DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Firm ID 23 ) 76 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 77 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 78 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 79 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 80 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 81-95 75 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc.: Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters. /s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP Minneapolis, Minnesota March 30, 2026 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018. 76 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, except share amounts) December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 15,647 $ 3,025 Marketable securities 44,243 41,122 Prepaid expenses and other assets 481 227 Amounts receivable 258 236 Total current assets 60,629 44,610 Non-current assets: Deferred offering costs 400 — Operating lease right-of-use asset 197 279 Property and equipment, net 145 148 Deposits — 1,308 Total non-current assets 742 1,735 Total assets $ 61,371 $ 46,345 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,475 $ 940 Accrued liabilities 3,545 4,347 Operating lease obligation 101 90 Finance lease obligation 11 13 Total current liabilities 5,132 5,390 Non-current liabilities: Operating lease obligation, non-current 124 225 Finance lease obligation, non-current 4 12 Total non-current liabilities 128 237 Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) Shareholders’ equity: Common shares, no par value; unlimited authorized; 53,742,370 and 42,818,660 shares issued and outstanding, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively — — Paid-in capital 228,829 180,697 Accumulated other comprehensive income 50 23 Accumulated deficit ( 172,768 ) ( 140,002 ) Total shareholders’ equity 56,111 40,718 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 61,371 $ 46,345 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 77 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Operating expenses: Research and development $ 24,614 $ 19,057 General and administrative 9,783 7,624 Total operating expenses 34,397 26,681 Operating loss ( 34,397 ) ( 26,681 ) Other income: Other income, net 1,659 2,267 Total other income, net 1,659 2,267 Loss before income tax expense ( 32,738 ) ( 24,414 ) Income tax expense ( 28 ) ( 30 ) Net loss ( 32,766 ) ( 24,444 ) Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain on marketable securities 27 17 Comprehensive loss $ ( 32,739 ) $ ( 24,427 ) Basic and diluted net loss per share $ ( 0.70 ) $ ( 0.60 ) Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted 46,980,777 40,404,681 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 78 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Consolidated Statements of Shareholders ’ Equity (In thousands, except share amounts) Common Shares Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Shareholders’ Equity Balances at December 31, 2023 37,958,000 $ 166,609 $ 6 $ ( 115,558 ) $ 51,057 Issuance of common shares under Private Placement, net of offering costs of $ 0.1 million 4,720,000 11,747 — — 11,747 Issuance of common shares upon the exercise of stock options 117,000 256 — — 256 Issuance of common shares upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units 23,660 — — — — Share-based compensation expense — 2,085 — — 2,085 Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — 17 — 17 Net loss — — — ( 24,444 ) ( 24,444 ) Balances at December 31, 2024 42,818,660 $ 180,697 $ 23 $ ( 140,002 ) $ 40,718 Issuance of common shares under Private Placement, net of offering costs of $ 0.2 million 8,606,425 29,967 — — 29,967 Sale of common shares, net of offering costs of $ 0.4 million 1,724,472 13,315 — — 13,315 Issuance of common shares upon the exercise of stock options 415,253 1,004 — — 1,004 Issuance of common shares in settlement of deferred stock units 142,345 — — — — Issuance of common shares upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units 35,215 — — — — Share-based compensation expense — 3,846 — — 3,846 Unrealized gain on marketable securities — — 27 — 27 Net loss — — — ( 32,766 ) ( 32,766 ) Balances at December 31, 2025 53,742,370 $ 228,829 $ 50 $ ( 172,768 ) $ 56,111 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 79 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 32,766 ) $ ( 24,444 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Share-based compensation 3,846 2,085 Amortization of discounts on marketable securities ( 942 ) ( 1,343 ) Non-cash lease expense 82 75 Depreciation 43 39 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Prepaid expenses and other assets ( 254 ) 184 Amounts receivable ( 22 ) 133 Deposits 1,308 ( 1,308 ) Accounts payable 535 14 Accrued liabilities ( 892 ) 2,489 Net cash used in operating activities ( 29,062 ) ( 22,076 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of marketable securities ( 59,278 ) ( 50,411 ) Maturities and sales of marketable securities 57,126 59,000 Purchase of property and equipment ( 40 ) ( 25 ) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities ( 2,192 ) 8,564 Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs 43,282 11,747 Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 1,004 256 Principal payments on finance lease obligations ( 10 ) ( 9 ) Deferred financing costs, net ( 400 ) — Net cash provided by financing activities 43,876 11,994 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 12,622 ( 1,518 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 3,025 4,543 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 15,647 $ 3,025 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for income taxes $ 28 $ 26 Assets acquired under financing lease $ — $ 30 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 80 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Business DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, DiaMedica USA Inc. and DiaMedica Australia Pty Ltd. (collectively, we, us, our, DiaMedica and the Company), is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel treatments for preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). DiaMedica’s lead product candidate, DM199, is the first pharmaceutically active recombinant (synthetic) form of the human tissue kallikrein-1 (KLK1) protein, an established therapeutic modality in Asia for the treatment of preeclampsia, acute ischemic stroke and other vascular diseases. Our common shares are publicly traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DMAC.” 2. Risks and Uncertainties DiaMedica operates in a highly regulated and competitive environment. The development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products require approval from, and are subject to ongoing oversight by, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the European Union, and comparable agencies in other countries. We are in the clinical stage of development of our lead product candidate, DM199, for the treatment of PE and AIS. We have not completed the development of any product candidate and do not generate any revenues from the commercial sale of any product candidate. Our lead product candidate, DM199, requires significant additional clinical testing and investment prior to seeking marketing approval and is not expected to be commercially available for at least three to four years, if at all. With respect to our PE clinical program, a Phase 2 open-label, single center, single-arm, safety and pharmacodynamic, proof-of-concept, investigator-sponsored study of DM199 for the treatment of PE is currently being conducted at the Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. This Phase 2 study consists of three studies in PE (Part 1a, dose-escalation; Part 1b, dose-expansion; and Part 2, expectant management) and a fourth study in fetal growth restriction (FGR, Part 3, expectant management). Part 1a topline study results are intended to identify a suitable dose for Parts 1b, 2, and 3. Up to 90 women with PE and potentially an additional 30 subjects with fetal growth restriction may be evaluated. The first subject in Part 1a was enrolled in the fourth quarter of 2024 and interim results from Part 1a of the study were released in July 2025. The interim results (N=28 subjects) demonstrated that DM199 appears safe and well-tolerated with clinically-relevant pharmacodynamic activity with no evidence of placental transfer. Additionally, subjects exhibited rapid, statistically significant reductions in blood pressure with duration of effect that was sustained up to 24 hours post-infusion compared to pre-treatment baseline. Preparations are underway to initiate Part 1b where up to 30 subjects with PE and expected delivery within 72 hours will be treated with a dose regimen identified from Part 1a. With respect to our AIS clinical program, we are currently conducting a Phase 2/3, adaptive design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DM199 for the treatment of AIS, (the ReMEDy2 trial). Our ReMEDy2 trial is intended to enroll approximately 300 participants at up to 100 sites globally. The adaptive design component includes an interim analysis by our independent data safety monitoring board to be conducted after the first 200 participants have completed the trial. Based on the results of the interim analysis, the study may then be stopped for futility or the final sample size will be determined, ranging between 300 and 728 patients, according to a pre-determined statistical plan. We have experienced and continue to experience slower than expected site activations and enrollment in our ReMEDy2 trial. We believe these conditions may be due to hospital and medical facility staffing shortages; inclusion/exclusion criteria in the study protocol; concerns managing logistics and protocol compliance for participants discharged from the hospital to an intermediate care facility; concerns regarding the prior clinically significant hypotension events and circumstances surrounding the previous clinical hold; use of artificial intelligence and telemedicine which have enabled smaller hospitals to retain AIS patients not eligible for mechanical thrombectomy instead of sending these patients to the larger stroke centers which are more likely to be sites in our trial; and competition for research staff and trial subjects due to other pending stroke and neurological trials. We continue to reach out to current and potential study sites to understand the specific issues at each study site. In an effort to mitigate the impact of these factors, we have significantly expanded our internal clinical team and have brought in-house certain trial activities, including site identification, qualification and activation, clinical site monitoring, supporting vendor management and overall program management. We are currently conducting our ReMEDy2 trial in the United States and in the countries of Canada and Georgia. We are in the process of preparing regulatory filings and identifying and engaging study sites in an additional seven European countries and, on August 28, 2025, received approval for the conduct of this study in the United Kingdom. We continue to work closely with our contract research organizations and other advisors to develop procedures to support both U.S. and global study sites and potential participants as needed. We intend to continue to monitor the results of these efforts and, if necessary, implement additional actions to enhance site activations and enrollment in our ReMEDy2 trial; however, no assurances can be provided as to the success of these actions and if or when these issues will resolve. Failure to resolve these issues may result in further delays in our ReMEDy2 trial and increase the difficulty in forecasting enrollment. We currently estimate that the interim analysis will be completed in the second half of 2026. 81 Our future success is dependent upon the success of our development efforts, our ability to demonstrate clinical progress for our DM199 product candidate in the United States or other markets, our ability, or the ability of any future partner, to obtain required governmental approvals of our product candidate, our ability to license or market and sell our DM199 product candidate and our ability to obtain additional financing to fund these efforts. As of December 31, 2025, we have incurred losses of $ 172.8 million since our inception in 2000. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred a net loss of $ 32.8 million and negative cash flows from operating activities of $ 29.1 million. We expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses until such time as any future product sales, licensing fees, milestone payments and/or royalty payments generate revenue sufficient to fund our continuing operations. For the foreseeable future, we expect to incur significant operating losses as we continue the development and clinical study of, and to seek regulatory approval for, our DM199 product candidate. As of December 31, 2025, we had combined cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $ 59.9 million, working capital of $ 55.5 million, and shareholders’ equity of $ 56.1 million. Our principal source of cash has been net proceeds from the issuance of equity securities. Although we have previously been successful in obtaining financing through equity securities offerings, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future. This is particularly true if our clinical data are not positive or if economic and market conditions deteriorate. We expect that we will need substantial additional capital to further our research and development activities and complete the required clinical studies, regulatory activities and manufacturing development for our product candidate, DM199, or any future product candidates, to a point where they may be licensed or commercially sold. We expect our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to be sufficient to fund our planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including timing and results of our ongoing development efforts, including our current ReMEDy2 trial and the rate of site activation and participant enrollment in the study; the Phase 2 PE trial; the potential expansion of our current development programs; the effects of ongoing site staffing shortages; and other factors on our clinical trials and our operating expenses. We may require significant additional funds earlier than we currently expect and there is no assurance that we will not need or seek additional funding prior to such time, especially if market conditions for raising capital are favorable. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and expenses of DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc., and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, DiaMedica USA, Inc. and DiaMedica Australia Pty Ltd. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Functional currency The United States dollar is our functional currency as it represents the economic effects of the underlying transactions, events and conditions and various other factors, including the currency of historical and future expenditures and the currency in which funds from financing activities are mostly generated by the Company. A change in the functional currency occurs only when there is a material change in the underlying transactions, events and condition. A change in functional currency could result in material differences in the amounts recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for foreign exchange gains and losses. All amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. Segments The Company operates in a single segment focusing on developing potentially transformative treatments for severe ischemic diseases. Consistent with the Company’s operational structure, its chief operating decision maker manages and allocates resources for the Company at a consolidated level. Therefore, results of the Company's operations are reported on a consolidated basis for purposes of segment reporting. Substantially all assets of the Company are held in the United States. 82 Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and cash equivalents The Company considers all bank deposits, including money market funds and other investments, purchased with an original maturity to the Company of three months or less, to be cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amount of the Company’s cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short maturity of the investments. Marketable securities The Company’s marketable securities may consist of obligations of the United States government and its agencies, bank certificates of deposit and investment grade corporate obligations, which are classified as available-for-sale. Marketable securities which mature within 12 months from their purchase date are included in current assets. Securities are generally valued based on market prices for similar assets using third-party certified pricing sources and are carried at fair value. The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization or accretion is included in interest income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are calculated on the specific identification method. Interest income is included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations. We conduct periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each available-for-sale debt security that is in an unrealized loss position in order to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment exists. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Declines in fair value considered to be temporary and caused by noncredit-related factors of the issuer, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which is a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Declines in fair value that are other than temporary or caused by credit-related factors of the issuer, are recorded within earnings as an impairment loss. There were no material other-than-temporary unrealized losses as of December 31, 2025 or 2024. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company maintains its cash balances primarily with two financial institutions. These balances generally exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents. The Company believes that the credit risk related to marketable securities is limited due to the adherence to an investment policy focused on the preservation of principal. Fair value measurements Under the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The authoritative guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The categorization of financial assets and financial liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels defined as follows: Level 1 Inputs — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities Level 2 Inputs — observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities Level 3 Inputs — unobservable inputs 83 As of December 31, 2025, the Company believes that the carrying amounts of its other financial instruments, including amounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. See Note 4, titled “ Marketable Securities ” for additional information. Long-lived assets Property and equipment are stated at purchased cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to ten years for office equipment and four years for computer equipment. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheets and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or related group of assets may not be recoverable. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized at that time. Measurement of impairment may be based upon appraisal, market value of similar assets or discounted cash flows. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. We have made a policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components for our real estate leases to the extent they are fixed. Non-lease components that are not fixed are expensed as incurred as variable lease expense. Our facility lease includes variable non-lease components, such as common-area maintenance costs. Our operating lease is included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and operating lease obligations on our consolidated balance sheets. Our operating lease ROU asset represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The operating lease ROU asset and operating lease obligation are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease does not provide an implicit rate and, due to the lack of a commercially salable product, we are generally considered unable to obtain commercial credit. Therefore, considering the quoted rates for the lowest investment-grade debt and the interest rates implicit in recent financing leases, we estimated our incremental borrowing rate. The operating lease ROU asset excludes lease incentives. Our lease includes an option to extend or terminate the lease; lease terms are only adjusted for these options when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options to extend or terminate the lease. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Assumptions made by us at the commencement date are re-evaluated upon occurrence of certain events, including a lease modification. A lease modification results in a separate contract when the modification grants the lessee an additional right of use not included in the original lease and when lease payments increase commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use. When a lease modification results in a separate contract, it is accounted for in the same manner as a new lease. Research and development costs Research and development expenses consist primarily of fees paid to external service providers such as contract research organizations; clinical support services; clinical development including clinical site costs; outside nursing services; and laboratory testing. R&D costs also include non-clinical testing; fees paid to our contract manufacturing and development organizations and outside laboratories for development of DM199 and related manufacturing processes; costs for production runs of DM199; consulting resources with specialized expertise related to the execution of our development plan for DM199; and personnel costs, including salaries, benefits, non-cash share-based compensation expense; and other personnel costs. We charge research and development costs to expense when incurred. Our human clinical trials are performed at clinical trial sites and are administered jointly by us with assistance from various contract research organizations. Upfront costs of setting up clinical trial sites are accrued upon execution of the study agreement. Expenses related to the performance of clinical trials are recorded or accrued based on actual invoices received and estimates of work completed to date by clinical trial sites, contract research organizations and outside vendors that assist with management and performance of the trials, and those that manufacture the investigational product. While we utilize electronic data capture systems to facilitate the transmission and capture of clinical trial activity, such information is often incomplete or delayed. Therefore, we are required to estimate the levels of performance under each significant contract, including, among other things, the extent of participant enrollment, the extent of supporting services performed and other activities through communications with the clinical trial sites, CROs and supporting vendors and adjust the estimates, if required, on a quarterly basis so that clinical expenses reflect the actual work performed at each clinical trial site and by each CRO or supporting vendor. Additionally, actual costs may be charged to us and are recognized as the tasks are completed by the clinical trial site. Accrued R&D costs may be subject to revisions as clinical trials, non-clinical research and DM199 development programs progress and any revisions are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revisions become known. 84 Patent costs Costs associated with applying for, prosecuting and maintaining patents are expensed as incurred given the uncertainty of patent approval and, if approved, the resulting probable future economic benefit to the Company. Patent-related costs, consisting primarily of legal expenses and filing/maintenance fees, are included in general and administrative costs and were $ 377,000 and $ 251,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation The cost of employee and non-employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments is measured and recognized based on the estimated grant date fair value of those awards. Compensation cost is recognized ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the vesting period, which is considered to be the requisite service period. We record forfeitures in the periods in which they occur. The fair value of option awards is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards is affected by our share price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. Risk free interest rates are based upon United States Government bond rates appropriate for the expected term of each award. Expected volatility rates are based on the historical volatility over a period equal to the expected term of the option. The assumed dividend yield is zero, as we do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future. The expected term of options is estimated considering the vesting period at the grant date, the life of the option and the average length of time similar grants have remained outstanding in the past. Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, and expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against the gross deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. See Note 16, titled “ Income Taxes ” for additional information. The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense. Net loss per share We compute net loss per share by dividing our net loss (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period. Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period, if any, are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings per share, or EPS, is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Our diluted EPS is the same as basic EPS due to the exclusion of common share equivalents as their effect would be anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes our calculation of net loss per common share for the periods presented (in thousands, except share and per share data): Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Net loss $ ( 32,766 ) $ ( 24,444 ) Weighted average shares outstanding—basic and diluted 46,980,777 40,404,681 Basic and diluted net loss per share $ ( 0.70 ) $ ( 0.60 ) 85 The following outstanding potential common shares were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculations as their effects were not dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Employee and non-employee stock options 6,864,854 4,692,438 Common shares issuable upon settlement of deferred stock units 174,515 284,886 7,039,369 4,977,324 Recently adopted accounting pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 is intended to improve income tax disclosures primarily through enhanced disclosure of income tax rate reconciliation items, and disaggregation of income (loss) from continuing operations, income tax expense (benefit) and income taxes paid, net disclosures by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, among others. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. Adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Recently issued accounting pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (ASU 2024-03), which is intended to improve disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses by requiring disaggregated disclosure, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, of certain categories of expenses included in the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. ASU 2024-03 may be applied either on a prospective or retrospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on its consolidated financial statement disclosures. 4. Marketable Securities The available-for-sale marketable securities are primarily comprised of investments in commercial paper, corporate bonds and government securities and consist of the following, measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2025 Using Inputs Considered as Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Commercial paper and corporate bonds $ 4,822 $ — $ 4,822 $ — Government securities 39,421 — 39,421 — Total marketable securities $ 44,243 $ — $ 44,243 $ — Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2024 Using Inputs Considered as Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Commercial paper and corporate bonds $ 28,291 $ — $ 28,291 $ — Government securities 12,831 — 12,831 — Total marketable securities $ 41,122 $ — $ 41,122 $ — Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities was $ 250,000 and $ 235,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is included in amounts receivable. There were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2025. 86 Under the terms of the Company’s investment policy, purchases of marketable securities are limited to investment grade governmental and corporate obligations and bank certificates of deposit with a primary objective of principal preservation. Maturities of individual securities are less than one year, and the amortized cost of all securities approximated fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. 5. Amounts Receivable Amounts receivable consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Accrued interest receivable on marketable securities $ 250 $ 235 Other 8 1 Total amounts receivable $ 258 $ 236 6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Prepaid expenses and other assets consist primarily of insurance premiums, yearly subscriptions for services and deposits expected to be recovered during the next twelve months. 7. Deposits We periodically advance funds to vendors engaged to support the performance of our clinical trials and related supporting activities. The funds advanced are held, interest free, for varying periods of time and may be recovered by the Company through partial reductions of ongoing invoices, application against final study/project invoices or refunded upon completion of services to be provided. Deposits are classified as current or non-current based upon their expected recovery time. 8. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Computer equipment $ 151 $ 118 Furniture and equipment 128 128 Leasehold improvements 16 16 295 262 Less accumulated depreciation ( 150 ) ( 114 ) Property and equipment, net $ 145 $ 148 Depreciation expense was $ 43,000 and $ 39,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During 2025 and 2024, we disposed of $ 7,000 and $ 25,000 of equipment, respectively, all of which was fully depreciated. 9. Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Compensation $ 1,380 $ 1,060 Clinical trial costs 1,291 2,277 Research and development services 749 888 Professional services fees 120 112 Other 5 10 Total accrued liabilities $ 3,545 $ 4,347 87 10. Operating Lease In June 2022, we entered into an agreement to lease approximately 6,000 square feet of office space in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The lease commencement date was September 1, 2022, has a term of 65 months expiring on January 31, 2028, and included an incentive of five months of full rent abatement. This incentive is subject to repayment if we default in performance of any material obligations under the lease prior to the 48 th month of the lease and the landlord terminates the lease. Upon lease commencement, the Company recognized an operating lease right-of-use asset and a corresponding operating lease obligation of $ 446,000 , respectively. Our operating lease costs were $ 104,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our variable lease costs were $ 91,000 and $ 89,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Variable lease costs consist primarily of common area maintenance costs, insurance and taxes which are paid based upon actual costs incurred by the lessor. Maturities of our operating lease obligation are as follows as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands): 2026 $ 116 2027 119 2028 10 Total lease payments 245 Less interest portion ( 20 ) Present value of lease obligation 225 Less current portion of operating lease ( 101 ) Operating lease obligation, non-current $ 124 11. Commitments and Contingencies Clinical trials and product development In the normal course of business, we incur obligations to make future payments as we execute our business plan. These obligations may relate to preclinical or clinical studies, manufacturing or manufacturing process development and other related or supporting activities. Currently, these obligations include costs to be incurred with contract research organizations, central laboratory and pharmacy services, clinical study sites, home nursing services, various other vendors supporting the performance of our clinical trials and contract manufacturing and development organizations. The contracts we enter into with these vendors and the commitments within these contracts are subject to significant variability based upon the actual activities/services performed by each vendor. As a result, the ultimate amounts due may be materially different as these obligations are affected by, among other factors, the number and pace of clinical study sites activated, the number of countries in which clinical sites are activated, the number of participants enrolled, the amount of time to complete trial enrollment and the time required to finalize, analyze and report our clinical trial results. Clinical research agreements, including supporting vendors, are generally cancelable upon 60-90 days’ notice, with our obligation limited to costs incurred up to that date, including any non-cancelable costs. Cancelation terms for product manufacturing and process development contracts vary and are generally dependent upon timelines for sourcing research materials and reserving laboratory time. As of December 31, 2025, we estimate that our outstanding commitments, including such cancellable contracts, are approximately $ 24.7 million of which $ 19.3 million become due over the next 12 months and approximately $ 5.4 million become due in the next 12 months thereafter. Technology license We have entered into an exclusive license agreement with Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC (Catalent) whereby we have licensed certain gene expression technology and we contract with Catalent for the manufacture of DM199. Under the terms of this license, certain milestone and royalty payments may become due under this agreement and are dependent upon, among other factors, clinical trials, regulatory approvals and ultimately the successful development of a new drug, the outcome and timing of which is uncertain. As of December 31, 2025, one milestone payment obligation remains which is due upon our first regulatory approval of DM199 for commercial sale. Following the launch of our first product, we will also incur a royalty obligation of less than 1% of net sales. The royalty term is indefinite, but the license agreement may be canceled by us on 90 days’ prior written notice. The license may not be terminated by Catalent unless we fail to make required milestone and royalty payments. 88 Indemnification of directors and officers The Company, as permitted under laws of the BCBCA and in accordance with the Company’s Articles and indemnification agreements, will indemnify and advance expenses to its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and may choose to indemnify other employees or agents from time to time. The Company has secured insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in connection with their services to the Company. As of December 31, 2025, there was no pending litigation or proceeding involving any director or officer of the Company as to which indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company, the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. The Company believes the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company had not recorded any liabilities for these obligations as of December 31, 2025 or 2024. 12. Shareholders’ Equity Authorized capital stock DiaMedica has authorized share capital of an unlimited number of common voting shares, and the shares do not have a stated par value. Common shareholders are entitled to receive dividends as declared by the Company, if any, and are entitled to one vote per share at the Company’s annual general meeting and any extraordinary or special general meeting. Equity issued during the year ended December 31, 2025 On July 21, 2025, we entered into securities purchase agreements with accredited investors, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell an aggregate 8,606,425 common shares at a purchase price of $ 3.50 per share in a private placement. As a result of the offering, which closed on July 23, 2025, we received gross proceeds of $ 30.1 million, which resulted in net proceeds to us of approximately $ 30.0 million, after deducting the offering expenses. In connection with the July 2025 private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement (2025 Registration Rights Agreement) with the investors pursuant to which we agreed to file with the SEC a registration statement registering the resale of the shares sold in the July 2025 private placement (2025 Resale Registration Statement). The 2025 Resale Registration Statement was filed with the SEC on August 1, 2025 and declared effective by the SEC on August 8, 2025. Under the terms of the 2025 Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to keep the 2025 Resale Registration Statement effective at all times until the shares are no longer considered “Registrable Securities” under the 2025 Registration Rights Agreement and if we fail to keep the 2025 Resale Registration Statement effective, subject to certain permitted exceptions, we will be required to pay liquidated damages to the investors in an amount of up to 10 % of the invested capital, excluding interest. We also agreed, among other things, to indemnify the selling holders under the 2025 Resale Registration Statement from certain liabilities and to pay all fees and expenses incident to our performance of or compliance with the 2025 Registration Rights Agreement. On August 12, 2025, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the 2025 Sales Agreement) with TD Securities (USA) LLC (TD Cowen) under which the Company may, from time to time, sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 100 million, through an “at-the-market” offering program (ATM Offering). TD Cowen receives a customary commission from the Company for any common shares sold under the 2025 Sales Agreement. Any shares offered and sold in the ATM Offering are to be issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 424(b)(2), the prospectus contained therein, and one or more prospectus supplements. As of December 31, 2025, the remaining availability under this ATM was $ 86.2 million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, 142,345 common shares were issued upon settlement of deferred share units, 35,215 common shares were issued upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units, 415,253 common shares were issued upon the exercise of stock options for gross proceeds of $ 1.0 million and 1,724,472 common shares were issued and sold under our ATM Offering program for aggregate gross proceeds of $ 13.8 million. Equity issued during the year ended December 31, 2024 On June 25, 2024, we entered into securities purchase agreements with accredited investors, pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate 4,720,000 common shares at a purchase price of $ 2.50 per share in a private placement. As a result of the offering, which closed on June 28, 2024, we received gross proceeds of $ 11.8 million, which resulted in net proceeds to us of approximately $ 11.7 million, after deducting the offering expenses. 89 In connection with the June 2024 private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement (2024 Registration Rights Agreement) with the investors pursuant to which we agreed to file with the SEC a registration statement registering the resale of the shares sold in the June 2024 private placement. This registration statement was filed with the SEC on July 10, 2024 and declared effective by the SEC on July 18, 2024. Under the terms of the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to keep the registration statement effective at all times until the shares are no longer considered “Registrable Securities” under the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement and if we fail to keep the registration statement effective, subject to certain permitted exceptions, we will be required to pay liquidated damages to the investors in an amount of up to 10 % of the invested capital, excluding interest. We also agreed, among other things, to indemnify the selling holders under the registration statement from certain liabilities and to pay all fees and expenses incident to our performance of or compliance with the 2024 Registration Rights Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, 23,660 common shares were issued upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units and 117,000 common shares were issued upon the exercise of stock options for gross proceeds of $ 256,000 . Shares reserved Common shares reserved for future issuance are as follows: December 31, 2025 Employee and non-employee stock options 6,864,854 Common shares issuable upon settlement of deferred stock units 174,515 Shares available for grant under the Amended and Restated 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan 948,666 Shares available for grant under the 2021 Employment Inducement Incentive Plan 653,125 Total 8,641,160 13. Share-Based Compensation Amended and Restated 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan The DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Amended and Restated 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the 2019 Plan) was adopted by the Board of Directors (Board) on March 14, 2019 and approved by our shareholders at our 2019 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on May 22, 2019. Subsequent amendments to the plan, comprised principally of increasing the authorized shares under the plan, were approved by our shareholders at our 2022 and 2024 Annual General Meetings of Shareholders. The 2019 Plan permits the Board, or a committee or subcommittee thereof, to grant to the Company’s eligible employees, non-employee directors and certain consultants non-statutory and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (RSUs), deferred stock units (DSUs), performance awards, non-employee director awards and other share-based awards. We grant options to purchase common shares under the 2019 Plan at no less than the fair market value of the underlying common shares as of the date of grant. Options granted to employees and non-employee directors have a maximum term of ten years and generally vest over one to four years. Options granted to non-employees have a maximum term of five years and generally vest over one year. Subject to adjustment as provided in the 2019 Plan, the maximum number of the Company’s common shares authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan is 7,000,000 shares. As of December 31, 2025, options to purchase an aggregate of 5,402,444 common shares were outstanding and 164,770 common shares were reserved for issuance upon settlement of DSUs under the 2019 Plan. 2021 Employment Inducement Incentive Plan On December 3, 2021, the Board adopted the DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. 2021 Employment Inducement Incentive Plan (Inducement Plan) to facilitate the granting of equity awards as an inducement material to new employees joining the Company. The Inducement Plan was adopted without shareholder approval pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) and is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Board reserved 1,000,000 common shares of the Company for issuance under the Inducement Plan, which permits the grant of non-statutory options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards and other share-based awards, to eligible recipients. The only persons eligible to receive awards under the Inducement Plan are individuals who are new employees and satisfy the standards for inducement grants under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) or 5635(c)(3), as applicable. Also, on December 3, 2021, the Compensation Committee adopted a form of notice of option grant and option award agreement for use under the Inducement Plan, which contains terms substantially identical to the form of notice of option grant and option award agreement for use under the shareholder-approved 2019 Plan. The Inducement Plan has a term of 10 years. The share reserve under the Inducement Plan may be increased at the discretion of and approval by the Board and, on July 31, 2025, the Board increased the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the plan to 2,000,000 . As of December 31, 2025, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,100,000 common shares were outstanding under the Inducement Plan. 90 Prior stock option plan Our Board of Directors ceased granting awards under the DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Stock Option Plan, Amended and Restated November 6, 2018 (Prior Plan) upon receipt of the shareholder approval of the 2019 Plan. Awards outstanding under the Prior Plan remain outstanding in accordance with and pursuant to the terms thereof. Options granted under the Prior Plan have terms similar to those used under the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, options to purchase an aggregate of 362,410 common shares were outstanding under the Prior Plan. Prior deferred stock unit plan Our Board of Directors ended participation in the DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Stock Unit Plan (Prior DSU Plan) upon receipt of the shareholder approval of the 2019 Plan. Awards outstanding under the Prior DSU Plan remain outstanding in accordance with and pursuant to the terms thereof. As of December 31, 2025, there were 9,745 common shares reserved for issuance upon settlement of DSUs outstanding under the Prior DSU Plan. Stock options Share-based compensation expense for each of the periods presented is as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 General and administrative $ 2,526 $ 1,464 Research and development 1,320 621 Total share-based compensation $ 3,846 $ 2,085 We recognize share-based compensation for options awards based on the fair value of each award as estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Ultimately, the actual expense recognized over the vesting period will only be for those options that actually vest. A summary of option activity is as follows (in thousands except share and per share amounts): Shares Underlying Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share Aggregate Intrinsic Value Balances as of December 31, 2023 3,871,013 $ 3.61 $ 832 Granted 1,864,775 3.03 Forfeited ( 531,350 ) 2.96 Expired/cancelled ( 395,000 ) 5.08 Exercised ( 117,000 ) 2.19 Balances as of December 31, 2024 4,692,438 $ 3.33 $ 10,243 Granted 3,433,416 4.88 Forfeited ( 830,747 ) 3.80 Exercised ( 415,253 ) 2.43 Expired/cancelled ( 15,000 ) 5.02 Balances as of December 31, 2025 6,864,854 $ 4.11 $ 26,479 91 A summary of the status of our unvested shares underlying options during the year ended and as of December 31, 2025 is as follows: Shares Underlying Options Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Unvested as of December 31, 2024 2,371,983 $ 2.18 Granted 3,433,416 3.30 Vested ( 1,143,530 ) 2.28 Forfeited ( 801,372 ) 2.57 Unvested as of December 31, 2025 3,860,497 $ 3.06 Information about stock options outstanding, vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2025, is as follows: Outstanding, Vested and Expected to Vest Options Vested and Exercisable Per Share Exercise Price Shares Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Weighted Average Exercise Price Options Exercisable Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) $ 1.00 - $ 1.99 51,443 7.1 $ 1.64 42,989 1.66 $ 2.00 - $ 2.99 2,278,895 6.7 2.73 1,515,350 2.70 $ 3.00 - $ 3.99 311,893 4.7 3.56 247,519 3.66 $ 4.00 - $ 4.99 2,917,069 7.7 4.32 808,626 4.51 $ 5.00 - $ 5.99 549,287 7.6 5.16 256,787 5.03 $ 6.00 - $ 16.00 756,267 8.5 7.14 133,086 7.97 6,864,854 7.3 $ 4.11 3,004,357 3.68 The cumulative grant date fair value of employee options vested during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $ 2.6 million and $ 1.5 million, respectively. A total of 415,253 and 117,000 options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, total compensation expense related to unvested employee stock options not yet recognized was $ 10.6 million, which is expected to be allocated to expenses over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value under the Black-Scholes option valuation model are set forth in the following table for options issued by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: 2025 2024 Common share fair value $ 4.07 – $ 8.67 $ 2.40 – $ 5.38 Risk-free interest rate 3.7 – 4.4 % 3.8 – 4.5 % Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 % Expected option life (years) 5.0 – 5.6 5.5 – 5.7 Expected stock price volatility 75.7 – 83.3 % 83.0 – 124.1 % Deferred stock units and restricted stock units Under our non-employee director compensation program, non-employee directors may elect to receive RSUs or DSUs in lieu of all or a portion of the annual cash retainers payable to such director. Each RSU or DSU represents the right to receive one common share. These recipients receive a number of RSUs or DSUs equal to the amount of the elected portion of the annual cash retainers divided by the 10-trading day average closing sale price of our common shares as determined on the third business day prior to the anticipated grant date of the award. These annual RSU and DSU grants vest quarterly over one year, conditioned on continuous service. The cost of the RSUs and DSUs is measured and recognized based on the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. RSUs will be settled immediately upon vesting and DSU awards will be settled following a separation from service by such director. There were 174,515 and 284,886 vested DSUs outstanding under our share-based compensation plans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During 2025, 35,215 common shares were issued upon the vesting and settlement of RSUs. During 2024, 23,660 common shares were issued upon the vesting and settlement of RSUs. There were no unvested DSUs or RSUs as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. 92 14. Employee Benefit Plan We maintain an employee 401(k) retirement savings plan (401(k) Plan). The 401(k) Plan provides eligible employees with an opportunity to make tax-deferred contributions into a long-term investment and savings program. All employees over the age of 21 may elect to participate in the 401(k) Plan beginning on their hire date. The 401(k) Plan allows eligible employees to contribute a portion of their annual compensation, subject only to maximum limits required by law. We contribute an amount up to 4 % of each employees’ compensation under the safe harbor provisions provided by the Internal Revenue Service rules governing 401(k) plans. Employee and employer safe harbor contributions vest immediately. We have recorded contribution expenses of $ 234,000 and $ 166,000 under the 401(k) Plan for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. 15. Segment Information An operating segment is identified as a component of an enterprise that engages in business activities about which separate discrete financial information and operating results is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker (CODM) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company's CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company operates in a single operating segment focused on the development of its drug product candidate DM199 for the treatment of severe ischemic disease. The CODM manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company on a total company basis. Further, the CODM reviews and utilizes functional expenses (i.e., research, development and general and administrative) at the consolidated level to manage the Company's operations. Other segment items included in consolidated net loss are revenues, share-based compensation, interest income, other expense, net, and income tax expense, which are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total consolidated assets. The following table presents financial information, including significant segment expenses, which are regularly provided to the CODM and included within segment and consolidated net loss: Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Operating expenses, excluding share-based compensation Research and development $ 23,294 $ 18,436 General and administrative 7,257 6,160 Total operating expenses, excluding share-based compensation 30,551 24,596 Share-based compensation Research and development 1,320 621 General and administrative 2,526 1,464 Total share-based compensation 3,846 2,085 Operating loss ( 34,397 ) ( 26,681 ) Interest income 1,669 2,301 Other expense, net ( 10 ) ( 34 ) Income tax expense ( 28 ) ( 30 ) Segment and consolidated net loss $ ( 32,766 ) $ ( 24,444 ) 16. Income Taxes The domestic and foreign components of gain (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 Domestic (Canada) $ ( 33,119 ) $ ( 24,452 ) Foreign 381 38 Loss before income tax expense $ ( 32,738 ) $ ( 24,414 ) 93 The Company has computed its provision for income taxes based on the actual effective tax rate for the year as the Company believes this is the best estimate for the annual effective tax rate. The Company is subject to income taxes in Canada, the United States and Australia. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes benefits from uncertain tax positions based on the cumulative probability method whereby the largest benefit with a cumulative probability of greater than 50% is recorded. An uncertain tax position is not recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The provision for income taxes consists of: December 31, 2025 2024 Current Federal $ 24 $ 28 State — — Foreign 4 2 Total current $ 28 $ 30 Deferred Federal $ — $ — State — — Foreign — — Total deferred $ — $ — Total income tax expense $ 28 $ 30 The following table reconciles the expected Canadian statutory federal income tax to the actual income tax expense: December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Amount Percent Amount Percent Loss before income tax expense $ ( 32,738 ) $ ( 24,414 ) Canadian federal statutory rate ( 4,911 ) 15.0 % ( 3,662 ) 15.0 % Canadian provincial and local income tax rate ( 3,640 ) 11.1 % ( 2,719 ) 11.1 % Foreign tax effects ( 74 ) 0.2 % 13 ( 0.1 )% Nontaxable or nondeductible items Share-based compensation 515 ( 1.6 )% 273 ( 1.1 )% Share issuance costs ( 149 ) 0.5 % ( 8 ) 0.1 % Other ( 4 ) 0.0 % — 0.0 % Changes in valuation allowance 8,291 ( 25.3 )% 6,133 ( 25.1 )% Actual income tax expense $ 28 ( 0.1 )% $ 30 ( 0.1 )% As the operations of the Company are predominantly conducted through its Canadian parent company, the Company has prepared the tax rate table using the Canadian federal tax rate of 15 %. 94 The principal component of deferred taxes are as follows: December 31, 2025 2024 Deferred tax assets (liabilities): Non-capital losses carried forward $ 40,316 $ 32,240 Research and development expenditures 817 817 Patents and other 460 400 Share-based compensation 419 284 Share issue costs 379 275 Accruals 92 256 Property and equipment ( 71 ) ( 89 ) Total deferred tax asset, net 42,412 34,183 Valuation allowance ( 42,412 ) ( 34,183 ) Net deferred tax asset $ — $ — The following table presents a reconciliation of the valuation allowance: December 31, December 31, 2025 2024 Balance at beginning of the year $ 34,183 $ 28,039 Increase based on tax positions related to current period 8,229 6,144 Increase based on tax positions related to prior periods — — Balance at end of the year $ 42,412 $ 34,183 The Company assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate if it is more likely than not to use certain jurisdiction-based deferred tax assets including net operating loss carryovers. On the basis of this assessment, the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2025. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Sections 382 and 383, annual use of the Company’s net operating loss (“NOL”) and credit carryforwards may be limited by statute because of a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50%. Pursuant to Sections 382 and 383 of the IRC, the annual use of the Company’s NOLs and credit carryforwards would be limited if there is a cumulative change of ownership (as that term is defined in Section 382(g) of the IRC of greater than 50% in a three-year period). Management has not performed an analysis to determine if the Company has had a cumulative change in ownership of greater than 50%. Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2025, are as follows: Amount (In thousands) Expiration Years Non-capital income tax losses, net – domestic $ 145,679 Beginning 2027 Non-capital income tax losses, net – foreign — Research and development expense carry forwards 3,027 Indefinitely Tax credits 473 Beginning 2026 95 Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None.