What changed in this filing

/stocks — the workspaceLOADING

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

2025-02-26 compared with 2024-02-29 · 378 added, 339 removed, 1424 unchanged (33% of the section changed)

7 unchanged sentences

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Reporting Framework

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its reporting framework from International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

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The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

CRH Form 10-K 48

Goodwill - Philippines reporting unit - Refer to Notes 1 and 9 to the financial statements

Acquisitions - Valuation of Property, plant and equipment related to the Hunter and Adbri acquisitions - Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.3 billion in the Philippines reporting unit (RU) during the year ended December 31, 2023 (2022:

The Company’s evaluation of the carrying value of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of each RU to its carrying value.

The Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value, which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions relating to discount rates, short-term forecasts of sales growth, Adjusted EBITDA margin projections, and long-term growth rates (key assumptions).

Changes in these key assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value, the amount of any goodwill impairment charge, or both.

We determined that the assessment of the fair value of the Philippines RU was a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments and assumptions made by management to estimate the fair value of the RU given the fair value does not exceed the carrying value by a significant amount.

Performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s key assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.

On February 9, 2024, the Company wholly acquired a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete operations and assets in Texas, United States for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $2,106 million (the ‘Hunter’ acquisition), and on July 1, 2024, it acquired 57% of the issued share capital of Adbri, a materials business in Australia, for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $787 million (the ‘Adbri’ acquisition).

The Company accounted for these acquisitions as business combinations.

Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

These acquisitions included Property, plant and equipment of $ 1,069 million and $ 1,364 million respectively.

We identified the valuation of Property, plant and equipment as a critical audit matter because of the estimates made by management to determine the fair value of these assets for purposes of recording the acquisitions.

This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our valuation specialists when performing audit procedures to determine the fair value of acquired Property, plant and equipment under the replacement cost approach.

This included estimating the useful lives based on management’s historical experience and expectations as to the period of time over which the assets will be used and estimating the cost to replace or reproduce comparable assets adjusted for the remaining useful lives.

How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the discount rate, short-term forecasts of sales growth, Adjusted EBITDA margin projections, and long-term growth rate of the Philippines RU, used by management to estimate the fair value of the RU, and included the following, among others:

• We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s goodwill impairment evaluation, including those over the determination of the fair value of the Philippines RU, such as controls related to management’s selection of discount rates, short-term forecasts of sales growth, Adjusted EBITDA margin projections, and long-term growth rates;

• With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the valuation methodology and discount rate for the Philippines RU by:

– assessing the valuation methodology compared to generally accepted valuation practices and accounting standards;

– developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management

• We agreed the underlying cash flow forecasts to the Board approved projections and we evaluated management's ability to accurately forecast future sales growth and Adjusted EBITDA margin projections by:

– performing a look-back analysis and comparing actual results to management's historical forecasts;

– assessing the reasonableness of the impact of macroeconomic activity on short-term cash flows;

– comparing management’s forecasts against independent third-party economic and industry projections;

– comparing internal Company communications to management and the Board against the cash flow forecasts to evaluate for consistency

• We compared the actual results for the year ended December 31, 2023, to management’s forecasts at the date of the annual impairment test to determine if any additional indicators of impairment existed;

• We evaluated the potential impact of climate change, and in particular the Company’s 2030 CO₂ emissions reduction target, on the Adjusted EBITDA margin;

• We evaluated the disclosures related to goodwill and assessed the assumptions used in the impairment assessment for consistency with the impairment models and other information presented in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our audit procedures related to the fair value of Property, plant and equipment acquired as part of the acquisitions included the following, among others:

• We tested the effectiveness of controls over the purchase price allocation, including management's controls over the assumptions used in the replacement cost approach for Property, plant and equipment and the review of the work of management's third-party specialists.

• We evaluated the underlying terms of the purchase agreements, in order to corroborate our understanding of the substance of the acquisition obtained through inquiry with the Company's management, as well as to assess the completeness of the assets acquired.

• We evaluated the competency, capabilities and objectivity of the third-party specialists engaged by management to perform the valuations.

• We read the third-party valuation reports and, with the assistance of our valuation specialists, we evaluated the appropriateness of the Company's methodology used to estimate the cost to replace or reproduce comparable assets adjusted for the remaining useful lives.

CRH Form 10-K 51

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Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company recognizes long-term contract revenue over the contract term as the work progresses because transfer of control and the fulfilment of performance obligations to the customer is continuous.

The Company recognizes long-term contract revenue over the contract term as the work progresses because transfer of control and the fulfillment of performance obligations to the customer is continuous.

Revenue derived from long-term contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress at the balance sheet date involves judgment, particularly as it relates to the process of estimating total forecasted costs of the contracts.

We identified revenue recognition for long-term contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress at the balance sheet date (certain long-term contracts) as a critical audit matter because of the judgments made by management in estimating total forecasted costs of the contracts.

We identified revenue recognition for certain long-term contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress at the balance sheet date as a critical audit matter because of the judgments made by management in estimating total forecasted costs of the contracts.

This required extensive audit effort due to the complexity of certain long-term contracts and required a high degree of auditor judgment when performing audit procedures to audit management’s estimates and evaluating the results of those procedures.

How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to management’s recognition of revenue for certain long-term contracts at the balance sheet date included the following, among others:

Our audit procedures related to management’s recognition of revenue for certain long-term contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress at the balance sheet date included the following, among others:

• We tested the effectiveness of controls over long-term contract revenue, including management’s controls over the estimates of total forecasted costs.

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– tested the accuracy and completeness of the costs incurred to date for the performance obligation to supporting documentation;

– evaluated management's ability to estimate total costs accurately by:

◦ comparing costs incurred to date to the costs management estimated at either the inception of the contract or the start of the reporting period, to be incurred to date;

– evaluated management's ability to estimate total forecasted costs accurately by:

◦ comparing costs incurred to date to the costs management estimated, at either the inception of the contract or the start of the reporting period;

◦ evaluating management’s ability to accurately estimate the total cost by performing corroborating inquiries with the Company’s project managers, and comparing the estimates to management’s work plans, engineering specifications, and supplier contracts;

◦ comparing management’s estimates for the selected contracts to costs of similar performance obligations, when applicable.

– tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of revenue for the performance obligation.

– tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of revenue, measured on a percentage of completion basis, for the performance obligation.

/s/ Deloitte Ireland LLP

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Interest expense ( 612 ) ( 376 ) ( 344 )

Other nonoperating (expense) income, net ( 2 ) ( 69 ) 90

Other nonoperating income (expense), net 258 ( 2 ) ( 69 )

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments 4,714 4,014 3,461

Income tax expense ( 1,085 ) ( 925 ) ( 762 )

(Loss) income from equity method investments ( 17 ) – 55

Loss from equity method investments ( 108 ) ( 17 ) –

Income from continuing operations 3,521 3,072 2,699

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Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests ( 28 ) ( 28 ) ( 27 )

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 134 – ( 34 )

Net income attributable to CRH plc 3,178 3,862 2,630

Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 1 ) 134 –

Net income attributable to CRH 3,492 3,178 3,862

Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH

Continuing operations $ 5.06 $ 4.36 $ 3.58

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Net income $ 5.06 $ 4.36 $ 5.15

Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc

Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH

Continuing operations $ 5.02 $ 4.33 $ 3.55

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Net income 3,521 3,072 3,889

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Currency translation adjustment ( 470 ) 310 ( 665 )

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( 16 ) ( 28 ) ( 37 )

Actuarial (losses) gains and prior service (costs) credits for pension and other postretirement plans, net of tax of $ 17 million, $( 66 ) million, and $( 41 ) million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively

Actuarial gains (losses) and prior service credits (costs) for pension and other postretirement plans, net of tax of $( 4 ) million, $ 17 million, and $( 66 ) million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively

44 ( 108 ) 294

Other comprehensive income (loss) 174 ( 408 ) ( 116 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income ( 442 ) 174 ( 408 )

Comprehensive income 3,079 3,246 3,481

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Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 52 131 46

Comprehensive income attributable to CRH plc 3,349 3,500 2,549

Comprehensive income attributable to CRH 3,103 3,349 3,500

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Cash and cash equivalents 3,720 6,341

Restricted cash 39 –

Accounts receivable, net 4,820 4,507

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Retained earnings 24,036 22,918

Total shareholders’ equity attributable to CRH plc shareholders 20,854 22,157

Total shareholders’ equity attributable to CRH shareholders 21,607 20,854

Noncontrolling interests 859 434

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Gains on disposals from discontinued operations, businesses and long-lived assets, net ( 431 ) ( 66 ) ( 1,422 )

Deferred tax (benefit) expense ( 64 ) ( 63 ) 99

Loss (income) from equity method investments 17 – ( 55 )

Deferred tax expense (benefit) 180 ( 64 ) ( 63 )

Loss from equity method investments 108 17 –

Pension and other postretirement benefits net periodic benefit cost 34 31 30

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Purchases of property, plant and equipment ( 1,817 ) ( 1,523 ) ( 1,554 )

Purchases of property, plant and equipment, and intangibles ( 2,578 ) ( 1,817 ) ( 1,523 )

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired ( 4,900 ) ( 640 ) ( 3,253 )

Proceeds from divestitures and disposals of long-lived assets 104 3,827 387

Proceeds from divestitures 1,001 – 3,712

Proceeds from disposal of long-lived assets 272 104 115

Dividends received from equity method investments 44 44 36

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Net cash used in investing activities ( 6,291 ) ( 2,391 ) ( 917 )

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

CRH Form 10-K 56

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Net cash used in financing activities ( 1,186 ) ( 2,380 ) ( 2,499 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 208 ( 231 ) ( 297 )

Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 454 153 ( 1,938 )

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year 5,936 5,783 7,721

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year 6,390 5,936 5,783

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash ( 143 ) 208 ( 231 )

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash ( 2,631 ) 454 153

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of year 6,390 5,936 5,783

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of year 3,759 6,390 5,936

Supplemental cash flow information:

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Cash paid for income taxes 960 959 1,043

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 3,720 6,341 5,936

Restricted cash presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 39 – –

Cash and cash equivalents included in Assets held for sale – 49 –

Total cash and cash equivalents presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 6,390 5,936 5,783

Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 3,759 6,390 5,936

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

1 unchanged sentence

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(in $ millions, except shares)

Preferred Stock Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Retained Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Attributable to CRH plc Shareholders Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

For the year ended December 31, 2022

Preferred stock Common stock Treasury stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Retained Earnings Total Shareholders' Equity Attributable to CRH Shareholders Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity

Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount

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Retirement of treasury stock – – ( 22.0 ) ( 7 ) 22.0 879 – – ( 872 ) – – –

Retirement of income stock – – ( 795.1 ) ( 16 ) – – 16 – – – – –

Reduction in additional paid-in capital – – – - – – ( 7,493 ) – 7,493 – – –

Shares issued under employee share plans – – – – 4.0 197 ( 116 ) – ( 70 ) 11 – 11

1 unchanged sentence

Distributions to noncontrolling interests – – – – – – – – – – ( 8 ) ( 8 )

Transactions involving noncontrolling interests – – – – – – – – – – ( 3 ) ( 3 )

Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value – – – – – – – – 40 40 – 40

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(in $ millions, except shares)

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount

1 unchanged sentence

Net income – – – – – – – – 3,178 3,178 ( 134 ) 3,044

Other comprehensive loss – – – – – – – ( 362 ) – ( 362 ) ( 46 ) ( 408 )

Other comprehensive income – – – – – – – 171 – 171 3 174

Share-based compensation – – – – – – 123 – – 123 – 123

Repurchases of common stock – – – – ( 38.2 ) ( 2,019 ) – – – ( 2,019 ) – ( 2,019 )

Retirement of treasury stock – – ( 22.0 ) ( 7 ) 22.0 879 – – ( 872 ) – – –

Repurchases and retirement of common stock – – ( 17.6 ) ( 6 ) – – – – ( 1,042 ) ( 1,048 ) – ( 1,048 )

Shares issued under employee share plans – – – – 3.5 117 ( 112 ) – ( 1 ) 4 – 4

8 unchanged sentences

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(in $ millions, except shares)

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

For the year ended December 31, 2024

Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount

1 unchanged sentence

Net income – – – – – – – – 3,492 3,492 1 3,493

Other comprehensive income – – – – – – – 171 – 171 3 174

Other comprehensive loss – – – – – – – ( 389 ) – ( 389 ) ( 53 ) ( 442 )

Share-based compensation – – – – – – 125 – – 125 – 125

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Distributions to noncontrolling interests – – – – – – – – – – ( 30 ) ( 30 )

Divestiture of noncontrolling interests – – – – – – – – – – ( 19 ) ( 19 )

Noncontrolling interests arising on acquisition – – – – – – – – – – 507 507

Transactions involving noncontrolling interests – – – – – – – – – – 19 19

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Description of business

CRH plc, (the Company) is a multinational company incorporated and domiciled in the Republic of Ireland that operates in the building materials industry, providing essential products and services for construction projects worldwide.

The Company is one of the largest suppliers of building materials globally.

CRH plc (the Company) is a multinational company that operates in the building materials industry, providing essential products and services for construction projects worldwide.

The Company is a major producer of aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, and asphalt and a supplier of paving and constructions services, providing solutions to a wide range of customers, including contractors, builders, engineers, infrastructure developers, and the residential market.

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe.

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s reportable segments increased from three to four reportable segments, see Note 20 for further information.

CRH is one of the largest suppliers of building materials globally.

Effective during the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following three segments:

Americas Materials Solutions, Americas Building Solutions and International Solutions.

See Note 20 for further information.

A summary of significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements follows.

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, including all prior periods presented, have been presented under U.S.

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Changes in estimates, including those resulting from changes in the economic environment, are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the period in which the change in estimate occurs.

Certain amounts in the prior period have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, or financing activities, or in the Consolidated Balance Sheets or Consolidated Statements of Income .

Consolidation

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For such operations, the Company accounts for its pro rata share of assets, liabilities, revenues, and costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company evaluates its Equity method investments for other-than-temporary impairment when events or conditions indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments are not recoverable.

Challenging market conditions in China have impacted future growth prospects and provided indicators of impairment for the carrying value of the Company's equity method investment in China, which forms part of International Solutions.

Accordingly, the Company performed a valuation of its investment in China and identified an impairment charge of $ 190 million, which reflects the difference between its fair value and carrying value at December 31, 2024.

An impairment charge of $ nil million and $ nil million was recognised for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company calculated fair value by using a discounted cash flow model, which reflects the value of an investment based on its future cash flows.

The impairment charge was recorded within Loss from equity method investments in the Consolidated Statements of Income and as a reduction to the Equity method investments balance in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Noncontrolling interests – nonredeemable and redeemable

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Noncontrolling interests with redemption features, such as put/call options, that are not solely within the Company’s control (Redeemable noncontrolling interests) are reported separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the greater of carrying value or redemption value.

The redeemable noncontrolling interests comprises the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s subsidiaries within the Americas Materials Solutions segment.

The Redeemable noncontrolling interests primarily comprise of the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s North American subsidiaries.

The respective shareholders’ agreements for these entities contain put options that provide the noncontrolling shareholders the right to put their shares to the Company at a value based on a calculated formula.

1 unchanged sentence

See Note 23 for further information.

CRH Form 10-K 61

Business combinations

9 unchanged sentences

See Note 4 for further information.

CRH Form 10-K 59

Foreign currency translation

13 unchanged sentences

Revenue excludes trade discounts and value-added tax or sales tax.

Trade receivables and construction contract assets are in general receivable within 90 days of the balance sheet date.

Revenues derived from sale of goods (sources other than construction contracts)

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See Note 2 for further information.

CRH Form 10-K 62

Contract assets and liabilities

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instead these are expensed as incurred, as permitted by the practical expedient.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less.

The Company had restricted cash of $ 6 million and $ 5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, included within Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company is restricted from utilizing the cash for purposes other than with government approval as it is linked to the awarding of government licenses for quarrying.

CRH Form 10-K 60

Restricted cash consists of amounts held in escrow designated for exchange of assets under Section 1031 of the U.S.

Internal Revenue Code.

Accounts receivable, net

24 unchanged sentences

See Note 7 for further information.

CRH Form 10-K 63

A contract contains a lease if it is enforceable and conveys the right to control the use of a specified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, which is assessed at inception.

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(3) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset;

(4) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term or (5) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset.

(4) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term;

or (5) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset.

A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of the above criteria.

14 unchanged sentences

See Note 12 for further information.

CRH Form 10-K 61

Asset retirement obligations

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(i) those relating to fair value exposures;

(ii) those relating to cash flow exposures and (iii) those relating to foreign currency net investment exposures.

(ii) those relating to cash flow exposures;

and (iii) those relating to foreign currency net investment exposures.

Fair value exposures relate to recognized assets or liabilities, and firm commitments;

cash flow exposures relate to the variability of future cash flows associated with recognized assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions, and net investment exposures relate to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on the carrying value of net assets denominated in foreign currencies.

cash flow exposures relate to the variability of future cash flows associated with recognized assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions;

and net investment exposures relate to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on the carrying value of net assets denominated in foreign currencies.

When a derivative is executed and hedge accounting is appropriate, it is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge.

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The notional amount of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments was $ 3,323 million and $ 338 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

CRH Form 10-K 64

Debt is recorded at initial fair value, which normally reflects the proceeds received by the Company, net of debt issuance costs.

24 unchanged sentences

See Note 21 for further information .

CRH Form 10-K 62

The Company has insurance arrangements which comprise employer’s liability (workers’ compensation in the United States), public and products liability (general liability in the United States), automobile liability, property damage, business interruption and various other insurances.

3 unchanged sentences

Share-based compensation

The Company grants share-based awards, which consist of performance stock units (PSU) and stock options.

The Company grants share-based awards, which consist of performance stock units (PSUs) and stock options.

All of the share-based compensation awards are classified as equity awards.

13 unchanged sentences

Generally, these costs are not discounted to their present value or offset for potential insurance or other claims or potential gains from future alternative uses for a site.

CRH Form 10-K 65

Current tax represents the expected tax payable (or recoverable) on the taxable profit for the year using tax rates enacted for the period.

Where items are accounted for outside of profit or loss, the related income tax is recognized either in other comprehensive income (loss) or directly in equity, as appropriate.

Where items are accounted for outside of profit or loss, the related income tax is recognized either in Other comprehensive (loss) income or directly in equity, as appropriate.

Interest and penalties associated with the liability for income tax are classified as Income tax expense.

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New accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No.

Accounting pronouncements recently adopted

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No.

2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280).

This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss.

This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosure of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss.

This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources.

The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.

Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.

Early adoption is also permitted.

This ASU will likely result in the Company including the additional required disclosures when adopted.

The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and expects to adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Adoption of the ASU has been applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No.

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Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.

This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, once adopted.

The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and will adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No.

2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic 220-40).

The ASU requires the disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements.

The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.

These amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements.

Early adoption is also permitted.

The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and will adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2027.

CRH Form 10-K 66

The Company disaggregates revenue based on its operating and reportable segments.

The Company’s reportable segments are:

(1) Americas Materials Solutions, (2) Americas Building Solutions, (3) Europe Materials Solutions, and (4) Europe Building Solutions.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company changed its reportable segments as described in Note 20 Segment Information.

The Company’s operating and reportable segments are:

(1) Americas Materials Solutions, (2) Americas Building Solutions, and (3) International Solutions.

Revenue is disaggregated by principal activities and products and by primary geographic market.

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For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Principal activities and products

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For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Principal activities and products

5 unchanged sentences

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Principal activities and products

7 unchanged sentences

Americas Materials Solutions 6,426 6,146 5,791

Europe Materials Solutions 2,004 1,814 1,801

International Solutions 1,880 2,004 1,814

Total revenue from contracts with customers 8,306 8,150 7,605

3 unchanged sentences

Americas Building Solutions 81 70 78

Europe Building Solutions 573 521 475

International Solutions 486 573 521

Total revenue from contracts with customers 567 643 599

For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Primary geographic markets

Republic of Ireland – – 916 – 916

United Kingdom – – 4,090 222 4,312

Rest of Europe (i) – – 4,230 2,256 6,486

United States 14,975 6,736 123 21,834

Rest of World (ii) 1,347 325 454 179 2,305

Rest of World (i) 1,198 323 1,199 2,720

United Kingdom – – 3,994 3,994

Rest of Europe (ii) – – 7,024 7,024

Total revenues 16,173 7,059 12,340 35,572

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Primary geographic markets

Republic of Ireland – – 801 – 801

United Kingdom – – 4,003 238 4,241

Rest of Europe (i) – 3 3,992 2,298 6,293

United States 14,088 6,692 150 20,930

Rest of World (ii) 1,274 325 553 148 2,300

Rest of World (i) 1,347 325 633 2,305

United Kingdom – – 4,312 4,312

Rest of Europe (ii) – – 7,402 7,402

Total revenues 15,435 7,017 12,497 34,949

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Primary geographic markets

Republic of Ireland – – 706 – 706

United Kingdom – – 3,979 220 4,199

Rest of Europe (i) – 4 4,051 2,261 6,316

United States 13,050 5,860 178 19,088

Rest of World (ii) 1,235 331 653 148 2,367

Rest of World (i) 1,274 325 701 2,300

United Kingdom – – 4,241 4,241

Rest of Europe (ii) – 3 7,091 7,094

Total revenues 14,324 6,188 12,211 32,723

(i) The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine.

(ii) The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Brazil, Canada and the Philippines.

(i) The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Canada and the Philippines.

(ii) The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine.

Revenues generated in the Republic of Ireland represented approximately 2 %, 3 %, and 2 % of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Contract assets were $ 690 million and $ 716 million and contract liabilities were $ 500 million and $ 439 million, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The increase in contract assets was primarily attributed to revenue recognized on certain contracts partially offset by the timing of billings.

The decrease in contract assets was primarily attributed to revenue recognized on certain contracts partially offset by the timing of billings.

The increase in contract liabilities was due to the timing of advance payments and revenue recognized during the period.

The Company recognized revenue of $ 387 million and $ 308 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was previously included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

CRH Form 10-K 65

Contract assets include unbilled revenue and retentions held by customers in respect of construction contracts at December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounting to $ 450 million and $ 240 million, and $ 471 million and $ 245 million respectively.

4 unchanged sentences

On December 31, 2024, the Company had $ 3,551 million of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations.

The majority of open contracts at December 31, 2023 will close and revenue will be recognized within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The majority of open contracts at December 31, 2024, are expected to close and revenue to be recognized within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Revenue from sales to equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $ 296 million, $ 221 million, and $ 237 million, respectively.

CRH Form 10-K 68

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations

2 unchanged sentences

The transaction was structured in three phases.

The first phase of the transaction, comprising the Company’s lime operations in Germany, Czech Republic and Ireland, was closed effective January 1, 2024 and the second and third phases comprising the operations of the United Kingdom and Poland, respectively, are expected to close in 2024.

No impairment loss was recognized on the reclassification of the Lime operations as held for sale.

In December 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement to dispose of certain of its cement and materials assets in Canada, which is expected to close in 2024.

An impairment of $ 30 million has been recognized on the Canadian cement and materials assets in the fourth quarter of 2023 to reflect the reduction to fair value less costs to sell.

The assets associated with these transactions comprise part of the Company’s Europe Materials Solutions and Americas Materials Solutions segments, respectively, and the relevant assets and liabilities have accordingly been reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale.

The first phase of the transaction, comprising the Company’s Lime operations in Germany, Czech Republic and Ireland, closed on January 1, 2024, and the second phase, comprising the operations in the United Kingdom, closed on March 27, 2024.

The third phase, comprising the operations in Poland, closed on August 30, 2024.

The divestitures resulted in a pretax gain of $ 167 million which is included in Other nonoperating income (expense), net.

The results of the divested operations and the gain on divestiture are reported in the International Solutions segment.

The disposal of certain cement, aggregates and readymixed concrete operations in Quebec, Canada, previously classified as held for sale, completed during 2024.

The assets associated with these transactions comprised part of the Company’s International Solutions and Americas Materials Solutions segments, respectively.

As the businesses were divested in 2024, all opening balances have been reclassified back to the relevant asset and liability categories prior to their divestiture for presentation purposes.

The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale at December 31 were:

15 unchanged sentences

The Company analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the Building Envelope business and determined that the criteria for discontinued operations presentation were met during the year ended 2022.

As a result, the operating results of the Building Envelope business were reported separately as discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

CRH Form 10-K 69

The financial results for the Company’s discontinued operations for the years ended December 31 were:

The financial results for the Company’s discontinued operations for the year ended December 31 were:

in $ millions 2022

5 unchanged sentences

Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense 1,190

The cash flows from discontinued operations included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31 were:

The cash flows from discontinued operations included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31 were:

in $ millions 2022

Cash flows from discontinued operations

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (i) ( 444 ) 208

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (ii) 3,446 ( 102 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 3 ( 2 )

Net cash used in operating activities (i) ( 444 )

Net cash provided by investing activities (ii) 3,446

Net cash provided by financing activities 3

(i) Includes the corporation tax paid on the sale of discontinued operations.

(ii) Includes the proceeds from the divestiture of discontinued operations.

CRH Form 10-K 67

The Company strategically acquires companies in order to increase its footprint and offer products and services that diversify its existing offerings.

These acquisitions are accounted for as business combinations using the acquisition method, whereby the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition, with the remaining amount recorded in Goodwill.

During 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 22 companies, each individually immaterial.

On February 9, 2024, the Company wholly acquired a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete operations and assets in Texas, United States (the 'Hunter' acquisition) for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $ 2,106 million.

The Hunter acquisition is reported in the Americas Materials Solutions segment.

On July 1, 2024, the Company acquired 57 % of the issued share capital of Adbri (the 'Adbri' acquisition), a construction materials business in Australia, for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $ 787 million.

The Adbri acquisition is reported in the International Solutions segment.

Due to the size and scale of Adbri, the determination of the fair values of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as disclosed are provisional.

During 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of 38 other companies in addition to Hunter and Adbri.

The total cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $ 2,007 million.

The provisional amounts for assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2023 were:

in $ millions Total

CRH Form 10-K 70

The amounts for assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2024, were:

in $ millions Hunter Adbri (i) Other acquisitions

(i) (ii) Total

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

4 unchanged sentences

Property, plant and equipment, net 1,069 1,364 850 3,283

Equity method investments – 366 – 366

Intangible assets, net 2 4 184 190

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 12 18 85 115

Total assets 1,155 2,062 1,466 4,683

Accounts payable – 17 54 71

4 unchanged sentences

Other liabilities 8 151 57 216

Total liabilities 26 980 262 1,268

Total identifiable net assets at fair value 1,129 1,082 1,204 3,415

Goodwill 977 227 940 2,144

Redeemable noncontrolling interests – – ( 12 ) ( 12 )

Noncontrolling interests – ( 507 ) – ( 507 )

Total consideration 2,106 802 2,132 5,040

1 unchanged sentence

Cash payments 2,106 802 2,045 4,953

Asset exchange – – 41 41

Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) – – 27 27

5 unchanged sentences

Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 2,106 787 2,007 4,900

(i) The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed associated with these acquisitions are provisional (principally in respect of Property, plant and equipment, net, provisions for liabilities and the associated goodwill and deferred tax aspects) and are based on the information that was available as of the reporting date.

The Company expects to finalize the valuation and complete the purchase price allocations as soon as practical but no later than one year from the acquisition dates.

(ii) Other acquisitions are aggregated on the basis of individual immateriality.

As a result of the 2024 acquisitions, the Company recognized $ 190 million of amortizable intangible assets and $ 2,144 million of goodwill.

1 unchanged sentence

Of the goodwill recognized in respect of the acquisitions completed in 2024, $ 1,712 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 6 years.

On November 21, 2023, the Company announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete assets and operations in Texas, United States from Martin Marietta, Inc.

(the ‘Transaction’) for a total consideration of $ 2.1 billion.

On February 9, 2024, the Transaction was completed.

The assets acquired are located in the United States and are expected to strengthen the Company’s position in Texas as well as increasing exposure to attractive, high-growth markets.

Due to the timing of the Transaction, the preliminary purchase price accounting remains ongoing as the Company continues to collect and assess information as of the transaction date.

There have been no other acquisitions completed subsequent to the balance sheet date which would be individually material to the Company.

The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of nine years .

CRH Form 10-K 71

2022 Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc.

On July 8, 2022 the Company acquired Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc.

(Barrette), North America's leading provider of residential fencing and railing solutions headquartered in Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States, at an effective 100 % stake.

The assets acquired are all in the United States and are expected to enhance the Company’s existing offering of sustainable outdoor living solutions in North America.

The total cash consideration for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was $ 1,903 million.

During 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of 28 other companies, each individually immaterial.

During 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 22 companies.

The total cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $ 640 million.

The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2022 were:

in $ millions Barrette Other acquisitions Total

The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2023, were:

in $ millions Total (i)

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

4 unchanged sentences

Property, plant and equipment, net 252

Equity method investments – 28 28

Intangible assets, net 86

7 unchanged sentences

Total identifiable net assets at fair value 275

Goodwill 774 546 1,320

Total consideration 673

8 unchanged sentences

Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 640

(i) Total acquisitions are aggregated on the basis of individual immateriality.

As a result of the 2023 acquisitions, the Company recognized $ 86 million of amortizable intangible assets and $ 398 million of goodwill.

1 unchanged sentence

Of the goodwill recognized in respect of the acquisitions completed in 2023, $ 33 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 19 years.

The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of six years .

CRH Form 10-K 72

During 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 20 companies ( 19 continuing operations), each individually immaterial.

On July 8, 2022, the Company acquired Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc.

(Barrette), North America's leading provider of residential fencing and railing solutions headquartered in Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States, at an effective 100 % stake.

The total cash consideration for this acquisition, net of cash acquired, was $ 1,903 million.

During 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of 28 other companies.

The total cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $ 1,350 million.

The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions at December 31, 2021 were:

in $ millions Total

The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration related to the acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2022, were:

in $ millions Barrette Other acquisitions (i) Total

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

4 unchanged sentences

Property, plant and equipment, net 266 539 805

Equity method investments – 28 28

Intangible assets, net 809 178 987

7 unchanged sentences

Total identifiable net assets at fair value 1,137 832 1,969

Goodwill 774 546 1,320

Total consideration 1,911 1,378 3,289

1 unchanged sentence

Cash payments 1,911 1,364 3,275

Deferred consideration (stated at net present cost) – 10 10

Contingent consideration – 4 4

4 unchanged sentences

Total outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 1,903 1,350 3,253

(i) Other acquisitions are aggregated on the basis of individual immateriality.

As a result of the 2022 acquisitions, the Company recognized $ 987 million of amortizable intangible assets and $ 1,320 million of goodwill.

2 unchanged sentences

The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted average of 19 years.

CRH Form 10-K 73

Acquisition-related costs

4 unchanged sentences

Acquisition-related costs

Hunter 23 – –

Barrette – – 27

1 unchanged sentence

Total acquisition-related costs 73 10 39

The financial information regarding the acquisitions included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income from the date of acquisition through December 31 were:

Actual from acquisition date

in $ millions 2023 2022 2021

Revenue 228 761 524

Net (loss) income attributable to CRH plc ( 15 ) ( 18 ) 38

Pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions have not been presented because they are not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

CRH Form 10-K 70

For the period from acquisition date through December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, acquisitions contributed $ 1,387 million, $ 228 million and $ 761 million to Revenues and a loss of $ 23 million, $ 15 million and $ 18 million to Net income attributable to CRH, excluding acquisition-related costs that arose in that period and including the effect of interest expense to finance the acquisitions, respectively.

Pro forma results of operations for the current year acquisitions, as if they were combined as of January 1, 2023, have not been presented because they are not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts receivable, net

21 unchanged sentences

Total inventories 4,755 4,291

CRH Form 10-K 74

Property, plant and equipment, net

12 unchanged sentences

Potential impairment of property, plant and equipment is considered by applying a series of external and internal indicators including a limited number of climate change factors.

An impairment charge of $ 89 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024, principally relating to the write-down of property, plant and equipment in our Architectural Products business in Europe which is part of our International Solutions segment.

The fair value did not exceed carrying value, driven by challenging market conditions which had an impact on growth prospects and as such an impairment charge has been recorded.

An impairment charge of $ 30 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023, principally relating to the write-down of property, plant and equipment in our Americas Materials Solutions segment.

CRH Form 10-K 71

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net at December 31 were:

in $ millions Marketing-related Customer-related (i) Contract-based Total Marketing-related (ii) Customer-related (i) & (ii) Contract-based (ii) Total

At December 31

Gross amount 310 1,260 101 1,671 286 1,202 92 1,580

in $ millions 2024 2023

Marketing-related 337 310

Customer-related (i) 1,394 1,260

Contract-based 110 101

Software costs 126 –

IT projects in progress 63 –

Total intangible assets, gross 2,030 1,671

Accumulated amortization ( 819 ) ( 630 )

1 unchanged sentence

(i) The customer-related intangible assets relate predominantly to non-contractual customer relationships.

(ii) Marketing-related, customer-related and contract-based intangible assets of $ 174 million, $ 594 million and $ 41 million respectively arose on the acquisition of Barrette in July 2022.

These primarily related to brand names, patents and non-contractual customer relationships.

Amortization of intangibles included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $ 139 million, $ 103 million and $ 46 million, respectively.

Amortization of intangibles included predominantly in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $ 152 million, $ 139 million and $ 103 million, respectively.

The estimated amortization for intangible assets for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2024, and thereafter is as follows:

2 unchanged sentences

CRH Form 10-K 75

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe.

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments increased from three to the below four segments and existing goodwill was reallocated to each of the new reportable segments and associated reporting units based on management’s estimate of the relative fair value of each reporting unit.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company's operating and reportable segments changed to the following three segments:

Americas Materials Solutions;

Americas Building Solutions;

and International Solutions and existing goodwill was reallocated to each of the new reportable segments and associated reporting units.

See Note 20 for further information.

1 unchanged sentence

As a result of this revision to reportable segments and associated reporting units, the Company performed an impairment assessment before and after the reallocation.

Both before, and after, the reallocation, the Company concluded that the fair value of the reporting units were above their carrying value and therefore there was no indication of impairment.

Both before and after the reallocation, the Company concluded that the fair values of the reporting units affected were above their carrying values and therefore there was no indication of impairment.

The Company uses the present value of estimated future cash flows to establish the estimated fair value of the reporting units at the testing date.

3 unchanged sentences

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill at December 31 were:

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions Europe Materials Solutions Europe Building Solutions Total

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Carrying value, December 31, 2022 4,407 2,517 2,275 9,199

1 unchanged sentence

Foreign currency translation adjustment 8 ( 5 ) 86 89

Divestitures – ( 1,167 ) ( 166 ) – ( 1,333 )

Impairment charge for the year ( 32 ) – ( 295 ) ( 327 )

Reclassified as held for sale – – ( 201 ) ( 201 )

Carrying value, December 31, 2023 4,417 2,752 1,989 9,158

2 unchanged sentences

Impairment charge for the year – – ( 72 ) ( 72 )

Reclassified as held for sale – – ( 201 ) – ( 201 )

Divestitures – ( 3 ) ( 201 ) ( 204 )

Reclassified from held for sale – – 201 201

Carrying value, December 31, 2024 5,803 3,070 2,188 11,061

There were no charges for goodwill impairment in the year ended December 31, 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s Philippines reporting unit within Europe Materials Solutions, did not exceed its carrying value.

As a result, a goodwill impairment loss of $ 295 million was recorded in Loss on impairments.

The total impairment loss of $ 327 million principally relates to the $ 295 million impairment of the Philippines cement business, driven by challenging cement market conditions which has had an impact on growth prospects.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the fair value of the Architectural Products reporting unit within International Solutions did not exceed its carrying value.

As a result, a goodwill impairment loss of $ 72 million was recorded in Loss on impairments, driven by challenging market conditions (primarily new build residential) which has had an impact on growth prospects.

The assumption underlying the estimated future cash flows resulted in a present value (using a real pre-tax discount rate of 9.1 %) of $ 252 million and a related goodwill impairment being recorded of $ 72 million.

Further, a goodwill impairment loss of $ 32 million has been recorded across certain reporting units within the Company’s Americas Materials Solutions segment primarily relating to assets held for sale.

Accumulated goodwill impairment losses amount to $ 1,001 million and $ 691 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and relates predominantly to Europe Materials Solutions.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s Philippines reporting unit within International Solutions did not exceed its carrying value.

As a result, a goodwill impairment loss of $ 295 million was recorded in Loss on impairments.

Accumulated goodwill impairment losses amount to $ 1,050 million and $ 1,001 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and relate predominantly to International Solutions.

CRH Form 10-K 76

3 unchanged sentences

Prepayments 303 285

Other financial assets 161 –

Other 285 193

26 unchanged sentences

Dollar denominated unless otherwise noted)

3.125 % € notes due 2023

0.875 % € notes due 2023

1.875 % € notes due 2024

1.875 % euro Senior Notes due 2024

3.875 % Senior Notes due 2025

3.93 % 1,250 1,250

Dollar notes due 2025

1.250 % euro Senior Notes due 2026

1.25 % 780 829

1.250 % € notes due 2026

3.400 % Senior Notes due 2027

3.49 % 600 600

Dollar notes due 2027

4.000 % euro Senior Notes due 2027

4.13 % 520 553

4.000 % € notes due 2027

Dollar notes due 2028

3.950 % Senior Notes due 2028

4.07 % 900 900

1.375 % € notes due 2028

1.375 % euro Senior Notes due 2028

1.42 % 624 663

4.125 % Sterling notes due 2029

5.200 % Senior Notes due 2029

4.125 % Sterling Senior Notes due 2029

4.22 % 501 509

1.625 % € notes due 2030

1.625 % euro Senior Notes due 2030

1.72 % 780 829

4.000 % € notes due 2031

Dollar notes due 2033 (i)

4.000 % euro Senior Notes due 2031

4.10 % 780 829

4.250 % € notes due 2035

Dollar notes due 2045

6.400 % Senior Notes due 2033 (i)

6.43 % 213 213

Dollar notes due 2047

5.400 % Senior Notes due 2034

4.250 % euro Senior Notes due 2035

4.38 % 780 829

Dollar notes due 2048

5.125 % Senior Notes due 2045

5.25 % 500 500

4.400 % Senior Notes due 2047

4.44 % 400 400

4.500 % Senior Notes due 2048

4.63 % 600 600

USD interest bearing loan due 2026 4.96 % 750 –

PHP interest bearing loan due 2027 5.97 % 379 396

AUD interest bearing loan due 2029 5.07 % 478 –

Dollar Commercial Paper 4.77 % 1,189 1,002

Euro Commercial Paper 3.08 % 347 –

Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs ( 68 ) ( 67 )

2 unchanged sentences

Long-term debt 10,969 9,776

(i) The $ 300 million bond was issued in September 2003, and at the time of issuance the bond was partially swapped to floating interest rates.

In August 2009 and December 2010, $ 87 million of the issued notes were acquired by CRH plc as part of liability management exercises undertaken and the interest rate hedge was closed out.

The remaining fair value hedge adjustment on the hedged item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $ 30 million and $ 33 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(ii) Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2023, $ 1,375 million is hedged to daily compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) using interest rate swaps.

Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2022, $ 1,775 million was hedged to a mix of U.S.

Dollar LIBOR and EURIBOR floating rates using interest rate swaps.

(i) The $ 300 million 6.400 % Senior Notes were issued in September 2003, and at the time of issuance the Senior Notes were partially swapped to floating interest rates.

In August 2009 and December 2010, $ 87 million of the issued Senior Notes were acquired by CRH as part of liability management exercises undertaken and the interest rate hedge was closed out.

The remaining fair value hedge adjustment on the hedged item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $ 27 million and $ 30 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(ii) Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $ 1,375 million was hedged to daily compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) using interest rate swaps.

Of the Company’s nominal floating rate debt at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $ 140 million and $ nil million, respectively, was hedged to fixed rates using interest rate swaps.

(iii) Excludes borrowings from bank overdrafts of $ 117 million and $ 107 million, which are recorded within Current portion of long-term debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Long-term debt includes borrowings of $ nil million and $ nil million secured on specific items of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Senior Notes:

1 unchanged sentence

These Senior Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of the Company and hold an equal standing in payment priority with the Company's existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness.

The Senior Notes can be redeemed before their respective par call dates, with the exception of the 6.40 % Senior Notes due in 2033, at a make-whole redemption price.

With the exception of the 6.400 % Senior Notes due 2033, which can be redeemed at any time, all other Senior Notes can be redeemed before their respective par call dates, at a make-whole redemption price.

Post par call dates and before the respective maturity dates, the Senior Notes can be redeemed at a price equal to 100 % of the principal amount.

In the event of a change-of-control repurchase event, the Company is obligated to offer repurchase options for the 3.875 % Senior Notes due in 2025, 3.40 % Senior Notes due in 2027, 3.95 % Senior Notes due in 2028, 5.125 % Senior Notes due in 2045, 4.40 % Senior Notes due in 2047, and 4.50 % Senior Notes due in 2048.

In the event of a change-of-control repurchase event, the Company is obligated to offer repurchase options for the 3.875 % Senior Notes due in 2025, 3.400 % Senior Notes due in 2027, 3.950 % Senior Notes due in 2028, 5.200 % Senior Notes due 2029, 5.400 % Senior Notes due 2034, 5.125 % Senior Notes due in 2045, 4.400 % Senior Notes due in 2047, and 4.500 % Senior Notes due in 2048.

This repurchase involves a cash payment equal to 101 % of the principal amount, along with any accrued and unpaid interest.

2 unchanged sentences

However, this coupon step-up would reverse if the Company returns to an investment-grade rating.

On July 11, 2023, the Company completed the issuance and sale of € 500 million in 4.00 % Senior Notes due in 2027, € 750 million in 4.00 % Senior Notes due in 2031, and € 750 million in 4.25 % Senior Notes due in 2035 (collectively referred to as the "2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes").

The net proceeds of € 1,984 million (after accounting for discounts and underwriting expenses) were utilized for general corporate business purposes.

The costs related to this issuance, amounting to $ 18 million, have been capitalized and will be pro rata amortized over the lifespan of the 2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes.

On January 9, 2024, the Company utilized available cash to fully redeem € 600 million of outstanding 1.875 % euro Senior Notes due January 2024.

In May 2024, the Company issued $ 750 million 5.200 % Senior Notes due 2029 and $ 750 million 5.400 % Senior Notes due 2034.

CRH Form 10-K 78

On April 3, 2023, and November 5, 2023, the Company utilized available cash to fully redeem € 750 million and € 500 million of outstanding 3.125 % euro Senior Notes due April 2023 and 0.875 % euro Senior Notes due November 2023, respectively.

Australian (AUD) Debt:

In July 2024, the Company acquired Adbri who have committed credit agreements with a range of banks and credit institutions totaling AUD 940 million.

The Company does not provide a guarantee for these facilities.

The funds drawn from these facilities carry a combination of fixed and floating interest rates.

Philippines (PHP) Debt:

1 unchanged sentence

The Company does not provide a guarantee for this facility.

The initial credit agreement provided for total commitments of PHP 12.5 billion for a ten-year term, which was later expanded to PHP 22.5 billion.

The initial credit agreement provided for total commitments of PHP 12.5 billion for a 10-year term, which was later expanded to PHP 22.5 billion.

The funds drawn from this facility carry a combination of fixed and floating interest rates.

5 unchanged sentences

The facility entails an annual commitment fee calculated as a percentage of the applicable margin.

On May 11, 2023, the Company amended and restated the RCF, extending the maturity date to May 11, 2028.

The revised terms also re-instate the two plus-one (+1) extension options which, if successfully exercised with the agreement of the Lenders, would extend the maturity out to May 11, 2030.

During April 2024, the Company completed a one-year extension option on the undrawn committed facilities extending the maturity date to May 11, 2029.

The terms of the facility allow for one further plus-one (+1) extension option which, if successfully exercised with the agreement of the Lenders, would extend the maturity to May 11, 2030.

The deferred financing costs associated with the RCF were $ 6 million at December 31, 2024.

The total potential credit available through this arrangement is € 3,500 million, inclusive of the ability to issue letters of credit.

At December 31, 2023, and 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings or letters of credit issued under this facility and the undrawn committed facilities available to be drawn by the Company at December 31, 2023 were $ 3,868 million (€ 3,500 million equivalent).

At December 31, 2024, and 2023, there were no outstanding borrowings or letters of credit issued under this facility and the undrawn committed facility available to be drawn by the Company at December 31, 2024, was $ 3,639 million (€ 3,500 million equivalent).

The RCF includes customary terms and conditions for investment-grade borrowers.

There are no financial covenants.

The Company has a $ 2,000 million U.S.

In December 2024, the Company entered into a new $ 750 million two-year fixed rate term loan facility which was fully drawn.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had a $ 4,000 million U.S.

Dollar Commercial Paper Program and a € 1,500 million euro Commercial Paper Program.

The purpose of these programs is to provide short-term liquidity as required.

The Company’s RCF supports the commercial paper programs with a separate € 750 million swingline sublimit which allows for same-day drawing in either euro or U.S.

The Company’s RCF supports the commercial paper programs with a separate € 750 million swingline sublimit which allows for same-day drawing in either U.S Dollar or euro.

The amount of commercial paper outstanding does not reduce available capacity under the RCF.

41 unchanged sentences

Finance leases 5.10 % 4.07 %

The supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31 were:

The supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31 was:

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022

5 unchanged sentences

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities 99 51 24

CRH Form 10-K 78

Asset retirement obligations

9 unchanged sentences

Total costs 21 39 57

AROs are reported within Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

AROs are reported within Other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of the Company’s AROs were $ 385 million and $ 360 million, of which, $ 66 million and $ 50 million are current, respectively.

12 unchanged sentences

See Note 23 for the changes in the fair value of Redeemable noncontrolling interests.

The carrying values of the Company’s Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, net, Current portion of long-term debt, Accounts payable, Accrued expenses, and Other current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

The carrying values of the Company’s Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Accounts receivable, net, Current portion of long-term debt, Accounts payable, Accrued expenses, and Other current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

CRH Form 10-K 81

12 unchanged sentences

- State ( 5 ) ( 12 ) ( 6 )

Total deferred tax (benefit) expense ( 64 ) 11 94

( 2 ) ( 24 ) 6

Total deferred tax expense (benefit) 180 ( 64 ) 11

Total income tax expense 1,085 925 762

While the Company is domiciled in Ireland, due to the percentage of global operations subject to tax in the United States, the Company uses the U.S.

Due to the percentage of global operations subject to tax in the United States, the Company uses the U.S.

Federal statutory tax rate in the reconciliation of the effective income tax rate.

8 unchanged sentences

Non-deductible goodwill impairment 10 75 –

Non-taxable divestiture of the European Lime operations ( 65 ) – –

Other 141 18 4

34 unchanged sentences

Balance at January 1 914 737 578

Acquisitions 12 – –

Provision for income taxes 188 151 203

27 unchanged sentences

At December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the interest and penalties included in Income tax expense was $ 20 million, $ 14 million, and $ 5 million, respectively.

CRH Form 10-K 82

Earnings per share (EPS)

3 unchanged sentences

Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests ( 28 ) ( 28 ) ( 27 )

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 134 – ( 34 )

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 1 ) 134 –

Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value ( 34 ) ( 24 ) 40

1 unchanged sentence

Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense – – 1,190

Net income attributable to CRH plc for EPS - basic and diluted 3,154 3,902 2,612

Net income attributable to CRH for EPS - basic and diluted 3,458 3,154 3,902

Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic (i) 683.3 723.9 758.3

1 unchanged sentence

Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted 689.5 729.2 764.1

Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH plc

Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH

Continuing operations $ 5.06 $ 4.36 $ 3.58

1 unchanged sentence

Net income $ 5.06 $ 4.36 $ 5.15

Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH plc

Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH

Continuing operations $ 5.02 $ 4.33 $ 3.55

19 unchanged sentences

20 % of each award made is subject to Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance measured against a tailored peer group;

20 % is subject to a Return on Net Assets (RONA) metric;

15 % is subject to a sustainability and diversity scorecard metric introduced in 2022;

with the remaining 45 % subject to a cumulative cash flow metric.

The performance conditions are as follows for the 2021 PSUs:

25 % of each award made is subject to TSR performance measured against a tailored peer group;

20 % is subject to a RONA metric;

15 % is subject to ESG metrics;

with the remaining 45 % subject to a cumulative cash flow metric.

11 unchanged sentences

(ii) the portion of awards subject to a RONA metric;

(iii) the portion of awards subject to a sustainability and diversity scorecard metric (from 2022 onward);

(iii) the portion of awards subject to ESG metrics;

and (iv) the portion of awards with no performance conditions which are subject to a two-year service period;

5 unchanged sentences

The expected volatility was determined using a historical sample of the Company’s daily share prices over a period equal to the expected term.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the Irish government bond yield at the grant date with a maturity period equal to the expected term.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S.

Treasury bond yield at the grant date with a maturity period equal to the expected term.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, 3,080,029 shares vested having a fair value of $ 256 million;

1 unchanged sentence

At December 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation expense related to the awards was $ 183 million, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.22 years.

CRH Form 10-K 84

2010 and 2021 Savings-related Share Option Schemes

In April 2021, shareholders approved the adoption of the 2021 Savings-related Share Option Schemes, which replaced the schemes approved by shareholders in May 2010.

The number of shares authorized under the Savings-related Share Option Schemes during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 did not exceed 10 % of the issued share capital at that time.

Under the schemes, participants may save up to € 500 /Stg£ 500 per month from their net salaries, for a fixed term of three or five years (the savings period).

In April 2021, shareholders approved the adoption of the 2021 Savings-related Share Option Schemes (Share Option Schemes), which replaced the schemes approved by shareholders in May 2010.

The number of shares authorized under the Share Option Schemes during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 did not exceed 10 % of the issued share capital at that time.

Under the Share Option Schemes, participants may save up to € 500 /Stg£ 500 per month from their net salaries, for a fixed term of three or five years (the savings period).

Within a period of six months after the end of the savings period, they have the option to buy shares of the Company at a discount of up to 15 % of the market price on the date of invitation of each savings contract.

Under the Share Options schemes, 86,520 , 402,645 and 470,001 shares of the Company were purchased at a weighted average price of $ 26.82 , $ 25.24 and $ 25.88 respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Under the Share Options Schemes, 236,581 , 86,520 and 402,645 shares of the Company were purchased at a weighted average price of $ 28.68 , $ 26.82 and $ 25.24 respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.

At December 31, 2024, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Share Option Schemes was $ 1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.13 years.

The fair values assigned to options issued under the Share Option Schemes were calculated in accordance with the trinomial valuation methodology.

CRH Form 10-K 85

The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the options issued under the Share Options Schemes with three-year and five-year savings periods at December 31 were:

3-year 5-year 3-year 5-year

3-year 5-year

Risk-free interest rate (%) 2.08 2.24

2 unchanged sentences

Expected life term (years) 3 5

There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023.

There were no options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023.

The expected volatility was determined using a historical sample of 37 month-end Company share prices in respect of the three-year savings-related share options and 61 month-end share prices in respect of the five-year savings-related share options.

1 unchanged sentence

Other than the assumptions listed above, no other features of options grants were factored into the determination of fair value.

The terms of the options issued under the Savings-related Share Option Schemes do not contain any market conditions.

The terms of the options issued under the Share Option Schemes do not contain any market conditions.

Shareholders' equity

8 unchanged sentences

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, dividends declared on 5 % preferred stock and 7 % ‘A’ preferred stock were all less than $ 1 million, respectively.

On March 2, 2023, the Board approved the Company’s intention to increase its share buyback program through the repurchase of up to $ 3 billion of the Company’s shares over the 12 months to March 2024, subject to market conditions prevailing at the time and on the formal Shareholder approval of the share buyback authority.

During 2024 and 2023, a total of 15,872,321 and 54,900,928 shares of Common stock (equivalent to 2.21 % and 7.47 % of the Company’s issued share capital) were repurchased at an average price of $ 82.01 and $ 54.92 per share under the share buyback program, respectively.

During 2023, 17,620,740 shares of Common stock (equivalent to 2.40 % of the Company’s issued share capital) were retired on repurchase.

During 2024, all repurchased shares of Common stock were retired on repurchase.

During 2023, 17,620,740 shares of Treasury stock (equivalent to 2.40 % of the Company’s issued share capital) were retired.

11 unchanged sentences

Balance at December 31, 2022 ( 746 ) ( 19 ) ( 22 ) ( 787 )

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 310 ( 37 ) ( 104 ) 169

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss (i) – 9 ( 4 ) 5

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 310 ( 28 ) ( 108 ) 174

Other comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 3 ) – – ( 3 )

Balance at December 31, 2023 ( 439 ) ( 47 ) ( 130 ) ( 616 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications ( 431 ) ( 27 ) 39 ( 419 )

3 unchanged sentences

Balance at December 31, 2024 ( 856 ) ( 63 ) ( 86 ) ( 1,005 )

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 310 ( 37 ) ( 104 ) 169

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss – 9 ( 4 ) 5

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 310 ( 28 ) ( 108 ) 174

Other comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 3 ) – – ( 3 )

Balance at December 31, 2023 ( 439 ) ( 47 ) ( 130 ) ( 616 )

(i) For the year ended December 31, 2022, $ 4 million and $( 5 ) million were transferred from currency translation related to gains and (losses) on divestitures that were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net and Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2021 amounts transferred from currency translation related to losses on divestitures were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating (expense) income, net.

(i) For the years ended Decembe r 31, 2024, 2023 , and 2022, $ ( 39 ) million, $ nil million, and $ 4 million respectively were transferred from currency translation related to (losses) gains on divestitures that were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Other nonoperating income (expense), net.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, $( 5 ) million was transferred from currency translation related to losses on divestitures that were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense.

The amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income for the years ended December 31 were:

5 unchanged sentences

Pension and other postretirement plans

Other nonoperating (income) expense, net ( 7 ) 8 36

Income tax expense (benefit) 3 ( 2 ) ( 7 )

Other nonoperating expense (income), net 9 ( 7 ) 8

Income tax (benefit) expense ( 4 ) 3 ( 2 )

Total 5 ( 4 ) 6

Reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to income 16 5 ( 54 )

CRH Form 10-K 86

Segment information

Effective January 1, 2023 the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe.

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following four segments:

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following three segments:

Americas Materials Solutions;

Americas Building Solutions;

Europe Materials Solutions;

Europe Building Solutions

The Americas Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America.

International Solutions

The Americas Materials Solutions segment provides building materials for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America.

The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete and asphalt.

1 unchanged sentence

The Americas Building Solutions segment manufactures, supplies and delivers solutions for the built environment in communities across North America.

Our subsidiaries within this segment offer building and infrastructure solutions serving complex critical utility infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.

The Europe Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings to customers in construction markets in Europe.

The primary materials produced in this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, asphalt and concrete products.

The Europe Building Solutions segment combines materials, products and services to produce a wide range of architectural and infrastructural solutions for use in the building and renovation of critical utility infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces for the built environment.

This business serves the growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services.

This realignment reflects the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 and the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, who are together determined to fulfil the role of Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

Comparative segment information for 2022 and 2021 has been restated to reflect the change in segments.

The principal factors employed in the identification of the four segments reflected in this note include:

Our subsidiaries within this segment offer building and infrastructure solutions serving complex critical infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.

The International Solutions segment provides integrated building solutions primarily across Europe and Australia.

The business integrates materials, products, and services to provide complete building solutions for use in the construction and renovation of public infrastructure, critical networks, commercial and residential buildings and outdoor living spaces.

The new segment structure reflects the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, who are together determined to fulfil the role of CODM.

Comparative segment information for 2023 and 2022 has been recast to reflect the change in segments.

The principal factors employed in the identification of the three segments reflected in this note include:

CRH Form 10-K 87

(i) the Company’s organizational structure in 2024 (during 2024 the Divisional President fulfilled the role of “segment manager”);

1 unchanged sentence

(iii) the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets.

The Company’s reportable segments are the same as the Company’s operating segments and correspond with how the CODM regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance under the Company’s organizational structure in 2023.

The CODM monitors the operating results of segments separately in order to allocate resources between segments and to assess performance.

Segment performance is evaluated using Adjusted EBITDA.

The CODM uses Adjusted EBITDA as part of their review of the monthly operating results on a segment basis.

The CODM considers actual monthly results against the budget and the prior year as part of their assessment of the performance of the business and when making decisions regarding resource allocation.

Given that Interest expense and Income tax expense are managed on a centralized basis, these items are not allocated between operating segments for the purposes of the information presented to the CODM and are accordingly omitted from the detailed segmental analysis below.

There are no asymmetrical allocations to reporting segments which would require disclosure.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, loss on impairments, gain/loss on divestitures, income/loss from equity method investments, substantial acquisition-related costs and pension expense/income excluding current service cost component.

The key performance measures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were:

Revenues Adjusted EBITDA

in $ millions 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021

Americas Materials Solutions 15,435 14,324 12,407 3,059 2,638 2,543

Americas Building Solutions 7,017 6,188 4,628 1,442 1,219 720

Europe Materials Solutions 9,690 9,349 9,389 1,395 1,195 1,228

Europe Building Solutions 2,807 2,862 2,782 280 336 315

Total revenues and Adjusted EBITDA 34,949 32,723 29,206 6,176 5,388 4,806

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, loss on impairments, gain/loss on divestitures and unrealized gain/loss on investments, income/loss from equity method investments, substantial acquisition-related costs and pension expense/income excluding current service cost component.

The key performance measures and segment expenses for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were:

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Revenue 16,173 7,059 12,340 35,572

Labor 3,493 1,447 2,389 7,329

Energy costs 743 121 983 1,847

Other segment items (i) 8,192 4,102 7,172 19,466

Adjusted EBITDA 3,745 1,389 1,796 6,930

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Revenue 15,435 7,017 12,497 34,949

Labor 3,274 1,306 2,264 6,844

Energy costs 805 122 1,314 2,241

Other segment items (i) 8,297 4,147 7,244 19,688

Adjusted EBITDA 3,059 1,442 1,675 6,176

in $ millions Americas Materials Solutions Americas Building Solutions International Solutions Total

Revenue 14,324 6,188 12,211 32,723

Labor 3,009 1,097 2,119 6,225

Energy costs 877 121 1,267 2,265

Other segment items (i) 7,800 3,751 7,294 18,845

Adjusted EBITDA 2,638 1,219 1,531 5,388

(i) The nature of other segment items is similar for each segment and primarily includes raw materials, haulage costs, subcontractor costs and other Selling, general and administrative expenses.

As a result of our integrated building solutions model, the composition of other segment items is such that at a segment level none of these items is individually significant in determining segment performance.

CRH Form 10-K 88

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022

4 unchanged sentences

Interest expense ( 612 ) ( 376 ) ( 344 )

(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii) – ( 99 ) 78

Gain (loss) on divestitures and unrealized gains on investments (ii) 250 – ( 99 )

Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii) 7 3 30

2 unchanged sentences

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments 4,714 4,014 3,461

CRH Form 10-K 87

(i) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total loss on impairments comprised of $ 62 million within Americas Materials Solutions and $ 295 million within Europe Materials Solutions.

(ii) (Loss) gain on divestitures, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

(i) The total Loss on impairments comprised of $ 161 million and $ 295 million within International Solutions for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $ 62 million within Americas Materials Solutions for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(ii) Gain (loss) on divestitures and unrealized gains on investments, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating income (expense) , net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

3 unchanged sentences

Americas Building Solutions 337 299 236

Europe Materials Solutions 464 466 490

Europe Building Solutions 89 73 84

International Solutions 615 553 539

Total depreciation, depletion and amortization 1,798 1,633 1,552

There was no (loss) gain on divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The (loss) gain on divestitures for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

The Gain (loss) on divestitures and unrealized gains on investments for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022

(Loss) gain on divestitures

Americas Materials Solutions – 104

Gain (loss) on divestitures and unrealized gains on investments

Americas Building Solutions 1 – –

Europe Materials Solutions ( 99 ) 3

Europe Building Solutions – ( 4 )

Total (loss) gain on divestitures ( 99 ) 78

CRH Form 10-K 88

International Solutions 249 – ( 99 )

Total gain (loss) on divestitures and unrealized gains on investments 250 – ( 99 )

The segment assets at December 31 were:

2 unchanged sentences

Americas Building Solutions 9,049 7,961 7,749

Europe Materials Solutions 10,983 10,947

Europe Building Solutions 2,390 2,193

International Solutions 15,011 13,373 13,140

Total assets for reportable segments 45,534 38,868 38,504

Cash and cash equivalents 3,720 6,341 5,936

Restricted cash 39 – –

Other current assets, excluding segment assets 446 193 134

3 unchanged sentences

Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 50,613 47,469 45,319

CRH Form 10-K 89

The segment liabilities at December 31 were:

2 unchanged sentences

Americas Building Solutions 1,769 1,770 1,567

Europe Materials Solutions 4,096 3,522

Europe Building Solutions 954 886

International Solutions 4,848 5,050 4,408

Total liabilities for reportable segments 9,771 10,169 8,883

5 unchanged sentences

Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets 27,763 25,848 22,279

Additions to property, plant and equipment for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

Additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022

Property, plant and equipment additions (i)

Property, plant and equipment and intangible asset additions (i)

Americas Materials Solutions 1,151 854 715

Americas Building Solutions 480 360 259

Europe Materials Solutions 553 460 510

Europe Building Solutions 111 99 97

Total property, plant and equipment additions 1,878 1,533 1,540

(i) Property, plant and equipment additions exclude asset retirement cost additions.

International Solutions 1,074 664 559

Total property, plant and equipment and intangible asset additions 2,705 1,878 1,533

(i) Property, plant and equipment and intangible asset additions exclude asset retirement cost additions.

Long-lived assets by geographic area at December 31 were:

1 unchanged sentence

Long-lived assets by geographical area (i)

Republic of Ireland 421 487

United Kingdom 1,819 1,786 1,691

6 unchanged sentences

The individual entities within the Company have a large number of customers spread across various activities, end-users and geographies.

CRH Form 10-K 89

Pension and other postretirement benefits

1 unchanged sentence

The disclosures included below relate to all pension schemes in the Company.

The Company operates defined benefit pension schemes in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The Company also operated a defined benefit pension scheme in Brazil which was divested in April 2021.

The Company operates defined benefit pension schemes in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Ukraine.

The Company has a mixture of funded and unfunded defined benefit pension schemes.

The net surplus of the funded schemes was $ 290 million and $ 218 million at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Unfunded obligations (including jubilee, postretirement healthcare obligations and long-term service commitments) comprise of a number of schemes in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland and the United States, totaling a net liability of $ 260 million and $ 238 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively.

Funded defined benefit schemes in the Republic of Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are administered by separate funds that are legally distinct from the Company under the jurisdiction of Trustees.

Unfunded obligations (including jubilee, postretirement healthcare obligations and long-term service commitments) comprise of a number of schemes in Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United States and Ukraine totaling a net liability of $ 235 million and $ 260 million at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Funded defined benefit schemes in Australia, the Republic of Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are administered by separate funds that are legally distinct from the Company under the jurisdiction of Trustees.

The Trustees are required by law to act in the best interests of the scheme participants and are responsible for the definition of investment strategy and for scheme administration.

5 unchanged sentences

CRH Form 10-K 90

The change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status of pension and other postretirement (OPEB) plans, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were:

The change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were:

Pension Plans OPEB Plans (i)

6 unchanged sentences

Amendments – – – ( 1 ) – –

Actuarial losses and (gains) 9 178 ( 153 ) ( 831 ) 3 ( 32 )

Actuarial (gains) and losses ( 24 ) ( 28 ) 9 178 ( 10 ) 3

Benefits paid ( 34 ) ( 104 ) ( 35 ) ( 89 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 )

Plan participant contributions – 10 – 9 – –

Curtailments – ( 4 ) – – – –

Settlements – ( 7 ) – ( 4 ) – –

Net transfer out (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures) – – ( 14 ) ( 11 ) – –

Net transfer in/(out) (including the effect of any business combinations/divestitures) – 27 – – ( 1 ) –

Foreign currency rate changes – ( 145 ) – 99 ( 2 ) –

2 unchanged sentences

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 449 2,524 446 2,316 – –

Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 37 143 ( 122 ) ( 467 ) – –

Actual gain on plan assets 17 77 37 143 – –

Employer contributions 2 36 1 38 5 5

2 unchanged sentences

Settlements – ( 7 ) – ( 4 ) – –

Net transfer in (including effect of any business combinations/divestitures) – 82 – – – –

Foreign currency rate changes – ( 155 ) – 111 – –

46 unchanged sentences

Curtailment loss (gain) – – 3 ( 3 ) – – – ( 1 ) –

Settlement loss (gain) – – 17 1 ( 2 ) 1 – – –

Net periodic benefit cost (income) (i) 8 ( 4 ) 6 20 28 48 3 6 7

(i) Service cost is included within Cost of revenues and Selling, general and administrative expenses while all other cost components are recorded within Other nonoperating (expense) income, net.

(ii) Includes the net periodic benefit cost of $ nil million, $ 1 million and $ 1 million related to non-U.S.

Settlement (gain) loss (i) – – – ( 3 ) 1 ( 2 ) – – –

Net periodic benefit cost (income) (iii) 7 8 ( 4 ) 21 20 28 6 3 6

(i) Settlement gain of $ 3 million relates to pension plans divested as part of the sale of the Company's Lime operations in Europe and is included in gain on divestitures, within Other nonoperating income (expense), net.

(ii) Includes the net periodic benefit cost of $ nil million, $ nil million and $ 1 million related to non-U.S.

OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 respectively.

(iii) Service cost is included within Cost of revenues and Selling, general and administrative expenses while all other cost components are recorded within Other nonoperating income (expense), net.

CRH Form 10-K 92

The changes in plan assets and benefit obligations that were recognized in Other comprehensive (income) loss for the years ended December 31 were:

Pension Plans OPEB Plans

Pension Plans OPEB Plans (i)

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022

6 unchanged sentences

Amount recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost (income) and other comprehensive (income) loss ( 15 ) ( 3 ) ( 9 ) 3 150 ( 295 ) ( 2 ) 9 ( 26 )

(i) Includes an amount recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss of $ 1 million, $( 2 ) million and $( 2 ) million related to non-U.S.

(i) Includes an amount recognized in Other comprehensive (income) loss of $ nil million, $ 1 million and $( 2 ) million related to non-U.S.

OPEB plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

3 unchanged sentences

Discount rate 4.95 % 5.20 % 2.70 % 3.49 % 4.13 % 1.54 % 4.86 % 5.08 % 2.59 %

Rate of compensation increase N/A 3.50 % 3.50 % 3.22 % 2.74 % 2.39 % 2.80 % 2.22 % 2.37 %

Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 3.50 % 3.22 % 3.22 % 2.74 % 2.75 % 2.80 % 2.22 %

Expected long‐term rate of return on plan assets 5.50 % 5.50 % 5.50 % 3.62 % 4.04 % 2.54 % N/A N/A N/A

6 unchanged sentences

The long-term return expectation is developed based on a diversified investment strategy that takes into account historical experience, as well as the impact of portfolio diversification, active portfolio management, and the Company’s view of current and future economic and financial market conditions.

In determining the expected rate of return for the plan assets, the Company analyzes investment community forecasts and current market conditions to develop expected returns for each of the asset classes used by the plans, which are weighted to reflect the asset allocation of each plan.

In determining the expected rate of return for the plan assets, the Company performs an analysis of investment community forecasts and current market conditions to develop expected returns for each of the asset classes used by the plans, which are weighted to reflect the asset allocation of each plan.

As market conditions and other factors change, the Company may adjust targets accordingly, and asset allocations may vary from the target allocations.

2 unchanged sentences

Assets are primarily invested in diversified funds that hold equity and debt securities to maintain security while maximizing returns within each plan’s investment policy.

The investment policy for each plan specifies the type of investment vehicle, asset allocation guidelines as well as investment monitoring/performance requirements.

The investment policy for each plan specifies the type of investment vehicle, asset allocation guidelines as well as investment monitoring and performance requirements.

For the main funded plans, the target allocations to equity/debt are as follows:

16 unchanged sentences

Assets held by insurance company – 0 - 5

Other – 0 - 10

pension plans, equity instruments with a total allocation range of 10 - 30 % are made up of 10 - 30 % in developed markets’ diversified equity instruments and 10 - 30 % in emerging markets’ diversified equity instruments.

20 unchanged sentences

pension plans, debt instruments of $ 326 million are made up of $ 226 million in non-government debt instruments and $ 100 million in government fixed interest instruments.

pension plans, debt instruments of $ 1,489 million are made up of $ 251 million in non-government debt instruments, $ 400 million in government fixed interest instruments, $ 763 million in government inflation-protected bonds, $ 34 million in asset-backed instruments and $ 41 million in inflation-protected bonds.

pension plans, debt instruments of $ 1,437 million are made up of $ 245 million in non-government debt instruments, $ 721 million in government fixed interest instruments, $ 434 million in government inflation-protected bonds and $ 37 million in asset-backed instruments.

There were no other postretirement plan assets at December 31, 2024.

16 unchanged sentences

pension plans, debt instruments of $ 341 million are made up of $ 233 million in non-government debt instruments and $ 108 million in government fixed interest instruments.

pension plans, debt instruments of $ 1,324 million are made up of $ 197 million in non-government debt instruments, $ 437 million in government fixed interest instruments, $ 663 million in government inflation-protected bonds and $ 27 million in asset-backed instruments.

There were no other postretirement plan assets at December 31, 2023.

1 unchanged sentence

in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2024 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer out of Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2024

Investment funds 11 – – ( 11 ) – –

Other 4 – – ( 2 ) – 2

Total 4 – – ( 2 ) – 2

in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer into/(out of) Level 3 Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2023

Real estate 14 – ( 6 ) – – 8

2 unchanged sentences

Total 139 6 ( 15 ) – ( 9 ) 121

in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2022 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Change due to exchange rate changes Ending balance on 12/31/2022

in $ millions Beginning balance on 1/1/2023 Actual return on plan assets, relating to assets still held at reporting date Purchases, sales and settlements Transfer (out of) Level 3 Ending balance on 12/31/2023

Investment funds 11 – – ( 11 ) –

43 unchanged sentences

Variable interest entities

The Company’s operations in the Philippines are conducted through a VIE, wherein the Company holds 40 % of the equity share capital and a 55 % share of earnings and distributions.

The Company’s operations in the Philippines are conducted through a Variable Interest Entity (VIE), wherein the Company holds 40 % of the equity share capital and a 55 % share of earnings and distributions.

The remaining noncontrolling interest of 60 % equity share capital and 45 % share of earnings and distributions is held by an unrelated party.

The Company’s voting rights are not proportional to its share of earnings and distributions, and substantially all of the activities of the Philippines business are conducted on behalf of the Company and controlled by the Company through contractual relationships.

Therefore, the Philippines business meets the definition of a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, is consolidated.

The Philippines business meets the definition of a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, is consolidated.

Further, the Company has provided subordinated debt to the intermediate parent of the Philippines business which exposes the Company to the profits and losses of the Philippines business.

The debt is repayable only in the event where the shareholder agreement of the intermediate parent of the Philippines business is terminated or where the Company transfers its shares in the intermediate parent to an unrelated entity (i.e., the debt exposure of the Company becomes in substance a residual interest in the intermediate parent).

The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies at December 31 were:

The debt is repayable only where the shareholder agreement of the intermediate parent of the Philippines business is terminated or where the Company transfers its shares in the intermediate parent to an unrelated entity (i.e.

the debt exposure of the Company becomes in substance a residual interest in the intermediate parent).

The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets before intragroup eliminations with other CRH companies at December 31 were:

in $ millions 2024 2023

7 unchanged sentences

Goodwill 190 200

Intangible assets, net 1 –

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 5 5

13 unchanged sentences

Total liabilities 673 677

The operating results of the consolidated VIE, reported within the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows before intragroup eliminations with other CRH plc companies for the years ended December 31 were:

in $ millions 2024 2023 2022

2 unchanged sentences

Gross profit 20 30 65

Net (loss) income ( 325 ) ( 24 ) 61

Net loss ( 40 ) ( 325 ) ( 24 )

Net cash provided by operating activities 10 24 12

1 unchanged sentence

Redeemable noncontrolling interests

The redeemable noncontrolling interests comprises the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s subsidiaries within the Americas Materials Solutions segment, that are currently redeemable.

The Redeemable noncontrolling interests primarily comprise of the noncontrolling interests in two of the Company’s North American subsidiaries, that are currently redeemable.

The Company has the ability to exercise the call option for the noncontrolling interests on or after December 31, 2031.

In addition to the call options, the noncontrolling interest holder has the right to sell the noncontrolling interests to the Company, which are currently exercisable.

These put and call options are redeemable based on multiples of EBITDA.

The noncontrolling interests are considered redeemable noncontrolling equity interests, as their redemption is not solely within the Company’s control.

These noncontrolling interests have put and call options and both are redeemable based on multiples of EBITDA.

The noncontrolling interests are considered redeemable noncontrolling equity interests, classified as temporary or mezzanine equity, as their redemption is not solely within the Company’s control.

The noncontrolling interests were recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition dates and are adjusted to their expected redemption values, with an offsetting entry to retained earnings, as of the reporting date as if that date was the redemption date, if those amounts exceed their respective carrying values.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to reflect the estimated redemption values as of the balance sheet date based on the formulaic redemption values, with an offsetting entry to retained earnings.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized an addition to redeemable noncontrolling interest, as reflected in Note 4, and adjusted the carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests to reflect the estimated redemption values as of the balance sheet date.

The adjustment was based on the formulaic redemption values, with an offsetting entry to retained earnings.

The rollforward of Redeemable noncontrolling interests at December 31 was:

10 unchanged sentences

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 28

Acquisitions 12

Adjustment to the redemption value 34

1 unchanged sentence

Balance at December 31, 2024 384

CRH Form 10-K 98

Commitments and contingencies

10 unchanged sentences

The Company has evaluated subsequent events occurring through to the date the Consolidated Financial Statements were issued.

Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements except as noted below or disclosed in the notes elsewhere.

It is proposed to pay an interim dividend for Q1 2024 of $ 0.35 per share on April 17, 2024 to shareholders registered at the close of business on March 15, 2024.

Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements except as noted below.

Issuance of Senior Notes

In January 2025, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company completed the issuance and sale of $ 1.25 billion 5.125 % Guaranteed Notes due 2030, $ 1.25 billion 5.500 % Guaranteed Notes due 2035, and $ 0.5 billion 5.875 % Guaranteed Notes due 2055.

The first three tranches of debt are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company as to the principal, interest, premium, if any, and any other amounts payable in respect of them.

CRH Form 10-K 98

1 unchanged sentence

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data