ENERGY FOCUS, INC/DE 10-K

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management must evaluate, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this report. Management, with the participation of our current Chief Executive Officer, did evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2022. Management’s report on internal controls over financial reporting Management of Energy Focus, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 based upon criteria established in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO Framework”). An effective internal control system, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or overriding of controls; therefore, it can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to reliable financial reporting. Furthermore, effectiveness of an internal control system in future periods cannot be guaranteed, because the design of any system of internal controls is based in part upon assumptions about the likelihood of future events. There can be no assurance that any control design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, certain controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies and procedures may deteriorate. As such, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Based upon our evaluation under the COSO framework as of December 31, 2022, management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Changes in internal control over financial reporting During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS Not applicable. 78 Table of Contents PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. Except as set forth in Part I, the information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will appear in the definitive Energy Focus, Inc. Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or about June 15, 2023, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K (other than the portions thereof not deemed to be “filed” for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) (1) Financial statements The financial statements required by this Item 15(a)(1) are set forth in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report. (2) Financial statement schedules Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts is set forth below. All other schedules are omitted either because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or the notes. SCHEDULE II ENERGY FOCUS, INC. SCHEDULE OF VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (amounts in thousands) Description Beginning Balance Charges to Revenue/ Expense Deductions Ending Balance Year ended December 31, 2022 Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns $ 14 $ 29 $ 17 $ 26 Inventory reserves 3,050 312 835 2,527 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 18,931 1,833 — 20,764 Year ended December 31, 2021 Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns $ 8 $ 6 $ — $ 14 Inventory reserves 2,894 281 125 3,050 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 16,363 2,568 — 18,931 (3) Exhibits EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Description of Documents 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed May 1, 2006). 79 Table of Contents 3.2 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 3.3 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 9, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 3.4 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 3.5 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 16, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014). 3.6 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 24, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2015). 3.7 Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 15, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 3.8 Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 29, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2019). 3.9 Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on May 30, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2019). 3.10 Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 15, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 3.11 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 11, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 11, 2020). 3.12 Bylaws of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2020). 3.13 Certificate of Ownership and Merger, Merging Energy Focus, Inc., a Delaware corporation, into Fiberstars, Ind. a Delaware corporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on May 4, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 10, 2007). 4.1 Description of Securities of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2020). 4.2 Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2020). 4.3 Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2020). 4.4 Form of Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 25, 2021). 4.5 Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2021). 4.6 Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2022). 10.1* 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF14A filed on August 16, 2013). 10.2* 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference from Appendix B to the Registrant’s Preliminary Proxy Statement on Form PRER14A filed on June 8, 2012). 10.3* 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2018). 10.4* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement to Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014). 10.5* Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement to Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014). 10.6* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement to Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014). 10.7* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Agreement to Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2018). 10.8* Form of Incentive Stock Option Grant Agreement to Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014). 80 Table of Contents 10.9* Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 13, 2013). 10.1 0 * Energy Focus, Inc. Executive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2019). 10.11 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 9, 2020, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2020). 10.12 Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2020, by and between the Company and Crossroads Financial Group, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 2020). 10. 13 * Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2020). 10. 14 * Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2020). 10. 15 * Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2020). 10. 16 * Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement for Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2020). 10. 17 * Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2020). 10.18 First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dates as of April 20, 2021 by and between the Company and Crossroads Financial Group, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2021). 10. 19 ## Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2021, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2021). 10.20 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2021, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2021). 10.21 Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 21, 2022 by and between the Company and Streeterville Capital, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 25, 2022). 10.22 Promissory Note, dated as of April 21, 2022 by and between the Company and Streeterville Capital, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 25, 2022). 10.23 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2022 by and between the Company and Certain Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2022). 10.24 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of June 3, 2022 by and between the Company and Certain Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2022). 10.25* Amended and Restated Energy Focus, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, dated as of June 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2022). 10.26* Chief Executive Officer Offer Letter dated September 6, 2022 between Lesley A. Matt and Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2022). 10.27 Promissory Note, dated as of September 16, 2022, by and between the Company and Mei-Yun Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2022). 10.28 Promissory Note, dated as of October 27, 2022, by and between the Company and Jay Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2022). 10.29 Promissory Note, dated as of November 4, 2022, by and between the Company and Jay Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2022). 10.30 Promissory Note, dated as of November 9, 2022, by and between the Company and Mei-Yun Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2022). 10.31 Promissory Note, dated as of December 6, 2022, by and between the Company and Jay Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2022). 10.32 Promissory Note, dated as of December 21, 2022, by and between the Company and Jay Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2022). 10.33 Promissory Note, dated as of December 30, 2022, by and between the Company and Tingyu Lin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2023). 10.34 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2023, between the Company and Mei Yun Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 11, 2023). 10.35 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2023, between the Company and Mei Yun Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 11, 2023). 10.36 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2023). 81 Table of Contents 10.37 Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2023). 10.38 Form of Exchange Agreement, dated January 17, 2023, between the Company and Mei Yun (Gina) Huang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2023). 10.39 Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated January 18, 2023, between the Company and Crossroads Financial Group, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2023). 10.40 Amendment to Promissory Note, dated January 17, 2023, between the Company and Streeterville Capital, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2023). 21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed with this Report). 23.1 Consent of GBQ Partners, LLC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed with this Report). 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1+ Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101+** The following financial information from Energy Focus, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 104** Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. ** Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act, or Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of these sections. + This exhibit will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. # Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10). ## Certain schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 82 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized. ENERGY FOCUS, INC. Date: March 23, 2023 By: /s/ Lesley A. Matt Lesley A. Matt Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated and on the date indicated: Date Signature Title March 23, 2023 /s/ Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang Chiao Chieh (Jay) Huang Director and Chairman of the Board March 23, 2023 /s/ Wen-Jeng Chang Wen-Jeng Chang Director March 23, 2023 /s/ Jennifer Y. Cheng Jennifer Y. Cheng Director March 23, 2023 /s/ Gina Huang (Mei Yun Huang) Gina Huang (Mei Yun Huang) Director March 23, 2023 /s/ K.R. “Kaj” den Daas K.R. “Kaj” den Daas Director March 23, 2023 /s/ Brian J. Lagarto Brian J. Lagarto Director March 23, 2023 /s/ Jeffery R. Parker Jeffery R. Parker Director March 23, 2023 /s/ Stephen Socolof Stephen Socolof Director and Lead Independent Director 83