5,480 3,630,000 Current $ 7,200 $ 1,720 $ 5,480 3,630,000 Convertible note payable 2020 12 % 3 years $ 10.00 (b) $ 3,150 $ — $ 3,150 316,723 $ 3,150 $ — $ 3,150 316,723 Current $ 3,150 $ — $ 3,150 316,723 Total $ 15,294 $ 1,720 $ 13,574 3,946,723 (a) The notes are convertible into Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. shares. (b) The notes are convertible into EMI Holding, Inc. shares. The weighted-average stated annual interest rate of notes payable was 5 % and 10 % as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The weighted-average effective annual interest rate of notes payable as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was 14 % and 37 %, respectively, after giving effect to discounts relating to conversion features, warrants and deferred financing costs relating to the notes. As of September 30, 2021, future contractual principal payments due on notes payable were as follows: Year Ending 2021 (three months) $ 3,447 2022 222 2023 4,650 2024 14,490 Total $ 22,809 In March 2021, the Company prepaid in full its outstanding Amended and Restated 10 % Senior Secured Convertible Debentures and recognized $ 1.2 million of loss on debt extinguishment relating to the remaining unamortized discount. The conversion feature of the Amended and Restated 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures was separately accounted for at fair value as derivative liabilities under guidance in ASC 815 that is remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs, with any changes in the fair value of the conversion feature liabilities recorded in earnings. Upon prepayment of the Debentures, the outstanding liability was recognized in change in fair value in earnings. 12 The following table sets forth the fair value of the conversion feature liabilities as of September 3 0 , 202 1 and December 31, 20 20 (in thousands): Nine Months Ended Year Ended Conversion feature liabilities — Amended and Restated 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance, beginning of period $ 7 $ 1 Fair value at debt modification date — 118 Change in fair value included in the statement of comprehensive loss ( 7 ) ( 112 ) Balance, end of period $ — $ 7 The fair value and any change in fair value of conversion feature liabilities are determined using a binomial lattice model. The model produces an estimated fair value based on changes in the price of the underlying common stock. The fair value as of December 31, 2020 was based upon following assumptions: December 31, 2020 Stock price $ 1.23 Conversion price $ 2.00 Selected yield 10.48 % Expected volatility (peer group) 95 % Expected life (in years) 0.67 Expected dividend yield — Risk-free rate Term structure The Company is party to a revolving line of credit agreement with Dr. Niihara, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Under the agreement, at the Company’s request from time to time Dr. Niihara may, but is not obligated to, loan or re-loan to the Company up to $ 1,000,000 . Outstanding amounts under the agreement are due and payable upon demand and bear interest, payable monthly, at a variable annual rate equal to the Prime Rate in effect from time to time plus 3 %. In addition to the payment of interest, the Company is obligated to pay Dr. Niihara a “tax gross-up” intended to make him whole for federal and state income taxes payable by him with respect to interest paid to him in the previous year. The outstanding balance under the revolving line of credit agreement of $ 600,000 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were reflected in revolving line of credit, related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. With the estimated tax-gross up, the effective annual interest rate on the outstanding balance as of September 30, 2021, was 10.4 %. The revolving line of credit agreement will expire on November 22, 2022 . Refer to Note 12 for related party information. On May 8, 2020, the Company received a loan in the amount of $ 797,840 under the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The loan, which is evidenced by a Promissory Note dated April 29, 2020 , matures on April 29, 2022 and bears interest at a rate of 1 % per annum, payable monthly commencing on December 8, 2020 unless the PPP loan is forgiven prior to the date of the first monthly payment or the loan forgiveness process has commenced. The Note may be prepaid by the Company at any time prior to maturity with no prepayment penalties. The loan and accrued interest are forgivable after a specific period as long as the Company uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The Company has applied for PPP loan forgiveness on October 30, 2020. There is no assurance that the loan will be forgiven. The amount of loan forgiveness would be reduced if the Company were to terminate employees or reduce salaries during such period. The PPP loan was included in notes payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. On February 9, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an effective date of February 8, 2021 pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue to the purchasers thereunder in a private placement pursuant to Rule 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D thereunder a total of up to $ 17 million in principal amount of convertible promissory notes of the Company for a purchase price equal to the principal amount thereof. As of September 30, 2021, we had sold approximately $ 14.5 million of the convertible promissory notes. Of the net proceeds from the sale of the convertible promissory notes, $ 6.2 million was used to prepay the outstanding Amended and Restated 10 % Senior Secured Convertible Debentures as described above. Commencing one year from the original issue date, the convertible promissory notes will be convertible at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $ 1.48 per share, which equaled the “Average VWAP” (as defined) of the Company’s common stock on the effective date. The initial conversion price will be adjusted as of the end of each three-month period following the original issue date, commencing May 31, 2021, to equal the Average VWAP as of the end of 13 such three-month period if such Average VWAP is less than the then-conversion price. There is no floor on the conversion price. The conversion price will be subject to further adjustment in the event of a stock split, reverse stock split or certain other events specified in the convertible promissory notes. The convertible promissory notes bear interest at the rate of 2 % per year payable semi-annually on the last business day of August and January of each year and will mature on the 3rd anniversary of the original issue date. The convertible promissory notes will become prepayable in whole or in part at the election of the holders on or after February 28, 2022 if the Company’s common stock shall not have been approved for listing on the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market or other “Trading Market” (as defined). The Company will be entitled to prepay up to 50 % of the principal amount of the convertible promissory notes at any time after the first anniversary and on or before the second anniversary of the original issue date for a prepayment amount equal to the principal amount being prepaid, accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a prepayment premium equal to 50 % of such principal amount. The convertible promissory notes are general, unsecured obligations of the Company. The conversion feature of the convertible promissory notes was separately accounted for at fair value as a derivative liability under guidance in ASC 815 that is remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs, with any changes in the fair value of the conversion feature liability recorded in earnings. The following table sets forth the fair value of the conversion feature liability as of September 30, 2021 (in thousands) : Convertible promissory notes September 30, 2021 Balance, beginning of period $ — Fair value at issuance date 5,594 Change in fair value included in the statement of comprehensive (income) loss 1,139 Balance, end of period $ 6,733 The fair value and any change in fair value of conversion feature liability are determined using a convertible bond lattice model. The model produces an estimated fair value based on changes in the price of the underlying common stock. The fair value as of September 30, 2021 and at issuance date was based upon following assumptions: Convertible promissory notes September 30, 2021 Issuance Date Stock price $ 1.60 $ 1.41 Conversion price $ 1.48 $ 1.48 Selected yield 21.62 % 20.29 % Expected volatility 50 % 50 % Time until maturity (in years) 2.41 3.00 Dividend yield — — Risk-free rate 0.38 % 0.30 % NOTE 8 — STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT Purchase Agreement with GPB —On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with GPB Debt Holdings II, LLC (“GPB”), pursuant to which the Company issued to GPB a $ 13 million senior secured convertible promissory note (the “GPB Note”) for an aggregate purchase price of $ 12.5 million, reflecting a 4.0 % original issue discount. The GPB Note was repaid in February 2018 . In connection with the issuance of GPB Note, the Company issued to GPB a warrant (the “GPB Warrant”) to purchase up to 240,764 of common stock at an exercise price of $ 10.80 per share, with customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and other recapitalization events. The GPB Warrant became exercisable six months after issuance and has a term of five years from the initial exercise date. The Company determined that under ASC 815-40, GPB Warrant should be separately recognized at fair value as a liability. The warrant liability is remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs and any change in the fair value of the liability is recorded in earnings. The following table presents the change in fair value of the GPB Warrant as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): 14 Nine Months Ended Year Ended Warrant Liability—GPB September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance, beginning of period $ 83 $ 38 Change in fair value included in the statement of comprehensive income ( 40 ) 45 Balance, end of period $ 43 $ 83 The fair value of the warrant derivative liability was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 set forth in the table above was based on upon following assumptions: September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Adjusted exercise price $ 10.28 $ 10.28 Common stock fair value $ 1.60 $ 1.23 Risk‑free interest rate 0.23 % 0.15 % Volatility 100.00 % 120.00 % Time until expiration (years) 1.75 2.50 Expected dividend yield — — Number outstanding 252,802 252,802 Purchase Agreement with Holders of 10% Senior Secured Debentures— In October 2018, EMI sold and issued $ 12.2 million principal amount of 10 % Senior Secured Debentures and common stock purchase warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 1,220,000 shares of EMI common stock to a limited number of accredited investors. EMI’s obligations under the Debentures were secured by a security interest in substantially all EMI assets and guaranteed by EMI’s U.S. subsidiaries. The net proceeds of the sale of the debentures and warrants were used to fund the original $ 13.2 million loan to EJ Holdings, Inc. in October 2018 reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Debentures were amended and restated in their entirety in conjunction with the Merger. Common stock purchase warrants issued in conjunction with the original Debentures also were amended and restated in their entirety in conjunction with the Merger. The Amended and Restated 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures issued in conjunction with the Merger were convertible at the option of each holder into shares of EMI common stock immediately prior to the Merger at a conversion price of $ 10.00 a share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, merger reorganizations and other customary events. The related amended and restated warrants were exercisable immediately prior to the Merger for an aggregate of 1,460,000 shares of EMI common stock at an initial exercise price of $ 10.00 per share. The exercise price of the warrants was subject to reduction in connection with a “going public event” such as the Merger based upon the “VWAP” (i.e., volume-weighted average trading price) of the Company common stock at the time of the Merger. Upon completion of the Merger, the amended and restated warrants became exercisable for shares of the Company common stock and the exercise price of the warrants and the number of underlying warrant shares were adjusted based upon exchange ratio in the Merger. The exercise price of the amended and restated warrants was subsequently adjusted in accordance with their terms to $ 5.87 per share based upon the VWAP of the Company common stock on the day following completion of the Merger. Pursuant to the terms of a securities amendment agreement entered into on February 21, 2020, the Amended and Restated 10 % Senior Secured Convertible Debentures were once again amended and restated in their entirety to extend their maturity date to April 21, 2021 and reduce the conversion price thereof to $ 3.00 per share from $ 9.52 per share. The related amended and restate common stock purchase warrants also were amended and restated again to reduce the exercise price thereof to $ 3.00 per share from $ 5.87 per share. The newly Amended and Restated 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures and related newly amended and restated warrants provide for so-called full-ratchet anti-dilution adjustments in the event we sell or issue shares of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective price per share less than the conversion price of the debentures or the exercise price of the warrants, subject to certain exceptions. The conversion price of the Amended and Restated 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures and the exercise price of the related amended and restated warrants were reduced to $ 2.00 a share as a result of the Company’s sale of 100,000 shares of common stock at a price of $ 2.00 a share under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital LLC. See Note 7 for information regarding our recent prepayment of the Debentures. The Company evaluated the common stock purchase warrants issued in connection with the original issuance of the 10 % Senior Secured Debentures in October 2018 under ASC 815-40 and concluded that the warrants should be separately recognized at fair value as a liability. The liability is remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 input and any changes in fair value is recorded in earnings. In 2019, the Debentures were amended and restated to be convertible into common stock of EMI immediately 15 prior to completion of the Merger, which resulted in the related warrants being reclassified to equity. The warrants also were amended and restated in their entirety in connection with the Merger. On September 22, 2020, the Company and EMI entered into a securities amendment agreement (the “September 2020 Amendment”) with the holders of the Amended and Restated 10 % Senior Secured Convertible Debentures described above. The September 2020 Amendment amended in certain respects the securities purchase agreement among EMI and the Debenture holders originally entered into on September 8, 2018, as amended by the February 2020 Amendment, and provides that the Debentures are to be amended in certain respects as set forth in the form of Allonge Amendment No. 1 to the debentures included in the September 2020 Agreement (the “Allonge”). Pursuant to the Allonge, the aggregate monthly redemption payments under the Debentures were reduced to $ 500,000 from $ 1,000,000 in principal amount and the maturity date of the Debentures was extended from April 21, 2021 to August 31, 2021 . The monthly redemption payments resumed in September 2020 and continued on the first day of each month thereafter commencing October 1, 2020. The remaining principal balance of the Debentures was due and payable upon maturity, subject to mandatory prepayment in connection with certain “Capital Events” as defined. In consideration of the Debenture holder’s financial accommodations to the Company, the Company issued to the holders, pro rata based upon the relative principal amounts of their Debentures, five-year common stock purchase warrants to purchase a total of up to 1,840,000 shares of the Company common stock at an exercise price of $ 2.00 a share. The warrants provide for so-called full- ratchet anti-dilution adjustments in the event the Company sells or issues shares of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective price per share less than the exercise price of the warrants, subject to certain exceptions. The exercise price also remains subject to adjustment for stock splits and other customary events. In October 2018, the Company granted to T.R. Winston and its affiliates for services relating to the September 2020 Amendment common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 75,000 shares of the Company common stock at an exercise price of $ 2.10 a share and otherwise on terms identical to the warrants issued to the debenture holders described above . The exercise price of the amended and restated warrants was reduced to $ 2.00 per share in February 2020 and to $ 1.54 per share in March 2021 pursuant to the anti-dilution adjustment provisions of the warrants. The warrants were valued using Black-Scholes-Merton model. The fair value as of agreement date and the anti-dilution adjustment dates was based upon following assumptions: March 2, 2021 (Anti-dilution adjustment date) February 28, 2020 (Anti-dilution adjustment date) February 21, 2020 (Amendment date) Exercise price $ 1.54 $ 2.00 $ 3.00 Common stock fair value $ 1.52 $ 1.60 $ 1.89 Volatility 101.00%-120.00% 93.00 % 92.00 % Risk-free rate 0.21%-0.58% 0.86 % 1.29 % Expected life (in years) 2.64-4.56 3.54 3.56 Purchase agreement with Holder of Convertible Promissory Note - On June 15, 2020, the holder of a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $ 3,150,000 agreed to an extension of the maturity date to June 15, 2023 in exchange for an increase in the interest rate on the note from 11 % to 12 %. In conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to the holder five-year common stock purchase warrants to purchase a total of up to 1,250,000 shares of the Company common stock at an exercise price of $ 2.05 a share. Under ASC 815-40, the Company concluded that the warrants issued should be recognized at fair value as a liability. The warrant liability is remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 input and any changes in the fair value of liability is recorded in earnings. The following table presents the fair value and the change in fair value of the warrants as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Nine Months Ended Year Ended Warrant liability—Wealth Threshold September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Balance, beginning of period $ 988 $ — Fair value at issuance date — 1,425 Change in fair value included in the statement of comprehensive income (loss) 362 ( 437 ) Balance, end of period $ 1,350 $ 988 The fair value of the warrant derivative liability was determined using the Black-Scholes Merton model and was based upon following assumptions: 16 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Exercise price $ 2.05 $ 2.05 Stock price $ 1.60 $ 1.68 Risk‑free interest rate 0.69 % 0.31 % Expected volatility (peer group) 110.00 % 101.00 % Expected life (in years) 3.71 4.46 Expected dividend yield — — Number outstanding 1,250,000 1,250,000 A summary of all outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is presented below: September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Warrants outstanding, beginning of period 8,439,480 4,931,099 Granted — 3,625,000 Exercised — — Cancelled, forfeited or expired ( 203,463 ) ( 116,619 ) Warrants outstanding, end of period 8,236,017 8,439,480 A summary of all outstanding warrants by year issued and exercise price as of September 30, 2021 is presented below: Outstanding Exercisable Year issued and Exercise Price Number of Warrants Issued Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Total Weighted-Average Exercise Price Prior to January 1, 2020 $1.54-$36.24 4,611,017 1.39 $ 9.14 4,611,017 $ 9.14 Prior to Jan 1, 2020 Total 4,611,017 4,611,017 At December 31, 2020 $ 2.05 1,250,000 3.71 $ 2.05 — — $ 1.54 2,375,000 3.95 $ 1.54 2,375,000 $ 1.54 2020 Total 3,625,000 2,375,000 At September 30, 2021 $ — — — $ — — $ — Grand Total 8,236,017 Grand Total 6,986,017 Summary of Plans – Upon completion of the Merger, the EMI Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan was assumed by the Company. The 2011 Stock Incentive Plan permitted grants of incentive stock options to employees, including executive officers, and other share-based awards such as stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units, stock bonus and unrestricted stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants for up to 9,000,000 shares of common stock . Options granted under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan expire ten years after grant. Options granted to directors vest in equal quarterly installments and all other option grants vest over a minimum period of three years , in each case, subject to the optionee’s all based on continuous service with the Company. Each stock option outstanding under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan at the effective time of the Merger was automatically converted into a stock option to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock and at an exercise price calculated based on the exchange ratio in the Merger. The 2011 Stock Incentive Plan expired in May 2021, after which no further awards may be made under the Plan. 17 The Company also ha d an Amended and Restated 2012 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan under which the Company may grant stock options and other stock awards to selected employees including officers, and to non-employee consultants and non-employee directors . All outstanding stock award u nder the 2012 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan were fully vested prior to the M erger and the Company intends not to make any further awards under thereunder . Stock options —During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company did no t issue any stock options. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company granted stock options to purchase 90,000 shares of common stock. All the options are exercisable for ten years from the date of grant and will vest and become exercisable with respect to the underlying shares as follows: as to one‑third of the shares on the first anniversary of the grant date, and as to the remaining two‑thirds of the shares in twenty‑four approximately equal monthly installments over a period of two years thereafter . In September 2021, the 2012 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan was terminated. The termination of the Plan did not affect outstanding awards under the Plan. A summary of outstanding stock options as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 is presented below. September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Number of Options Weighted‑ Average Exercise Price Number of Options Weighted‑ Average Exercise Price Options outstanding, beginning of period 7,110,025 $ 4.63 7,245,350 $ 4.68 Granted or deemed granted — — 90,000 $ 2.05 Exercised — — — — Cancelled, forfeited and expired ( 1,125,753 ) $ 3.82 ( 225,325 ) $ 5.08 Options outstanding, end of period 5,984,272 $ 4.78 7,110,025 $ 4.63 Options exercisable, end of period 5,948,771 $ 4.80 6,986,268 $ 4.47 Options available for future grant — (a) 2,302,475 (a) Option plans were expired and therefore no options available for future grants. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $ 93,000 and $ 121,000 , respectively of share-based compensation expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $ 548,000 and $ 549,000 of share-based compensation expenses, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, there was approximately $ 26,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.5 year. Collaborative Research and Development Agreement with Kainos Medicine, Inc — On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with Kainos Medicine, Inc. (“Kainos”) to lead the preclinical development of Kainos’ patented IRAK4 inhibitor (“KM10544”) as an anti-cancer drug and further advance the research and development activity currently underway at Kainos. With this agreement in place, Kainos plans to complete the study of the therapeutic mechanism of action ("MOA") of KM10544 in solid cancers, blood cancers and lymphoma. The Company will be responsible for the investigation and proof of target disease selection, efficacy and safety. The companies also entered into a letter of intent regarding possible future joint development of small molecule therapeutics and other pharmaceutical assets. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company paid $ 500,000 in cash and issued 324,675 of the Company’s shares equivalent to $ 500,000 in consideration for entering into the agreement, which were recorded as research and development expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company, in turn, has been granted rights of first negotiation and first refusal for an exclusive license regarding the development and commercialization of products based on the intellectual property resulting from the agreement. Refer to Note 13 for additional information. NOTE 9 — INCOME TAX The quarterly provision for or benefit from income taxes is separately computed at an estimated annual effective tax rate to the year-to-date pre-tax income (loss) and other comprehensive income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded income tax provision of $ 232,000 and $ 58,000 , respectively. For three and nine month ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded income tax provision of $ 293,000 and $ 80,000 . The Company did no t record a provision for federal income tax due to its net operating loss carryforwards. The 18 Company established a full valuation allowance against its federal and state deferred tax asset and there was no unrecognized tax benefit as of September 3 0 , 2021 and 2020. NOTE 10 — LEASES Operating leases — The Company leases its office space under operating leases with unrelated entities. The Company leases 21,293 square feet of office space for our headquarters in Torrance, California, at a base rental of $ 80,886 per month, which lease will expire on September 30, 2026 . The Company also leases an additional 1,850 square feet office space in New York, New York, at a base rent of $ 8,691 , which lease will expire on January 31, 2023 . In addition, the Company leases 1,322 square feet of office space in Tokyo, Japan, which lease will expire on September 30, 2022 and 1,163 square feet of office space in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which lease will expire on June 19, 2023. The rent expense during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $ 300,000 and $ 286,000 , respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $ 889,000 and $ 895,000 , respectively. Future minimum lease payments under the lease agreements were as follows as of September 30, 2021 (in thousands): Amount 2021 (three months) $ 290 2022 1,174 2023 1,058 2024 1,063 2025 and thereafter 1,928 Total lease payments 5,513 Less: Interest 1,346 Present value of lease liabilities $ 4,167 As of September 30, 2021, the Company had an operating lease right-of-use asset of $ 3.6 million and lease liability of $ 4.2 million in the balance sheet. The weighted average remaining term of the Company’s leases as of September 30, 2021 was 4.8 years and the weighted-average discount rate was 11.6 %. NOTE 11 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES API Supply Agreement — On June 12, 2017, the Company entered into an API Supply Agreement with Telcon pursuant to which Telcon paid the Company approximately $ 31.8 million in consideration of the right to supply 25 % of the Company’s requirements for bulk containers of PGLG for a fifteen-year term. The amount was recorded as deferred trade discount. On July 12, 2017, the Company entered into a raw material supply agreement with Telcon which revised certain terms of the original API Supply Agreement (the “Revised API Agreement”) . The Revised API Agreement is effective for a term of five years and will renew automatically for 10 successive one-year renewal periods, except as either party may determine. In the Revised API Agreement, the Company has agreed to purchase a total of 940,000 kilograms of PGLG at $ 50 per kilogram, or a total of $ 47.0 million, over the term of the agreement. In September 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Ajinomoto Health and Nutrition North America, Inc. (“Ajinomoto”), the producer of the PGLG, and Telcon to facilitate Telcon’s purchase of PGLG from Ajinomoto for resale to the Company under the Revised API Agreement. On June 16, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Telcon to adjust the price payable to Telcon under the Revised API Agreement from $50 per kilogram of PGLG to $ 100 per kilogram from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020, with the price payable after June 30, 2020 to be subject to agreement between the parties. There has been no changes to the price through September 30, 2021. The PGLG purchased from Telcon is recorded in inventory at net realizable value and the excess purchase price is recorded against deferred trade discount. Refer to Note 6 for more information. 19 NOTE 12 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The following table sets forth information relating to loans from related parties outstanding on or at any time during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands): Class Lender Interest Rate Date of Loan Term of Loan Principal Amount Outstanding at September 30, 2021 Highest Principal Outstanding Amount of Principal Repaid Amount of Interest Paid Current, Promissory note payable to related parties: Willis Lee (2) 12 % 10/29/2020 Due on Demand 100 100 — — Soomi Niihara (1) 12 % 9/15/2021 Due on Demand 300 300 — — Subtotal 400 400 — — Revolving line of credit agreement Yutaka Niihara (1) 5.25 % 12/27/2019 Due on Demand 600 800 — 28 Subtotal 600 800 — 28 Total $ 1,000 $ 1,200 $ — $ 28 The following table sets forth information relating to loans from related parties outstanding at any time during the year ended December 31, 2020: Class Lender Interest Rate Date of Loan Term of Loan Principal Amount Outstanding at December 31, 2020 Highest Principal Outstanding Amount of Principal Repaid Amount of Interest Paid Current, Promissory note payable to related parties: Lan T. Tran (2) 10 % 4/29/2016 Due on Demand $ 20 $ 20 $ — $ — Lan T. Tran (2) 11 % 2/10/2018 Due on Demand — 159 159 35 Lan T. Tran (2) 10 % 2/9/2019 Due on Demand 14 14 — — Hope Int'l Hospice (1) 12 % 9/1/2020 Due on Demand — 194 194 2 Hope Int'l Homecare (1) 12 % 9/1/2020 Due on Demand — 189 189 1 Soomi Niihara (1) 12 % 9/1/2020 Due on Demand — 98 98 4 Soomi Niihara (1) 12 % 10/28/2020 Due on Demand — 395 395 12 Willis Lee (2) 12 % 9/1/2020 Due on Demand — 685 685 1 Willis Lee (2) 12 % 10/29/2020 Due on Demand 100 100 100 — Subtotal 134 1,854 1,820 55 Revolving line of credit Yutaka Niihara (2) 5.25 % 12/27/2019 Due on Demand 800 800 200 37 Subtotal 800 800 200 37 Total $ 934 $ 2,654 $ 2,020 $ 92 (1) Dr. Niihara, a Director and the Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, is also a director and the Chief Executive Officer of Hope International Hospice, Inc. (2) Current or former officer. S ee Notes 6 and 11 for a discussion of the Company’s agreements with Telcon, which holds 4,147,491 shares of the Company common stock, or approximately 8.4 % of the common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held a Telcon convertible bond in the principal amount of approximately $ 25.7 million as discussed in Note 5 . NOTE 13 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 20 On October 7, 2021, the Company entered into a License Agreement, effective as of October 6, 2021, with Kainos, under which Kainos granted the Company an exclusive license in the territory encompassing the U.S., the U.K. and the EU to patent rights, know-how and other intellectual property relating to Kainos’s novel IRAK4 inhibitor, referred to as KM10544, for the treatment of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumor cancers. In consideration of the license, the Company has agreed in the License Agreement to pay Kainos a six-figure upfront fee in cash within 90 days from the effective date of the License Agreement, cash payments upon the achievement of specified milestones totaling in the mid-eight figures, a single-digit percentage royalty based on net sales of the licensed products and a similar percentage of any sublicensing consideration. 21 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations In the following discussion, the terms, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Emmaus” or the “Company” refer to Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries . Forward-Looking Statements This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 10, 2021 (the “Annual Report”). This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding our future financial position, capital expenditures, cash flows, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “estimate,” “project,” “could,” “may” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements include, among others, information regarding future operations, future capital expenditures, and future net cash flow. Such statements reflect our management’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance and involve risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Report, many of which are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or should underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially and adversely from those anticipated, believed, estimated or otherwise indicated. Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are qualified by these cautionary statements. We undertake no duty to amend or update these statements beyond what is required by SEC reporting requirements. Company Overview We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development, marketing and sale of innovative treatments and therapies, primarily for rare and orphan diseases. On July 7, 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved our lead product, Endari ® (prescription-grade L-glutamine oral powder), to reduce the severe complications of sickle cell disease (“SCD”), in adult and pediatric patients five years of age and older. Endari ® has received Orphan Drug designation from the FDA and Orphan Medical designation from the European Commission, which designations afford marketing exclusivity for Endari ® for a seven-year period in the U.S. and ten-year period in the European Union, respectively, following marketing approval. We commenced commercialization of Endari® in the U.S. in January 2018 in collaboration with a contract sales organization. Effective January 2020, we have relied upon our in-house commercial sales team. Endari® is reimbursable by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and every state provides coverage for Endari® for outpatient prescriptions to all eligible Medicaid enrollees within their state Medicaid programs. Endari® is also reimbursable by many commercial payors. We have distribution agreements in place with the nation’s leading distributors as well as physician group purchasing organizations and pharmacy benefits managers, making Endari® available at selected pharmacies nationwide. Until we began marketing and selling Endari ® in the U.S. in early 2018, we had minimal revenues and relied upon funding from sales of equity securities and debt financings and loans, including loans from related parties, to fund our business and operations. As of September 30, 2021, our accumulated deficit was $234.4 million and we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.3 million. We expect net revenues to increase as we expand our commercialization of Endari® in the U.S. and expand or commence early access programs and eventual marketing and commercialization abroad. Until we can generate sufficient net revenues, our future cash requirements are expected to be financed through public or private equity or debt financings, loans or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. Financial Overview Revenues, net Since January 2018, we have generated net revenues primarily through the sale of Endari® as a treatment for SCD. Net revenues from Endari® sales are recognized upon transfer to our distributors and specialty pharmacy providers. Distributors resell our products to other pharmacy and specialty pharmacy providers, health care providers, hospitals, and clinics. In addition to agreements with these distributors, we have entered into contractual arrangements with specialty pharmacy providers, in-office dispensing providers, physician group purchasing organizations, pharmacy benefits managers and government entities that 22 provide for government-mandated or privately negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts with respect to the purchase of our products. These various discounts, rebates, and chargebacks are referred to as “variable consideration . ” Revenue from product sales is recorded net of variable consideration . Under the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customers obtain control of the Company's product, which typically occurs on delivery. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for the product, or transaction price. To determine revenue recognition for contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the Company’s performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the relevant performance obligations. Revenue from product sales is recorded at the transaction price, net of estimates for variable consideration consisting of sales discounts, returns, government rebates, chargebacks and commercial discounts. Variable consideration is estimated using the expected-value amount method, which is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible transaction prices. Actual variable consideration may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results vary from the Company's estimates, the Company adjusts the variable consideration in the period such variances become known, which would affect net revenues in that period. The following are our significant categories of variable consideration: Sales Discounts : We provide our customers prompt payment and large order discounts and from time to time offer additional discounts that are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the revenue is recognized. Sales attributable to one-time discounts offered by us increased in 2020 and 2021 and may adversely affect sales in subsequent periods. Product Returns : We offer our distributors a right to return product principally based upon (i) overstocks, (ii) inactive product or non-moving product due to market conditions, and (iii) expired product. Product return allowances are estimated and recorded at the time of sale. Government Rebates : We are subject to discount obligations under state Medicaid programs and the Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage gap program. We estimate Medicaid and Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage gap rebates based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for the estimated payor mix. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenues are recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenues and the establishment of a current liability that is included as accounts payable and accrued expenses on our balance sheet. Our liability for these rebates consists primarily of estimates of claims expected to be received in future periods related to recognized revenues. Chargebacks and Discounts : Chargebacks for fees and discounts represent the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products to certain specialty pharmacy providers, in-office dispensing providers, group purchasing organizations, and government entities at prices lower than the list prices charged to distributors. The distributors charge us for the difference between what they pay for the products and our contracted selling price to these specialty pharmacy providers, in-office dispensing providers, group purchasing organizations, and government entities. In addition, we have contractual agreements with pharmacy benefit managers who charge us for rebates and administrative fee in connection with the utilization of product. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenues are recognized, resulting in a reduction of revenues. Chargeback amounts are generally determined at the time of resale of product by our distributors. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold consists primarily of expenses for raw materials, packaging, shipping and distribution of Endari®. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of expenditures for new products and technologies consisting primarily of fees paid to contract research organizations (“CRO”) that conduct clinical trials of our product candidates, payroll-related expenses, study site payments, consultant fees and activities related to regulatory filings, manufacturing development costs and other related costs. The costs of later-stage clinical studies such as Phase 2 and 3 trials are generally substantially higher than those of earlier studies due to their larger size, expanded scope, patient related healthcare and regulatory compliance costs, and generally longer duration of later-stage clinical studies. Our contracts with CROs are generally based on time and materials expended, whereas study site agreements are generally based on costs per patient as well as other pass-through costs, including start-up costs and institutional review board fees. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment 23 flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical trial milestones. Future research and development expenses will depend on any new product candidates or technologies that we may introduce into our research and development pipeline. In addition, we cannot predict which product candidates may be subject to future collaborations, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree, if any, such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements. Due to the inherently unpredictable nature of the drug approval process and the interpretation of the regulatory requirements, we are unable to estimate the amount of costs of obtaining regulatory approval of Endari® outside of the U.S. or the development of our other preclinical and clinical programs. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations and can vary widely. These and other risks and uncertainties relating to product development are described in the Annual Report under the headings “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Regulatory Oversight of Our Business and Compliance with Law.” General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related employee costs, including share-based compensation for our directors, executive officers and employees. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs, patent filing costs and professional fees and expenses for legal, consulting, auditing and tax services. Inflation has not had a material impact on our general and administrative expenses over the past two years. Selling Expenses Selling expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel involved in the launch, promotion, sale and marketing of our products. Other selling cost include advertising, third party consulting costs, the cost of in-house sales personnel and travel-related costs. We expect selling expenses to increase as we acquire additional sales and administrative personnel to support the commercialization of Endari® in the U.S. and abroad. Inventories Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods and work-in-process and are valued on a first-in, first-out basis and at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Substantially all raw materials purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were supplied by one vendor. Results of Operations: Three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 Net revenues, Net . Net revenues increased by $0.2 million, or 3%, to $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in net revenues was primarily attributable to bulk order purchases and recovery from the temporary disruptions in revenues related to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020. Cost of Goods Sold . Cost of goods sold decreased by $0.1 million, or 8%, to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Research and Development Expenses . Research and development expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 25%, to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to nearing completion of the preclinical phase of our diverticulosis study. We expect our research and development costs to increase in the remainder of 2021. Selling Expenses . Selling expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 15%, to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in selling expenses was primarily due to an increase of travel expenses as travel restrictions due to Covid-19 have been eased. General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 7%, to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due to an increase of $0.2 million in payroll expenses attributable to our Dubai office. 24 Other Income ( Expense ) . Total other expense in creased by $ 8.8 million, or 1 49 %, to $ 2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 202 1, compared to $ 5. 9 million of other income for the three months ended September 30, 20 20 . The increase was primarily due to decreases of $ 6.5 million in net income on investment in marketable securities, $ 1.4 million in change in fair value of embedded conversion option and $0.9 million in change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities and an increase of $0.9 million in foreign exchange loss , partially offset by a decrease of $ 0. 9 million in interest expense. Net Income (Loss) . Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased by $8.7 million, or 156%, to a net loss of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 from net income of $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increased net loss was due to the decrease of $8.8 million in other expense as discussed above, partially offset by a decrease of $0.1 million in income tax provision. Nine months ended September 30, 2021and 2020 Net revenues, Net . Net revenues increased by $0.7 million, or 4%, to $17.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $16.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in net revenues was primarily attributable to higher bulk order purchases compared to the same period in 2020 and gradual recovery from the temporary disruptions in revenues related the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020. Cost of Goods Sold . Cost of goods sold decreased by $0.1 million or 7%, to $1.3 million for nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Research and Development Expenses . Research and development expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 65%, to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to $0.5 million in cash and $0.5 million in shares of the Company’s stock issued under the agreement with Kainos to lead the clinical development of Kainos’ patented IRAK4 inhibitor and an increase of $0.6 million relates to a pharmacokinetic characteristic and safety study for Endari® and clinical study in Europe partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million relating to our diverticulosis study. We expect our research and development costs to increase in the remainder of 2021. Selling Expenses . Selling expenses increased by $0.7 million, or 21%, to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to increased headcount of our in-house sales team and increased travel expenses. General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 4%, to $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $10.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.3 million in insurance expenses, $0.3 million of professional fees, $0.2 million of recruiting expenses and $0.1 million of public relations expenses, partially offset by an increase of $0.5 million of Dubai office operating expenses. Other Income (Expense) . Total other expense increased by $10.0 million, or 475%, to $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2.1 million of other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in other expenses was primarily due to decreases of $7.7 million in net gain on investment in marketable securities, $1.2 million in change in fair value of conversion feature derivative and $1.0 million in change in fair value of warrant derivative liabilities, and an increase of $2.1 million in loss in foreign exchange loss, partially offset by a decrease of $2.3 million interest expenses. Net Income (Loss) . Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased by $10.7 million, or 660% to $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net income of $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily a result of increases of $10.0 million in other expense and $0.8 million in loss from operations as discussed above. Liquidity and Capital Resources We anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future until we can generate increased net revenues from Endari® sales. Based on our losses, anticipated future revenues and operating expenses and cash and cash equivalents of $2.3 million as of September 30, 2021, we believe our working capital is sufficient to meet our needs at least through the fourth quarter of 2022. If future revenues are less than anticipated or we incur more expenses than we anticipate, we may not have sufficient operating capital for our business without curtailing certain operations, our investment in equity method investment (EJ Holdings) or raising additional capital. Except as described below, we have no understanding or arrangements with respect to future financings, and there can be no assurance of the availability of such capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. 25 Effective February 22, 2021, our subsidiary, Emmaus Medical, Inc., or Emmaus Medical, entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Prestige Capital Finance, LLC, or Prestige Capital, pursuant to which Emmaus Medical may offer and sell to Prestige Capital from time to time eligible accounts receivable in exchange for Prestige Capital’s down payment, or advance, to Emmaus Medical of 70% (subject to increase to 75%) of the face amount of the accounts receivable, subject to a $7,500,000 cap on advances at any time. The balance of the face amount of the accounts receivable will be reserved by Prestige Capital and paid to Emmaus Medical, less discount fees of Prestige Capital ranging from 2.25% to 7.25% of the face amount, as and when Prestige Capital collects the entire face amount of the accounts receivable. Cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash used in operating activities decreased by $2.2 million, or 51%, to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to a decrease of $2.5 million in working capital. Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $38.6 million, or 116%, to $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from net cash provided by investing activities of $33.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a $3.0 million loan to equity method investee and a $35.6 million of proceeds from sales of Telcon stock received during 2020. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $7.3 million to net cash provided by financing activities of $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from net cash used in financing activities of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was the result of $14.5 million in proceeds from the sales of convertible promissory notes, partially offset by a $6.2 million used to prepay our outstanding 10% Senior Secured Convertible Debentures. Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements. Critical Accounting Policies Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments, including those described below. We base our estimates on our historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the present circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies” in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Amended Annual Report for our critical accounting policies. There have been no material changes in any of our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Not required for a smaller reporting company. Item 4. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Disclosure controls and procedures (“DCP”) are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. DCP include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under 26 the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our DCP. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s DCP were not effective. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Material Weakness and Plan of Remediation A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that pose a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Material weaknesses might cause information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits to not be recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. We conducted an evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a‑15 of the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our DCP as of September 30, 2021. This evaluation was conducted under the supervision (and with the participation) of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our DCP were not effective as of September 30, 2021, because of the continuance of a material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting first identified in 2019 due to inadequate application of GAAP on certain complex transactions, inadequate financial closing process, timely filing of periodic and annual financial statements, segregation of duties including access control of information technology especially financial information, inadequate documentation of policies and procedures over risk assessments, internal control and significant account process and insufficient entity risk assessment process. In 2019, we began to implement measures designed to remediate the underlying causes of the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weaknesses, including, without limitation: • engaging a third-party accounting consulting firm to assist us in the review of our application of GAAP on complex debt financing transactions and revenue recognition under ASC 606; • using a GAAP Disclosure and SEC Reporting Checklist; • increasing the continuing professional training and academic education on accounting subjects for accounting staff; • enhancing the level of the precision of review controls related to our financial close and reporting; and • engaging other supplemental internal and external resources. Our management and board of directors are committed to the remediation of the material weaknesses, as well as the continued improvement of our overall system of internal control over financial reporting. In addition to the measures described above, we also intend to consider upgrading our financial accounting systems and software as our finances permit. Further, we recently established a Disclosure Committee to ensure more effective internal communications significant transactions. We believe these measures will remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weakness. As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate these control deficiencies, we may determine that additional remediation measures may be required. We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and believe that these remediation actions will represent improvements in our internal control over financial reporting when they are fully implemented. The material weaknesses will not be considered fully remediated until controls have been designed and implemented for a sufficient period of time for our management to conclude that the control environment is operating effectively. There is no assurance that our remediation efforts will be successful or that our internal control over financial reporting or DCP will be effective. 27 28 Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Not applicable. Item 1A. Risk Factors Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Report. Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds None. Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities None. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. Item 5. Other Information None. 29 Item 6. Exhibits (a) Exhibits Incorporated by Reference Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed/ Furnished 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Item 601(b)(31) of Regulation S-K, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 * 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant of Item 601(b)(31) of Regulation S-K, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 * 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ** 101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) * Filed herewith. ** Furnished herewith and not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings. 30 EMMAUS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Emmaus Life Sciences, Inc. Dated: November 12, 2021 By: /s/ Yutaka Niihara Name: Yutaka Niihara, M.D., M.P.H. Its: Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Yasushi Nagasaki Name: Yasushi Nagasaki Its: Chief Financial Officer 31